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The majority of esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) patients progress slowly, while a subset of patients can undergo recurrence rapidly or progress to invasive cancer even after proper treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations are still largely unknown.

Physalis pubescens and Physalis alkekengi, members of the Physalis genus, are valued for their delicious and medicinal fruits as well as their different ripened fruit colors—golden for P. pubescens and scarlet for P. alkekengi. This study aimed to elucidate the pigment composition and genetic mechanisms during fruit maturation in these species. Fruit samples were collected at four development stages, analyzed using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and complemented with transcriptome sequencing to assess gene expression related to pigment biosynthesis. β-carotene was identified as the dominant pigment in P. pubescens, contrasting with P. alkekengi, which contained both lycopene and β-carotene. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway was central to fruit pigmentation in both species. Key genes pf02G043370 and pf06G178980 in P. pubescens, and TRINITY_DN20150_c1_g3, TRINITY_DN10183_c0_g1, and TRINITY_DN23805_c0_g3 in P. alkekengi were associated with carotenoid production. Notably, the MYB-related and bHLH transcription factors (TFs) regulated zeta-carotene isomerase and β-hydroxylase activities in P. pubescens with the MYB-related TF showing dual regulatory roles. In P. alkekengi, six TF families—bHLH, HSF, WRKY, M-type MADS, AP2, and NAC—were implicated in controlling carotenoid synthesis enzymes. Our findings highlight the intricate regulatory network governing pigmentation and provide insights into Physalis germplasm's genetic improvement and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) is a quintessential exemplar of chemical hydrogen storage materials and has been widely used in hydrogen evolution. Although expensive metal catalysts (such as Rh, Ru, Pt, Ag, etc.) exhibit high activity in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane, inexpensive metals are more economical. Cobalt (Co), in particular, is not only relatively inexpensive and readily available, but also possesses high activity and selectivity. Compared to other catalysts, cobalt‐based catalysts have better durability and can maintain catalytic activity for a longer period of time, making them favored by researchers. These catalysts demonstrate excellent stability, hydrogen evolution rate, and turn over frequency. This article summarized previous progress in low price metal cobalt‐based catalysts for hydrogen precipitation from ammonia borane, focusing on cobalt‐based catalysts supported on various supports, especially those supported on carbon materials, metal oxides, MOFs, and nickel foams. The characteristics of high‐performance catalytic systems are analyzed in detail. The development prospects of Co catalysts for hydrogen production from ammonia borane were also discussed. In summary, this review compiles various supported and other types of cobalt based catalysts in recent years, and also identifies the existing problems with these catalysts, providing a reference for developers to study these catalysts. It is believed that through careful regulation of the electronic and spatial structures of Co based catalysts, well‐designed Co based non precious metal catalysts will play a significant role in the decomposition of ammonia borane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's dragon culture has a long history in the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and has become a spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation, and the cultural inculcation of the traditional dragon images has penetrated into many aspects of Chinese society. It is a kind of historical condensation and cultural accumulation of the Chinese nation. The Historic Evolution of the Auspicious Beast Dragon In China, the traditional Chinese culture of the Auspicious Beast Dragon is one of the earliest in origin, longest in duration, and most influential. This project integrates the traditional Forbidden City Auspicious Beasts into the packaging of cultural and creative products, and explores the cultural connotation, historical significance, and expression of the traditional Chinese Auspicious Beasts pattern. Firstly, the background and influence of traditional Chinese mythical beast graphics in China are outlined; secondly, traditional Chinese mythical beasts are classified, analyzed for their artistic characteristics, culture, forms of expression and the symbolism behind them, and the image of mythical beasts from the Forbidden City is used as the basis for the design, and the commercial value and scope of dissemination of the mythical beasts culture can be brought about in cultural and creative packaging design is analyzed; ultimately, a series of packaging design of "Four Seasons mythical beasts" is presented, so that traditional mythical beasts culture can enter the public's vision and make more people understand China's excellent traditional culture. Four Seasons Auspicious Beasts" cultural and creative packaging design series, so that the traditional Auspicious Beasts culture into the public's field of vision, so that more people understand the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Finally, by combining the changes of the Forbidden City throughout the year with the beasts of prey for innovation and redesign. We hope that this design can give more people who love traditional culture and Auspicious Beast motifs new inspiration and ideas, and we also hope that it can provide a reference for the innovation point of Chinese traditional motifs in cultural and creative packaging design.

Surface scratch has significant influence on the fatigue behavior of Ti-5Al-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr. In this paper, fatigue test with three different surface roughness are conducted, test results are recorded, including test data and fracture characteristics. The distribution of test data is analyzed and the fracture characteristics are discussed according to the change of surface roughness. Study of fatigue behavior of Ti-5Al-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr with surface roughness is significant intheoretical and engineering fatigue study.