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Introduction: The primary objective of this work is to produce a USGS geologic map at 1:1,000,000 (1:1M) scale from 18.5° W to 9.5° E and 0° N to 16° N, which includes the pyroclastic dark mantle deposits (DMDs) in Sinus Aestuum, Rima Bode, and Mare Vaporum. For this mapping project, we are using multiple data sets to better refine the extent of pyroclastics for these three DMDs, map and determine the compositions of the mare and highlands within our study region, perform crater counting to establish ages, explore the geologic setting and history of the mapping region, identify and measure the dimensions of plausible source vents for the DMDs, and attempt to characterize the eruption(s) that emplaced each DMD. An improved understanding of the distribution, geologic setting, and eruptions conditions that produced the pyroclastic deposits that will be gained through stratigraphic, morphologic and mineralogic characterization has the potential to reveal important information about the thermal and volcanic history of the Moon. Current Status of Map: We have completed one year of mapping on this project (Figure 1) using the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Wide Angle Cameras (WAC) basemap at 100 m/pixel scale, with ancillary data from the LRO Laser Altimeter (LOLA) topography, Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M³) mosaics from Chandrayaan-1, Kaguya Terrain Camera (TC) and Multiband Imager (MI) MAP mosaics, and Arecibo and LRO Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) radar image data. All craters >500 m in diameter have been mapped, and larger craters have been mapped in detail, including their central peaks, smooth floors, ejecta, and other materials. The DMDs have been mapped using the lower reflectance seen in the WAC and TC images, along with spectral/color difference between the unmantled highlands and those covered by pyroclastics using the MI MAP and M³ data. The spinel signature observed in M³ data from the Sinus Aestuum DMD [1] has been used to map and distinguish the DMDs that contain spinel from those that do not. Mare units were mapped where smooth and flat-lying materials are observed, and color differences between highlands and mare units in MI MAP and M³ images supported mapping unit contacts. Different mare units were distinguished based on color differences related to variations in TiO2 and FeO abundance. Several highland units were mapped based on roughness, topography, relative brightness, and presence or absence of lineations, comparable to those mapped previously [e.g., 2]. Surface features mapped include secondary craters and crater rays marked by bright ejecta. Numerous linear features were mapped, such as sinuous rilles, wrinkle ridges, and grabens. Irregular craters that could be volcanic vents from which the DMDs erupted were also identified and we intend to characterize these in more detail in the next year of this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The primary objective of this work is to produce a USGS geologic map at 1:1,000,000 (1:1M) scale from 18.5° W to 9.5° E and 0° N to 16° N, which includes the pyroclastic dark mantle deposits (DMDs) in Sinus Aestuum, Rima Bode, and Mare Vaporum. For this mapping project, we are using multiple data sets to better refine the extent of pyroclastics for these three DMDs, map and determine the compositions of the mare and highlands within our study region, perform crater counting to establish ages, explore the geologic setting and history of the mapping region, identify and measure the dimensions of plausible source vents for the DMDs, and attempt to characterize the eruption(s) that emplaced each DMD. An improved understanding of the distribution, geologic setting, and eruptions conditions that produced the pyroclastic deposits that will be gained through stratigraphic, morphologic and mineralogic characterization has the potential to reveal important information about the thermal and volcanic history of the Moon. Current Status of Map: We have completed one year of mapping on this project (Figure 1) using the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Wide Angle Cameras (WAC) basemap at 100 m/pixel scale, with ancillary data from the LRO Laser Altimeter (LOLA) topography, Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M³) mosaics from Chandrayaan-1, Kaguya Terrain Camera (TC) and Multiband Imager (MI) MAP mosaics, and Arecibo and LRO Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) radar image data. All craters >500 m in diameter have been mapped, and larger craters have been mapped in detail, including their central peaks, smooth floors, ejecta, and other materials. The DMDs have been mapped using the lower reflectance seen in the WAC and TC images, along with spectral/color difference between the unmantled highlands and those covered by pyroclastics using the MI MAP and M³ data. The spinel signature observed in M³ data from the Sinus Aestuum DMD [1] has been used to map and distinguish the DMDs that contain spinel from those that do not. Mare units were mapped where smooth and flat-lying materials are observed, and color differences between highlands and mare units in MI MAP and M³ images supported mapping unit contacts. Different mare units were distinguished based on color differences related to variations in TiO2 and FeO abundance. Several highland units were mapped based on roughness, topography, relative brightness, and presence or absence of lineations, comparable to those mapped previously [e.g., 2]. Surface features mapped include secondary craters and crater rays marked by bright ejecta. Numerous linear features were mapped, such as sinuous rilles, wrinkle ridges, and grabens. Irregular craters that could be volcanic vents from which the DMDs erupted were also identified and we intend to characterize these in more detail in the next year of this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease. It is not the same as physical dependence (i.e., withdrawal) and tolerance, but is characterized by loss of control over the use of the substance, continued use despite consequences, compulsive use, and cravings. Addiction involves functional changes to brain pathways involved in reward, stress and learning, and these changes can last a long time after the addictive substance is no longer used. Repeated interruption of normal brain function from repetitive use of addictive substances can hijack normal reward mechanisms resulting in fundamental alterations in brain structure and function. Over time, addictive substances can bring about a false fixed prediction error that cannot be rectified during learning. And, for individuals who develop an addiction, initial impulsive drug use progresses to compulsive drug use and this progression also has neurobiological underpinnings. Drug addiction is partly heritable, although there is no single gene coding specifically for the disease of addiction. Genetic factors contribute to a vulnerability to develop both addiction and addiction comorbidities, and play an appreciable role in responses to and metabolism of addictive substances, and most likely, the experience of rewarding effects. Patients with pain who are addicted to opioids have, in addition to the pain disorder, a chronic relapsing brain disease that can be life-threatening. Addiction can be treated and controlled, but not cured. Treatment of pain in individuals with addiction is a complex clinical challenge. Holistic assessment, interprofessional approaches, use of established guidelines, and non-pharmacological complementary modalities are needed., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Kaguya spacecraft carried a suite of instruments to map the Moon and its environment globally. During its extended mission, the average altitude was 50 km or lower, and Kaguya science products using these data hence have an increased spatial resolution. However, the geodetic position quality of these products is much worse than that of those acquired during the primary mission (at an altitude of 100 km) because of reduced radiometric tracking and frequent thrusting to maintain spacecraft attitude after the loss of momentum wheels. We have analyzed the Kaguya tracking data using gravity models based on the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission, and by making use of a new data type based on laser altimeter data collected by Kaguya: we adjust the spacecraft orbit such that the altimetry tracks fit a precise topographic basemap based on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's (LRO) Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data. This results in geodetically accurate orbits tied to the precise LOLA/LRO frame. Whereas previously archived orbits show errors at the level of several a level of several tens of meters. When altimetry data are not available, the combination of GRAIL gravity and radio tracking results in an orbit precision of around several hundreds of meters for the low-altitude phase of the extended mission. Our greatly improved orbits result in better geolocation of the Kaguya extended mission data set.

Rationale: Pro-cognitive agents for chronic psychotic disorders (CPDs) might be detected via experimental medicine models, in which neural targets engaged by the drug predict sensitivity to the drug's pro-cognitive effects., Objective: This study aims to use an experimental medicine model to test the hypothesis that "target engagement" predicts pro-cognitive effects of the NMDA antagonist, memantine (MEM), in CPDs., Methods: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) performance was assessed in CPD (n = 41) and healthy subjects (HS; n = 41) in a double-blind, randomized cross-over design of acute (single dose) MEM (placebo vs. 10 or 20 mg p.o.). Measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) and mismatch negativity previously reported from this cohort substantiated target engagement. Biomarkers predicting MEM neurocognitive sensitivity were assessed., Results: Testing confirmed MCCB deficits associated with CPD diagnosis, age, and anticholinergic exposure. MEM (20 mg p.o.) reduced MCCB performance in HS. To control for significant test order effects, an "order-corrected MEM effect" (OCME) was calculated. In CPD subjects, greater age, positive MEM effects on PPI, and SNP rs1337697 (within the ionotropic NMDA receptor gene, GRIN3A) predicted greater positive OCME with 20 mg MEM., Conclusions: An experimental medicine model to assess acute pro-cognitive drug effects in CPD subjects is feasible but not without challenges. A single MEM 20 mg dose had a negative impact on neurocognition among HS. In CPD patients, age, MEM effects on PPI, and rs1337697 predicted sensitivity to the neurocognitive effects of MEM. Any potential clinical utility of these predictive markers for pro-cognitive effects of MEM in subgroups of CPD patients cannot be inferred without a validating clinical trial., Competing Interests: The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.