112 results on '"Gallo, T"'
Search Results
2. A computerized scoring system to improve assessment of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia risk
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Gallo, T., Curry, S.C., Padilla‐Jones, A., Heise, C.W., Ramos, K.S., Woosley, R.L., and Raschke, R.A.
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- 2019
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3. Clinical effectiveness of a Bayesian algorithm for the diagnosis and management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
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Raschke, R.A., Gallo, T., Curry, S.C., Whiting, T., Padilla‐Jones, A., Warkentin, T.E., and Puri, A.
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- 2017
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4. Smart sensors/actuators based in amorphous nanostructures, according to enhance robotic arms energy transmission•.
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Alan Calderón-Ch., J., Barriga-G., Benjamín, Tafur, Julio C., Jiménez, Fernando, Lozano, John, Lozano, Hugo, Risco, Rusber, and Gallo-T., Dante J.
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INTELLIGENT sensors ,ROBOTICS ,ACTUATORS ,NANOSTRUCTURES ,DETECTORS - Abstract
Copyright of Dyna is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Facultad de Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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5. Bone mineral density at femoral neck and lumbar spine in adults with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis and review of the literature
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Shah, V. N., Harrall, K. K., Shah, C. S., Gallo, T. L., Joshee, P., Snell-Bergeon, J. K., and Kohrt, W. M.
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- 2017
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6. Underreporting of congenital rubella in Italy, 2010–2014
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Giambi, Cristina, Bella, Antonino, Filia, Antonietta, Del Manso, Martina, Nacca, Gloria, Declich, Silvia, Rota, Maria Cristina, Di Giacomo, M., Locuratolo, F., Cauzillo, G., Natter, B., Mignuoli, A., Pascucci, M. G., Frasca, G., Gallo, T., Braida, C., Vitagliano, A., Guerra, M., Scognamiglio, P., Cremonesi, I., Piatti, A., Cereda, D., Senatore, S., Fiacchini, D., Giuliani, S., Ponzio, G. V., Ferrara, L., Giovannetti, F., Prato, R., Cappelli, M. G., Palmas, M. A., Macis, F., Palermo, M., Balocchini, E., Pecori, L., Carraro, V., Zuccali, M. G., Ruffier, M., Russo, F., Zanella, F., Bano, M., Tosti, A., and Regional contact points for rubella
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- 2017
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7. CO150 Examining the Relationship between Prolonged QTc Risk Score and in-Hospital Mortality
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Tan, MS, primary, Heise, CW, additional, Gallo, T, additional, Tisdale, JE, additional, Woosley, RL, additional, Antonescu, CC, additional, Gephart, S, additional, and Malone, DC, additional
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- 2022
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8. The cobalt oxidation state in preferential CO oxidation on CoOx/Pt(111) investigated by operando X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
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Rattigan E., Sun Z., Gallo T., Niño M.Á., Parreiras S.d.O., Martín-Fuentes C., Martin-Romano J.C., Écija, David, Escudero C., Villar I., Rodríguez-Fernández J., Lauritsen J.V., Rattigan E., Sun Z., Gallo T., Niño M.Á., Parreiras S.d.O., Martín-Fuentes C., Martin-Romano J.C., Écija, David, Escudero C., Villar I., Rodríguez-Fernández J., and Lauritsen J.V.
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- 2022
9. Prey selection and predation behavior of free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus) in an urban ecosystem: Implications for urban cat management
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Herrera, D.J., primary, Cove, M.V., additional, McShea, W.J., additional, Flockhart, D.T., additional, Decker, S., additional, Moore, S.M., additional, and Gallo, T., additional
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- 2022
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10. A cluster of COVID-19 cases in a small Italian town: a successful example of contact tracing and swab collection
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Valent, F., Gallo, T., Mazzolini, E., Pipan, C., Sartor, A., Merelli, M., Bontempo, G., Marzinotto, S., Curcio, F., and Tascini, C.
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- 2020
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11. The burden of severe cases of Influenza disease: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Region experience
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Bassetti, M., Peghin, M., Gallo, T., Pipan, C., D'Agaro, P., Sartor, A., Bove, T., Cocconi, R., Graziano, E., Castaldo, N., Bassetti, M., Peghin, M., Gallo, T., Pipan, C., D'Agaro, P., Sartor, A., Bove, T., Cocconi, R., Graziano, E., and Castaldo, N.
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Male ,Influenza, Neuraminidase, Pneumonia, Respiratory illness, Vaccination ,Myocarditi ,Severity of Illness Index ,Patient Isolation ,Retrospective Studie ,Early Diagnosi ,80 and over ,Child ,Respiratory illne ,Aged, 80 and over ,0303 health sciences ,Respiratory Distress Syndrome ,Respiratory illness ,Coinfection ,Respiration ,Vaccination ,Bacterial ,Middle Aged ,Hospitalization ,Intensive Care Units ,Myocarditis ,Italy ,Influenza Vaccines ,Child, Preschool ,Artificial ,Influenza ,Neuraminidase ,Pneumonia ,Original Article ,Female ,Influenza Vaccine ,Human ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Intensive Care Unit ,Antiviral Agents ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ,Early Medical Intervention ,Influenza, Human ,Intubation, Intratracheal ,Pneumonia, Bacterial ,Humans ,Preschool ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Antiviral Agent ,Infection Control ,030306 microbiology ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Newborn ,Respiration, Artificial ,Intratracheal ,Early Diagnosis ,Intubation - Abstract
Introduction. Influenza represents a matter of serious concern for clinicians, both for outpatient and in hospital setting. The 2017-18 epidemic represented the highest in terms of severity since 2003-04 worldwide. Overall, in Italy 764 cases was classified as “severe form”, with 173 influenza-attributed deaths . The majority of the fatal cases were recorded in the elderly and in patients with multiple comorbidities. However, some sporadic cases were also described in previously healthy people. We report a real-world experience about the management of cases of influenza admitted in a large teaching hospital in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region during the 2017-2018 influenza season. We also provide a practical guide for the management of hospitalized influenza cases. Methods. A retrospective observational analysis wasbconducted among all influenza cases requiring admission in our Center during the 2017-18 season. Results. Overall, 29 patients were admitted at the University Hospital of Udine during the 2017-18 season with a diagnosis of influenza. B virus was responsible for the majority of the cases. More than 65.5% of the subjects presented with a complication. We estimated that 41.4% of the admitted cases were affected by a “severe form”. All these cases required admission in Intensive Care Unit, 27.6% and 10.3% of them needing Oral-Tracheal Intubation and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, respectively. Fatality rate was 24.1%. Noteworthy, only 9 subjects of our cohort had received vaccination. On the basis of the experience acquired during the past season, we propose a practical guide to approach influenza cases in everyday hospital practice. Conclusion. The cornerstones of the management of all hospitalized influenza cases are the rapid identification and treatment of severe forms. Timely and strictly adherence to contact and respiratory precautions are also fundamental to reduce the risk of intra-hospital outbreaks. Despite the improvements of antiviral therapies and supportive measures, influenza-related morbidity and mortality remain high. According to our opinion, a universal vaccination program represents the only safe and effective method to fill the gap., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 60 No 3 (2019): 2019603
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- 2019
12. Isolation and Full-Length Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 Cases in Northern Italy
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Licastro, D., Rajasekharan, S., Dal Monego, S., Segat, L., D'Agaro, P., Marcello, A., Zamaro, G., Gallo, T., Koncan, R., Ruscio, M., Pipan, C., Curcio, F., de Rosa, R., Licastro, D., Rajasekharan, S., Dal Monego, S., Segat, L., D'Agaro, P., and Marcello, A.
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Genome, Viral ,Microbiology ,Betacoronavirus ,Virology ,Humans ,Viral ,Pandemics ,Letter to the Editor ,Phylogeny ,Full length genome ,Likelihood Functions ,Genome ,Betacoronaviru ,Pandemic ,biology ,Coronavirus Infection ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,COVID-19 ,Italy ,Coronavirus Infections ,RNA, Viral ,Pneumonia ,biology.organism_classification ,Isolation (microbiology) ,Likelihood Function ,Northern italy ,Insect Science ,RNA ,Sequence Analysis ,Human - Abstract
N/A
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- 2020
13. 2019-20 influenza coverage among healthcare workers: how a Northern-Italian Region tackles hesitancy
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Antinolfi, F, primary, Brunelli, L, additional, Malacarne, F, additional, Bucci, F G, additional, Varadi, G, additional, Gallo, T, additional, Cocconi, R, additional, and Brusaferro, S, additional
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- 2020
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14. A new dedicated clinic for HCWs’ counseling and vaccination: experience of an academic hospital
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Malacarne, F, primary, Brunelli, L, additional, Miceli, S, additional, Gallo, T, additional, Petrin, G, additional, Rosa, I, additional, Gubian, F, additional, Cocconi, R, additional, and Brusaferro, S, additional
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- 2020
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15. AB1188 INFLUENZA VACCINATION TREND IN THE LAST DECADE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RATE OF INFLUENZA VACCINATION IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS IN THE ITALIAN REGION OF FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA (2006-2018)
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Quartuccio, L., primary, Zabotti, A., additional, De Marchi, G., additional, Gallo, T., additional, De Vita, S., additional, and Valent, F., additional
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- 2020
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16. Effect of rotavirus vaccination offer to children observed in Italy between 2010-2018
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Antinolfi, F, primary, Brunelli, L, primary, Gallo, T, primary, and Valent, F, primary
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- 2019
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17. Moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and low effectiveness against A(H3N2) subtype, 2018/19 season in Italy
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Bellino, S., Bella, A., Puzelli, S., Di Martino, A., Facchini, M., Punzo, O., Pezzotti, P., Castrucci, M.R., Di Mario, G., Calzoletti, L., Fabiani, C., Chironna, M., Germinario, C., Tramuto, F., Di Carlo, V., Affanni, P., Grazia Pascucci, M., D'Agaro, P., Gallo, T., Pagani, E., Natter, B., Camilloni, B., Tosti, A., Pariani, E., Senatore, S., Serra, C., Rita Tanchis, P., Ghisetti, V., Tiberti, D., Romano, L., Volpe, E., Giannecchini, S., and Bellino S, Bella A, Puzelli S, Di Martino A, Facchini M, Punzo O, Pezzotti P, Castrucci MR, Tramuto F, The InfluNet Study Group.
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Male ,test-negative case-control study ,0301 basic medicine ,Prevalence ,Influenza vaccine effectiveness, test-negative case-control study, national influenza surveillance network, Italy ,Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Discovery ,Epidemiology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Influenza vaccine effectiveness ,Aged, 80 and over ,national influenza surveillance network ,Age Factors ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Vaccination ,Treatment Outcome ,Italy ,Influenza Vaccines ,Child, Preschool ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Influenza vaccine ,Immunology ,Context (language use) ,Virus ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Aged ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,Case-control study ,Infant ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunization ,Case-Control Studies ,business - Abstract
Background: Influenza vaccines are updated every year to match the vaccine strains with currently circulating viruses; consequently influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) has to be assessed annually.Research design and methods: A test-negative case-control study was conducted within the context of the Italian sentinel influenza surveillance network to estimate IVE by age group, virus subtype, and vaccine brand in medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza.Results: In Italy, the 2018/19 influenza season was characterized by the co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses. The adjusted IVE estimate in preventing influenza was moderate (44.8%, 95% CI: 18.8 to 62.5) against A(H1N1)pdm09, whereas there was no evidence of effectiveness (1.8%, 95% CI: -37.8 to 30.1) in persons affected by A(H3N2). IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09 decreased with age ranging from 65.7% to 13.1% among children/adolescents and elderly, respectively; moreover results suggest that Vaxigrip Tetra® was more effective against A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to Fluarix Tetra® [62.5% (95% CI: 34.3 to 78.6) vs 24.5% (95% CI: -40.6 to 59.6)]. Low effectiveness (35.2%, 95% CI: -50.8 to 72.1) against A(H3N2) was detected only in the elderly immunized with Fluad®.Conclusions: Findings suggest that influenza vaccines were low to moderately effective, probably due to a mismatch between circulating and vaccine strains.
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- 2019
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18. SYLVATIC RABIES IN THE NORTH-EAST OF ITALY: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPHYLAXIS IN WORKERS AT RISK AND TRAVELERS
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N. INGLESE, C. SALATA, Benedictis, P. DE, Carpenè, G., Mel, R., Bevilacqua, M., Schmorak, S., Rossi, P., Pagani, E., Mulatti, P., Palù, G., Bonfanti, L., Mutinelli, F., D'Agaro, Pierlanfranco, Santon, Daniela, Gallo, T., Marangon, S., Ptomao, P. Tomao, SEV – Sociedad Española de Virología, M Angeles Muñoz-Fernández , M. Dolores García-Alonso, N. INGLESE, C. SALATA, Benedictis, P. DE, Carpenè, G., Mel, R., Bevilacqua, M., Schmorak, S., Rossi, P., Pagani, E., Mulatti, P., Palù, G., Bonfanti, L., Mutinelli, F., D'Agaro, Pierlanfranco, Santon, Daniela, Gallo, T., Marangon, S., and Ptomao, P. Tomao
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vaccine ,vaccine, rabies, zoonosis ,rabies ,zoonosis - Abstract
Rabies is a global zoonotic disease that occurs in developing and developed countries, producing consistently fatal encephalitis in humans and animals. Rabies virus infects mammals through infected saliva via bites or scratches, although atypical exposures have been documented. In late 2008, wildlife rabies re-emerged in Northeastern Italy in an area bordering Slovenia, spread to Veneto region (Belluno province) and to the autonomous province of Trento and Bolzano. Since then, 287 animal cases have been detected in wild and domestic animals; the last one has been diagnosed in a red fox in February 2011. No human cases have been reported linked to the recent epidemic and Italy has been declared as free from rabies in February 2013. Several oral fox vaccination campaigns accompanied by efficacy monitoring and extensive surveillance of territories affected by the epidemic have been implemented together with education and preventive vaccination of workers at risk of viral exposure (i.e. forestry and wildlife workers, veterinarians, shelters ‘operators and laboratory personnel). The aim of this work was the evaluation of the rabies antibodies level and persistence in workers at risk of exposure and travelers. A total of 347 serum samples were collected: 169 after pre-exposure prophylaxis and 178 after post-exposure prophylaxis performed with different immunization schedules. All sera have been tested to detect rabies virus anti-glycoprotein antibodies by a commercial quantitative indirect ELISA (Platelia TM Rabies II kit; Biorad) and with the reference method FAVN (Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization), according to the procedure recommended by the WHO. The results on the protection level, persistence of antibodies and the comparison between the ELISA and FAVN test will be discussed.
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- 2015
19. Caregiver Burden Among Individuals Providing Informal Caregiving to Survivors of Major Adverse Cardiac Event (MACE): A Systematic Review
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Bhattacharjee, S, primary, Gallo, T, additional, Patel, J, additional, Harrison, DJ, additional, and Rane, PB, additional
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- 2018
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20. Acute Hepatitis B After the Implementation of Universal Vaccination in Italy: Results From 22 Years of Surveillance (1993-2014)
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Tosti, Me, Alfonsi, V, Lacorte, E, Mele, A, Galli, C, Zanetti, Ar, Romanò, L, SEIEVA Collaborating Group including Ferrigno, L, Crateri, S, Iantosca, G, Badoni, G, D'Angelo, F, Sudano, L, Ruffier, M, Fischer, M, Augschiller, M, Gamper, S, Foppa, A, Lechthaler, T, Thaler, J, Steinmair, B, Grandi, C, Carraro, V, Franchini, S, Zotti, C, Lanzafame, P, Malaspina, S, Gallone, A, Castella, A, Valenza, G, Silano, V, Tacca, M, Iodice, S, Marchisio, A, Costantino, A, Giovanetti, F, Susani, F, Tagliacarne, C, Donadini, A, Nespoli, C, Trezzi, L, Gennati, G, Monteverdi, A, Boldori, L, De Grada, P, Gattinoni, A, Brugnoli, R, Belloni, A, Binotto, M, Pinciroli, G, Pesci, L, Senegaglia, P, Crippa, S, Altomonte, G, Lodola, S, Aquino, I, Castelli, N, Zecca, E, Nieri, M, Zecca, F, Pasquale, L, Piedacci, G, Giompapa, E, Zorzut, F, Rocco, G, Brianti, G, Gallo, T, Zuliani, M, Breda, A, Feltrin, O, Russo, F, Zanella, F, Mel, R, Soppelsa, M, Zolin, R, Todescato, A, Bacciolo, N, Rizzato, D, Pupo, A, Nicolardi, L, Flora, M, Boin, F, De Sisti, C, D'Ettore, G, Caracciolo, V, Penon, M, Bellè, M, Cafarra, L, Zivelonghi, G, Soffritti, S, Foroni, M, Finarelli, A, Borrini, B, Gualanduzzi, C, Capra, A, Sacchi, A, Mattei, G, Gardenghi, L, Gianninoni, A, Sancini, R, Dalle Donne, E, Rangoni, R, Cova, M, Bevilacqua, L, Fiumana, E, Bondi, B, Pecci, A, Mela, M, Briata, M, Michele, P, Turello, V, Opisso, A, Zoppi, G, Torracca, P, Ricci, M, Capellini, A, Pecori, L, Mazzotta, F, Balocchini, E, Ghiselli, G, Marchini, P, Di Vito, A, Wanderlingh, W, Raso, E, Mazzoli, F, Berti, C, Galletti, N, Grandi, E, Ferrentino, M, Marinari, M, Lombardi, A, Barbieri, A, Bagnoli, A, Bandini, M, Lezzi, I, Verdelli, F, Beltrano, A, Bindi, R, Sansone, C, Boncompagni, G, Zacchini, F, Baretti, S, Baroncini, O, Staderini, C, Filidei, P, Chiapparini, L, Barghini, F, Cadoni, M, Tagliavento, G, Fiacchini, D, Damiani, N, Pelliccioni, A, Liverani, A, Peccerillo, G, Vaccaro, A, Spadoni, M, Rossini, R, Pasqualini, F, Priori, A, Burattini, N, Cimica, S, Vitale, V, Laici, F, Migliozzi, F, Moretti, G, Ciarrocchi, G, Impullitti, S, Angelini, C, Tosti, A, Giaimo, M, Buscosi, A, Pasquale, A, Ciani, C, Santocchia, F, Proietti, M, Paoloni, Mc, Ercole, A, Russo, P, Cerocchi, C, Grillo, P, Loffredo, M, Labriola, V, Pendenza, A, Nappi, M, Bueti, P, Santucci, L, Mangiagli, F, Varrenti, D, Aquilani, S, Dionette, P, Corpolongo, D, Di Luzio, G, Di Giacomo, M, Graziani, M, Mancini, C, Turchi, C, Granchelli, C, Soldato, G, D'Eugenio, F, Albanesi, I, Ferrara, M, Citarella, A, Fossi, E, Parlato, A, Alfieri, R, Scotto, M, Caiazzo, Al, Chironna, M, Prato, R, Matera, R, Menolascina, S, Colamaria, R, Azzollini, N, Madaro, A, Scalzo, G, Ancona, A, Pedote, P, Moffa, G, Pagano, I, Angelillis, R, Ferraro, M, Aprile, V, Turco, Gl, Minerba, S, Caputi, G, Negrone, F, Maldini, M, Russo, T, Aloia, F, Giuffrida, S, Mangione, R, Consacra, R, Cuccia, M, Rinnone, S, Delogu, F, Fracasso, D, Saba, A, Puggioni, A, Frongia, O, Marras, M, Crasta, M, Mereu, G, Steri, G, and Santus, S
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Male ,HBsAg ,Pediatrics ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,breakthrough infections ,HBV ,hepatitis B vaccination ,surveillance ,vaccination failure ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Child ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Hepatitis B ,Hepatitis B virus ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant, Newborn ,Italy ,Mass Vaccination ,Middle Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Treatment Failure ,Vaccination ,Young Adult ,Hepatitis B Vaccines ,Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Practice ,Health Knowledge ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Viral hepatitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatitis B vaccine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Preschool ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Newborn ,Immunization ,Attitudes ,Immunology ,business - Abstract
Background Hepatitis B vaccination has proven to be very safe and highly effective. This study assessed the proportion of successfully vaccinated individuals among cases with acute hepatitis B, the proportion of preventable cases if individuals were vaccinated as recommended, and the reasons for failures. Methods We analyzed data reported to the Italian Surveillance System for Acute Viral Hepatitis from 1993 to 2014. Results A total of 362 of 11 311 (3.2%) cases with acute hepatitis B were vaccinated. Of the 277 cases for whom immunization data were available, 50 (18%) received a complete vaccination course according to the correct schedule and before exposure to hepatitis B virus. Molecular characterization of 17 of these cases showed that 6 were infected with S-gene mutants. Among the 10 949 unvaccinated cases, 213 (1.9%) escaped mandatory vaccination and 2821 (25.8%) were not vaccinated despite being at increased risk of infection. Among the latter, the most common risk factors were cohabitation with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, intravenous drug use, and homosexual/bisexual practices. Thirty-seven percent of the unvaccinated households with HBsAg carriers were aware of their risk. Lack of trust in the vaccination, negative attitude, and inaccurate beliefs followed by lack of or poor communication and low perceived severity of the disease were the most frequent reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions Development of acute disease in successfully vaccinated individuals is a rare event. Further efforts are needed to enhance the vaccine coverage rate in individuals at increased risk of infection.
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- 2016
21. Vaccination status impact on mortality and hospital re-admission for CAP in elderly: a regional italian experience
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Baldo, Vincenzo, Cocchio, Silvia, Gallo, T., Furlan, Patrizia, Bertoncello, Chiara, and Baldovin, Tatjana
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- 2016
22. Impact of universal vaccination against varicella in Italy
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Bechini, A, Boccalini, S, Baldo, Vincenzo, Cocchio, Silvia, Castiglia, P, Gallo, T, Giuffrida, S, Locuratolo, F, Tafuri, S, Martinelli, D, Prato, R, Amodio, E, Vitale, F, and Bonanni, P.
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Male ,Immunization Programs ,Health Policy ,Incidence ,immunization coverage ,Vaccination ,Universal Varicella Vaccination ,Infant ,notifications ,adverse events following varicella immunization ,Varicella ,Chickenpox Vaccine ,Hospitalization ,Chickenpox ,Italy ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Female ,Health Services Research ,Child ,hospitalizations ,Research Paper - Abstract
In Italy, the introduction of Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) has been decided but postponed, as a national programme, until 2015, when data from Regions which have already implemented it will be available. Starting from 2003, eight Italian Regions (Basilicata, Calabria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Apulia, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany and Veneto) have progressively introduced UVV, in their immunization programme, with different schedules in children aged 13–15 months and 5–6 years, currently a two-dose schedule is adopted by all Regions. In June 2013, an Interregional Group on Varicella Vaccination (IGVV) has been established in order to assess the effectiveness of varicella vaccination with standardized and shared tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of varicella vaccination on the incidence and hospitalizations due to varicella and its complications in the period 2003–2012 in order to support the Italian decision makers on the future national adoption. Preliminary data showed that a general reduction of incidence and hospitalization rates was observed in the study period, resulting in relevant savings for the National Health Service. Immunization coverage with first dose at 24 months of age was high in all Regions (84%–95%) in 2012. Adverse events due to varicella vaccines were rare and without permanent sequelae. Underreporting of varicella cases and delays in the administration of the first dose of varicella vaccines were the main critical issues. In conclusion, solid evidences in support of universal UVV arise from the experiences available today in Italy.
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- 2014
23. PCV86 - Caregiver Burden Among Individuals Providing Informal Caregiving to Survivors of Major Adverse Cardiac Event (MACE): A Systematic Review
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Bhattacharjee, S, Gallo, T, Patel, J, Harrison, DJ, and Rane, PB
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- 2018
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24. Management of reduced vaccine coverage due to 6 years of failure to vaccinate: The Codroipo case, Italy
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L Brunelli, Federico Romanese, Erica Vacchiano, Laura Regattin, Tolinda Gallo, Marco Del Negro, Andrea Taddio, Mirella Campagnolo, Anna Fabbro, Maurizio Perna, Andrea Plazzotta, Patrizia Brunetti, Bruno Sacher, Paolo Pischiutti, Massimo Sigon, Giovanni Cattani, Giorgio Brianti, Mariarita Forgiarini, Tiziano Tommasini, Pier Paolo Benetollo, Silvio Brusaferro, Fabio Marchetti, Piero Pascolo, Stefano Miceli, Paola Cogo, Luca Paravano, Pierlanfranco D'Agaro, Matteo Bassetti, Agostino Nocerino, Luca Arnoldo, Francesca Valent, A Iob, Paolo Lubrano, Gianni Borghi, Brunelli, L., Romanese, F., Benetollo, P. P., Iob, A., Forgiarini, M., D'Agaro, P., Valent, F., Brusaferro, S., Arnoldo, L., Bassetti, M., Borghi, G., Brianti, G., Brunetti, P., Campagnolo, M., Cattani, G., Cogo, P., Del Negro, M., Fabbro, A., Gallo, T., Lubrano, P., Marchetti, F., Miceli, S., Nocerino, A., Paravano, L., Pascolo, P., Perna, M., Pischiutti, P., Plazzotta, A., Regattin, L., Sacher, B., Sigon, M., Taddio, A., Tommasini, T., and Vacchiano, E.
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Vaccination Coverage ,Immunology and Microbiology (all) ,030231 tropical medicine ,Extraordinary vaccination campaign ,Failure to vaccinate ,Immunization ,Public health policy ,Public health reaction ,Vaccine preventable diseases ,Molecular Medicine ,Veterinary (all) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Risk Assessment ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vaccination failure ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Immunization Schedule ,Vaccines ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Environmental and Occupational Health ,Vaccination ,Outbreak ,Friuli venezia giulia ,Italy ,Vaccine-preventable diseases ,Public Health ,business ,Healthcare system - Abstract
During 2017 an alert was raised in relation to a possible vaccination failure occurred in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Italy) between 2009 and 2015, exposing multiple cohorts of children and the entire community to vaccine preventable diseases outbreak risk. The Codroipo case resulted in 20,441 vaccine doses being in doubt, thus prompting the healthcare system to react in order to revaccinate 5444 children through planning and implementing network actions and multiple channels of communication.
- Published
- 2019
25. Neuroinvasive West Nile Infection with an Unusual Clinical Presentation: A Single-Center Case Series
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Matteo Bassetti, Tolinda Gallo, Maddalena Peghin, Assunta Sartor, Roberto Cocconi, Giovanni Merlino, Tiziana Bove, Nadia Castaldo, Elena Graziano, Pierlanfranco D'Agaro, Castaldo, N., Graziano, E., Peghin, M., Gallo, T., D'Agaro, P., Sartor, A., Bove, T., Cocconi, R., Merlino, G., and Bassetti, M.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,mosquitos ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,artropodes ,Flaviviru ,West Nile virus ,030106 microbiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Case Report ,medicine.disease_cause ,Single Center ,03 medical and health sciences ,Artropodes ,Flavivirus ,Mosquitos ,Neuroinvasiveness ,Vector ,West Nile Virus ,Artropode ,Mosquito ,Medicine ,In patient ,neuroinvasiveness ,vector ,Neuroinvasivene ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biology.organism_classification ,University hospital ,Infection rate ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business - Abstract
The 2018 West Nile Virus (WNV) season in Europe was characterized by an extremely high infection rate and an exceptionally higher burden when compared to previous seasons. Overall, there was a 10.9-fold increase in incidence in Italy, with 577 human cases, 230 WNV neuroinvasive diseases (WNNV) and 42 WNV-attributed deaths. Methods: in this paper we retrospectively reported the neurological presentation of 7 patients admitted to University Hospital of Udine with a diagnosis of WNNV, especially focusing on two patients who presented with atypical severe brain stem involvement. Conclusions: the atypical features of some of these forms highlight the necessity to stay vigilant and suspect the diagnosis when confronted with neurological symptoms. We strongly encourage clinicians to consider WNNV in patients presenting with unexplained neurological symptoms in mild climate-areas at risk.
- Published
- 2020
26. EPR/alanine dosimetry in Stereotactic Radiosurgery treatments through Helical Tomotherapy
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S. Panzeca, G. Iacoviello, S. Gallo, T. Cucchiara, M. Marrale., and S. Panzeca, G. Iacoviello, S. Gallo, T. Cucchiara, M. Marrale.
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EPR/alanine dosimetry - Published
- 2019
27. Impact of universal vaccination against varicella in Italy: Experiences from eight Italian Regions
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Francesco Locuratolo, Emanuele Amodio, Silvia Cocchio, Angela Bechini, Sara Boccalini, Francesco Vitale, Vincenzo Baldo, Paolo Bonanni, Tolinda Gallo, Silvio Tafuri, Domenico Martinelli, Paolo Castiglia, Rosa Prato, S. Giuffrida, Bechini, A, Boccalini, S, Baldo, V, Cocchio, S, Castiglia, P, Gallo, T, Giuffrida, S, Locuratolo, F, Tafuri, S, Martinelli, D, Prato, R, Amodio, E, Vitale, F, and Bonanni, P
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,adverse events following varicella immunization ,Varicella ,Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Health policy ,Chickenpox Vaccine ,Pharmacology ,Chickenpox ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,immunization coverage ,Health services research ,Universal Varicella Vaccination ,notifications ,Notifications ,Hospitalizations ,Immunization coverage ,Adverse effects ,medicine.disease ,Vaccination ,Immunization ,Vaccination coverage ,hospitalizations ,business ,hospitalization - Abstract
In Italy, the introduction of Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) has been decided but postponed, as a national programme, until 2015, when data from Regions which have already implemented it will be available. Starting from 2003, eight Italian Regions (Basilicata, Calabria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Apulia, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany and Veneto) have progressively introduced UVV, in their immunization programme, with different schedules in children aged 13-15 months and 5-6 years, currently a two-dose schedule is adopted by all Regions. In June 2013, an Interregional Group on Varicella Vaccination (IGVV) has been established in order to assess the effectiveness of varicella vaccination with standardized and shared tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of varicella vaccination on the incidence and hospitalizations due to varicella and its complications in the period 2003-2012 in order to support the Italian decision makers on the future national adoption. Preliminary data showed that a general reduction of incidence and hospitalization rates was observed in the study period, resulting in relevant savings for the National Health Service. Immunization coverage with first dose at 24 months of age was high in all Regions (84%-95%) in 2012. Adverse events due to varicella vaccines were rare and without permanent sequelae. Underreporting of varicella cases and delays in the administration of the first dose of varicella vaccines were the main critical issues. In conclusion, solid evidences in support of universal UVV arise from the experiences available today in Italy.
- Published
- 2015
28. Development of a flat jet delivery system for soft X-ray spectroscopy at MAX IV.
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Gallo T, Adriano L, Heymann M, Wrona A, Walsh N, Öhrwall G, Callefo F, Skruszewicz S, Namboodiri M, Marinho R, Schulz J, and Valerio J
- Abstract
One of the most challenging aspects of X-ray research is the delivery of liquid sample flows into the soft X-ray beam. Currently, cylindrical microjets are the most commonly used sample injection systems for soft X-ray liquid spectroscopy. However, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as complicated geometry due to their curved surface. In this study, we propose a novel 3D-printed nozzle design by introducing microscopic flat sheet jets that provide micrometre-thick liquid sheets with high stability, intending to make this technology more widely available to users. Our research is a collaboration between the EuXFEL and MAX IV research facilities. This collaboration aims to develop and refine a 3D-printed flat sheet nozzle design and a versatile jetting platform that is compatible with multiple endstations and measurement techniques. Our flat sheet jet platform improves the stability of the jet and increases its surface area, enabling more precise scanning and differential measurements in X-ray absorption, scattering, and imaging applications. Here, we demonstrate the performance of this new arrangement for a flat sheet jet setup with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoelectron angular distribution, and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments performed at the photoemission endstation of the FlexPES beamline at MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden., (open access.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Radiomics of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Peritumoral Tissue Predicts Postoperative Survival: Development of a CT-Based Clinical-Radiomic Model.
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Fiz F, Rossi N, Langella S, Conci S, Serenari M, Ardito F, Cucchetti A, Gallo T, Zamboni GA, Mosconi C, Boldrini L, Mirarchi M, Cirillo S, Ruzzenente A, Pecorella I, Russolillo N, Borzi M, Vara G, Mele C, Ercolani G, Giuliante F, Cescon M, Guglielmi A, Ferrero A, Sollini M, Chiti A, Torzilli G, Ieva F, and Viganò L
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Survival Rate, Bile Duct Neoplasms surgery, Bile Duct Neoplasms pathology, Bile Duct Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Bile Duct Neoplasms mortality, Cholangiocarcinoma surgery, Cholangiocarcinoma pathology, Cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic imaging, Cholangiocarcinoma mortality, Hepatectomy mortality, Radiomics, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Abstract
Background: For many tumors, radiomics provided a relevant prognostic contribution. This study tested whether the computed tomography (CT)-based textural features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and peritumoral tissue improve the prediction of survival after resection compared with the standard clinical indices., Methods: All consecutive patients affected by ICC who underwent hepatectomy at six high-volume centers (2009-2019) were considered for the study. The arterial and portal phases of CT performed fewer than 60 days before surgery were analyzed. A manual segmentation of the tumor was performed (Tumor-VOI). A 5-mm volume expansion then was applied to identify the peritumoral tissue (Margin-VOI)., Results: The study enrolled 215 patients. After a median follow-up period of 28 months, the overall survival (OS) rate was 57.0%, and the progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 34.9% at 3 years. The clinical predictive model of OS had a C-index of 0.681. The addition of radiomic features led to a progressive improvement of performances (C-index of 0.71, including the portal Tumor-VOI, C-index of 0.752 including the portal Tumor- and Margin-VOI, C-index of 0.764, including all VOIs of the portal and arterial phases). The latter model combined clinical variables (CA19-9 and tumor pattern), tumor indices (density, homogeneity), margin data (kurtosis, compacity, shape), and GLRLM indices. The model had performance equivalent to that of the postoperative clinical model including the pathology data (C-index of 0.765). The same results were observed for PFS., Conclusions: The radiomics of ICC and peritumoral tissue extracted from preoperative CT improves the prediction of survival. Both the portal and arterial phases should be considered. Radiomic and clinical data are complementary and achieve a preoperative estimation of prognosis equivalent to that achieved in the postoperative setting., (© 2024. Society of Surgical Oncology.)
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- 2024
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30. Aqueous Ammonium Nitrate Investigated Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cylindrical and Flat Liquid Jets.
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Gallo T, Michailoudi G, Valerio J, Adriano L, Heymann M, Schulz J, Marinho RDRT, Callefo F, Walsh N, and Öhrwall G
- Abstract
Ammonium nitrate in aqueous solution was investigated with synchrotron radiation based photoelectron spectroscopy using two types of liquid jet nozzles. Electron emission from a cylindrical microjet of aqueous ammonium nitrate solution was measured at two different angles relative to the horizontal polarization of the incident synchrotron radiation, 90° and 54.7° (the "magic angle"), for a range of photon energies (470-530 eV). We obtained β parameter values as a function of photon energy, based on a normalization procedure relying on simulations of background intensity with the SESSA (Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis) package. The β values are similar to literature data for O 1s ionization of liquid water, and the β value of N 1s from NH
4 + is higher than that for NO3 - , by ≈0.1. The measurements also show that the photoelectron signal from NO3 - exhibits a photon energy dependent cross section variation not observed in NH4 + . Additional measurements using a flat jet nozzle found that the ammonium and nitrate peak area ratio was unaffected by changes in the takeoff angle, indicating a similar distribution of both ammonium and nitrate in the surface region.- Published
- 2024
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31. Optimisation of protection in the medical exposure of recurrent adult patients due to computed tomography procedures: development of recurrent exposures reference levels.
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Bramilla M, Berton L, Balzano RF, Cannillo B, Carriero A, Chauvie S, Gallo T, Cornacchia S, Cutaia C, D'Alessio A, Emanuele R, Fonio P, Matheoud R, Stasi M, Talenti A, and Rampado O
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- Humans, Adult, Incidence, Female, Male, Radiation Exposure prevention & control, Reference Values, Radiation Protection methods, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Radiation Dosage
- Abstract
Objectives: To assess the incidence (1 year) and the cumulative incidence (3 years) of the condition of patients accruing cumulative effective doses (CED) of ≥ 100 mSv and their variability among different hospitals. To establish and validate a reference level for the CED in patients with recurrent exposures (RERL) and provide a RERL value., Methods: Data of CT exposure was collected in 9 similar hospitals. The database included 294,222 patient*years who underwent 442,278 CT exams in 3 years. The incidence proportion of patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv in a given year (I
100;1 ) and the 3-year cumulative incidence of patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv over 3 consecutive years (I100;3 ) were calculated and compared among different institutions., Results: I100;1 ranged from a minimum of 0.1% to a maximum of 5.1%. The percentage of recurrent patients was quite uniform among centres ranging from 23 to 38%. The I100;3 ranged from a minimum of 1.1 to 11.4%. There was a strong positive correlation between the third quartile values of yearly CED and yearly incidence (r = 0.90; R2 = 0.81; p < 0.0001). RERL value in our study was found at 34.0 mSv., Conclusion: The management of patients with recurrent exposures is highly variable among hospitals leading to a 50-fold variation in I100;1 and to a tenfold variation in I100;3 . RERL could be established and used by taking as a RERL quantity the CED and as a RERL value the 75th percentile of the third quartiles of the distribution of the yearly CED obtained by surveying different hospitals., Clinical Relevance Statement: This is the first ever multicentre study that quantifies recurrent exposures in terms of incidence and cumulative incidence of patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv. RERL establishment and use could benefit the optimisation of radioprotection of patients with recurrent exposures., Key Points: This is the first multicentre study estimating yearly incidence and 3-year cumulative incidence of patients with cumulative effective doses ≥ 100 mSv. In this study, a 50-fold inter centre variation between the maximum (5.1%) and the minimum value (0.1%) of yearly incidence of patients with cumulative effective doses ≥ 100 mSv was reported. The range of the 3-year cumulative incidence extended from 1.1 to 11.4% (a tenfold variation) The third quartile of the yearly cumulative effective doses in a centre showed a strong positive correlation with the yearly incidence of patients with cumulative effective doses ≥ 100 mSv, with a potential of being used to set reference levels for recurrent exposures., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.)- Published
- 2024
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32. Author Correction: Urbanization, climate and species traits shape mammal communities from local to continental scales.
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Haight JD, Hall SJ, Fidino M, Adalsteinsson SA, Ahlers AA, Angstmann J, Anthonysamy WJB, Biro E, Collins MK, Dugelby B, Gallo T, Green AM, Hartley L, Jordan MJ, Kay CAM, Lehrer EW, Long RA, MacDougall B, Magle SB, Minier DE, Mowry C, Murray M, Nininger K, Pendergast ME, Remine KR, Ryan T, Salsbury C, Sander HA, Schell CJ, Șekercioğlu ÇH, Shier CJ, Simon KC, St Clair CC, Stankowich T, Stevenson CJ, Wayne L, Will D, Williamson J, Wilson L, Zellmer AJ, and Lewis JS
- Published
- 2024
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33. SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States.
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Shamon H, Maor R, Cove MV, Kays R, Adley J, Alexander PD, Allen DN, Allen ML, Appel CL, Barr E, Barthelmess EL, Baruzzi C, Bashaw K, Bastille-Rousseau G, Baugh ME, Belant J, Benson JF, Bespoyasny BA, Bird T, Bogan DA, Brandt LSE, Bresnan CE, Brooke JM, Buderman FE, Buzzell SG, Cheeseman AE, Chitwood MC, Chrysafis P, Collins MK, Collins DP, Compton JA, Conner LM, Cosby OG, Coster SS, Crawford B, Crupi AP, Darracq AK, Davis ML, DeGregorio BA, Denningmann KL, Dougherty KD, Driver A, Edelman AJ, Ellington EH, Ellis-Felege SN, Ellison CN, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Farris ZJ, Favreau J, Fernandez P, Fisher-Reid MC, Fitzpatrick MC, Flaherty EA, Forrester TD, Fritts SR, Gallo T, Gerber BD, Giery ST, Glasscock JL, Gonatas AD, Grady AC, Green AM, Gregory T, Griffin N, Hagen RH, Hansen CP, Hansen LP, Hasstedt SC, Hernández-Yáñez H, Herrera DJ, Horan RV 3rd, Jackson VL, Johnson L, Jordan MJ, Kahano W, Kiser J, Knowles TW, Koeck MM, Koroly C, Kuhn KM, Kuprewicz EK, Lafferty DJR, LaPoint SD, Lashley M, Lathrop RG, Lee TE Jr, Lepczyk CA, Lesmeister DB, Lombardi JV, Long RA, Lonsinger RC, MacKay P, Maher SP, Mason DS, Millspaugh JJ, Moll RJ, Moon JB, Mortelliti A, Mychajliw AM, Nagy CM, Neiswenter SA, Nelson DL, Nemes CE, Nielsen CK, Olson E, O'Mara MT, O'Neill BJ, Page BR, Parsons E, Pease BS, Pendergast ME, Proctor M, Quick H, Rega-Brodsky CC, Rentz MS, Rezendes K, Rich D, Risch DR, Romero A, Rooney BR, Rota CT, Samples CA, Schalk CM, Sekercioğlu ÇH, Sergeyev M, Smith AB, Smith DS, Sperry JH, Stenglein JL, Stokes MK, Stutzman JS, Todd KR, Vanek JP, Varga W, Wardle ZM, Webb SL, Wehr NH, Whipple LS, Whittier CA, Widness JS, Williamson J, Wilson AM, Wolf AJ, Zimova M, Zorn AS, and McShea WJ
- Subjects
- United States, Animals, Mammals, Ecosystem, Photography
- Abstract
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.org/). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights (https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22-5.9 arrays per 100,000 km
2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government., (© 2024 The Ecological Society of America.)- Published
- 2024
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34. Population genomic structure of a widespread, urban-dwelling mammal: The eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).
- Author
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Fusco NA, Cosentino BJ, Gibbs JP, Allen ML, Blumenfeld AJ, Boettner GH, Carlen EJ, Collins M, Dennison C, DiGiacopo D, Drapeau Picard AP, Edmonson J, Fisher-Reid MC, Fyffe R, Gallo T, Grant A, Harbold W, Heard SB, Lafferty DJR, Lehtinen RM, Marino S, McDonald JE, Mortelliti A, Murray M, Newman A, Oswald KN, Ott-Conn C, Richardson JL, Rimbach R, Salaman P, Steele M, Stothart MR, Urban MC, Vandegrift K, Vanek JP, Vanderluit SN, Vezina L, and Caccone A
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Urban Population, Ecosystem, Sciuridae genetics, Metagenomics, Animals, Wild
- Abstract
Urbanization is a persistent and widespread driver of global environmental change, potentially shaping evolutionary processes due to genetic drift and reduced gene flow in cities induced by habitat fragmentation and small population sizes. We tested this prediction for the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), a common and conspicuous forest-dwelling rodent, by obtaining 44K SNPs using reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) for 403 individuals sampled across the species' native range in eastern North America. We observed moderate levels of genetic diversity, low levels of inbreeding, and only a modest signal of isolation-by-distance. Clustering and migration analyses show that estimated levels of migration and genetic connectivity were higher than expected across cities and forested areas, specifically within the eastern portion of the species' range dominated by urbanization, and genetic connectivity was less than expected within the western range where the landscape is fragmented by agriculture. Landscape genetic methods revealed greater gene flow among individual squirrels in forested regions, which likely provide abundant food and shelter for squirrels. Although gene flow appears to be higher in areas with more tree cover, only slight discontinuities in gene flow suggest eastern grey squirrels have maintained connected populations across urban areas in all but the most heavily fragmented agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest urbanization shapes biological evolution in wildlife species depending strongly on the composition and habitability of the landscape matrix surrounding urban areas., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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35. Urbanization, climate and species traits shape mammal communities from local to continental scales.
- Author
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Haight JD, Hall SJ, Fidino M, Adalsteinsson SA, Ahlers AA, Angstmann J, Anthonysamy WJB, Biro E, Collins MK, Dugelby B, Gallo T, Green AM, Hartley L, Jordan MJ, Kay CAM, Lehrer EW, Long RA, MacDougall B, Magle SB, Minier DE, Mowry C, Murray M, Nininger K, Pendergast ME, Remine KR, Ryan T, Salsbury C, Sander HA, Schell CJ, Șekercioğlu ÇH, Shier CJ, Simon KC, St Clair CC, Stankowich T, Stevenson CJ, Wayne L, Will D, Williamson J, Wilson L, Zellmer AJ, and Lewis JS
- Subjects
- Animals, North America, Climate, Climate Change, Urbanization, Mammals, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Human-driven environmental changes shape ecological communities from local to global scales. Within cities, landscape-scale patterns and processes and species characteristics generally drive local-scale wildlife diversity. However, cities differ in their structure, species pools, geographies and histories, calling into question the extent to which these drivers of wildlife diversity are predictive at continental scales. In partnership with the Urban Wildlife Information Network, we used occurrence data from 725 sites located across 20 North American cities and a multi-city, multi-species occupancy modelling approach to evaluate the effects of ecoregional characteristics and mammal species traits on the urbanization-diversity relationship. Among 37 native terrestrial mammal species, regional environmental characteristics and species traits influenced within-city effects of urbanization on species occupancy and community composition. Species occupancy and diversity were most negatively related to urbanization in the warmer, less vegetated cities. Additionally, larger-bodied species were most negatively impacted by urbanization across North America. Our results suggest that shifting climate conditions could worsen the effects of urbanization on native wildlife communities, such that conservation strategies should seek to mitigate the combined effects of a warming and urbanizing world., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Geographical Variation in Social Determinants of Female Breast Cancer Mortality Across US Counties.
- Author
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Anderson T, Herrera D, Mireku F, Barner K, Kokkinakis A, Dao H, Webber A, Merida AD, Gallo T, and Pierobon M
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Social Determinants of Health, Breast, Mammography, Breast Neoplasms
- Abstract
Importance: Breast cancer mortality is complex and traditional approaches that seek to identify determinants of mortality assume that their effects on mortality are stationary across geographic space and scales., Objective: To identify geographic variation in the associations of population demographics, environmental, lifestyle, and health care access with breast cancer mortality at the US county-level., Design, Setting, and Participants: This geospatial cross-sectional study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database on adult female patients with breast cancer. Statistical and spatial analysis was completed using adjusted mortality rates from 2015 to 2019 for 2176 counties in the US. Data were analyzed July 2022., Exposures: County-level population demographics, environmental, lifestyle, and health care access variables were obtained from open data sources., Main Outcomes and Measures: Model coefficients describing the association between 18 variables and age-adjusted breast cancer mortality rate. Compared with a multivariable linear regression (OLS), multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) relaxed the assumption of spatial stationarity and allowed for the magnitude, direction, and significance of coefficients to change across geographic space., Results: Both OLS and MGWR models agreed that county-level age-adjusted breast cancer mortality rates were significantly positively associated with obesity (OLS: β, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.54; mean [SD] MGWR: β, 0.72 [0.02]) and negatively associated with proportion of adults screened via mammograms (OLS: β, -1.27; 95% CI, -1.70 to -0.84; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -1.07 [0.16]). Furthermore, the MGWR model revealed that these 2 determinants were associated with a stationary effect on mortality across the US. However, the MGWR model provided important insights on other county-level factors differentially associated with breast cancer mortality across the US. Both models agreed that smoking (OLS: β, -0.65; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.32; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -0.75 [0.92]), food environment index (OLS: β, -1.35; 95% CI, -1.72 to -0.98; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -1.69 [0.70]), exercise opportunities (OLS: β, -0.56; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.21; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -0.59 [0.81]), racial segregation (OLS: β, -0.60; 95% CI, -0.89 to -0.31; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -0.47 [0.41]), mental health care physician ratio (OLS: β, -0.93; 95% CI, -1.44 to -0.42; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -0.48 [0.92]), and primary care physician ratio (OLS: β, -1.46; 95% CI, -2.13 to -0.79; mean [SD] MGWR: β, -1.06 [0.57]) were negatively associated with breast cancer mortality, and that light pollution was positively associated (OLS: β, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.72; mean [SD] MGWR: β, 0.27 [0.04]). But in the MGWR model, the magnitude of effect sizes and significance varied across geographical regions. Inversely, the OLS model found that disability was not a significant variable for breast cancer mortality, yet the MGWR model found that it was significantly positively associated in some geographical locations., Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study found that not all social determinants associated with breast cancer mortality are spatially stationary and provides spatially explicit insights for public health practitioners to guide geographically targeted interventions.
- Published
- 2023
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37. Clinical decision support to reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Gallo T, Curry SC, Heise CW, Antonescu CC, and Raschke RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Heparin adverse effects, Platelet Count, Predictive Value of Tests, Anticoagulants adverse effects, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Thrombocytopenia chemically induced, Thrombocytopenia diagnosis
- Abstract
Appropriate evaluation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is imperative because of the potentially life-threatening complications. However, overtesting and overdiagnosis of HIT are common. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of clinical decision support (CDS) based on the HIT computerized-risk (HIT-CR) score, designed to reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing. This retrospective observational study evaluated CDS that presented a platelet count versus time graph and 4Ts score calculator to clinicians who initiated a HIT immunoassay order in patients with predicted low risk (HIT-CR score 0-2). The primary outcome was the proportion of immunoassay orders initiated but cancelled after firing of the CDS advisory. Chart reviews were conducted to assess anticoagulation usage, 4Ts scores and the proportion of patients who had HIT. In a 20-week period, 319 CDS advisories were presented to users who initiated potentially unnecessary HIT diagnostic testing. The diagnostic test order was discontinued in 80 (25%) patients. Heparin products were continued in 139 (44%) patients, and alternative anticoagulation was not given to 264 (83%). The negative predictive value of the advisory was 98.8% (95% CI: 97.2-99.5). HIT-CR score-based CDS can reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing for HIT in patients with a low pretest probability of HIT., (© 2023 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. Radiomic Analysis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Non-Invasive Prediction of Pathology Data: A Multicenter Study to Develop a Clinical-Radiomic Model.
- Author
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Fiz F, Rossi N, Langella S, Ruzzenente A, Serenari M, Ardito F, Cucchetti A, Gallo T, Zamboni G, Mosconi C, Boldrini L, Mirarchi M, Cirillo S, De Bellis M, Pecorella I, Russolillo N, Borzi M, Vara G, Mele C, Ercolani G, Giuliante F, Ravaioli M, Guglielmi A, Ferrero A, Sollini M, Chiti A, Torzilli G, Ieva F, and Viganò L
- Abstract
Standard imaging cannot assess the pathology details of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We investigated whether CT-based radiomics may improve the prediction of tumor characteristics. All consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for ICC (2009-2019) in six high-volume centers were evaluated for inclusion. On the preoperative CT, we segmented the ICC (Tumor-VOI, i.e., volume-of-interest) and a 5-mm parenchyma rim around the tumor (Margin-VOI). We considered two types of pathology data: tumor grading (G) and microvascular invasion (MVI). The predictive models were internally validated. Overall, 244 patients were analyzed: 82 (34%) had G3 tumors and 139 (57%) had MVI. For G3 prediction, the clinical model had an AUC = 0.69 and an Accuracy = 0.68 at internal cross-validation. The addition of radiomic features extracted from the portal phase of CT improved the model performance (Clinical data+Tumor-VOI: AUC = 0.73/Accuracy = 0.72; +Tumor-/Margin-VOI: AUC = 0.77/Accuracy = 0.77). Also for MVI prediction, the addition of portal phase radiomics improved the model performance (Clinical data: AUC = 0.75/Accuracy = 0.70; +Tumor-VOI: AUC = 0.82/Accuracy = 0.73; +Tumor-/Margin-VOI: AUC = 0.82/Accuracy = 0.75). The permutation tests confirmed that a combined clinical-radiomic model outperforms a purely clinical one ( p < 0.05). The addition of the textural features extracted from the arterial phase had no impact. In conclusion, the radiomic features of the tumor and peritumoral tissue extracted from the portal phase of preoperative CT improve the prediction of ICC grading and MVI.
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- 2023
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39. XFEL Microcrystallography of Self-Assembling Silver n -Alkanethiolates.
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Aleksich M, Paley DW, Schriber EA, Linthicum W, Oklejas V, Mittan-Moreau DW, Kelly RP, Kotei PA, Ghodsi A, Sierra RG, Aquila A, Poitevin F, Blaschke JP, Vakili M, Milne CJ, Dall'Antonia F, Khakhulin D, Ardana-Lamas F, Lima F, Valerio J, Han H, Gallo T, Yousef H, Turkot O, Bermudez Macias IJ, Kluyver T, Schmidt P, Gelisio L, Round AR, Jiang Y, Vinci D, Uemura Y, Kloos M, Hunter M, Mancuso AP, Huey BD, Parent LR, Sauter NK, Brewster AS, and Hohman JN
- Abstract
New synthetic hybrid materials and their increasing complexity have placed growing demands on crystal growth for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Unfortunately, not all chemical systems are conducive to the isolation of single crystals for traditional characterization. Here, small-molecule serial femtosecond crystallography (smSFX) at atomic resolution (0.833 Å) is employed to characterize microcrystalline silver n- alkanethiolates with various alkyl chain lengths at X-ray free electron laser facilities, resolving long-standing controversies regarding the atomic connectivity and odd-even effects of layer stacking. smSFX provides high-quality crystal structures directly from the powder of the true unknowns, a capability that is particularly useful for systems having notoriously small or defective crystals. We present crystal structures of silver n -butanethiolate (C4), silver n- hexanethiolate (C6), and silver n -nonanethiolate (C9). We show that an odd-even effect originates from the orientation of the terminal methyl group and its role in packing efficiency. We also propose a secondary odd-even effect involving multiple mosaic blocks in the crystals containing even-numbered chains, identified by selected-area electron diffraction measurements. We conclude with a discussion of the merits of the synthetic preparation for the preparation of microdiffraction specimens and compare the long-range order in these crystals to that of self-assembled monolayers.
- Published
- 2023
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40. Prescription medications with actionable pharmacogenomic recommendations in Veterans Health Administration patients.
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Maghari S, Gallo T, Rivas S, German A, Nguyen Le MQ, Abbaszadegan H, Zubriski MA, Heise CW, and Landas ND
- Subjects
- Humans, Pharmacogenetics methods, Veterans Health, Drug Prescriptions, Pharmacogenomic Testing, Prescription Drugs therapeutic use, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions epidemiology, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions genetics
- Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of medications with actionable pharmacogenomic (PGx) safety and efficacy recommendations in patients receiving care from the Veterans Health Administration. Materials & methods: Outpatient prescription data from 2011 to 2021 and any documented adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reviewed for those who received PGx testing at one Veterans Administration location between November 2019 and October 2021. Results: Among the reviewed prescriptions, 381 (32.8%) were associated with an actionable recommendation based on the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) prescribing guidelines, with 205 (17.7%) for efficacy concerns and 176 (15.2%) for safety concerns. Among those with a documented ADR for a PGx-impacted medication, 39.1% had PGx results that aligned with CPIC recommendations. Conclusion: Medications with actionable PGx recommendations for safety and efficacy concerns are received with similar frequency, and most patients who have undergone PGx testing at the Phoenix Veterans Administration have received medications that may be impacted by PGx testing.
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- 2023
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41. Protective Effects of Halite to Vacuum and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Radiation: A Potential Scenario During a Young Sun Superflare.
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Abrevaya XC, Galante D, Tribelli PM, Oppezzo OJ, Nóbrega F, Araujo GG, Rodrigues F, Odert P, Leitzinger M, Ricardi MM, Varela ME, Gallo T, Sanz-Forcada J, Ribas I, Porto de Mello GF, Rodler F, Cerini MF, Hanslmeier A, and Horvath JE
- Subjects
- Salts, Vacuum, Minerals, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Sodium Chloride chemistry
- Abstract
Halite (NaCl mineral) has exhibited the potential to preserve microorganisms for millions of years on Earth. This mineral was also identified on Mars and in meteorites. In this study, we investigated the potential of halite crystals to protect microbial life-forms on the surface of an airless body ( e.g ., meteorite), for instance, during a lithopanspermia process (interplanetary travel step) in the early Solar System. To investigate the effect of the radiation of the young Sun on microorganisms, we performed extensive simulation experiments by employing a synchrotron facility. We focused on two exposure conditions: vacuum (low Earth orbit, 10
-4 Pa) and vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation (range 57.6-124 nm, flux 7.14 W/m2 ), with the latter representing an extreme scenario with high VUV fluxes comparable to the amount of radiation of a stellar superflare from the young Sun. The stellar VUV parameters were estimated by using the very well-studied solar analog of the young Sun, κ1 Cet. To evaluate the protective effects of halite, we entrapped a halophilic archaeon ( Haloferax volcanii ) and a non-halophilic bacterium ( Deinococcus radiodurans ) in laboratory-grown halite. Control groups were cells entrapped in salt crystals (mixtures of different salts and NaCl) and non-trapped (naked) cells, respectively. All groups were exposed either to vacuum alone or to vacuum plus VUV. Our results demonstrate that halite can serve as protection against vacuum and VUV radiation, regardless of the type of microorganism. In addition, we found that the protection is higher than provided by crystals obtained from mixtures of salts. This extends the protective effects of halite documented in previous studies and reinforces the possibility to consider the crystals of this mineral as potential preservation structures in airless bodies or as vehicles for the interplanetary transfer of microorganisms.- Published
- 2023
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42. Relationship between a risk score for QT interval prolongation and mortality across rural and urban inpatient facilities.
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Tan MS, Heise CW, Gallo T, Tisdale JE, Woosley RL, Antonescu CC, Gephart SM, and Malone DC
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Inpatients, Electrocardiography, Risk Factors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Long QT Syndrome etiology, Torsades de Pointes etiology
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between a modified Tisdale QTc-risk score (QTc-RS) and inpatient mortality and length of stay in a broad inpatient population with an order for a medication with a known risk of torsades de pointes (TdP)., Background: Managing the risk of TdP is challenging due to the number of medications with known risk of TdP and the complexity of precipitating factors. A model to predict risk of mortality may be useful to guide treatment decisions., Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using inpatient data from 28 healthcare facilities in the western United States. This risk score ranges from zero to 23 with weights applied to each risk factor based on a previous validation study. Logistic regression and a generalized linear model were performed to assess the relationship between QTc-RS and mortality and length of stay., Results: Between April and December 2020, a QTc-RS was calculated for 92,383 hospitalized patients. Common risk factors were female (55.0%); age > 67 years (32.1%); and receiving a medication with known risk of TdP (24.5%). A total of 2770 (3%) patients died during their hospitalization. Relative to patients with QTc-RS < 7, the odds ratio for mortality was 4.80 (95%CI:4.42-5.21) for patients with QTc-RS = 7-10 and 11.51 (95%CI:10.23-12.94) for those with QTc-RS ≥ 11. Length of hospital stay increased by 0.7 day for every unit increase in the risk score (p < 0.0001)., Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between increased mortality as well as longer duration of hospitalization with an increasing QTc-RS., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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43. SARS-CoV-2 transmission by asymptomatic healthcare workers positive to screening swab: an Italian study.
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Palese F, Arnoldo L, Brunelli L, Buzancic S, De Giusti VA, Ferrazzano A, Gallo T, Iob A, Mauro K, Pipan C, Polonia M, Ruscio E, Treleani M, and Conte A
- Subjects
- Health Personnel, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets of symptomatic individuals. With respect to asymptomatic individuals, there are conflicting results in the literature and a lack of studies specifically examining transmission in healthcare settings., Methods: The aim of this retrospective study, conducted in a northeastern Italian region, was to estimate the contagiousness of asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic HCWs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) at a regular screening nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab between 1 February 2020 and 15 September 2020 were considered index cases. Contacts who were at high risk of infection and had follow-up swabs were included. Contacts were considered infected if they had a positive follow-up swab and/or symptoms associated with COVID-19 confirmed by a positive test within 14 days of exposure. Information was taken from records previously collected to identify contacts. Infectivity was estimated using the attack rate (AR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI)., Results: Thirty-eight asymptomatic HCWs who were positive at the screening swab and 778 contacts were identified. Contacts included 63.8% of colleagues, 25.6% of patients, 7.7% of family members and 3.0% of other contacts. Seven contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (AR: 0.91%, 95% CI: 0.89-0.93). Five of them were family members (AR: 8.3%), one was a colleague (0.2%) and one was a contact of other type (4.2%)., Conclusions: Viral spread by asymptomatic HCWs was less than in other settings. Identification of risk factors for transmission and reliable indicators of infectivity would be important to prioritize preventive measures., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.)
- Published
- 2022
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44. Clinician Satisfaction With Advanced Clinical Decision Support to Reduce the Risk of Torsades de Pointes.
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Gallo T, Heise CW, Woosley RL, Tisdale JE, Antonescu CC, Gephart SM, and Malone DC
- Subjects
- Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Risk Factors, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Torsades de Pointes prevention & control
- Abstract
Objectives: Clinical decision support (CDS) can potentially help clinicians identify and manage patients who are at risk for torsades de pointes (TdP). However, computer alerts are often ignored and might contribute to alert fatigue. The goals of this project were to create an advanced TdP CDS advisory that presents patient-specific, relevant information, including 1-click management options, and to determine clinician satisfaction with the CDS., Methods: The advanced TdP CDS was developed and implemented across a health system comprising 29 hospitals. The advisory presents patient-specific information including relevant risk factors, laboratory values, and 1-click options to help manage the condition in high-risk patients. A short electronic survey was created to gather clinician feedback on the advisory., Results: After implementation, an email invitation to complete the anonymous advisory-related survey was sent to 442 clinicians who received the advisory. Among the 38 respondents, feedback was generally positive, with 79% of respondents reporting that the advisory helps them care for their patients and 87% responding that alternative actions for them to consider were clearly specified. However, 46% of respondents indicated the alert appeared too frequently., Conclusions: Advanced TdP risk CDS that provides relevant, patient-specific information and 1-click management options can be generally viewed favorably by clinicians who receive the advisory., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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45. Graphene as an Adsorption Template for Studying Double Bond Activation in Catalysis.
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Boix V, Xu W, D'Acunto G, Stubbe J, Gallo T, Døvre Strømsheim M, Zhu S, Scardamaglia M, Shavorskiy A, Reuter K, Andersen M, and Knudsen J
- Abstract
Hydrogenated graphene (H-Gr) is an extensively studied system not only because of its capabilities as a simplified model system for hydrocarbon chemistry but also because hydrogenation is a compelling method for Gr functionalization. However, knowledge of how H-Gr interacts with molecules at higher pressures and ambient conditions is lacking. Here we present experimental and theoretical evidence that room temperature O
2 exposure at millibar pressures leads to preferential removal of H dimers on H-functionalized graphene, leaving H clusters on the surface. Our density functional theory (DFT) analysis shows that the removal of H dimers is the result of water or hydrogen peroxide formation. For water formation, we show that the two H atoms in the dimer motif attack one end of the physisorbed O2 molecule. Moreover, by comparing the reaction pathways in a vacuum with the ones on free-standing graphene and on the graphene/Ir(111) system, we find that the main role of graphene is to arrange the H atoms in geometrical positions, which facilitates the activation of the O=O double bond., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)- Published
- 2022
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46. Clinician Responses to a Clinical Decision Support Advisory for High Risk of Torsades de Pointes.
- Author
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Gallo T, Heise CW, Woosley RL, Tisdale JE, Tan MS, Gephart SM, Antonescu CC, and Malone DC
- Subjects
- DNA-Binding Proteins, Electrocardiography, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Long QT Syndrome chemically induced, Torsades de Pointes chemically induced, Torsades de Pointes diagnosis
- Abstract
Background Torsade de pointes (TdP) is a potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia that is often drug induced. Clinical decision support (CDS) may help minimize TdP risk by guiding decision making in patients at risk. CDS has been shown to decrease prescribing of high-risk medications in patients at risk of TdP, but alerts are often ignored. Other risk-management options can potentially be incorporated in TdP risk CDS. Our goal was to evaluate actions clinicians take in response to a CDS advisory that uses a modified Tisdale QT risk score and presents management options that are easily selected (eg, single click). Methods and Results We implemented an inpatient TdP risk advisory systemwide across a large health care system comprising 30 hospitals. This CDS was programmed to appear when prescribers attempted ordering medications with a known risk of TdP in a patient with a QT risk score ≥12. The CDS displayed patient-specific information and offered relevant management options including canceling offending medications and ordering electrolyte replacement protocols or ECGs. We retrospectively studied the actions clinicians took within the advisory and separated by drug class. During an 8-month period, 7794 TdP risk advisories were issued. Antibiotics were the most frequent trigger of the advisory (n=2578, 33.1%). At least 1 action was taken within the advisory window for 2700 (34.6%) of the advisories. The most frequent action taken was ordering an ECG (n=1584, 20.3%). Incoming medication orders were canceled in 793 (10.2%) of the advisories. The frequency of each action taken varied by drug class ( P <0.05 for all actions). Conclusions A modified Tisdale QT risk score-based CDS that offered relevant single-click management options yielded a high action/response rate. Actions taken by clinicians varied depending on the class of the medication that evoked the TdP risk advisory, but the most frequent was ordering an ECG.
- Published
- 2022
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47. The cobalt oxidation state in preferential CO oxidation on CoO x /Pt(111) investigated by operando X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
- Author
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Rattigan E, Sun Z, Gallo T, Nino MA, Parreiras SO, Martín-Fuentes C, Martin-Romano JC, Écija D, Escudero C, Villar I, Rodríguez-Fernández J, and Lauritsen JV
- Abstract
The combination of a reducible transition metal oxide and a noble metal such as Pt often leads to active low-temperature catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in excess H
2 gas (PROX reaction). While CO oxidation has been investigated for such systems in model studies, the added influence of hydrogen gas, representative of PROX, remains less explored. Herein, we use ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on a CoOx /Pt(111) planar model catalyst to analyze the active phase and the adsorbed species at the CoOx /Pt(111) interface under atmospheres of CO and O2 with a varying partial pressure of H2 gas. By following the evolution of the Co oxidation state as the catalyst is brought to a reaction temperature of above 150 °C, we determine that the active state is characterized by the transformation from planar CoO with Co in the 2+ state to a mixed Co2+ /Co3+ phase at the temperature where CO2 production is first observed. Furthermore, our spectroscopy observations of the surface species suggest a reaction pathway for CO oxidation, proceeding from CO exclusively adsorbed on Co2+ sites reacting with the lattice O from the oxide. Under steady state CO oxidation conditions (CO/O2 ), the mixed oxide phase is replenished from oxygen incorporating into cobalt oxide nanoislands. In CO/O2 /H2 , however, the onset of the active Co2+ /Co3+ phase formation is surprisingly sensitive to the H2 pressure, which we explain by the formation of several possible hydroxylated intermediate phases that expose both Co2+ and Co3+ . This variation, however, has no influence on the temperature where CO oxidation is observed. Our study points to the general importance of a dynamic reducibility window of cobalt oxide, which is influenced by hydroxylation, and the bonding strength of CO to the reduced oxide phase as important parameters for the activity of the system.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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48. Characterization of doctor of pharmacy/health informatics dual degrees in the United States.
- Author
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Ngo PQ, Bajaj SK, Hincapie AL, Gallo T, Clauson KA, Holdford DA, and Salgado TM
- Subjects
- Humans, Schools, Pharmacy, United States, Education, Pharmacy, Medical Informatics, Pharmacy, Students, Pharmacy
- Abstract
Introduction: Health care is trending towards an increasing reliance on data management, technology, analytics, and automation which is also reflected in pharmacy education. This study aimed to identify and characterize doctor of pharmacy (PharmD)/master of science in health informatics (MSHI) dual-degree offerings at pharmacy institutions within the United States (US)., Methods: A list of PharmD/MSHI programs was obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and the Pharmacy College Application Service. Furthermore, websites of the 143 accredited schools and colleges of pharmacy in the US were inspected to identify additional PharmD/MSHI dual degrees not identified with the previous sources and to verify that the dual degree was being actively offered at each institution. A 26-item questionnaire focusing on program structure, admissions, and output was developed and administered to program representatives via phone interview. Descriptive statistics were calculated., Results: Thirteen schools offering a PharmD/MSHI dual degree were identified, of which 10 participated (response rate = 77%). All programs were created within the last 10 years. Programs were similar in terms of admission requirements such as grade point average thresholds and standardized testing. Variances existed in program structure and output, such as accreditation status and number of enrollees/graduates., Conclusions: Although health informatics has become more prominent in health care, health informatics education is not yet as pervasive in the pharmacy field. The information collected may be useful for schools considering implementing or modifying their own dual degree program or for students who are interested in health informatics-specialized educational opportunities., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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49. Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization.
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Gallo T, Fidino M, Gerber B, Ahlers AA, Angstmann JL, Amaya M, Concilio AL, Drake D, Gay D, Lehrer EW, Murray MH, Ryan TJ, St Clair CC, Salsbury CM, Sander HA, Stankowich T, Williamson J, Belaire JA, Simon K, and Magle SB
- Subjects
- Animals, Cities, Mammals, Population Density, Ecosystem, Urbanization
- Abstract
Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known ecological theories like niche partitioning and predator-prey dynamics. Yet, changes in animal behavior within the shorter 24-hr light-dark cycle have largely gone unstudied. Understanding if an animal can adjust their temporal activity to mitigate or adapt to environmental change has become a recent topic of discussion and is important for effective wildlife management and conservation. While spatial habitat is a fundamental consideration in wildlife management and conservation, temporal habitat is often ignored. We formulated a temporal resource selection model to quantify the diel behavior of 8 mammal species across 10 US cities. We found high variability in diel activity patterns within and among species and species-specific correlations between diel activity and human population density, impervious land cover, available greenspace, vegetation cover, and mean daily temperature. We also found that some species may modulate temporal behaviors to manage both natural and anthropogenic risks. Our results highlight the complexity with which temporal activity patterns interact with local environmental characteristics, and suggest that urban mammals may use time along the 24-hr cycle to reduce risk, adapt, and therefore persist, and in some cases thrive, in human-dominated ecosystems., Competing Interests: TG, MF, BG, AA, JA, MA, AC, DD, DG, EL, MM, TR, CS, CS, HS, TS, JW, JB, KS, SM No competing interests declared
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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50. Strolling through a Century: Replicating Historical Bird Surveys to Explore 100 Years of Change in an Urban Bird Community.
- Author
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Fidino M, Limbrick K, Bender J, Gallo T, and Magle SB
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Cities, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Birds
- Abstract
AbstractIn 1898, Herbert and Alice Walter started a 5-year survey of birds in Lincoln Park-the largest park in Chicago, Illinois-and summarized their data in an urban birding field guide, Wild Birds in City Parks . Twenty-nine years later, William Dreuth compared the relative frequency of species in the Walters' study to that in his own 5-year Lincoln Park survey. Between 2012 and 2015, we replicated these surveys to investigate a century of bird diversity and community composition change in urban Chicago. While species richness did not change, community composition did. We found that (1) species with a greater diet breadth and (2) species that increased in statewide occupancy were more likely to increase in frequency over time. We conclude that factors at multiple scales brought temporal changes to Chicago's bird community. Overall, this survey highlights the slow and subtle ways in which species may respond to a century of urban intensification.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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