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A pecuária é uma das principais atividades da economia brasileira e as pastagens assumem papel neste cenário. Entretanto, fatores externos como as plantas daninhas tendem a diminuir a produtividade, a lucratividade e a rentabilidade das propriedades rurais. Objetivou-se comparar a eficiência de controle de três diferentes dosagens de herbicida em uma área infestada predominantemente pelas espécies Mimosa debilis, Malva sylvestri, Kudzu lobata e Spermacoce latifolia com o intuito de saber quais dosagens seriam viáveis ao uso sem comprometer a eficiência do controle. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Acre, entre os meses de maio a julho de 2018, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1: 0 ml dosagem/calda, T2 (100 ml/20 L): 25 ml dosagem/calda, T3 (200 ml/20 L): 50 ml dosagem/calda e T4 (300 ml/20 L): 75 ml dosagem/calda. As médias das populações de plantas daninhas foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (5%). O T2 controlou 13,2% de população e sua utilização não é viável. Entre os T3 e T4 não houve diferença estatística (p

Background : Progesterone (P4) is essential for embryonic development and maintenance of pregnancy when deficiency causes early embryonic loss. In this study, we investigated the ability of hormonal supplementation to improve the fertility of cows subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (IATF) protocols. Here, we evaluated the effect of long-acting injectable progesterone (iP4) supplementation in the D4 after IATF on pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss in Nellore cows ( Bos taurus indicus ) from different reproductive categories in Western Amazonia. Materials, Methods & Results : Eight hundred thirteen animals from 5 farms were selected and distributed into 2 groups: control [GC; administration of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, intramuscularly – IM] (n = 407) and a group that received injectable progesterone (iP4) that was long-acting [GiP4; administration of 0.5 mL of iP4, 300 mg, via IM four days after IATF] (n = 406). Each group contained 3 subgroups: heifers, primiparous cows, and multiparous cows. Of the 407 animals in the CG, 103 were heifers, 107 primiparous, and 197 multiparous. Of the 406 animals in the GiP4 group, there were 101 heifers, 107 primiparous, and 198 multiparous. On a random day of the estrous cycle (D0), an intravaginal device containing 1 g of P4 and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (BE) was inserted by intramuscular injection. On D8, the P4 device was removed and 150 μg of D-cloprostenol (PGF2α), 300 IU eCG, and 1 mg BE were administered IM. Cows were inseminated at D10, 48-52 h after procedure on D8. Pregnancy diagnosis was made between 35 and 40 days after insemination through ultrasound examination. Between 80 and 90 days after insemination, a new ultrasound examination was performed to assess early pregnancy loss. The data were processed using the SAS 9.2. The conception rate, pregnancy loss, and final conception rate were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX according to groups (CG and GiP4), categories (heifers, primiparous and multiparous), and their interactions as variables. The differences in the means of least squares were adjusted using the Tukey–Kramer method. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. The general conception rate was 46% (375/816). Regardless of the animal class, GiP4 animals (51.97%) had higher conception rates ( P < 0.05) than CG (40.29%). In the subgroups (heifers, primiparous and multiparous cows), there was a difference ( P < 0.05) between animals treated with iP4 (52.48%, 57.94%, and 48.48%, respectively) and those who were not (39.81%, 41.12%, and 40.10%, respectively). Gestational losses, regardless of the animal class, were higher in females in the CG (7.93%) [ P < 0.05] compared to those in the GiP4 group (2.84%). Regardless of treatment with iP4, the percentage of gestational loss in heifers was significantly higher (10.64%) than that in primiparous and multiparous cows (3.77% and 2.86%, respectively). The final conception rates were higher in animals that received long-acting iP4, which increased the final pregnancy in all parity categories . Discussion: In the present study, the use of iP4 increased the pregnancy rate in Nellore females, regardless of the category. Although there has been no consensus on the use of iP4, there is an agreement that increases in the pregnancy rate are related to the moment of exogenous P4 application. In addition to influencing the pregnancy rate, reduction in pregnancy losses is also attributed to iP4 treatment, a fact demonstrated in the present study, where animals treated with iP4 had a lower pregnancy loss rate than normally occurs in beef cattle. Supplementation with long-acting iP4 increased the pregnancy rate at D35-40, reduced pregnancy losses, and increased the conception rate on D80-90 days in Nellore females reared in the Western Amazon, regardless of the animal category. Keywords : abortion, reproductive biotechnologies, Bos taurus indicus , pregnancy, progesterone supplementation. Descritores: aborto, biotecnologias reprodutivas, Bos taurus indicus , gestacao, suplementacao de progesterona. Titulo: Influencia da progesterona injetavel na taxa de prenhez e perda gestacional de femeas nelore de distintas categorias reprodutivas submetidas a inseminacao artificial em tempo fixo.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background: In vitro embryo production (IVEP) allows the spread of superior animal genetics, but pregnancy rates show a high variability with this biotechnique. In the initial stage of pregnancy, progesterone plays a fundamental role in uterine preparation, acting on embryonic growth, implantation, and development. However, on the day of the IVEP transfer to the recipients, progesterone levels may be lower than that expected, influencing the uterine environment and, consequently, the pregnancy rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate in heifers after the administration of injectable progesterone (P4) in the fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol. Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted inside a rural property near the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The experimental group consisted of 232 animals, including 78 zebuine (Bos indicus) and 154 mixed (½ blood B. indicus and ½ blood B. taurus) animals, aged between 16 and 24 months, with a mean weight of 300 and 330 kg for zebuine and mixed animals, respectively. The selected animals were previously synchronized using the progesterone-estrogen-prostaglandin-estrogen protocol. Embryo transfer was performed on day 18 of the protocol, which was 9 days after the removal of intravaginal progesterone implant. On day 15 of the protocol, that is, 144 h (6 days) after the device removal, the animals were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control Group (CG; 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, intramuscular) and Treated Group (P4G; 0.5 mL of injectable P4, 150 mg, intramuscular). Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of the pregnancy rate at a 5% probability. After 23 days of embryo transfer, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The general pregnancy rate, considering all groups (CG and P4G) and breeds included, was 55.17% (128/232). The pregnancy rates of the P4G and CG groups, regardless of breeds, were 55.08% (65/118) and 55.26% (63/114), respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.8344). Angus animals presented a similar pregnancy rate in the P4G and CG groups of 54.93% (39/71) and 57.83% (48/83), respectively. Furthermore, similar results were found for the Nellore breed, with no difference in pregnancy rate between the CG (55.81%, 24/43) and P4G (48.57%, 17/35) groups. Discussion: The strategy of using P4 to increase the pregnancy rate is very widespread in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols, although differences still exist. The literature presents zero or negative effects, as in this study, when exogenous P4 was used to increase endogenous P4 concentrations and, consequently, the pregnancy rate. However, some studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of increasing blood P4 concentrations, and that the increased fertility depends on the method and time of P4 supplementation and the animal's physiological state. In this context, the fact that the injectable progesterone supplementation did not increase the pregnancy rate in this study is justified mainly by factors such as the animal category used (heifers), time of P4 supplementation (day 4 after ovulation), biotechnology used (FTET), and the heterogeneous characteristics related to phases of the estrous cycle of heifers. Supplementation with 150 mg of injectable long-acting progesterone intramuscularly did not interfere in the pregnancy rate of Angus and Nellore heifers receiving bovine embryos. Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC) In Vitro Acre Empresa Especializada na Produção de Embriões Bovinos Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Instituto Federal do Acre (IFAC) Campus Sena Madureira AC EMBRAPA Caprinos e Ovinos (CNPCO) Bolsista de Desenvolvimento Científico Regional - CNPq (DCR-CNPq/FUNCAP) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)

This study aimed to assess the productive performance and economic viability of intact, surgically castrated, and immunocastrated cattle. The experiment was completely randomized with 102 animals divided into three treatments: intact (control group), surgically castrated (group I), and immunocastrated (group II). Animal production indices, circulating testosterone levels, carcass yield and finishing, and profit generated by each method after slaughter were determined. Control group and immunocastrated animals showed a higher (p

Objetivou-se avaliar o padrão fermentativo e a bromatologia da silagem de capim- elefante cultivar Napier com as folhas de Embaúba na proporção de 50:50 aditivada com torta de semente de cupuaçu, cana-de-açúcar e fubá de milho em diferentes níveis. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Foram testados os tratamentos (0%), (5%), (10%) e (15%) dos aditivos citados. O material foi ensilado em mini-silos de tubos de PVC por 45 dias para efetivação do processo fermentativo. Foram avaliados pH, matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro e ácido (FDN/FDA), hemicelulose (HEM) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). O pH da torta de semente de cupuaçu e do fubá de milho estão dentro da amplitude preconizada na literatura. Os aditivos proporcionaram maior percentual de MS e PB em todos os tratamentos, testando estes dentro dos limites considerados aceitáveis para um adequado processo fermentativo. FDN e FDA aumentaram linearmente à medida que aumentou a inclusão de torta de cupuaçu e fubá, porém permaneceram abaixo do limite considerado limitante ao consumo voluntário dos ruminantes e a digestibilidade. Os aditivos adicionados na forragem de capim-elefante com folhas de Embaúba melhoraram o valor nutritivo da silagem.Palavras-chave: composição bromatológica, Cecropia paphytachua, ensilagem, Pennisetum purpureum. ELEPHANT GRASS SILAGE AND EMBAÚBA WITH ADDED ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS IN THE WESTERN AMAZON ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the fermentative pattern and the bromatological of the Elephant grass silage cultivar Napier with the Embaúba leaf’s in the proportion of 50:50, added with of cupuassu cake seed, sugarcane and corn meal at different levels. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replications per treatment. The treatments 0%, 5%, 10%) and 15% of the cited additives were tested. The ensiled material was in mini-silos of PVC pipes for 45 days to affect the fermentation process. pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber and acid (NDF/ FDA), hemicellulose (HEM) and total digestible nutrients (NDT) were evaluated. The pH of the cupuassu and maize meal are within the range recommended in the literature. The additives provided a higher percentage of DM and PB in all treatments, and these were within the limits considered acceptable for an adequate fermentation process. NDF and ADF increased linearly as the inclusion of cupuassu cake and corn meal increased, but remained below the limits considered limiting the voluntary consumption of ruminants and digestibility. The additives added in the elephant grass fodder with Embaúba leaves improved the nutritive value of the silage.Keywords: bromatological composition, Cecropia paphytachua, ensilage, Pennisetum purpureum.

Progesterone (P4) is essential for embryonic development and maintenance of pregnancy when deficiency causes early embryonic loss. In this study, we investigated the ability of hormonal supplementation to improve the fertility of Nellore females subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (IATF) protocols. Here, we evaluated the effect of long-acting injectable progesterone (iP4) supplementation in the D4 after IATF on pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss in Nellore females (Bos taurus indicus) from different reproductive categories in Western Amazonia. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight hundred thirteen Nellore females from 5 farms were selected and distributed into 2 groups: control [GC; administration of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, intramuscularly - IM] (n = 407) and a group that received injectable progesterone (iP4) that was long-acting [GiP4; administration of 0.5 mL of iP4, 300 mg, via IM four days after IATF] (n = 406). Each group contained 3 subgroups: heifers, primiparous cows, and multiparous cows. Of the 407 animals in the CG, 103 were heifers, 107 primiparous, and 197 multiparous. Of the 406 animals in the GiP4 group, there were 101 heifers, 107 primiparous, and 198 multiparous. On a random day of the estrous cycle (D0), an intravaginal device containing 1 g of P4 and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (BE) was inserted by intramuscular injection. On D8, the P4 device was removed and 150 μg of D-cloprostenol (PGF2α), 300 IU eCG, and 1 mg BE were administered IM. Cows were inseminated at D10, 48-52 h after procedure on D8. Pregnancy diagnosis was made between 35 and 40 days after insemination through ultrasound examination. Between 80 and 90 days after insemination, a new ultrasound examination was performed to assess early pregnancy loss. The data were processed using the SAS 9.2. The conception rate, pregnancy loss, and final conception rate were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX according to groups (CG and GiP4), categories (heifers, primiparous and multiparous), and their interactions as variables. The differences in the means of least squares were adjusted using the Tukey?Kramer method. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. The general conception rate was 46% (375/816). Regardless of the animal class, GiP4 animals (51.97%) had higher conception rates (P < 0.05) than CG (40.29%). In the subgroups (heifers, primiparous and multiparous cows), there was a difference (P < 0.05) between animals treated with iP4 (52.48%, 57.94%, and 48.48%, respectively) and those who were not (39.81%, 41.12%, and 40.10%, respectively). Gestational losses, regardless of the animal class, were higher in females in the CG (7.93%) [P < 0.05] compared to those in the GiP4 group (2.84%). Regardless of treatment with iP4, the percentage of gestational loss in heifers was significantly higher (10.64%) than that in primiparous and multiparous cows (3.77% and 2.86%, respectively). The final conception rates were higher in animals that received long-acting iP4, which increased the final pregnancy in all parity categories. Discussion: In the present study, the use of iP4 increased the pregnancy rate in Nellore females, regardless of the category. Although there has been no consensus on the use of iP4, there is an agreement that increases in the pregnancy rate are related to the moment of exogenous P4 application. In addition to influencing the pregnancy rate, reduction in pregnancy losses is also attributed to iP4 treatment, a fact demonstrated in the present study, where animals treated with iP4 had a lower pregnancy loss rate than normally occurs in beef cattle. Supplementation with long-acting iP4 increased the pregnancy rate at D35-40, reduced pregnancy losses, and increased the conception rate on D80-90 days in Nellore females reared in the Western Amazon, regardless of the animal category. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-31T16:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27293.pdf: 183754 bytes, checksum: 1d786ec7c3578c46ab24e7859d5545d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Os pecuaristas brasileiros têm utilizado o cruzamento industrial entre raças zebuínas e taurinas com o intuito de elevar o ganho de características positivas dos animais, visando à produção de carnes nobres em locais de criação mais rústicos. Dessa maneira, avaliou-se o desempenho zootécnico de dois grupos genéticos de bovinos em pastos puros de Brachiaria humidicola e consorciados com Arachis pintoi BRS Mandobi nas condições ambientais de Rio Branco, Acre. O experimento foi realizado no período de maio a setembro de 2017, utilizando-se de 36 animais, sendo 18 Nelores e 18 cruzados meio-sangue Alberdeen Angus x Nelore (1/2 AN), recém-desmamados, não-castrados com idade e peso iniciais de 10 meses e 230 kg. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2, sendo dois grupos genéticos e dois tipos de pasto (puro e consorciado) com três repetições para avaliação das variáveis relacionadas aos piquetes determinando, dessa forma, os índices zootécnicos dos animais da raça Nelore e dos produtos do cruzamento industrial 1/2 AN, além de avaliar o valor nutritivo dos pastos puros e consorciados. O manejo utilizado garantiu qu a DMST fosse suficiente para não restringir o consumo do animal em ambos os pastos, mantendo uma disponibilidade de matéria seca maior que 4.000 kg/ha. A presença do amendoim forrageiro reduziu para 45,07% o crescimento de plantas daninhas quando comparado ao pasto puro. Para a concentração de ureia no plasma, observou-se diferença significativa entre os pastos e raça, sendo que a maior delas foi encontrada em animais do pasto puro. O ganho médio diário (GMD) e produtividade animal dos pastos consorciados foram superiores aos pastos puros e, além disso, os animais 1/2 AN do pasto em consórcio obtiveram ganhos superiores aos demais tratamentos, representando acréscimo de cerca de 80% no GMD, quando comparados aos Nelores em pasto puro. O cruzamento industrial e o consórcio de pastagens apresentam-se como tecnologias que podem agregar ganhos aos pecuaristas, além de favorecer o uso inteligente do ambiente amazônico, uma vez que essa combinação expressa resultados superiores aos obtidos convencionalmente. Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T00:58:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26668.pdf: 407471 bytes, checksum: c33b5dcf1012c0c4ae1c128526525c70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-02 Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Animal) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal Sustentável na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco. Orientador: Maykel Franklin Lima Sales.