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Rarely, scientific developments centered around the patient as a whole are published. Our multidisciplinary group, headed by gastrointestinal surgeons, applied this research philosophy considering the most important aspects of the diseases "colon- and rectal cancer" in the long-term developments. Good expert cooperation/knowledge at the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm (CCCU) were applied in several phase III trials for multimodal treatments of primary tumors (MMT) and metastatic diseases (involving nearly 2000 patients and 64 centers), for treatment individualization of MMT and of metastatic disease, for psycho-oncology/quality of life involving the patients' wishes, and for disease prevention. Most of the targets initially were heavily rejected/discussed in the scientific communities, but now have become standards in treatments and national guidelines or are topics in modern translational research protocols involving molecular biology for e.g. , "patient centered individualized treatment". In this context we also describe the paths we had to tread in order to realize our new goals, which at the end were highly beneficial for the patients from many points of view. This description is also important for students and young researchers who, with an actual view on our recent developments, might want to know how medical progress was achieved., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Background: Probiotics have been shown to enhance cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but their efficacy varies, depending on the strain and dosage. Objectives: Clinical investigations are crucial to confirm their safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action. This study was designed to assess the effective dosage, safety, and efficacy of MH-Pro, a test product containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CBT-LR5 (LR5) and skim milk (non-fat dry milk), in improving cognitive function and related physiological changes in older adults suspected of MCI over 12 weeks. Methods: In total, 20 participants (mean age: 68.9 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a low-dose group (1 × 1010 CFU LR5 with 1622 mg) or a high-dose group (1 × 1010 CFU LR5 with 4055 mg skim milk) in a double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. Results: After 12 weeks, the low-dose group showed significant improvements in the MOCA-K subdomains, specifically in naming (p = 0.01) and delayed recall (p = 0.003). Additionally, levels of amyloid-β1 40/42 in the blood significantly decreased (p = 0.03) following supplementation in the low-dose group. The high-dose group exhibited significant improvement in orientation (p = 0.05). Moreover, overall cognitive enhancement was observed in the low-dose group (p = 0.003), while the high-dose group showed a trend toward improvement (p = 0.06). Fecal analysis revealed significant changes in bacterial composition, with an increase in Lacticaseibacillus after 12 weeks of MH-Pro consumption. Together, these findings provide foundational evidence suggesting that MH-Pro supplementation may serve as a potential intervention for enhancing cognitive function through gut–brain axis pathways in the elderly population. However, given the small sample size and the predominance of female participants, the impact of the outcome may be limited. Further large-scale studies are necessary to validate these preliminary results. Conclusions: This study provides foundational evidence to recognize the use of LR5 and skim milk to prepare a probiotic supplement that enhances cognitive function in the aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

OBJECTIVE: Endogenous carbonyl stress leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs represent a potential target to prevent or treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). The current study aimed to characterize cutaneous carbonyl stress, oxidative stress, immune cells, and endothelial cell damage in early type 2 diabetes compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) using novel cutaneous biomarkers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Included were 160 individuals recently (£12 months) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 144 with NGT from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort. Nerve function was assessed using electrophysiological, quantitative sensory, and clinical testing. Skin biopsies were obtained to analyze intraepidermal nerve fiber density, AGE autofluorescence, argpyrimidine area, and endothelial cell area. In addition, skin autofluorescence was measured noninvasively using the AGE reader. A subgroup with type 2 diabetes (n = 80) was reassessed 5 years later. RESULTS: After adjustment for sex, age, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and BMI, argpyrimidine area (17.5 ± 18.8 vs. 11.7 ± 12.7%) was higher in recent-onset type 2 diabetes than in NGT (P < 0.05). AGE autofluorescence was inversely correlated with nerve conduction (e.g., peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity: r = 20.346) and positively with AGE reader measurements in type 2 diabetes (r = 0.358, all P < 0.05), but not in NGT. Higher baseline AGE autofluorescence and lower endothelial cell area predicted the deterioration of clinical and neurophysiological measures after 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous AGE markers were associated with neurophysiological deficits in recent-onset type 2 diabetes and predicted their progression after 5 years, substantiating the role of carbonyl stress in the development of early DSPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: To determine the average time for patients to adapt to mandibular complete dentures (CDs) and the factors associated with this critical period. Materials and Methods: In total, 108 completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated using CDs. Adaptation was evaluated based on the following criteria: mastication, comfort, speech, and swallowing with dentures. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the average time to adaptation. The logrank test was used to assess the adaptation period and associated factors. Results: Of the 108 rehabilitated patients, 89 had adapted to mandibular CDs at the 6-month follow-up. The mean time to adaptation estimated from the Kaplan-Meier curve was 78.54 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 71.04 to 86.04). The factors associated with the adaptation period were previous experience with a mandibular denture (P = .032), the professional who made the previous CDs (P = .034), frequency of appearance of traumatic lesions after 15 days of rehabilitation (P = .023), posterior mandibular ridge height (P = .005), and regular use of the new dentures (P = .002). Conclusions: Most patients adapted to mandibular dentures after 2.6 months. Lack of prior experience with mandibular dentures, use of old dentures made by a dental technician, occurrence of traumatic injuries 15 days after CD delivery, presence of a resorbed posterior mandibular ridge, and nonregular wear were associated with longer adaptation time to new mandibular CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background/Objectives: Products from various parts of Crataegus species are traditionally applied as a cardiotonic. In Europe and the USA, mainly Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Lindm.) and Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC (synonym Crataegus oxyacantha L.) are used, but worldwide, other Crataegus species are also used. Phytotherapeutic preparations with a standardised content of flavonoids and/or oligomeric procyanidins are commercially available. The products are generally considered as safe and are at most associated with minor and atypical adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to critically assess the information about the safety of Crataegus-containing products in humans. Methods: A scoping review of the literature about adverse reactions associated with Crataegus-containing products was performed. Next, individual case safety reports (ICSRs) were assessed, which were included in VigiBase (the World Health Organisation's global database of adverse event reports for medicines and vaccines) and in the database of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature. Results: The scoping review yielded 23 clinical studies with single-herb and 14 with multi-herb preparations, from which only a few minor gastrointestinal and cardiac events had been reported. A total of 1527 reports from VigiBase, from 1970 to 2023, were analysed, as well as 13 reports from Lareb. The most frequently reported adverse reactions belonged to the system organ classes 'gastrointestinal disorders', 'skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders', 'general disorders and administration site conditions', 'cardiac disorders' or 'nervous system disorders'. In 277 reports of VigiBase, a single-herb product was the only suspect for causing the adverse reaction(s). Of these, 12.6% were graded as serious. Conclusions: The results of our study provide deeper insight in the adverse reaction profile of Crataegus-containing products and should contribute to their safe application in the treatment of less severe forms of cardiac failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective: Prolonged immobilization of joints after distal radius fracture (DRF) causes cerebral disuse-dependent plasticity (DDP) and deterioration of upper extremity function. Action observation therapy (AOT) can improve DDP. Trial design: This nonrandomized controlled trial (UMIN 000039973) tested the hypothesis that AOT improves hand-use difficulties during activities of daily living in patients with DRF. Method: Right-handed women with volar locking plate fixation for DRF were divided into AOT and Non-AOT groups for a 12-week intervention. The primary outcome was difficulty in using the fractured hand, assessed with the Japanese version of the Patient-related Wrist Evaluation (PRWE). The secondary outcomes were range of motion (ROM) of the injured side and gap between measured ROM and patient-estimated ROM. The survey was administered immediately post operation and at postoperative weeks 4, 8, and 12. The AOT group used a head-mounted display and three-dimensional video during ROM exercises. The Non-AOT group used active ROM exercises alone. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to confirm interactions and main effects by group and time period, and multiple comparisons were performed. Results: Thirty-five patients were assigned to the AOT group (n = 18, median age, 74 years) or the Non-AOT group (n = 17, median age, 70 years). In the GLM, PRWE Total, PRWE Specific, and PRWE Usual scores revealed interactions between groups and periods. The post-hoc test revealed that the PRWE Specific scores (z = 3.43, p = 0.02) and PRWE Usual scores (z = 7.53, p<0.01) were significantly lower in the AOT group than in the Non-AOT group at 4 weeks postoperatively, whereas PRWE Total scores (z = 3.29, p = 0.04) were lower at 8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: These results suggested that AOT can improve hand-use difficulties in right-handed women after DRF surgery. AOT positively affects the motor imagery of patients with DRF and can reverse the patient's perceived difficulty in using the fractured hand during rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Simple Summary: Our research integrates two key areas of focus. We first focus on a comparative biostatistical analysis of the agreement between three laboratory methods for genotyping gene copy number variations, and then we explore new characteristics of the distribution of this type of genetic aberration among cancer-associated genes. The results could be used to help molecular oncologists pick the smallest set of methods that will allow for accurate CNV genotyping in personalized cancer prognosis and drug-response prediction. We see the following strengths of our research: (1) We employ various methods for the detection of CNVs, such as CoreExome microarrays, nCounter v2 Cancer CN Assay panel, and digital droplet PCR; (2) This study sets out an interpretable comprehensive biostatistical analysis of the agreement using the PABAK score and Passing–Bablok regression; (3) This study presents the detection of CNVs in 12 paired tumor ovarian cancer/normal samples with clinical data; and (4) The research has translational potential. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the results of CNV detection by three different methods using 13 paired carcinoma samples, as well as to perform a statistical analysis of the agreement. Methods: CNV was studied using NanoString nCounter v2 Cancer CN Assay (Nanostring), Illumina Infinium CoreExome microarrays (CoreExome microarrays) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Results: There was a good level of agreement (PABAK score > 0.6) between the CoreExome microarrays and the ddPCR results for finding CNVs. There was a moderate level of agreement (PABAK values ≈ 0.3–0.6) between the NanoString Assay results and microarrays or ddPCR. For 83 out of 87 target genes studied (95%), the agreement between the CoreExome microarrays and NanoString nCounter was characterized by PABAK values < 0.75, except for MAGI3, PDGFRA, NKX2-1 and KDR genes (>0.75). The MET, HMGA2, KDR, C8orf4, PAX9, CDK6, and CCND2 genes had the highest agreement among all three approaches. Conclusions: Therefore, to get a better idea of how to genotype an unknown CNV spectrum in tumor or normal tissue samples that are very different molecularly, it makes sense to use at least two CNV detection methods. One of them, like ddPCR, should be able to quantitatively confirm the results of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Malay herbal medicine (MHM) is a popular medication and supplementation among Malaysian mothers during pregnancy and postpartum. It is expected to improve the baby's health, increase breastmilk production, promote slimming and uterine involution, and improve the mother's general health. Recent increases in reports of heavy metal contamination have raised safety concerns. Objective: This pilot exploratory study employed a comparative cross-sectional design to investigate the types of MHM ingested during pregnancy and postpartum, their possible heavy metal contamination and associated health risks. Method: This study involved 167 healthy postpartum Malay women. Findings: MHM consumption was significantly associated with the mother's number of pregnancies and children (p < 0.05) as well as her pre-pregnancy weight (p < 0.05). Mothers who consume MHM were twice as likely (95% CI 1.077–3.963) to experience threatened abortion. Heavy metals were detected in the three most widely consumed MHM samples. The mean concentration of heavy metals in these samples were 47.44 ± 67.74 μg/kg for As, 25.34 ± 2.48 μg/kg for Cd, 3685.87 ± 5683.36 μg/kg for Cr and 194.33 ± 195.19 μg/kg for Pb. The calculated non-carcinogenic hazard health risks (HQ) and health index (HI) were less than one, suggesting no adverse health impacts under the exposure conditions studied. Conclusion: While the HQ and HI values indicate no immediate health risks, the potential transfer from mother to foetus during pregnancy and from mother to infant during breastfeeding warrants further investigation. Additional studies are essential to confirm our findings and monitor the health of mothers and infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: The EQUATOR Network is an international initiative aimed at improving published health research through use of reporting guidelines. We conducted a review to determine the extent to which EQUATOR Network guidelines contain recommendations relevant for dysphagia research in human subjects. Method: We downloaded all 542 EQUATOR Network guidelines on November 8, 2022. Each guideline was reviewed by two independent raters and judged for relevance to dysphagia and related fields (e.g., otolaryngology, gastroenterology). Dysphagia-relevant guidelines pertaining to quantitative human subjects research were further inspected to identify reporting guidance regarding (a) general research elements (e.g., data collection, statistical methods), (b) participant characteristics (e.g., demographics, accrual, randomization), (c) screening and clinical/noninstrumental assessments, (d) videofluoroscopic examinations, (e) flexible endoscopic examinations, (f) other instrumentation in swallowing research, (g) dysphagia treatment, (h) patient-/care provider-reported outcome measures, and (i) any other narrowly specified focus relevant for research on swallowing. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Of 542 guidelines, 156 addressed quantitative research in human subjects relevant to dysphagia. Of these, 104 addressed general research elements and 108 addressed participant characteristics. Only 14 guidelines partially addressed the other topics of interest, and none addressed elements relevant to reporting videofluoroscopic or endoscopic assessments of swallowing. Conclusions: We were unable to find guidelines with specific relevance to reporting key methods in dysphagia research. This lack of guidance illustrates a gap that hinders the critical appraisal of research quality in the field of dysphagia. Our review highlights the need to develop dysphagia-specific tools for critical appraisal and guidance regarding adequate research reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Introduction: In this study, we investigated the correlation between serum albumin levels and cognitive function, and examined the impact of including serum albumin values in the input layer on the prediction accuracy when forecasting cognitive function using deep learning and other machine learning models. Methods: We analyzed the electronic health record data from Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital between 2014 and 2021. The study included patients who underwent cognitive function tests during this period; however, patients from whom blood test data was not obtained up to 30  days before the cognitive function tests and those with values due to measurement error in blood test results were excluded. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used as the cognitive function test, and albumin levels were examined as the explanatory variable. Furthermore, we estimated MMSE scores from blood test data using deep learning models (DLM), linear regression models, support vector machines (SVM), decision trees, random forests, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machines (LightGBM). Results: Out of 5,017 patients who underwent cognitive function tests, 3,663 patients from whom blood test data had not been obtained recently and two patients with values due to measurement error were excluded. The final study population included 1,352 patients, with 114 patients (8.4%) aged below 65 and 1,238 patients (91.6%) aged 65 and above. In patients aged 65 and above, the age and male sex showed significant associations with MMSE scores of less than 24, while albumin and potassium levels showed negative associations with MMSE scores of less than 24. Comparing MMSE estimation performance, in those aged below 65, the mean squared error (MSE) of DLM was improved with the inclusion of albumin. Similarly, the MSE improved when using SVM, random forest and XGBoost. In those aged 65 and above, the MSE improved in all models. Discussion: Our study results indicated a positive correlation between serum albumin levels and cognitive function, suggesting a positive correlation between nutritional status and cognitive function in the elderly. Serum albumin levels were shown to be an important explanatory variable in the estimation of cognitive function for individuals aged 65 and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The pursuit of drugs and methods to safeguard dopaminergic neurons holds paramount importance in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. Benfotiamine (BFT) has demonstrated neuroprotective properties, yet its precise mechanisms in PD remain elusive. This study investigated BFT's potential protective effects against dopamine neuron damage in a PD animal model and the underlying mechanisms. The PD mouse model was induced by 5 consecutive MPTP injections, followed by BFT intervention for 28 days. Motor deficits were assessed via pole test, hang test, gait analysis, and open field test, while dopaminergic neuron damage was evaluated through Immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, and Western blot analysis of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra and striatum. High Performance Liquid Chromatography quantified dopamine (DA) levels and its metabolites. Genetic pathways were explored using RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis on substantia nigra tissues, confirmed by qPCR. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway was examined through nuclear translocation and expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes HO-1, GCLM, and NQO1 at mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, measurements of MDA content, GSH activity, and SOD activity were taken in the substantia nigra and striatum. BFT administration improved motor function and protected against dopaminergic neuron degeneration in MPTP mice, with partial recovery in TH expression and DA levels. RNA-seq analysis revealed distinct effects of BFT and the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 on Parkinson-related pathways and genes. Control of Nrf2 proved crucial for BFT, as it facilitated Nrf2 movement to the nucleus, upregulating antioxidant genes and enzymes while mitigating oxidative damage. This study elucidates BFT's neuroprotective effects in a PD mouse model via Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms and gene expression modulation, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major global healthcare challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite advancements in infection prevention and control (IPC), these infections remain prevalent, particularly in resource-limited settings. This article explores the burden of HAIs, the role of infection control teams (ICTs), key IPC practices, challenges and barriers to implementation, and actionable recommendations to improve outcomes. Effective IPC relies on evidence-based practices such as hand hygiene, antimicrobial stewardship, environmental cleaning, and adherence to standard precautions. Infection control teams play a pivotal role in developing policies, conducting surveillance, managing outbreaks, and fostering a culture of safety within healthcare facilities. However, barriers such as resource limitations, poor compliance, antimicrobial resistance, and organizational challenges hinder the consistent application of IPC measures. Recommendations to address these issues include strengthening surveillance systems, investing in education and training, enhancing resource availability, promoting antimicrobial stewardship, and leveraging innovative technologies. By addressing these challenges and prioritizing infection control, healthcare facilities can reduce the burden of HAIs, improve patient outcomes, and combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. This comprehensive approach underscores the importance of collaboration, accountability, and sustained commitment to infection prevention efforts globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of cognitive interventions based on modern board games in school settings to improve memory outcomes and math skills. A parallel, quasi-experimental study was carried out with children (n = 234) into third and fourth grades (8–10 years old). School centres were allocated into a general domain intervention (playing memory board games), a specific domain intervention (playing mathematical board games) or a control group (regular classes without playing). Teachers carried out bi-weekly sessions during the last 30 min of mathematical lessons (8 weeks, 15 sessions). Before and after intervention, we individually measured verbal and visuospatial memory outcomes (short-term memory and working memory updating) and mathematical skills (number operations, number ranking, number production and problem solving). The results showed significant transfer effects of both memory and math trainings. In third grade, we found that playing math games showed medium–large effect sizes in visuospatial short-term memory and updating memory, number operations and number ranking compared to the control group. In fourth grade, we found that playing memory games showed significant small effect sizes in problem solving compared to the control group. Playing board games could be a methodology that enhances cognitive and mathematical development in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

A prospective study on 110 patients with echinococcosis at Dr. Khuroo's Medical Clinic, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, from March 2019 to April 2024 identified 12 cases (4 males, 8 females; mean age of 46.58 ± 11.97 years) of Alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Two patients were detected through ultrasound examinations carried out for unrelated causes; one presented with features of liver abscess, and nine had pain in the right upper quadrant for a mean period of 2.2 ± 1.79 years. All had the liver as the primary organ involved, with 15 tumor masses of a mean maximum diameter of 9.22 ± 3.21 cm and volume of 426 ± 374.61 cm3. Tumors placed centrally had invaded vessels and the biliary tract in eight patients, and those placed peripherally had invaded the liver capsule and adjacent organs in nine patients. Histologic examination of liver biopsies or resected organs revealed necrotic lesions, calcifications, and granulomatous inflammation with slender, thin-walled vesicles of bizarre configuration that stained strongly eosinophilic with periodic acid Schiff. Two patients had segmental liver resections; one was treated with liver aspiration, while the other nine with advanced disease received chemotherapy with albendazole along with praziquantel. Patients showed clinical improvement on a median follow-up of 12 months (range 1 to 60 months); however, MRI T2-weighted images and 18F-FDG-PET-CECT scans in two patients showed active disease on follow-up at one and five years, respectively. A systematic review detected 146 cases of AE in India from 1980 to April 2024. Twenty cases were from foreign countries, mostly from Central Asian republics, and 118 (93.65%) of the remaining 126 Indian patients were permanent residents of Kashmir Valley. The disease affected a population of 79,197 residing in 22 villages from 5 border districts of the valley. These villages were either high in or adjacent to the Himalayan mountain range. Disease prevalence in the affected population was 146.47/105 (males 131.53/105 and females 163.18/105) and the incidence was 12.41/105/year (males 11.16/105/year and females 13.81/105/year). Possible causes of the emergence of AE are discussed, and future directions for research to face this challenge arebeen identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objectives: To assess the effect of single-implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO) on the patterns of denture use after the transition to overdenture treatment and the changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) throughout a 2-year follow-up., Materials and Methods: Complete denture was provided to edentulous patients and the pattern of denture use was assessed after an adaptive period of 3 months after denture delivery and post-insertion care. Then, patients were invited to SIMO treatment. For those who accepted implant treatment, a single morse taper implant was inserted in the mandibular midline and loaded after four months using an O'ring-ball attachment. The pattern of denture use, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life impacts (OHRQoL) were assessed at the pre-and up to 2-year post-treatment follow-up. Data analyses included regression analysis for longitudinal data using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)., Results: Conventional dentures were provided to 58 patients, and 25 underwent SIMO treatment. At baseline assessment, 13 patients (52%) presented poor adaptation and discontinuous use of the mandibular denture. At the 3-month follow-up after the delivery of SIMO, there was a significant reduction in the impacts on OHRQoL and a notable improvement in patient satisfaction, which remained unaltered throughout the 2-year assessments. Treatment benefits were more pronounced for patients poorly adapted to the mandibular denture (p < 0.05). All patients showed continuous use of the mandibular denture after conversion to a SIMO., Conclusions: SIMO significantly improves PROMs and positively changes the pattern of denture use in patients who are poorly adapted to the conventional mandibular denture. Immediate changes were sustained after two years of SIMO use., Clinical Relevance: The delayed loaded SIMO markedly improved patient satisfaction with the mandibular denture and reduced OHRQoL impacts. It also shifted patients with discontinuous use into continuous users after the transition to overdenture treatment. SIMO can be a minimally invasive and less costly alternative for patients struggling with uncomfortable conventional mandibular dentures., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (protocol number 3949856) and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC, protocol number RBR-3hvsy5). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent to participate: The patients were informed about the nature of the study and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) more...

The evidence base on minimally invasive endodontic (MIE) treatment is limited. This study investigated the influence of MIE shaping on vertical root fracture (VRF) resistance and crack formation of root canal filled teeth. Human maxillary central incisors were randomized into six groups (n = 18, power = 0.9) and embedded in acrylic blocks with artificial periodontal ligaments. The root canals were either instrumented to size #40 and 0.04 taper (+MIE) or enlarged to ISO size #80 (−MIE). The canals were filled with cement-based (C) or adhesive resin-based (A) sealers in single-cone technique. The controls received no treatment or were left unfilled. After chewing simulation (staircase method, 25–150 N, 120,000×), the crack formation on the root surface was analyzed using stereomicroscope/digital imaging and classified (no defect, craze line, vertical crack, horizontal crack). Subsequently, the samples were loaded until fracture. The incidence of defects (56% vertical cracks) was not significantly different between the groups (p ≥ 0.077). VRF resistance was significantly higher in untreated teeth than in +MIE/C (p = 0.020) but did not significantly differ between the other groups (p ≥ 0.068). Minimal canal shaping did not reduce the risk of vertical root fracture and defects of root canal filled teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) poses a significant threat, affecting half of the global diabetic population and leading to severe complications, including pain, impaired mobility, and potential amputation. The delayed manifestation of diabetic neuropathy (DN) makes early diagnosis challenging, contributing to its debilitating impact on individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This review examines the multifaceted nature of DPN, focusing on the intricate interplay between oxidative stress, metabolic pathways, and the resulting neuronal damage. It delves into the challenges of diagnosing DN, emphasizing the critical role played by hyperglycemia in triggering these cascading effects. Furthermore, the study explores the limitations of current neuropathic pain drugs, prompting an investigation into a myriad of pharmaceutical agents tested in both human and animal trials over the past decade. The methodology scrutinizes these agents for their potential to provide symptomatic relief for DPN. The investigation reveals promising results from various pharmaceutical agents tested for DPN relief, showcasing their efficacy in ameliorating symptoms. However, a notable gap persists in addressing the underlying problem of DPN. The results underscore the complexity of DPN and the challenges in developing therapies that go beyond symptomatic relief. Despite advancements in treating DPN symptoms, there remains a scarcity of options addressing the underlying problem. This review consolidates the state-of-the-art drugs designed to combat DPN, highlighting their efficacy in alleviating symptoms. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the diverse processes and pathways involved in DPN pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disorder. While there are five FDA-approved drugs for treating this disease, each has only modest benefits. To design new and more effective therapies for ALS, particularly for sporadic ALS of unknown and diverse etiologies, we must identify key, convergent mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on the origin and effects of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in ALS (the cortical hyperexcitability hypothesis), in which increased glutamatergic signaling causes motor neurons to become hyperexcitable and eventually die. We characterize both primary and secondary contributions to excitotoxicity, referring to processes taking place at the synapse and within the cell, respectively. 'Primary pathways' include upregulation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, dysfunction of the EAAT2 astrocytic glutamate transporter, increased release of glutamate from the presynaptic terminal, and reduced inhibition by cortical interneurons—all of which have been observed in ALS patients and model systems. 'Secondary pathways' include changes to mitochondrial morphology and function, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. By identifying key targets in the excitotoxicity cascade, we emphasize the importance of this pathway in the pathogenesis of ALS and suggest that intervening in this pathway could be effective for developing therapies for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective: To evaluate the safety and performance of an implantable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy sensor for multi-metabolite monitoring of glucose, ketones, lactate, and ethanol. Research design and methods: This is an early feasibility study (GLOW, NCT04782934) including 7 participants (4 with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 3 healthy volunteers) in whom the YANG NIR spectroscopy sensor (Indigo) was implanted for 28 days. Metabolic challenges were used to vary glucose levels (40–400 mg/dL, 2.2–22.2 mmol/L) and/or induce increases in ketones (ketone drink, up to 3.5 mM), lactate (exercise bike, up to 13 mM) and ethanol (4–8 alcoholic beverages, 40-80g). NIR spectra for glucose, ketones, lactate, and ethanol levels analyzed with partial least squares regression were compared with blood values for glucose (Biosen EKF), ketones and lactate (GlucoMen LX Plus), and breath ethanol levels (ACE II Breathalyzer). The effect of potential confounders on glucose measurements (paracetamol, aspartame, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, sorbitol, caffeine, fructose, vitamin C) was investigated in T1D participants. Results: The implanted YANG sensor was safe and well tolerated and did not cause any infectious or wound healing complications. Six out 7 sensors remained fully operational over the entire study period. Glucose measurements were sufficiently accurate (overall mean absolute (relative) difference MARD of 7.4%, MAD 8.8 mg/dl) without significant impact of confounders. MAD values were 0.12 mM for ketones, 0.16 mM for lactate, and 0.18 mM for ethanol. Conclusions: The first implantable multi-biomarker sensor was shown to be well tolerated and produce accurate measurements of glucose, ketones, lactate, and ethanol. Trial registration: Clinical trial identifier: NCT04782934. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization has presented alarming data stating that in 2019, 17.9 million people globally died due to cardiovascular diseases, constituting 32% of all deaths. Despite increasingly advanced pharmacological and procedural treatment methods for these diseases, there is still a quest for new therapeutic possibilities that promise even greater efficacy and safety. The overriding purpose of this study is to provide an insight into the traditional uses of species from the Apiaceae and Rosaceae families as well as to systematize knowledge regarding their scientifically proven cardiovascular activities (animal studies and clinical trials). The review is intended to indicate knowledge gaps for future studies concerning plants used in traditional medicine but without scientific research. As a result, various plant species from both Apiaceae and Rosaceae family have been collected and described based on their study that has proven their effectiveness and uses in cardiovascular diseases. Most of these plants have a hypotensive effect, followed by anti-hyperlipidemic, vasorelaxant, antithrombotic, and diuretic activity. These are the mechanisms that contribute to various cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Cardiovascular diseases are a broadly understood concept focusing on vascular and heart dysfunction. Lack of physical exercise, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thromboembolism, and kidney and lung diseases all contribute to the development of heart and blood vessel dysfunction. Although effective and important, traditional treatment with diuretics, statins, beta blockers, calcium inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, and anti-platelet drugs remains a second-line treatment after dietary interventions and lifestyle changes. Scientists worldwide are still looking for an herbal product that would be effective and free from side effects, either taken together with or before the standard pharmacological intervention. Such herbal-originated medication therapy may include Morus alba L. (white mulberry), Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (sea-buckthorn), Allium sativum L. (garlic), Convallaria majalis L. (lily of the valley), Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort), and Crataegus spp. (hawthorn). Valuable herbal raw materials include leaves, fruits, seeds, and even thorns. This short review focuses on six herbs that can constitute an interesting and potential therapeutic option in the management of cardiovascular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent neurological complication linked to diabetes mellitus, exerting a substantial impact on the quality of life for those affected. This review article aims to discuss and review advances in the pain management of patients with DPN. We reviewed recent DPN management literature primarily from PubMed and SCOPUS using specific keywords, focusing on original research and recent advancements. The pathophysiology of DPN involves metabolic and vascular changes in nerve fibers, leading to direct damage and a decrease in their natural repair capacity. Effective glycemic control plays a central role in managing DPN, along with addressing other contributing factors such as comorbidities and lifestyle modifications. Nutraceuticals, including alpha-lipoic acid and Vitamin B12, have shown promising results in some studies. Antineuropathic agents such as calcium channel a2-δ ligands, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and sodium channel blockers are commonly used in DPN pain management. Topical therapies, including capsaicin and lidocaine patches, have also demonstrated efficacy. Opioids are generally discouraged due to weak evidence and long-term deleterious side effects, along with the risk of addictive potential. Neuromodulation has emerged as a modality in resistant cases not responding to pharmacological management. Individualized treatment plans based on symptomatology, comorbidities, and side effect profiles should be developed for DPN patients. Comprehensive management of DPN involves a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing patient education, regular assessment, and counseling to prevent further damage and complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Neuroimaging is increasingly being included in clinical trials of Huntington's disease (HD) for a wide range of purposes from participant selection and safety monitoring, through to demonstration of disease modification. Selection of the appropriate modality and associated analysis tools requires careful consideration. On behalf of the EHDN Imaging Working Group, we present current opinion on the utility and future prospects for inclusion of neuroimaging in HD trials. Covering the key imaging modalities of structural-, functional- and diffusion- MRI, perfusion imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and magnetoencephalography, we address how neuroimaging can be used in HD trials to: 1) Aid patient selection, enrichment, stratification, and safety monitoring; 2) Demonstrate biodistribution, target engagement, and pharmacodynamics; 3) Provide evidence for disease modification; and 4) Understand brain re-organization following therapy. We also present the challenges of translating research methodology into clinical trial settings, including equipment requirements and cost, standardization of acquisition and analysis, patient burden and invasiveness, and interpretation of results. We conclude, that with appropriate consideration of modality, study design and analysis, imaging has huge potential to facilitate effective clinical trials in HD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Internet vs. in-person Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention. The intervention aims to promote parental psychological flexibility and parental emotional regulation strategies in a 6-week/session program. Format efficacy was analyzed independently and comparatively in a non-randomized controlled clinical trial. The intervention protocol is the same, but the internet intervention was applied through a self-applied platform, and the in-person intervention was applied in a group setting. The sample consisted of 82 participants with a mean age of 42.79 (SD = 5.75), 62.2% of whom were women. The mean age of children was 8.41 (SD = 3.9). There were 41 parents each in online and in-person experimental groups. Parental psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, emotion regulation skills, parental stress, satisfaction with life, and the effects of the intervention on their children's psychological adjustment were measured at baseline, six-week postintervention, and follow-up at 91 days. The results showed no differences between groups were found in post-treatment. In the follow-up, the results showed that the workshop group reported significantly better scores in goal-oriented emotional regulation skills (F = 4.978; p <.05; η2 =.119) and children's difficulties (F = 4.679; p <.05; η2 =.112) with a large effect size. The online group reported significant differences with a large effect size in satisfaction with life (F = 10.896; p <.005; η2 =.182) The subgroup analysis found that in-person intervention is more powerful with larger effect size than online intervention. The results of this study provide useful evidence for the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy strategies in a parenting intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The 9th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit: Congress on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Outcomes was held virtually on November 30-December 1, 2023. This reference congress served as a platform for in-depth discussions and exchange on recently completed outcomes trials including dapagliflozin (DAPA-MI), semaglutide (SELECT and STEP-HFpEF) and bempedoic acid (CLEAR Outcomes), and the advances they represent in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), improving metabolic outcomes, and treating obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A broad audience of endocrinologists, diabetologists, cardiologists, nephrologists and primary care physicians participated in online discussions on guideline updates for the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes, heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD); advances in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its comorbidities; advances in the management of CKD with SGLT2 inhibitors and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs); and advances in the treatment of obesity with GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists. The association of diabetes and obesity with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH) and cancer and possible treatments for these complications were also explored. It is generally assumed that treatment of chronic diseases is equally effective for all patients. However, as discussed at the Summit, this assumption may not be true. Therefore, it is important to enroll patients from diverse racial and ethnic groups in clinical trials and to analyze patient-reported outcomes to assess treatment efficacy, and to develop innovative approaches to tailor medications to those who benefit most with minimal side effects. Other keys to a successful management of diabetes and comorbidities, including dementia, entail the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology and the implementation of appropriate patient-physician communication strategies. The 10th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held virtually on December 5–6, 2024 (http://www.cvot.org). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Introduction: Classical mechanics concepts are vital for understanding traffic safety, encompassing speed, acceleration, stopping distance, impact speed, deformation, kinetic energy, and their effects on vehicle occupants. Statistical physics principles are also employed to study multiple vehicles as a many-particle system. This study examines the effectiveness of using a damaged car and structured instruction in road safety initiatives. Methods: Participants engaged with a damaged car and discussed deformation caused by excessive speed. They participated in role simulations, envisioning and solving risky traffic scenarios, while considering the potential boomerang effect resulting from excessive fear appeals within the campaign. Results: Combining emotional appeals with solution-focused, action-oriented, and self-esteem-enhancing interventions is essential to mitigate the boomerang effect and encourage safety-compliant behavior. Educational institutions must implement tailored follow-ups to emotionally charged prevention campaigns. Using Design-Based Research, we developed effective methods for knowledge acquisition and transfer, drawing from cognitive behavioral therapy and established traffic safety programs. Discussion: This publication explores non-standardized social training within focus groups, focusing on negative emotional states following an emotionalizing campaign similar to "Crash Kurs NRW," targeting upper-level courses in North Rhine-Westphalian schools. Methods from cognitive behavioral therapy and social learning initiated, observed, and documented changes in participants' norms, values, and attitudes, discussed herein. Additionally, we investigated whether the presence of police officers in prevention campaigns influences reactive behavior. Comparing pre- and post-surveys confirmed reactance after emotionalizing campaigns, and our structured post-survey effectively influenced stage-event-induced behavior. Surprisingly, police officers' presence did not significantly impact reactive behavior. Furthermore, our follow-up tool extends its applicability to similar emotionalizing prevention campaigns, broadening its potential reach. Our future research will delve into students' physics literacy during traffic space analysis of accident hotspots, advancing traffic safety initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Oxidative stress is an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and maybe a pivotal point of interaction governing AD pathogenesis; oxidative stress contributes to metabolism imbalance, protein misfolding, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major contributor to oxidative stress. As vital sources of ROS, mitochondria are also the primary targets of ROS attack. Seeking effective avenues to reduce oxidative stress has attracted increasing attention for AD intervention. Methods: We developed liposome‐packaged Ligustilide (LIG) and investigated its effects on mitochondrial function and AD‐like pathology in the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD, and analyzed possible mechanisms. Results: We observed that LIG‐loaded liposome (LIG‐LPs) treatment reduced oxidative stress and β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposition and mitigated cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. LIG management alleviated the destruction of the inner structure in the hippocampal mitochondria and ameliorated the imbalance between mitochondrial fission and fusion in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. We showed that the decline in cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and A‐kinase anchor protein 1 for PKA (AKAP1) was associated with oxidative stress and AD‐like pathology. We confirmed that LIG‐mediated antioxidant properties and neuroprotection were involved in upregulating the PKA/AKAP1 signaling in APPswe cells in vitro. Conclusion: Liposome packaging for LIG is relatively biosafe and can overcome the instability of LIG. LIG alleviates mitochondrial dysfunctions and cognitive impairment via the PKA/AKAP1 signaling pathway. Our results provide experimental evidence that LIG‐LPs may be a promising agent for AD therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In the past few decades, the transmission of data over an unsecure channel has resulted in an increased rate of hacking. The requirement to make multimedia data more secure is increasing day by day. Numerous algorithms have been developed to improve efficiency and robustness in the encryption process. In this article, a novel and secure image encryption algorithm is presented. It is based on a modified chaotic logistic map (CLM) that provides the advantage of taking less computational time to encrypt an input image. The encryption algorithm is based on Shannon's idea of using a substitution–permutation and one-time pad network to achieve ideal secrecy. The CLM is used for substitution and permutation to improve randomness and increase dependency on the encryption key. Various statistical tests are conducted, such as keyspace analysis, complexity analysis, sensitivity analysis, strict avalanche criteria (SAC), histogram analysis, entropy analysis, mean of absolute deviation (MAD) analysis, correlation analysis, contrast analysis and homogeneity, to give a comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm and verify its security. As a result of various statistical tests, it is evident that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and robust as compared to previous ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose of Review: Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. While it can affect many different organ systems, RA primarily involves inflammation in the synovium, the tissue that lines joints. Patients with RA exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity in terms of presence or absence of autoantibodies, degree of permanent deformities, and most importantly, treatment response. These clinical characteristics point to heterogeneity in the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of RA, an area that several recent studies have begun to address. Recent Findings: Single-cell RNA-sequencing initiatives and deeper focused studies have revealed several RA-associated cell populations in synovial tissues, including peripheral helper T cells, autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs), and NOTCH3+ sublining fibroblasts. Recent large transcriptional studies and translational clinical trials present frameworks to capture cellular and molecular heterogeneity in RA synovium. Technological developments, such as spatial transcriptomics and machine learning, promise to further elucidate the different types of RA synovitis and the biological mechanisms that characterize them, key elements of precision medicine to optimize patient care and outcomes in RA. Summary: This review recaps the findings of those recent studies and puts our current knowledge and future challenges into scientific and clinical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAI) has been proposed as a valuable adjunct for multimodal therapy of primary and secondary liver malignancies. This review provides an overview of the currently available evidence of HAI, taking into account tumor response and long-term oncologic outcome. Summary: In colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), HAI in combination with systemic therapy leads to high response rates (85–90%) and conversion to resectablity in primary unresectable disease in up to 50%. HAI in combination with systemic therapy in CRLM in the adjuvant setting shows promising long-term outcomes with up to 50% 10-year survival in a large, non-randomized single-center cohort. For hepatocellular carcinoma patients, response rates as high as 20–40% have been reported for HAI and long-term outcomes compare well to other therapies. Similarly, survival for patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 3 years after treatment with HAI is reported as high as 34%, which compares well to trials of systemic therapy where 3-year survival is usually below 5%. However, evidence is mainly limited by highly selected, heterogenous patient groups, and outdated chemotherapy regimens. The largest body of evidence stems from small, often non-randomized cohorts, predominantly from highly specialized single centers. Key Message: In well-selected patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies, HAI might improve response rates and, possibly, long-term survival. Results of ongoing randomized trials will show whether a wider adoption of HAI is justified, particularly to increase rates of resectability in advanced malignant diseases confined to the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a highly prevalent and disabling complication of diabetes that is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. The management of painful DPN involves treating its underlying cause via lifestyle modifications and intensive glucose control, targeting its pathogenesis, and providing symptomatic pain relief, thereby improving patient function and health-related quality of life. Four pharmacologic options are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat painful DPN. These include three oral medications (duloxetine, pregabalin, and tapentadol extended release) and one topical agent (capsaicin 8% topical system). More recently, the FDA approved several spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices to treat refractory painful DPN. Although not FDA-approved specifically to treat painful DPN, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, gabapentinoids, and sodium channel blockers are common first-line oral options in clinical practice. Other strategies may be used as part of individualized comprehensive pain management plans. This article provides an overview of the most recent US guidelines for managing painful DPN, with a focus on the two most recently approved treatment options (SCS and capsaicin 8% topical system), as well as evidence for using FDA-approved and guideline-supported drugs and devices. Also discussed are unmet needs for this patient population, and evidence for potential future treatments for painful DPN, including drugs with novel mechanisms of action, electrical stimulation devices, and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education. Methods and Materials: A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. Results: Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG, n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate--the primary outcome--were not significant (P = 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children's body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition--the secondary outcomes--significantly differed between the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children's awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of malaria infection characterized by coma and neurological effects. Despite standardized treatment of malaria infection with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), the mortality rate is still high, and it primarily affects pediatric patients. ACT reduces parasitemia but fails to adequately target the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CM, including blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, endothelial activation/dysfunction, and hyperinflammation. The need for adjunctive therapies to specifically treat this form of severe malaria is critical as hundreds of thousands of people continue to die each year from this disease. Here we present a summary of some potential promising therapeutic targets and treatments for CM, as well as some that have been tested and deemed ineffective or, in some cases, even deleterious. Further exploration into these therapeutic agents is warranted to assess the effectiveness of these potential treatments for CM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Inpatient rehabilitation is common in Germany to improve return-to-work outcomes. The objective of this systematic scoping review was to identify factors associated with return-to-work outcomes in musculoskeletal, psychological and oncological health conditions to improve tailoring of rehabilitation therapies. A search was completed in Embase, Medline, PsycInfo and AMED until May 2023 for articles investigating inpatient rehabilitation including working-age patients with oncological, musculoskeletal, or psychological diseases using a quantitative design and reporting factors associated with return-to-work outcomes. Screening of all titles and abstracts was completed by one reviewer, full texts were read by two reviewers. Quality appraisal and data extraction was completed by two reviewers. Data was analysed using a narrative synthesis. Eighteen studies of moderate quality were included. The review identified a wide range of return-to-work parameters including employment status, work ability, sickness absence, retirement status and duration of employment since rehabilitation. In addition, 48 psychological, health- and work-related factors associated with return-to-work parameters were identified. Only one RCT investigated the relationship between a depression prevention intervention and a return-to-work outcome (work ability), which showed a significant effect. In addition to the depression prevention intervention, only the factor 'health literacy' could be considered modifiable and be addressed as part of an inpatient rehabilitation programme. Furthermore, gradual work reintegration programs and/or workplace interventions in addition to inpatient rehabilitation should be further explored to improve return-to-work outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Catalase (CAT) is an important enzyme that protects biomolecules against oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. CAT is present in all aerobic microbes, animals, and plants. It is, however, absent from normal human urine but can be detected in pathological urine. CAT testing can thus help to detect such urine. This study presents a novel spectrophotometric method for determining CAT activity characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. The method involves incubating enzyme-containing samples with a carefully chosen concentration of H2O2 for a specified incubation period. Subsequently, a solution containing ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) is added to terminate the enzyme activity. A distinctive maroon-colored ferrisulfosalicylate complex is formed. The formation of this complex is a direct result of the reaction between FAS and any residual peroxide present. This leads to the generation of ferric ions when coordinated with SSA. The complex has a maximum absorbance of 490 nm. This advanced method eliminates the need for concentrated acids to stop CAT activity, making it safer and easier to handle. A comparative analysis against the standard ferrithiocyanate method showed a correlation coefficient of 0.99, demonstrating the new method's comparable effectiveness and reliability. In conclusion, a simple and reliable protocol for assessing CAT activity, which utilizes a cuvette or microplate, has been demonstrated in this study. This interference-free protocol can easily be used in research and clinical analysis with considerable accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies implicate the effect of vestibular loss on cognitive decline, including hippocampal volume loss. As hippocampal atrophy is an important biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, exploring vestibular dysfunction as a risk factor for dementia and its role in hippocampal atrophy is of interest. OBJECTIVE: To replicate previous literature on whole-brain and hippocampal volume in semicircular canal dysfunction (bilateral vestibulopathy; BV) and explore the association between otolith function and hippocampal volume. METHODS: Hippocampal and whole-brain MRI volumes were compared in adults aged between 55 and 83 years. Participants with BV (n = 16) were compared to controls individually matched on age, sex, and hearing status (n = 16). Otolith influence on hippocampal volume in preserved semicircular canal function was evaluated (n = 34). RESULTS: Whole-brain and targeted hippocampal approaches using volumetric and surface-based measures yielded no significant differences when comparing BV to controls. Binary support vector machines were unable to classify inner ear health status above chance level. Otolith parameters were not associated with hippocampal volume in preserved semicircular canal function. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in whole-brain or hippocampal volume were found when comparing BV participants with healthy controls. Saccular parameters in subjects with preserved semicircular canal function were not associated with hippocampal volume changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of demographic, histopathological, and sonographic characteristics between pre- and postmenopausal women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, while also examining sonographic and anthropometric features in 'low' and 'intermediate/high-risk' cases, stratified by menopausal status. Our analysis, based on data from the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) 4 cohort comprising 1538 women (161 premenopausal, 1377 postmenopausal) with biopsy-confirmed endometrial cancer, revealed that premenopausal women, compared to their postmenopausal counterparts, exhibited lower parity (median 1, IQR 0–2 vs. 1, IQR 1–2, p = 0.001), a higher family history of colon cancer (16% vs. 7%, p = 0.001), and smaller waist circumferences (median 92 cm, IQR 82–108 cm vs. 98 cm, IQR 87–112 cm, p = 0.002). Premenopausal women more often had a regular endometrial–myometrial border (39% vs. 23%, p < 0.001), a visible endometrial midline (23% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), and undefined tumor (73% vs. 84%, p = 0.001). Notably, despite experiencing a longer duration of abnormal uterine bleeding (median 5 months, IQR 3–12 vs. 3 months, 2–6, p < 0.001), premenopausal women more often had 'low' risk disease (78% vs. 46%, p < 0.001). Among sonographic and anthropometric features, only an irregular endometrial–myometrial border was associated with 'intermediate/high' risk in premenopausal women. Conversely, in postmenopausal women, multiple features correlated with 'intermediate/high' risk disease. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering menopausal status when evaluating sonographic features in women with endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

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