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1. Transporting MIL-STD-1553 Signals by Means of Optical Wireless Interfaces

Author

G. Cossu, L. Gilli, E. Ertunc, and E. Ciaramella

Subjects
Wireless communication, light emitting diode, vertical cavity surface-emitting, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

Today, the on-board Spacecraft (SC) communication requires an impressive network of massive wires, both in flight and in the Assembly Integration and Test (AIT) phase. Here, we present the design and the experimental characterization of novel Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) transceivers compatible with MIL-STD-1553B, which is the shared bus predominantly deployed in SCs. Each transceiver works as an interface that transports the bipolar Manchester-coded signal by converting it to/from the optical domain. These OWC interfaces can effectively reduce the overall weight and cost of the SC and can also largely decrease the AIT time. Since they are fully analog and do not need any microprocessors or Digital Signal Processing, they have a small footprint and a very low power consumption. We initially characterize the transceivers using a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal, then we used them to replace a cable and connect a pair of test units, transmitting MIL-STD-1553B signals: the measurements show that our solution has a good power budget (+65dB), which will allow the interoperability with MIL-STD-1553B boards in a wide range of scenarios. Furthermore, it is realized by means of commercially available components; it could also be implemented by using proven space-graded devices.

Published
2022
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2. Endoscopic treatment of spinal arachnoid cysts

Author

K. Papadimitriou, G. Cossu, R. Maduri, M. Valerio, S. Vamadevan, R.T. Daniel, and M. Messerer

Subjects
Spinal arachnoid cyst, Endoscopy, Outcome, Shunt, Surgery, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Background/objective: Spinal arachnoid cysts (SAC) are intradural lesions, which may provoke a compression of the spinal cord and roots. Endoscopic techniques are increasingly used to minimize the surgical access and the postoperative scar tissue. Shunts may also represent an option. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the technique of endoscopic-assisted fenestration and positioning of a cysto-peritoneal diversion in a thoracic SAC using a flexible endoscope and to perform a systematic literature review on this subject. Material and methods: We reported our case and we performed a review of the literature, searching for all the adult cases of Type III SACs in English language treated through endoscopic procedures. Results: We found 5 articles matching our search criteria and we included 9 adult patients in our analysis. Six patients were females and the most common localization was the thoracic spine. Six patients underwent selective laminectomies followed by endoscopic fenestration without cyst wall resection. Three patients had a percutaneous endoscopic inspection of the cyst and in two cases a cysto-subarachnoid shunt space was performed. Improvement of pre-operative neurological deficit was reported in six patients, no patients experienced clinical deterioration. The mean follow-up was 22 months and no progression or recurrence was reported. Conclusion: The implementation of endoscopy allows a minimally invasive treatments with good visualization of cyst anatomy and precise shunt positioning under real-time guidance. Endoscopy is technically demanding but it can offer similar clinical outcomes when compared to microscopic procedures with a limited rate of post-operative complications.The long-term risk of recurrence should be established by prospective studies.

Published
2021
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4. Design and Assessment of a 2.5-Gb/s Optical Wireless Transmission System for High Energy Physics

Author

W. Ali, G. Cossu, A. Sturniolo, R. DellOrso, A. Messineo, F. Palla, and E. Ciaramella

Subjects
Free-space optical, high energy physics (HEP) instrumentation, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

We designed, realized, and tested a 2.5-Gb/s optical wireless communication (OWC) system prototype, that should be employed in high energy physics (HEP) experiments, such as the compact muon solenoid (CMS). The system consists of off-the-shelf components, mainly a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and a PIN photodiode with a proper ball lens. Since it should be used to transmit data among particle sensors in neighboring rings of the CMS, its target distance is 10 cm. Its most attractive feature is that it does not require a (complex) active tracking system because its measured tolerance to misalignment is around $\pm$ 1 mm (at $10^{-12}$ bit error rate). We also report the X-rays irradiation tests of all components (Quartz lens, VCSEL, and PIN photodiode): None of them showed any degradation up till 238-Mrad (Si) dose. These results indicate that the designed OWC can be a viable solution for future HEP experiments.

Published
2017
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5. TRIP13 localizes to synapsed chromosomes and functions as a dosage-sensitive regulator of meiosis

Author

Jessica Y Chotiner, N Adrian Leu, Fang Yang, Isabella G Cossu, Yongjuan Guan, Huijuan Lin, and P Jeremy Wang

Subjects
TRIP13, meiosis, spermatogenesis, fertility, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Meiotic progression requires coordinated assembly and disassembly of protein complexes involved in chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination. Mouse TRIP13 and its ortholog Pch2 are instrumental in remodeling HORMA domain proteins. HORMAD proteins are associated with unsynapsed chromosome axes but depleted from the synaptonemal complex (SC) of synapsed homologs. Here we report that TRIP13 localizes to the synapsed SC in early pachytene spermatocytes and to telomeres throughout meiotic prophase I. Loss of TRIP13 leads to meiotic arrest and thus sterility in both sexes. Trip13-null meiocytes exhibit abnormal persistence of HORMAD1 and HOMRAD2 on synapsed SC and chromosome asynapsis that preferentially affects XY and centromeric ends. These major phenotypes are consistent with reported phenotypes of Trip13 hypomorph alleles. Trip13 heterozygous mice exhibit meiotic defects that are less severe than the Trip13-null mice, showing that TRIP13 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of meiosis. Localization of TRIP13 to the synapsed SC is independent of SC axial element proteins such as REC8 and SYCP2/SYCP3. Terminal FLAG-tagged TRIP13 proteins are functional and recapitulate the localization of native TRIP13 to SC and telomeres. Therefore, the evolutionarily conserved localization of TRIP13/Pch2 to the synapsed chromosomes provides an explanation for dissociation of HORMA domain proteins upon synapsis in diverse organisms.

Published
2024
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6. The DOT1L-MLLT10 complex regulates male fertility and promotes histone removal during spermiogenesis

Author

Huijuan Lin, Isabella G. Cossu, N. Adrian Leu, Aniruddha J. Deshpande, Kathrin M. Bernt, Mengcheng Luo, and P. Jeremy Wang

Subjects
Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Histone modifications regulate chromatin remodeling and gene expression in development and diseases. DOT1L, the sole histone H3K79 methyltransferase, is essential for embryonic development. Here, we report that DOT1L regulates male fertility in mouse. DOT1L associates with MLLT10 in testis. DOT1L and MLLT10 localize to the sex chromatin in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells in an inter-dependent manner. Loss of either DOT1L or MLLT10 leads to reduced testis weight, decreased sperm count and male subfertility. H3K79me2 is abundant in elongating spermatids, which undergo the dramatic histone-to-protamine transition. Both DOT1L and MLLT10 are essential for H3K79me2 modification in germ cells. Strikingly, histones are substantially retained in epididymal sperm from either DOT1L- or MLLT10-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that H3K79 methylation promotes histone replacement during spermiogenesis.

Published
2023
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7. Observation of approximate SU(2) and SU(2n) symmetries in high temperature lattice QCD

Author

G. Cossu, Shoji Hashimoto, Hidenori Fukaya, Leonid Ya. Glozman, Christian Rohrhofer, Yasumichi Aoki, Sasa Prelovsek, and Christian B. Lang

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Isovector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Lattice field theory, Fermion, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, 010306 general physics, Special unitary group
Abstract

We study spatial isovector J = 1 meson correlators in nf = 2 QCD with dynamical domain-wall fermions on 323 × 8 lattices at temperatures T = 220–380 MeV. We observe an approximate degeneracy of all considered correlators with increasing temperature. This approximate degeneracy suggests emergent SU(2)CS and SU(2nf) symmetries at high temperatures, that mix left- and right-handed quarks. Since these symmetries are symmetries of the chromo-electric interaction in QCD we conclude that at 2Tc temperature the elementary objects are quarks with a definite chirality connected by the chromo-electric field.

Published
2019
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9. Study of the axial U(1) anomaly at high temperature with lattice chiral fermions

Author

Yasumichi Aoki, C. Rohrhofer, Shoji Hashimoto, Sinya Aoki, G. Cossu, Hidenori Fukaya, T. Kaneko, and Kei Suzuki

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Baryon, Particle physics, Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Lattice (order), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Fermion, Symmetry breaking, U-1
Abstract

We investigate the axial $U(1)$ anomaly of two-flavor QCD at temperatures 190--330 MeV. In order to preserve precise chiral symmetry on the lattice, we employ the M\"obius domain-wall fermion action as well as overlap fermion action implemented with a stochastic reweighting technique. Compared to our previous studies, we reduce the lattice spacing to 0.07 fm, simulate larger multiple volumes to estimate finite size effect, and take more than four quark mass points, including one below physical point to investigate the chiral limit. We measure the topological susceptibility, axial $U(1)$ susceptibility, and examine the degeneracy of $U(1)$ partners in meson/baryon correlators. All the data above the critical temperature indicate that the axial $U(1)$ violation is consistent with zero within statistical errors. The quark mass dependence suggests disappearance of the $U(1)$ anomaly at a rate comparable to that of the $SU(2{)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2{)}_{R}$ symmetry breaking.

Published
2021
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10. Axial U(1) symmetry and mesonic correlators at high temperature in $N_f=2$ lattice QCD

Author

Sinya Aoki, Yasumichi Aoki, Kei Suzuki, Hidenori Fukaya, Christian Rohrhofer, G. Cossu, and Shoji Hashimoto

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Particle physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Lattice QCD, U-1, Symmetry (physics)
Abstract

We investigate the high-temperature phase of QCD using lattice QCD simulations with $N_f = 2$ dynamical M\"obius domain-wall fermions. On generated configurations, we study the axial $U(1)$ symmetry, overlap-Dirac spectra, screening masses from mesonic correlators, and topological susceptibility. We find that some of the observables are quite sensitive to lattice artifacts due to a small violation of the chiral symmetry. For those observables, we reweight the M\"obius domain-wall fermion determinant by that of the overlap fermion. We also check the volume dependence of observables. Our data near the chiral limit indicates a strong suppression of the axial $U(1)$ anomaly at temperatures $\geq$ 220 MeV., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2019), 16-22 June 2019, Wuhan, China

Published
2020
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11. Machine learning determination of dynamical parameters: The Ising model case

Author

Luigi Del Debbio, Ava Khamseh, Michael Wilson, G. Cossu, and Tommaso Giani

Subjects
Monte Carlo method, Boltzmann machine, hep-lat, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Lattice, 0103 physical sciences, Statistical physics, cond-mat.stat-mech, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Mathematics, Hyperparameter, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), Estimator, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Expression (computer science), Partition function (mathematics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, physics.comp-ph, Ising model, 0210 nano-technology, Physics - Computational Physics, Importance sampling
Abstract

We train a set of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) on one- and two-dimensional Ising spin configurations at various values of temperature, generated using Monte Carlo simulations. We validate the training procedure by monitoring several estimators, including measurements of the log-likelihood, with the corresponding partition functions estimated using annealed importance sampling. The effects of various choices of hyper-parameters on training the RBM are discussed in detail, with a generic prescription provided. Finally, we present a closed form expression for extracting the values of couplings, for every $n$-point interaction between the visible nodes of an RBM, in a binary system such as the Ising model. We aim at using this study as the foundation for further investigations of less well-known systems., 31 pages

Published
2019
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12. Symmetries of spatial meson correlators in high temperature QCD

Author

Shoji Hashimoto, G. Cossu, Yasumichi Aoki, Christian B. Lang, Christof Gattringer, Sasa Prelovsek, Hidenori Fukaya, L. Ya. Glozman, and Christian Rohrhofer

Subjects
Quark, High Energy Physics - Theory, Particle physics, Meson, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Lattice, 0103 physical sciences, Symmetry breaking, 010306 general physics, Multiplet, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Isovector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Fermion, 530 Physik, Gluon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Abstract

Based on a complete set of $J = 0$ and $J=1$ spatial isovector correlation functions calculated with $N_F = 2$ domain wall fermions we identify an intermediate temperature regime of $T \sim 220 - 500$ MeV ($1.2T_c$--$2.8T_c$), where chiral symmetry is restored but the correlators are not yet compatible with a simple free quark behavior. More specifically, in the temperature range $T \sim 220 - 500$ MeV we identify a multiplet structure of spatial correlators that suggests emergent $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(4)$ symmetries, which are not symmetries of the free Dirac action. The symmetry breaking effects in this temperature range are less than 5%. Our results indicate that at these temperatures the chromo-magnetic interaction is suppressed and the elementary degrees of freedom are chirally symmetric quarks bound into color-singlet objects by the chromo-electric component of the gluon field. At temperatures between 500 and 660 MeV the emergent $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(4)$ symmetries disappear and one observes a smooth transition to the regime above $T \sim 1$ GeV where only chiral symmetries survive, which are finally compatible with quasi-free quarks., A new figure and discussion added. Accepted for publication in PRD

Published
2019

13. Strong dynamics with matter in multiple representations: SU(4) gauge theory with fundamental and sextet fermions

Author

David Preti, Marco Panero, G. Cossu, and Luigi Del Debbio

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics beyond the Standard Model, High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-lat, Dirac operator, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Lattice, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Gauge theory, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Antisymmetric relation, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), Observable, hep-ph, Fermion, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Fundamental representation, symbols
Abstract

We present a non-perturbative lattice study of SU(4) gauge theory with two flavors of fermions in the fundamental representation and two in the two-index antisymmetric representation: a theory closely related to a minimal partial-compositeness model for physics beyond the Standard Model, that was proposed by G. Ferretti. We discuss the phase structure of the lattice theory and report results for various observables of interest, including the masses of states obtained from different combinations of valence fermions and the spectrum of the Dirac operator. Finally, we comment on the extension of this type of studies to other partial-compositeness models (including, in particular, one that was recently suggested by H. Gertov et al.), which could admit lighter top-quark partners, highlighting some key features of our lattice simulation algorithm, that make it suitable for such generalizations., 38 pages, 7 tables, 8 figures, published version

Published
2019
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15. Axial U(1) symmetry, topology, and Dirac spectra at high temperature in $N_f=2$ lattice QCD

Author

Sinya Aoki, Yasumichi Aoki, G. Cossu, Hidenori Fukaya, Shoji Hashimoto, and Kei Suzuki

Subjects
Quark, Physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Dirac (software), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), FOS: Physical sciences, Lattice QCD, Fermion, Gauge (firearms), Topology, Symmetry (physics), High Energy Physics - Lattice, U-1, Topological quantum number
Abstract

Using lattice QCD simulations with $N_f = 2$ dynamical fermions, we study the axial $U(1)$ symmetry, topological charge, and Dirac eigenvalue spectra in the high-temperature phase in which the chiral symmetry is restored. Our gauge ensembles are generated with M\"obius domain-wall fermions, but the measurements such as susceptibilities are reweighted to those for the overlap fermions by using overlap/domain-wall reweighting technique. We find that the $U(1)_A$ and topological susceptibilities are strongly suppressed in the small quark mass region, which is related to the reduction of chiral-zero and low-nonzero modes on the Dirac spectra. We also examine their volume dependence., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; Proceedings of The 9th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics (CD18), 17-21 September, 2018, Durham, NC, USA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1812.06621

Published
2019
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16. Meson correlation functions at high temperature QCD: $SU(2)_{CS}$ symmetry vs. free quarks

Author

Sasa Prelovsek, Leonid Ya. Glozman, Yasumichi Aoki, Shoji Hashimoto, G. Cossu, and Christian Rohrhofer

Subjects
Quark, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Particle physics, Isovector, Meson, Nuclear Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, Symmetry (physics), Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Special unitary group
Abstract

We report on the progress of understanding spatial correlation functions in high temperature QCD. We study isovector meson operators in $N_f=2$ QCD using domain-wall fermions on lattices of $N_s=32$ and different quark masses. It has previously been found that at $\sim 2T_c$ these observables are not only chirally symmetric but in addition approximately $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(4)$ symmetric. In this study we increase the temperature up to $5T_c$ and can identify convergence towards an asymptotically free scenario at very high temperatures., 7 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in proceedings of the LATTICE2018 conference

Published
2018

18. D1.4 Oesophageal tissue engineering: preliminary evaluation of a 2 stage surgical approach in a mouse model

Author

D Phylactopoulos, P De Coppi, P Bonfanti, Luca Urbani, Claire Crowley, Edward Hannon, Federico Scottoni, Simon Eaton, C Camilli, and G Cossu

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Neural crest, Immunofluorescence, Tissue engineering, In vivo, Medicine, Implant, Stem cell, Progenitor cell, business, Ex vivo
Abstract

Background Oesophageal atresia is a birth defect occurring in approximately 1 in 2500 live births. Tissue engineering is a promising therapeutic alternative for those patients requiring oesophageal replacement. Aim of this study is to evaluate the engraftment in vivo of the muscle compartment of an engineered rat oesophagus in a mouse model of heterotopic xeno-genic implant and to prove its capability to grow an epithelial layer ex vivo. Methods The detergent-enzymatic protocol was used to produce decellulirised rat oesophagi. Those were subsequently repopulated with smooth muscle (human mesoangioblasts) and neural (mouse neural crest stem cells) precursor. A 3D culture protocol in a bioreactor was used to maximise the cells engraftment, proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 4 engineered oesophagi were implanted in 4 immunodeficient mice and left in situ. After 2 weeks the animals were euthanised and the engineered organs harvested and seeded, on the luminal surface, with epithelial progenitors derived from rat oesophagi. Results Engraftment, proliferation and differentiation of both muscle and neural cells were achieved during the initial in vitro culture as evident from the immunofluorescence. Those features were also preserved after the implant in the mice omentum. The immunofluorescence showed the presence of new vessels inside the artificial oesophagi when harvested from the mice. The engineered oesophagi were able to grow an epithelial layer when progenitors were seeded ex vivo. Conclusion The effectiveness of the in vivo implant of the engineered oesophagi was demonstrated, underlying the survival of both muscle and neural cells thanks to angiogenetic phenomena. The generation, ex vivo, of an epithelial layer is really promising, making realistic a 2 stage surgical approach for clinical translation.

Published
2017
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19. Evidence of effective axial U(1) symmetry restoration at high temperature QCD

Author

T. Kaneko, Hidenori Fukaya, Junichi Noaki, Sinya Aoki, G. Cossu, Akio Tomiya, and Shoji Hashimoto

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Chiral anomaly, Condensed matter physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Critical phenomena, Lattice field theory, Fermion, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Symmetry breaking, 010306 general physics, Chiral symmetry breaking
Abstract

We study the axial $U(1)$ symmetry at a finite temperature in two-flavor lattice QCD. Employing the M\"obius domain-wall fermions, we generate gauge configurations slightly above the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ with different lattice sizes $L=2--4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$. Our action allows frequent topology tunneling while keeping good chiral symmetry close enough to that of overlap fermions. This allows us to recover full chiral symmetry by an overlap/domain-wall reweighting. Above the phase transition, a strong suppression of the low-lying modes is observed in both overlap and domain-wall Dirac spectra. We, however, find a sizable violation of the Ginsparg-Wilson relation in the M\"obius domain-wall Dirac eigenmodes, which dominates the signals of the axial $U(1)$ symmetry breaking near the chiral limit. We also find that the use of the overlap fermion only in the valence sector is dangerous since it suffers from the artifacts due to partial quenching. Reweighting the M\"obius domain-wall fermion determinant to that of the overlap fermion, we observe the axial U(1) breaking to vanish in the chiral limit, which is stable against the changes of the lattice volume and lattice spacing.

Published
2017
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20. Chiral behavior of K→πlν decay form factors in lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry

Author

J. Noaki, G. Cossu, S. Hashimoto, S. Aoki, T. Kaneko, Tetsuya Onogi, Xu Feng, and Hidenori Fukaya

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Chiral perturbation theory, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Momentum transfer, Lattice field theory, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We calculate the form factors of the K→πlν semileptonic decays in three-flavor lattice QCD and study their chiral behavior as a function of the momentum transfer and the Nambu-Goldstone boson masses. Chiral symmetry is exactly preserved by using the overlap quark action, which enables us to directly compare the lattice data with chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). We generate gauge ensembles at a lattice spacing of 0.11 fm with four pion masses covering 290–540 MeV and a strange quark mass ms close to its physical value. By using the all-to-all quark propagator, we calculate the vector and scalar form factors with high precision. Their dependence on ms and the momentum transfer is studied by using the reweighting technique and the twisted boundary conditions for the quark fields. We compare the results for the semileptonic form factors with ChPT at next-to-next-to-leading order in detail. While many low-energy constants appear at this order, we make use of our data of the light meson electromagnetic form factors in order to control the chiral extrapolation. We determine the normalization of the form factors as f+(0)=0.9636(36)(-35+57) and observe reasonable agreement of their shape with experiment.

Published
2017
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21. Approximate degeneracy of $J=1$ spatial correlators in high temperature QCD

Author

Christian B. Lang, L. Ya. Glozman, G. Cossu, Hidenori Fukaya, Sasa Prelovsek, Yasumichi Aoki, Shoji Hashimoto, and Christian Rohrhofer

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Particle physics, Isovector, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Lattice field theory, ddc:530, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), FOS: Physical sciences, Fermion, 530 Physik, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, Homogeneous space, Tensor, 010306 general physics, SCREENING MASSES, FLAVOR QCD
Abstract

We study spatial isovector meson correlators in $N_f=2$ QCD with dynamical domain-wall fermions on $32^3\times 8$ lattices at temperatures $T=220-380$ MeV. We measure the correlators of spin-one ($J=1$) operators including vector, axial-vector, tensor and axial-tensor. Restoration of chiral $U(1)_A$ and $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$ symmetries of QCD implies degeneracies in vector--axial-vector ($SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$) and tensor--axial-tensor ($U(1)_A$) pairs, which are indeed observed at temperatures above $T_c$. Moreover, we observe an approximate degeneracy of all $J=1$ correlators with increasing temperature. This approximate degeneracy suggests emergent $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(4)$ symmeries at high temperatures, that mix left- and right-handed quarks., This revised version contains all corrections that will appear in the forthcoming erratum

Published
2017

22. Topological susceptibility of QCD with dynamical M\'obius domain wall fermions

Author

G. Cossu, Shoji Hashimoto, T. Kaneko, Hidenori Fukaya, and Sinya Aoki

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, B64 Lattice QCD, Condensed matter physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Lattice field theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, Charge density, B31 Symmetries and anomalies, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, B01 Spontaneous symmetry breaking, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, B38 Lattice field theories, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Exponential decay, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We compute the topological susceptibility $\chi_t$ of lattice QCD with $2+1$ dynamical quark flavors described by the M\"obius domain wall fermion. Violation of chiral symmetry as measured by the residual mass is kept at $\sim$1 MeV or smaller. We measure the fluctuation of the topological charge density in a `slab' sub-volume of the simulated lattice using the method proposed by Bietenholz {\it et al.} The quark mass dependence of $\chi_t$ is consistent with the prediction of chiral perturbation theory, from which the chiral condensate is extracted as $\Sigma^{\overline{\rm MS}} (\mbox{2GeV}) = [274(13)(29)\mbox{MeV}]^3$, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. Combining the results for the pion mass $M_\pi$ and decay constant $F_\pi$, we obtain $\chi_t = 0.229(03)(13)M_\pi^2F_\pi^2$ at the physical point., Comment: 23pages, 10figures, metadata abstract corrected

Published
2017

23. Lattice calculation of coordinate-space vector and axial-vector current correlators in QCD

Author

T. Kaneko, Junichi Noaki, Brendan Fahy, Masaaki Tomii, G. Cossu, Hidenori Fukaya, and Shoji Hashimoto

Subjects
Quark, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), Lattice field theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), Coordinate space, 010306 general physics, Pseudovector, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We study the vector and axial-vector current correlators in perturbative and non-perturbative regimes of QCD. The correlators in Euclidean coordinate space are calculated on the lattice using the M\"obius domain-wall fermion formulation at three lattice spacings covering 0.044--0.080~fm. The dynamical quark effects of $2+1$ light flavors are included. The sum $V+A$ and the difference $V-A$ of the vector ($V$) and axial-vector ($A$) current correlators calculated on the lattice after extrapolating to the physical point agree with those converted from the ALEPH experimental data of hadronic $\tau$ decays. The level of the agreement in the $V+A$ channel is about $1.3\sigma$ or smaller in the region of $|x|\ge0.4$~fm, while that in the $V-A$ channel is about $1.8\sigma$ at $|x|=0.74$~fm and smaller at other distances. We also extract the hiral condensate from the short-distance correlators on the lattice using the PCAC relation. Its result extrapolated to the chiral and continuum limit is compatible with other estimates at low energies., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures

Published
2017

24. Anderson localisation of Dirac eigenmodes in high temperature QCD

Author

Shoji Hashimoto and G. Cossu

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Anderson localization, Valence (chemistry), High Energy Physics::Lattice, Quantum electrodynamics, Lattice field theory, Gauge theory, Boundary value problem, Fermion, Dirac spectrum, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We investigate the properties of background gauge field configurations that act as disorder for the Anderson localization mechanism in the Dirac spectrum of QCD at high temperatures. We compute the eigenmodes of the M\"obius domain-wall fermion operator on configurations generated for the $SU(3)$ gauge theory with two flavors of fermions. We identify the source of localization of the eigenmodes with gauge configurations that are approximately self-dual and support local negative fluctuations of the Polyakov loop $P_L(x)$, in the bulk of $P_L\sim 1$. We investigate the dependence of these observations on the boundary conditions of the valence operator and interpret the results in terms of monopole-instanton structures. The results presented here are from \cite{Cossu:2016scb}, where we describe more details on the methods and conclusions.

Published
2017
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25. Topological Susceptibility in $N_f=2$ QCD at Finite Temperature

Author

Shoji Hashimoto, Kei Suzuki, Sinya Aoki, Yasumichi Aoki, G. Cossu, and Hidenori Fukaya

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, Operator (physics), High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), FOS: Physical sciences, Fermion, Dirac operator, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Lattice, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, Topological quantum number, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We study the topological charge in $N_f=2$ QCD at finite temperature using M\"obius domain-wall fermions. The susceptibility $\chi_t$ of the topological charge defined either by the index of overlap Dirac operator or a gluonic operator is investigated at several values of temperature $T\ (>T_c)$ varying the quark mass. A strong suppression of the susceptibility is observed below a certain value of the quark mass. The relation with the restoration of $U_A(1)$ is discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings of the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, June 18-24, 2017, Granada, Spain

Published
2017
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26. Renormalization of domain-wall bilinear operators with short-distance current correlators

Author

Takashi Kaneko, Masaaki Tomii, Hidenori Fukaya, Junichi Noaki, Shoji Hashimoto, Brendan Fahy, and G. Cossu

Subjects
Physics, Bilinear operator, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), Lattice field theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, Renormalization, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Quantum mechanics, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Operator product expansion, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), Coordinate space, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We determine the renormalization constants for flavor non-singlet fermion bilinear operators of M\"obius domain-wall fermions. The renormalization condition is imposed on the correlation functions in the coordinate space, such that the non-perturbative lattice calculation reproduces the perturbatively calculated counterpart at short distances. The perturbative expansion is precise as the coefficients are available up to $O(\alpha_s^4)$. We employ $2+1$-flavor lattice ensembles at three lattice spacings in the range 0.044--0.080~fm., Comment: 36 pages, 20 figures

Published
2016

27. Drug Prescription and Delirium in Older Inpatients: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Italian Delirium Day 2015-2016

Author

Aloisi, Gaetano, Marengoni, Alessandra, Morandi, Alessandro, Zucchelli, Alberto, Cherubini, Antonio, Mossello, Enrico, Mario, Bo, Di Santo Simona, Mazzone, Andrea, Trabucchi, Marco, Cappa, Stefano, Fimognari, Filippo, Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele, Gareri, Pietro, Perticone, Francesco, Campanini, Mauro, Montorsi, Marco, Latronico, Nicola, Zambon, Antonella, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Rispoli, Vincenzo, Malara, Alba, Spadea, Fausto, Di Cello Serena, Ceravolo, Francesco, Fabiano, Francesco, Chiaradia, Giuseppe, Gabriele, Amedeo, Lenino, Peluso, Andrea, Taristano, Settembrini, Vincenzo, Capomolla, Domenico, Citrino, Antonella, Scriva, Antonietta, Bruno, Irene, Secchi, Roberto, De Martino Eugenio, Muccinelli, Roberto, Lupi, Gerardo, Paonessa, Patrizio, Fabbri, Andrea, Passuti Maria Teresa, Castellari, Sofia, Andrea, Po, Gaggioli, Guido, Varesi, Massimo, Moneti, Paolo, Capurso, Sebastiano, Latini, Vincenzo, Ghidotti, Stefano, Riccardelli, Francesco, Macchi, Maurizio, Rigo, Rosaria, Claudio, Pascale, Bosio, Angelo, Cerrato, Flavio, Bardelli, Benedetta, Boffelli, Stefano, Cassinadri, Angela, Franzoni, Simone, Spazzini, Elena, Andretto, Daniela, Tonini, Gabriele, Andreani, Laura, Coralli, Mirco, Balotta, Antonio, Cancelliere, Roberto, Ballardini, Giorgio, Simoncelli, Margherita, Mancini, Annarita, Strazzacapa, Mara, Fabio, Stefano, De Filippi Francesco, Giudice, Chiara, Dentizzi, Cosimo, Azzini, Margherita, Cazzadori, Marco, Mastroeni, Valeria, Bertassello, Paolo, Santana, Helena, Benati, Claudia, Nesta, Elisa, Tobaldini, Chiara, Guerini, Fabio, Tambara, Elena, Mombelloni, Paolo, Fontanini, Fulvio, Lassa, Gabriella, Lassa, Pizzorni, Crosio, Oliverio, Martina, Del, Grosso, Luciano, Luca, Giavedoni, Cristina, Bidoli, Giuliano, Mazzei, Bruno, Corsonello, Andrea, Fusco, Sergio, Vena, Silvio, De Vuono Tommaso, Maiuri, Giorgio, Fimognari Filippo Luca, Arone, Andrea, Sgro, Giovanni, Nicolazzo, Rossella, Castegnaro, Eugenio, De Rosa Salvatore, Sechi Bazzano Rossella, Benvenuti, Enrico, Del Lungo Ilaria, Giardini, Sante, Giulietti, Chiara, Di Bari Mauro, Barghini, Eleonora, Paoli, Martina, Fiordelli, Irene, Barucci, Riccardo, Sgrilli, Federica, Bertoletti, Erik, D'Amico, Ferdinando, Caronzolo, Francesco, Grippa, Alessandro, Lombardo, Giuseppina, Pipicella, Tiziana, Saitta, Antonino, Corica, Francesco, Cucinotta, Valeria, Giaritta, Prestipino, Larosa, Daniela, Cucinotta, Domenico, Basile, Giorgio, March, Albert, Nitti Maria Teresa, Felici, Alessandro, Pavan, Silvia, Piazzani, Fabrizio, Lunelli, Alessandra, Dimori, Sergio, Margotta, Alessandro, Soglia, Tiziano, Postacchini, Demetrio, Brunelli, Roberto, Santini, Silvia, Francavilla, Monia, Macchiati, Ilenia, Sorvillo, Francesca, Giuli, Cinzia, Mecocci, Patrizia, Longo, Annalisa, Addesi, Desiree, Rosa Paola Cerra, Bencardino, Giuseppe, Falbo, Tania, Grillo, Nadia, Filice, Marco, Mirella, Filippo, Fanto, Fausto, Isaia, Gianluca, Pezzilli, Stella, Bergamo, Daniele, Furno, Elisabetta, Rrodhe, Sokol, Lucarini, Simonetta, Dijk, 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Francesco, Fugazza, Luciano, Guerrini, Chiara, De Paduanis Giovanna, Iallonardo, Lucia, Palumbo, Pasquale, Zuliani, Giovanni, Ortolani, Beatrice, Capatti, Eleonora, Soavi, Cecilia, Bianchi, Lara, Francesconi, Daniela, Miselli, Agata, Brombo, Gloria, Romagnoli, Tommaso, Pazzaglini, Chiara, Miselli Maria Agata, Dall'Agata, Marco, Suardi, Teresa, Zaccarini, Cinzia, Riva, Manuela, Mirra, Gianluca, Muti, Ettore, Bottura, Renato, Moretti, Gianpaolo, Secreto, Piero, Bisio, Erika, Cecchettani, Marco, Naldi, Tamara, Pallavicino, Alessandra, Pugliese, Michela, Iozzo Rosaria Cosima, Grassi, Guido, Bombelli, Michele, Delloro, Raffaella, Quarti Trevano Fosca, Giussani Carlo Giorgio, Paterno, Giovanni, Contro, Ernesto, Mannironi, Antonio, Giorli, Elisa, Oberti, Sara, Fierro, Brigida, Piccoli, Tommaso, Giacalone, Fabio, Mandas, Antonella, Serchisu, Luca, Costaggiu, Diego, Pinna, Elisa, Orru, Francesca, Mannai, Martina, Cordioli, Zeno, Pelizzari, Luca, Turcato, Emanuela, Arduini, Pietro, Cacace, 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Prete, Cosimo, Novello, Marileda, Bramuzzo, Igor, Bertin, Nicole, Rinaldo, Elena, Paolillo, Ciro, Riccardi, Angela, Benedetti, Claudia, Rizzi, Barbara, Montagna, Francesca, Cutaia, Chiara, Baca, Oliver, Colombo, Mauro, Procino, Giuseppe, Tarara, Rosaria, Dell’Acqua, Davide, Cislaghi, Stefania, Cairati, Marco, Porta, Massimo, Scaglione, Luca, De Feo Martina, Vertolli, Paola, Salvati, Lia, Cinotti, Sandro, De Santis Valentina, Biferi, Erminia, Cheli, Paola, Rebizzo, Romina, Salvatore, Minisola, Luciano, Colangelo, Abete, Pasquale, Liguori, Ilaria, Curcio, Francesca, Spassini, Guglielmo, Engheben, Marco, Rotunno, Sara, Rotunno, Arosio, Paola, Angelini, Claudio, Reggiani, Francesco, Cappelli, Alessandro, Marcheselli, Simona, Fratticci, Lara, Ranzani, Paola, Cesarini, Simonetta, Cerini, Antonella, Gallucci, Fernando, Serra, Emanuela, Sola, Mariolina, Delitala, Alessandro, Pes, Chiara, Lobianco, Giulia, Giani, Alessandro, Famularo, Simone, Sandini, Marta, Pinotti, Enrico, Gianotti, Luca, Battuello, Antonella, Pintore, Giulia, Rossi, Andrea, Rubele, Sofia, Sant, Selena, Vignati, Marco, Clerici, Danila, Rosa, Fabio, Bandirali Maria Pia, Cattaneo, Nicoletta, Boffi, Laura, Avalli, Leonello, Scanziani, Margherita, De Notaris Stefania, Del Santo Pierluigi, Del, Santo, Catalano, Felice, Fogli, Danilo, Di Bella Giovanna, Landi, Francesco, Salini, Sara, Brunetti Maria Angela, Cappa, Giorgetta, Galvagno, Giovanni, Cena, Paola, Bruno, Gerardo, Raspo, Silvio, Semeraro, Pedrotti, Sabrina, Palmieri Vincenzo Ostilio, Palasciano, Giuseppe, Belfiore, Anna, Portincasa, Piero, Sabbà, Carlo, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, D’Introno, Alessia, Valiani, Vincenzo, Bologna, Carolina, Ciarambino, Tiziana, Magnani, Turelli, Paola, Pazzaglia, Ugo, Rodella, Federica, Piana, Giacomo, Castellano, Maurizio, Garelli, Anna, Garelli, Casella, Elisa, Campana, Federica, Coschigliano Maria Antonietta, Marinangeli, Luigi, Lorico, Fabio, Bazzano, Salvatore, Menculini, Giuseppe, Gelosa, Giorgio, Viviana Ambrogio Teresa, Piras, Valentina, Ciricugno, Andrea, Bollari, Alessandra, Coen, Daniele, Magliola, Renata, Milanesio, Deborah, Muzzulini Carlo Lorenzo, Fogliacco, Paolo, Marinella, Turla, Cotelli Maria Sofia, Bianchi, Marta, Siano, Pietro, Capo, Giuseppe, Napoletano, Rosa, Politi, Cecilia, Mancini, Concetta, Del Buono Corrado, De Bartolomeo Giuseppe, Martinelli, Addolorata, Cefalogli, Carmen, Cozzi, Roberto, Virtuani Angelo Giovanni, Moschettini, Gianfilippo, Mastroianni, Franco, Roglia, Daniela, D'Amico, Gabriella, Palella, Mirella, Endrizzi, Cristina, Trotta, Lucia, Zanetti, Orazio, Terazzi, Emanuela, Sacchetti, Marta, Fleetwood, Thomas, Tondo, Giacomo, Di Fazio Ignazio, Bruni, Andrea, Orsitto, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Emanuela, D’Imporzano, Elena, Casanova, Anna, Bertolio, Serena, Nervo, Silvestri, Roberto, Semproni, Elena, Pintus, Manuela, Aloe, Francesca, Tagliaccica, Angelo., Aloisi G., Marengoni A., Morandi A., Zucchelli A., Cherubini A., Mossello E., Bo M., Di Santo S.G., Mazzone A., Trabucchi M., Cappa S., Fimognari F.L., Incalzi R.A., Gareri P., Perticone F., Campanini M., Montorsi M., Latronico N., Zambon A., Bellelli G., Rispoli V., Malara A., Spadea F., Di Cello S., Ceravolo F., Fabiano F., Chiaradia G., Gabriele A., Lenino P., Andrea T., Settembrini V., Capomolla D., Citrino A., Scriva A., Bruno I., Secchi R., De Martino E., Muccinelli R., Villa Del Sole R.S.A., Lupi G., Paonessa P., Fabbri A., Passuti M.T., Castellari S., Po A., Gaggioli G., Varesi M., Moneti P., Capurso S., Latini V., Ghidotti S., Riccardelli F., Macchi M., Rigo R., Claudio P., Angelo B., Flavio C., Benedetta B., Boffelli S., Cassinadri A., Franzoni S., Spazzini E., Andretto D., Tonini G., Andreani L., Coralli M., Balotta A., Cancelliere R., Ballardini G., Simoncelli M., Mancini A., Strazzacapa M., Fabio S., De Filippi F., Giudice C., Dentizzi C., Azzini M., Cazzadori M., Mastroeni V., Bertassello P., Benati H.S.C., Nesta E., Tobaldini C., Guerini F., Elena T., Mombelloni P., Fontanini F., Gabriella L., Pizzorni C., Oliverio M., Del Grosso L.L., Giavedoni C., Bidoli G., Mazzei B., Corsonello A., Fusco S., Vena S., De Vuono T., Maiuri G., Luca F.F., Andrea A., Giovanni S., Rossella N., Castegnaro E., De Rosa S., Benvenuti E., Del Lungo I., Giardini S., Giulietti C., Mauro D.B., Eleonora B., Martina P., Irene F., Riccardo B., Federica S., Bertoletti E., D'Amico F., Caronzolo F., Grippa A., Lombardo G., Pipicella T., Antonino S., Francesco C., Valeria P.G., Daniela L., Domenico C., Giorgio B., March A., Nitti M.T., Felici A., Pavan S., Piazzani F., Lunelli A., Dimori S., Margotta A., Soglia T., Postacchini D., Brunelli R., Santini S., Francavilla M., Macchiati I., Sorvillo F., Giuli C., Mecocci P., Longo A., Addesi D., Rosa P.C., Bencardino G., Falbo T., Grillo N., Marco F., Mirella F., Fanto F., Isaia G., Pezzilli S., Bergamo D., Furno E., Rrodhe S., Lucarini S., Dijk B., Dall'Acqua F., Calvani D., Becheri D., Giuseppe M., Costanza M., Vito A., Francesca B., Magherini L., Novella M., Franca B., Gambardella P.M.L., Valente C., Ospedale N., Ilaria B., Alice F., Porrino P., Ceci G., Giuliana B., Michela T., Eleonora C., Ettore E., Camellini C., Servello A., Grassi A., Rozzini R., Tironi S., Grassi M.G., Troisi E., Carlo C., Gabriella D.S.S., Flaminia F., Federica R., Beatrice P., Sofia T., Gabutto A., Quazzo L., Rosatello A., Suraci D., Tagliabue B., Perrone C., Ferrara L., Castagna A., Tremolada M.L., Giuseppe C., Stefano B., Davide O., Piano S., Serviddio G., Lo Buglio A., Gurrera T., Merlo V., Rovai C., Cotroneo A.M., Carlucci R., Abbaldo A., Monzani F., Qasem A.A., Bini G., Tafuto S., Galli G., Bruni A.C., Mancuso G., Calipari D., Bernardini B., Corsini C., Michele C., Sara D.F., Cagnin A., Fragiacomo F., Pompanin S., Piero A., Marco C., Zurlo A., Guerra G., Pala M., Menozzi L., Delli Gatti C., Magon S., Roberto M., Alfredo D.G., Fabio F., Ruana T., Elisa M., Christian M., Marco P., Massimo G., Di Francesco V., Faccioli S., Pellizzari L., Giorgia F., Barbagallo G., Lunardelli M.L., Martini E., Ferrari E., Macchiarulo M., Corneli M., Bacci M., Battaglia G., Anastasio L., Lo Storto M.S., Seresin C., Simonato M., Loreggian M., Cestonaro F., Durando M., Latella R., Mazzoleni M., Russo G., Ponte M., Valchera A., Salustri G., Petritola D., Costa A., Sinforiani E., Cotta M.R., Pizio R.N., Cester A., Formilan M., Pietro B., Carbone P., Cazzaniga I., Appollonio I., Cereda D., Stabile A., Xhani R., Acampora R., Tremolizzo L., Federico P., Antonio C., Valerio P., Cesare B., Zhirajr M., Giovanni V., Maria A., Mariaelena S., Bottacchi E., Bucciantini E., Di Giovanni M., Franchi F., Lucchetti L., Mariani C., Grande G., Rapazzini P., Marco M., Romanelli G., Franco N., Alessio M., Nicola L., Laura P., Nazario P., Chiara G., Soccorso P., Andrea S., Luca B., Francesca S., Roberto A., Anna C., Infettive M., Fugazza L., Guerrini C., De Paduanis G., Iallonardo L., Palumbo P., Zuliani G., Ortolani B., Capatti E., Soavi C., Bianchi L., Francesconi D., Miselli A., Gloria B., Tommaso R., Chiara P., Agata M.M., Dall'Agata M., Luca M., Gianluca G., Suardi T., Zaccarini C., Manuela R., Mirra G., Muti E., Bottura R., Gianpaolo M., Secreto P., Bisio E., Cecchettani M., Naldi T., Pallavicino A., Pugliese M., Iozzo R.C., Grassi G., Michele B., Dell'Oro R., Fosca Q.T., Giorgio G.C., Giovanni P., Ernesto C., Mannironi A., Giorli E., Oberti S., Fierro B., Piccoli T., Giacalone F., Mandas A., Serchisu L., Costaggiu D., Pinna E., Orru F., Mannai M., Cordioli Z., Pelizzari L., Turcato E., Arduini P., Cacace C., Chiloiro R., Cimino R., Ruberto C., Giovanni R., Pietro G., Laura G., Alberto C., Carmen R., Dal Santo P., Andriolli A., Burattin G., Rossi L., Antonino C.G.A., Tezza F., Maddalena P., Laura S., Crippa P., Aloisio P., Di Monda T., Malighetti A., Galbassini G., Ivaldi C., Russo A.M., Bennati E., Pino E., Zavarise G., Pesci A., Suigo G., Faverio P., Andrea G., Sabrina P., Zanasi M., Moniello G., Rostagno C., Cartei A., Polidori G., Ungar A., Melis M.R., Martellini E., Enrico M., Monica T., Antonella G., Giovanna L., Migliorini M., Caramelli F., Battiston B., Berardino M., Cavallo S., Alessandro M., Anna S., Lombardi B., D'Ippolito P., Furini A., Villani D., Clara R., Guarneri M., Paolucci S., Bassi A., Coiro P., De Angelis D., Morone G., Venturiero V., Palleschi L., Raganato P., Di Niro G., Rosa C.A., Loredana B., Imoscopi A., Tibaldi V., Bottignole G.G., Calvi E., Clementi C., Zanocchi M., Agosta L., Criasia A., Spertino E., Nortarelli A., Provenzano G., Principato P., Rizzo A., Cellura E., Mari D., Romano F.Y., Rosini F., Mansi M., Rossi S., Riccardelli A., Inzaghi L., Bonini G., Rossi P., Potena A., Lichii M., Candiani T., Grimaldi W., Bertani E., Alessandra P., Calogero P., Pinto D., Bernardi R., Nicolino F., Galetti C., Gianstefani A., Giulia C., Lorenzo M., Odetti P., Monacelli F., Prefumo M., Fiammetta M., Canepa M., Minaglia C., Paolisso G., Rizzo M.R., Prestano R., Dalise A.M., Barra D., Dal Bosco L., Asprinio V., Dallape L., Perina E., Bartoli I.R., Pluderi A., Maina A., Pecoraro E., Sciarra M., Prudente A., Paola M., Francesca M., Manuel V., Luisella C., Maria P.L., Tina S., Benini L., Levato F., Mhiuta V., Alius F., Davidoaia D., Giardini V., Garancini M., Bellamoli C., Terranova L., Bozzini C., Tosoni P., Provoli E., Cascone L., Dioli A., Ferrarin G., Bucci A., Bua G., Fenu S., Bianchi G., Casella S., Romano V., Maurizio P., Mascherona I., Belotti G., Cavaliere S., Cuni E., Merciuc N., Oberti R., Veneziani S., Capoferri E., De Bernardi E., Colombo K., Bravi M., Nicoletta N., D'Arcangelo P., Montenegro N., Montanari R., Lamanna P., Gasperini B., Isabella M., Stefania D., Gaia A., Filippo C., Palama C., Di Emidio C., Scarpini E., Arighi A., Fumagalli G., Basilico P., De Amicis Margherita M., Marta M., Diletta M., Granata A., Ranalli C., Cammilli A., Cavallini M.C., Tricca M., Natella D., Gabbani L., Tesi F., Martella L., Imbrici R., Guerrini G., Scotuzzi A.M., Sozzi F., Valenti L., Chiarello A., Monia M., Pilotto A., Prete C., Senesi B., Meta A.C., Pendenza E., Pasqualetti G., Polini A., Tognini S., Ballino E., Dell'Aquila G., Gasparrini P.M., Marotti E., Migale M., Scrimieri A., Falsetti L., Salvi A., Toigo G., Ceschia G., Rosso A., Tongiorgi C., Scarpa C., De Dominicis L., Pucci E., Renzi S., Cartechini E., Tomassini P.F., Del Gobbo M., Ugenti F., Romeo P., Nardelli A., Lauretani F., Visioli S., Montanari I., Ermini F., Giordano A., Pigato G., Simeone E., Colameco F., Cecamore A., Scurti R., Lupinetti M.C., Barbujani M., Perazzi B., Giampieri M., Amoruso R., Piccinini M., Ferrari C., Gambetti C., Sfrappini M., Semeraro L., Striuli R., Pelliccioni G., Marinelli D., Fabi K., Rossi T., Pesallaccia M., Sabbatini D., Gobbi B., Cerqua R., Tagliani G., Schlauser E., Caser L., Caramello E., Sandigliano F., Rosso G., Ferrari A., Bendini C., Luisa D.M., Casella M., Prampolini R., Scevola M., Vitale E., Roberto B., Carlo F., Sergio F., Alberto S., Daniela Z., Giulia B., Serena G., Maugeri D., Sorace R., Anzaldi M., De Gesu R., Morrone G., Davolio F., Fabbo A., Palmieri M., Zoli M., Forti P., Pirazzoli L., Fabbri E., Terenzi L., Bergolari F., Wenter C., Ruffini I., Insam M., Abraham E., Kirchlechner C., Cucinotta D., Antonino L., Basile G., Grazia A.M., Parise P., Boccali A., Amici S., Gambacorta M., Lasagni A., Lovati R., Giovinazzo F., Kimak E., Zappa P., Medici F., Lo Castro M., Mauro F., De Luca A., Sancesario G., Martorana A., Scaricamazza B., Toniolo S., Di Lorenzo F., Liguori C., Lasco A., Vita N., Giomi M., Forte F., Padovani A., Rozzini L., Ceraso A., Salvatore C., Cottino M., Vitali S., Marelli E., Tripi G., Miceli S., Urso G., Grioni G., Vezzadini G., Misaggi G., Forlani C., Avanzi S., Serena S., Claudia C., Marilena V., Alberto L., Diego G., Alessandro G., Iemolo F., Sanzaro E., D'Asta G., Proietto M., Carnemolla A., Razza G., Spadaro D., Bertolotti M., Mussi C., Neviani F., Roberto C., Valentina G., Linda M., Francesca V., Tarozzi A., Balestri F., Mannarino G., Bigolari M., Natale A., Grassi S., Bottaro C., Stefanelli S., Bovone U., Tortorolo U., Quadri R., Leone G., Ponzetto M., Frasson P., Annoni G., Bruni A., Confalonieri R., Corsi M., Moretti D., Teruzzi F., Umidi S., Mazzola P., Perego S., Persico I., Olivieri G., Bonfanti A., Hajnalka S., Galeazzi M., Massariello F., Anzuini A., Caffarra P., Barocco F., Spallazzi M., Paolo C.G., Simonetta M., Chioatto P., Bortolamei S., Soattin L., Ruotolo G., Beneamino B., Giuseppe B., Bertazzoli M., Rota E., Adobati A., Scarpa A., Granziera S., Zuccher P., Dal Fabbro A., Zara D., Lo Nigro A., Franchetti L., Toniolo M., Marcuzzo C., Rollone M., Guerriero F., Sgarlata C., Masse A., Zatti G., Piatti M., Graci J., Benati G., Boschi F., Biondi M., Fiumi N., Erika T., Locatelli S.M., Mauri S., Beretta M., Margheritis L., Desideri G., Liberatore E., Carucci A.C., Bonino P., Caput M., Antonietti M.P., Polistena G., De La Pierre F., Mari M., Massignani P., Tombesi F., Selvaggio F., Verbo B., Bodoni P., Marchionni N., Sabatini T., Mussio E., Magni E., Bianchetti A., Crucitti A., Titoldini G., Cossu B., Fascendini S., Licini C., Tomasoni A., Calderazzo M., Daniela T., Valentina L., Melotti R.M., Lilli A., Buda S., Adversi M., Noro G., Turco R., Ubezio M.C., Mantovani A.R., Viola M.C., Serrati C., Pretta S., Infante M., Gentile S., D'Ambrosio V., Mazzanti P., Brambilla C., Sportelli S., Platto C., Faraci B., Quattrocchi D., Pernigotti L.M., Pisu C., Sicuro F., Zagnoni P., Ghiglia S., Mosca M., Corazzin I., Deola M., Di Agordo O., Biagini C.A., Bencini F., Cantini C., Tonon E., Pierinelli S., Onofrj M., Thomas A., Filomena B., Bonanni L., Gabriella C., Comi G., Magnani G., Santangelo R., Mazzeo S., Francesca C., Giordano C., Roberto S., Barbieri C., Giroldi L., Bandini F., Masina M., Malservisi S., Cicognani A., Ricca L., Piccininni M., Tassinari T., Brogi D., Sugo A., Alessandra F., Sonia M., Valerio V., Andrea U.C., Enrico C., Vera R.F., Assunta S., Gianmaria Z., Mauro P., Barone A., Razzano M., Giuseppe I., Angela B., Francesco S., D'Agostino V., Federico G., Lucia P., Antonella V., Di Cello E., Cristina C., Nadia C., Maria S., Luciano A., Chiara C., Bini P., Pignata M., Enrico B., Maria V., Giovanni C., Giorgio C., Piera R., Alberto Z., Ceccon A., Magrin L., Marin S., Barbara S., Matteo M., Caterina P.M., Carla R., Federica G., Clara T., Melania C., Giampaolo B., Stefano G., Valeria G., Lucia M., Giovambattista D., Ester L., Cecilia C.A., Maurizio T., Nadia B., Grillo A., Arenare F., Tonino M., David K., Giorgio V.P., Ubaldo B., Vincenzo S., Stefano M., Marino F., Flavio M.T.B., Paolo A., Monica M., Francesco B., Roberto F., Paolo B., Durante-Mangoni E., Testoni M., Di Stefano F., Loredana S., Daniela M., Valeria S., Fabiano M., Di Giorgio A., De Cosmo S., Greco A., D'Onofrio G., Daniele S., Gianluca R., Renzo G., Sergio M., Morena B., Vitali M., Marina P., De Colle P., Cristina S., Orlandini F., La Regina M., Desiree A., Mario B., Paola P., Padulo F., Cristina M., Dario R., Giancarla M., Guido R., Elena M., Marileda N., Igor B., Nicole B., Elena R., Paolillo C., Riccardi A., Claudia B., Barbara R., Silvia V., Oliver B., Mauro C., Eleonora M., Giuseppe P., Rosaria T., Maria C., Dell'Acqua D., Stefania C., Massimo P., Luca S., De Feo M., Paola V., Lia S., Sandro C., De Santis V., Erminia B., Paola C., Romina R., Minisola S., Luciano C., Pasquale A., Ilaria L., Guglielmo S., Marco E., Sara R., Paola A., Claudio A., Francesco R., Alessandro C., Simona M., Lara F., Paola R., Simonetta C., Antonella C., Generoso U., Fernando G., Giuliano C., Emanuela S., Mariolina S., Alessandro D., Giulia L., Famularo S., Sandini M., Pinotti E., Gianotti L., Antonella B., Giulia P., Sante G., Rossi A., Rubele S., Sant S., Marco V., Danila C., Fabio R., Bandirali M.P., Nicoletta C., Laura B., Paolo T., Luciano T., Leonello A., Margherita S., De Notaris S., Del Santo P., Laura R., Fabiana T., Giovanna C., Antonino A., Felice C., Danilo F., Di Bella G., Francesco L., Salini S., Angela B.M., Giorgetta C., Giovanni G., Gerardo B., Silvio R., Letizia S., Davide B., Rosaria R.M., Maria D.A., Raffaele P., Palmieri V.O., Palasciano G., Belfiore A., Portincasa P., Carlo S., D'Introno A., Valiani V., Carolina B., Tiziana C., Paola T., Ugo P., Giacomo P., Castellano M., Anna G., Elisa C., Federica C., Antonietta C.M., Luigi M., Fabio L., Salvatore B., Gelosa G., Viviana A.T., Piras V., Andrea C., Alessandra B., Coen D., Magliola R., Milanesio D., Muzzulini C.L., Paolo F., Marinella T., Sofia C.M., Marta B., Siano P., Capo G., Napoletano R., Cecilia P., Mancini C., Del Buono C., De Bartolomeo G., Addolorata M., Carmen C., Giovanni V.A., Moschettini G., Franco M., Mulli O.F., Daniela R., D'Amico G., Mirella P., Endrizzi C., Trotta L., Ciarambino T., Orazio Z., Emanuela T., Marta S., Thomas F., Giacomo T., Di Fazio I., Andrea B., Giuseppe O., Emanuela F., Serena A., D'Imporzano E., Serena B., Erika N., Elena S., Manuela P., Francesca A., Angelo T., Aloisi, G., Marengoni, A., Morandi, A., Zucchelli, A., Cherubini, A., Mossello, E., Bo, M., Di Santo, S.G., Mazzone, A., Trabucchi, M., Cappa, S., Fimognari, F.L., Incalzi, R.A., Gareri, P., Perticone, F., Campanini, M., Montorsi, M., Latronico, N., Zambon, A., Bellelli, G., Rispoli, V., Malara, A., Spadea, F., Di Cello, S., Ceravolo, F., Fabiano, F., Chiaradia, G., Gabriele, A., Lenino, P., Andrea, T., Settembrini, V., Capomolla, D., Citrino, A., Scriva, A., Bruno, I., Secchi, R., De Martino, E., Muccinelli, R., Villa Del Sole, R.S.A., Lupi, G., Paonessa, P., Fabbri, A., Passuti, M.T., Castellari, S., Po, A., Gaggioli, G., Varesi, M., Moneti, P., Capurso, S., Latini, V., Ghidotti, S., Riccardelli, F., Macchi, M., Rigo, R., Claudio, P., Angelo, B., Flavio, C., Benedetta, B., Boffelli, S., Cassinadri, A., Franzoni, S., Spazzini, E., Andretto, D., Tonini, G., Andreani, L., Coralli, M., Balotta, A., Cancelliere, R., Ballardini, G., Simoncelli, M., Mancini, A., Strazzacapa, M., Fabio, S., De Filippi, F., Giudice, C., Dentizzi, C., Azzini, M., Cazzadori, M., Mastroeni, V., Bertassello, P., Benati, H.S.C., Nesta, E., Tobaldini, C., Guerini, F., Elena, T., Mombelloni, P., Fontanini, F., Gabriella, L., Pizzorni, C., Oliverio, M., Del Grosso, L.L., Giavedoni, C., Bidoli, G., Mazzei, B., Corsonello, A., Fusco, S., Vena, S., De Vuono, T., Maiuri, G., Luca, F.F., Andrea, A., Giovanni, S., Rossella, N., Castegnaro, E., De Rosa, S., Benvenuti, E., Del Lungo, I., Giardini, S., Giulietti, C., Mauro, D.B., Eleonora, B., Martina, P., Irene, F., Riccardo, B., Federica, S., Bertoletti, E., D'Amico, F., Caronzolo, F., Grippa, A., Lombardo, G., Pipicella, T., Antonino, S., Francesco, C., Valeria, P.G., Daniela, L., Domenico, C., Giorgio, B., March, A., Nitti, M.T., Felici, A., Pavan, S., Piazzani, F., Lunelli, A., Dimori, S., Margotta, A., Soglia, T., Postacchini, D., Brunelli, R., Santini, S., Francavilla, M., Macchiati, I., Sorvillo, F., Giuli, C., Mecocci, P., Longo, A., Addesi, D., Rosa, P.C., Bencardino, G., Falbo, T., Grillo, N., Marco, F., Mirella, F., Fantò, F., Isaia, G., Pezzilli, S., Bergamo, D., Furno, E., Rrodhe, S., Lucarini, S., Dijk, B., Dall'Acqua, F., Calvani, D., Becheri, D., Giuseppe, M., Costanza, M., Vito, A., Francesca, B., Magherini, L., Novella, M., Franca, B., Gambardella, P.M.L., Valente, C., Ospedale, N., Ilaria, B., Alice, F., Porrino, P., Ceci, G., Giuliana, B., Michela, T., Eleonora, C., Ettore, E., Camellini, C., Servello, A., Grassi, A., Rozzini, R., Tironi, S., Grassi, M.G., Troisi, E., Carlo, C., Gabriella, D.S.S., Flaminia, F., Federica, R., Beatrice, P., Sofia, T., Gabutto, A., Quazzo, L., Rosatello, A., Suraci, D., Tagliabue, B., Perrone, C., Ferrara, L., Castagna, A., Tremolada, M.L., Giuseppe, C., Stefano, B., Davide, O., Piano, S., Serviddio, G., Lo Buglio, A., Gurrera, T., Merlo, V., Rovai, C., Cotroneo, A.M., Carlucci, R., Abbaldo, A., Monzani, F., Qasem, A.A., Bini, G., Tafuto, S., Galli, G., Bruni, A.C., Mancuso, G., Mancuso, G., Calipari, D., Bernardini, B., Corsini, C., Michele, C., Sara, D.F., Cagnin, A., Fragiacomo, F., Pompanin, S., Piero, A., Marco, C., Zurlo, A., Guerra, G., Pala, M., Menozzi, L., Delli Gatti, C., Magon, S., Roberto, M., Alfredo, D.G., Fabio, F., Ruana, T., Elisa, M., Benedetta, B., Christian, M., Marco, P., Massimo, G., Di Francesco, V., Faccioli, S., Pellizzari, L., Giorgia, F., Barbagallo, G., Lunardelli, M.L., Martini, E., Ferrari, E., Macchiarulo, M., Corneli, M., Bacci, M., Battaglia, G., Anastasio, L., Lo Storto, M.S., Seresin, C., Simonato, M., Loreggian, M., Cestonaro, F., Durando, M., Latella, R., Mazzoleni, M., Russo, G., Ponte, M., Valchera, A., Salustri, G., Petritola, D., Costa, A., Sinforiani, E., Cotta, M.R., Piano, S., Pizio, R.N., Cester, A., Formilan, M., Pietro, B., Carbone, P., Cazzaniga, I., Appollonio, I., Cereda, D., Stabile, A., Xhani, R., Acampora, R., Tremolizzo, L., Federico, P., Antonio, C., Valerio, P., Cesare, B., Zhirajr, M., Giovanni, V., Maria, A., Mariaelena, S., Bottacchi, E., Bucciantini, E., Di Giovanni, M., Franchi, F., Lucchetti, L., Mariani, C., Grande, G., Rapazzini, P., Marco, M., Romanelli, G., Franco, N., Alessio, M., Stefano, B., Nicola, L., Laura, P., Nazario, P., Carlo, C., Chiara, G., Soccorso, P., Andrea, S., Luca, B., Francesca, S., Roberto, A., Marco, F., Anna, C., Francesco, C., Infettive, M., Fugazza, L., Guerrini, C., De Paduanis, G., Iallonardo, L., Palumbo, P., Zuliani, G., Ortolani, B., Capatti, E., Soavi, C., Bianchi, L., Francesconi, D., Miselli, A., Gloria, B., Tommaso, R., Chiara, P., Agata, M.M., Dall'Agata, M., Luca, M., Gianluca, G., Suardi, T., Zaccarini, C., Manuela, R., Mirra, G., Muti, E., Bottura, R., Gianpaolo, M., Secreto, P., Bisio, E., Cecchettani, M., Naldi, T., Pallavicino, A., Pugliese, M., Iozzo, R.C., Grassi, G., Michele, B., Dell'Oro, R., Fosca, Q.T., Giorgio, G.C., Giovanni, P., Ernesto, C., Mannironi, A., Giorli, E., Oberti, S., Fierro, B., Piccoli, T., Giacalone, F., 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C., Valentina, G., Linda, M., Francesca, V., Tarozzi, A., Balestri, F., Mannarino, G., Bigolari, M., Natale, A., Grassi, S., Bottaro, C., Stefanelli, S., Bovone, U., Tortorolo, U., Quadri, R., Leone, G., Ponzetto, M., Frasson, P., Annoni, G., Bruni, A., Confalonieri, R., Corsi, M., Moretti, D., Teruzzi, F., Umidi, S., Mazzola, P., Perego, S., Persico, I., Olivieri, G., Bonfanti, A., Hajnalka, S., Galeazzi, M., Massariello, F., Anzuini, A., Caffarra, P., Barocco, F., Spallazzi, M., Paolo, C.G., Simonetta, M., Andrea, A., Chioatto, P., Bortolamei, S., Soattin, L., Ruotolo, G., Beneamino, B., Giuseppe, B., Bertazzoli, M., Rota, E., Adobati, A., Scarpa, A., Granziera, S., Zuccher, P., Dal Fabbro, A., Zara, D., Lo Nigro, A., Franchetti, L., Toniolo, M., Marcuzzo, C., Piano, S., Rollone, M., Guerriero, F., Sgarlata, C., Massè, A., Zatti, G., Piatti, M., Graci, J., Benati, G., Boschi, F., Biondi, M., Fiumi, N., Erika, T., Locatelli, S.M., Mauri, S., Beretta, M., Margheritis, L., Desideri, G., Liberatore, E., Carucci, A.C., Bonino, P., Caput, M., Antonietti, M.P., Polistena, G., De La Pierre, F., Mari, M., Massignani, P., Tombesi, F., Selvaggio, F., Verbo, B., Bodoni, P., Marchionni, N., Sabatini, T., Mussio, E., Magni, E., Bianchetti, A., Crucitti, A., Titoldini, G., Cossu, B., Fascendini, S., Licini, C., Tomasoni, A., Calderazzo, M., Daniela, T., Valentina, L., Prampolini, R., Melotti, R.M., Lilli, A., Buda, S., Adversi, M., Noro, G., Turco, R., Ubezio, M.C., Mantovani, A.R., Viola, M.C., Serrati, C., Pretta, S., Infante, M., Gentile, S., D'Ambrosio, V., Mazzanti, P., Brambilla, C., Sportelli, S., Platto, C., Faraci, B., Quattrocchi, D., Pernigotti, L.M., Pisu, C., Sicuro, F., Del Grosso, L.L., Zagnoni, P., Ghiglia, S., Mosca, M., Corazzin, I., Deola, M., Di Agordo, O., Biagini, C.A., Bencini, F., Cantini, C., Tonon, E., Pierinelli, S., Onofrj, M., Thomas, A., Filomena, B., Bonanni, L., Gabriella, C., Comi, G., Magnani, G., Santangelo, R., Mazzeo, S., Giuseppe, M., Francesca, C., Giordano, C., Roberto, S., Barbieri, C., Giroldi, L., Bandini, F., Masina, M., Malservisi, S., Cicognani, A., Ricca, L., Ricca, L., Piccininni, M., Tassinari, T., Brogi, D., Sugo, A., Alessandra, F., Sonia, M., Valerio, V., Andrea, U.C., Enrico, C., Vera, R.F., Assunta, S., Gianmaria, Z., Mauro, P., Pietro, B., Roberto, M., Salvatore, C., Barone, A., Razzano, M., Giuseppe, I., Angela, B., Francesco, S., D'Agostino, V., Federico, G., Lucia, P., Antonella, V., Di Cello, E., Cristina, C., Nadia, C., Maria, S., Luciano, A., Chiara, C., Bini, P., Pignata, M., Enrico, B., Maria, V., Giovanni, C., Giorgio, C., Andrea, T., Marco, M., Piera, R., Alberto, Z., Ceccon, A., Magrin, L., Marin, S., Barbara, S., Marco, M., Laura, G., Matteo, M., Marco, P., Caterina, P.M., Carla, R., Federica, G., Clara, T., Melania, C., Giampaolo, B., Stefano, G., Valeria, G., Lucia, M., Giovambattista, D., Ester, L., Cecilia, C.A., Maurizio, T., Vera, R.F., Nadia, B., Grillo, A., Arenare, F., Tonino, M., David, K., Giorgio, V.P., Ubaldo, B., Vincenzo, S., Stefano, M., Marino, F., Flavio, M.T.B., Paolo, A., Monica, M., Francesco, B., Roberto, F., Paolo, B., Durante-Mangoni, E., Testoni, M., Di Stefano, F., Loredana, S., Daniela, M., Valeria, S., Fabiano, M., Di Giorgio, A., De Cosmo, S., Greco, A., D'Onofrio, G., Daniele, S., Gianluca, R., Renzo, G., Sergio, M., Morena, B., Vitali, M., Marina, P., De Colle, P., Cristina, S., Alessandra, F., Orlandini, F., La Regina, M., Desirée, A., Mirella, F., Mario, B., Paola, P., Padulo, F., Cristina, M., Dario, R., Giancarla, M., Guido, R., Elena, M., Prete, C., Marileda, N., Igor, B., Nicole, B., Elena, R., Paolillo, C., Riccardi, A., Claudia, B., Barbara, R., Francesca, M., Silvia, V., Chiara, C., Oliver, B., Mauro, C., Eleonora, M., Giuseppe, P., Rosaria, T., Maria, C., Dell'Acqua, D., Stefania, C., Marco, C., Massimo, P., Luca, S., De Feo, M., Paola, V., Lia, S., Sandro, C., De Santis, V., Erminia, B., Paola, C., Romina, R., Minisola, S., 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E, Bo, M, Di Santo, S, Mazzone, A, Trabucchi, M, Cappa, S, Fimognari, F, Incalzi, R, Gareri, P, Perticone, F, Campanini, M, Montorsi, M, Latronico, N, Zambon, A, Bellelli, G, and Faverio, P

Subjects
Male, diagnosis, medications, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Hospital Departments, Humans, Prevalence, Polypharmacy, Prescription Drugs, 80 and over, Medicine, LS4_4, 030212 general & internal medicine, Acute hospital, media_common, Confounding, elderly patients, hip fracture, hospitalized patients, prediction rule, risk factor, dementia, events, medications, prevention, diagnosis, risk-factor, risk factor, hip fracture, Psychiatry and Mental Health, medicine.symptom, events, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, hospitalized-patients, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Socio-culturale, elderly-patients, elderly patients, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, mental disorders, Dementia, Medical prescription, prediction rule, Aged, business.industry, hospitalized patients, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, dementia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between polypharmacy and delirium, the association of specific drug categories with delirium, and the differences in drug-delirium association between medical and surgical units and according to dementia diagnosis. Methods Data were collected during 2 waves of Delirium Day, a multicenter delirium prevalence study including patients (aged 65 years or older) admitted to acute and long-term care wards in Italy (2015-2016); in this study, only patients enrolled in acute hospital wards were selected (n = 4,133). Delirium was assessed according to score on the 4 "A's" Test. Prescriptions were classified by main drug categories; polypharmacy was defined as a prescription of drugs from 5 or more classes. Results Of 4,133 participants, 969 (23.4%) had delirium. The general prevalence of polypharmacy was higher in patients with delirium (67.6% vs 63.0%, P = .009) but varied according to clinical settings. After adjustment for confounders, polypharmacy was associated with delirium only in patients admitted to surgical units (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.1). Insulin, antibiotics, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, and atypical antidepressants were associated with delirium, whereas statins and angiotensin receptor blockers exhibited an inverse association. A stronger association was seen between typical and atypical antipsychotics and delirium in subjects free from dementia compared to individuals with dementia (typical: OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 2.94-6.31 without dementia vs OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.19-2.26 with dementia; atypical: OR = 5.32; 95% CI, 3.44-8.22 without dementia vs OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.40 with dementia). The absence of antipsychotics among the prescribed drugs was inversely associated with delirium in the whole sample and in both of the hospital settings, but only in patients without dementia. Conclusions Polypharmacy is significantly associated with delirium only in surgical units, raising the issue of the relevance of medication review in different clinical settings. Specific drug classes are associated with delirium depending on the clinical setting and dementia diagnosis, suggesting the need to further explore this relationship.

Published
2019

32. Virtual reality cognitive remediation tool for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a feasibility randomized clinical trial.

Author

Perra A, Primavera D, Leonetti V, Montisci R, Carta D, Lorrai G, Locci A, Chessa L, Scuteri A, Cossu G, Nardi AE, Valmaggia L, Galetti A, De Lorenzo V, Sancassiani F, and Carta MG

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Quality of Life, Cognitive Dysfunction rehabilitation, Cognitive Dysfunction therapy, Cognitive Remediation methods, Feasibility Studies, Virtual Reality
Abstract

Introduction: With the growing older adult population, the European Union emphasizes the need to promote research in healthy aging trough multidisciplinary and innovative approaches, including the integration of advanced technologies like virtual reality (VR) in cognitive rehabilitation. This reflects the increasing awareness of the importance of addressing challenges related to neurodegenerative diseases in the older adult population. Our study aims to present a protocol that will assess the feasibility and provide a preliminary measure of effectiveness for an intervention using immersive CR technology for cognitive remediation (CR) in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)., Methods: A feasibility randomized controlled clinical study will involve 30 individuals who are over 65 years old, both sex, who meet the diagnostic criteria for MCI from the University Hospital of Cagliari, randomly assigned to either the experimental condition or control group. Both groups will continue to receive standard pharmacological therapy. The experimental group will undergo a 3-months cognitive remediation program using fully immersive VR with two sessions per week. Each session will last a maximum of 60 min and will be supervised by expert health professionals. In contrast, the control group will continue with standard care. The intervention program will be carried out by s psychiatric rehabilitation technicians and speech therapists, emphasizing a comprehensive framework aligned with healthcare needs. Feasibility will be assessed based on tolerability, including dropout rates and acceptability, which considers the proportion of recruited participants among those considered eligible and on side effects and level of satisfaction. The preliminary measures of effectiveness will be evaluated on quality of life, cognitive functions, biological and social rhythms, depressive symptoms and anxiety., Results: The trial findings will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and shared at international meetings and conferences., Discussion: This study aiming to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a fully immersive VR/CR program for MCI in order to give data for a subsequent confirmatory trial. The results of the pilot RCT are expected to significantly contribute to research on the prevention of neurocognitive degeneration, with a specific emphasis on enhancing the application of technologies. The strengths of this work are the high technological innovation program for mental health treatments for healthy aging and multidisciplinary approach emphasizing a holistic framework aligned with health needs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Perra, Primavera, Leonetti, Montisci, Chessa, Scuteri, Cossu, Nardi, Valmaggia, Galetti, De Lorenzo, Sancassiani and Carta.)

Published
2024
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33. Endoscopic endonasal extradural posterior clinoidectomy: A key maneuver to access the retrosellar and upper retroclival area.

Author

Giammattei L, Fava A, Starnoni D, Cossu G, Daniel RT, and Messerer M

Subjects
Humans, Skull Base Neoplasms surgery, Neuroendoscopy methods, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Endoscopy methods, Nasal Cavity surgery, Chordoma surgery, Chordoma diagnostic imaging, Cranial Fossa, Posterior surgery, Cranial Fossa, Posterior diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: Endoscopic endonasal posterior clinoidectomy represents an important maneuver to improve access and visualization of the retrosellar and upper clivus area [1]. Three different techniques have been described in order to access and remove the posterior clinoid: 1) the intradural pituitary transposition [2], the interdural pituitary transposition [3] and a completely extradural technique [4]., Case Description: We present here a case of retrosellar and retroclival chordoma that has been removed through endoscopic endonasal approach. Technical nuances of the endonasal extradural posterior clinoidectomy are presented., Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal extradural posterior clinoidectomy allows to access this complex anatomical region with the advantage of avoiding major bleeding from the cavernous sinus and endocrinological impairment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors received no financial support for this research., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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34. Family History in Parkinson's Disease: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Author

Arienti F, Casazza G, Franco G, Lazzeri G, Monfrini E, Di Maio A, Erro R, Barone P, Tamma F, Caputo E, Volontè MA, Cacciaguerra L, Pilotto A, Padovani A, Comi C, Magistrelli L, Valzania F, Cavallieri F, Avanzino L, Marchese R, Sensi M, Carroli G, Eleopra R, Cilia R, Spagnolo F, Tessitore A, De Micco R, Ceravolo R, Palermo G, Malaguti MC, Lopiano L, Tocco P, Sorbera C, Tinazzi M, Ciammola A, Ottaviani D, Valente EM, Albanese A, Blandini F, Canesi M, Antonini A, Carecchio M, Fetoni V, Colosimo C, Volpe D, Tambasco N, Cossu G, Zappia M, and Di Fonzo A

Subjects
Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Italy epidemiology, Age of Onset, Risk Factors, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Prevalence, Parkinson Disease genetics, Parkinson Disease epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Family history of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common finding in PD patients. However, a few studies have systematically examined this aspect., Objectives: We investigated the family history of PD patients, comparing demographic and clinical features between familial PD (fPD) and sporadic PD (sPD)., Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling 2035 PD patients was conducted in 28 Italian centers. Clinical data and family history up to the third degree of kinship were collected., Results: Family history of PD was determined in 21.9% of patients. fPD patients had earlier age at onset than sporadic patients. No relevant differences in the prevalence of motor and nonmotor symptoms were detected. Family history of mood disorders resulted more prevalently in the fPD group., Conclusions: fPD was found to recur more frequently than previously reported. Family history collection beyond the core family is essential to discover disease clusters and identify novel risk factors for PD., (© 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)

Published
2024
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35. Weaker number sense accounts for impaired numerosity perception in dyscalculia: Behavioral and computational evidence.

Author

Dolfi S, Decarli G, Lunardon M, De Filippo De Grazia M, Gerola S, Lanfranchi S, Cossu G, Sella F, Testolin A, and Zorzi M

Subjects
Humans, Child, Female, Male, Visual Perception physiology, Adolescent, Mathematics, Dyscalculia physiopathology, Judgment physiology
Abstract

Impaired numerosity perception in developmental dyscalculia (low "number acuity") has been interpreted as evidence of reduced representational precision in the neurocognitive system supporting non-symbolic number sense. However, recent studies suggest that poor numerosity judgments might stem from stronger interference from non-numerical visual information, in line with alternative accounts that highlight impairments in executive functions and visuospatial abilities in the etiology of dyscalculia. To resolve this debate, we used a psychophysical method designed to disentangle the contribution of numerical and non-numerical features to explicit numerosity judgments in a dot comparison task and we assessed the relative saliency of numerosity in a spontaneous categorization task. Children with dyscalculia were compared to control children with average mathematical skills matched for age, IQ, and visuospatial memory. In the comparison task, the lower accuracy of dyscalculics compared to controls was linked to weaker encoding of numerosity, but not to the strength of non-numerical biases. Similarly, in the spontaneous categorization task, children with dyscalculia showed a weaker number-based categorization compared to the control group, with no evidence of a stronger influence of non-numerical information on category choice. Simulations with a neurocomputational model of numerosity perception showed that the reduction of representational resources affected the progressive refinement of number acuity, with little effect on non-numerical bias in numerosity judgments. Together, these results suggest that impaired numerosity perception in dyscalculia cannot be explained by increased interference from non-numerical visual cues, thereby supporting the hypothesis of a core number sense deficit. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A strongly debated issue is whether impaired numerosity perception in dyscalculia stems from a deficit in number sense or from poor executive and visuospatial functions. Dyscalculic children show reduced precision in visual numerosity judgments and weaker number-based spontaneous categorization, but no increasing reliance on continuous visual properties. Simulations with deep neural networks demonstrate that reduced neural/computational resources affect the developmental trajectory of number acuity and account for impaired numerosity judgments. Our findings show that weaker number acuity in developmental dyscalculia is not necessarily related to increased interference from non-numerical visual cues., (© 2024 The Author(s). Developmental Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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2024
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36. Healthcare students are faced with the issue of the rights of people with disabilities and the quality of services: Are we training future healthcare workers who overemphasize technology?

Author

Aviles Gonzalez CI, Galletta M, Sancassiani F, Cossu G, Trudu D, Urban A, Cantone E, Luchetta R, Nonnis M, Fragoso-Castilla P, Guerra Muñoz ME, Machado S, Nardi AE, Carta MG, and Madeddu C

Abstract

Introduction: This research describes incorporating the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in training students at an Italian university. It also describes the perception of students on the rights of people with disabilities and the quality of services using the questionnaire the Well-Being at Work and Respect Right (WWRR), the objective is to compare the responses of students from the faculty of health sciences and health professionals human rights respect, organizational well-being, and job satisfaction in healthcare environments method: Cross-sectional study the data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test and Chi-SQUARE test results: University students have little recognition of the professional roles for the social and labor inclusion of users of health services, which promotes rethinking the type of training they receive conclusions: the findings show the need to incorporate in a more detailed way the principles of the CRPD in university training plans that promote an emphasis on disabilities based on human rights, despite the fact that the perception by students is optimistic in relation to respect for the rights of users in health services where they have done their training or practices, these results indicate a reevaluation of university training that gives a balance between technical skills but with an emphasis on human rights and social inclusion in health services., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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37. Update on Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant BRAF Inhibitors in Papillary Craniopharyngioma: A Systematic Review.

Author

Cossu G, Ramsay DSC, Daniel RT, El Cadhi A, Kerherve L, Morlaix E, Houidi SA, Millot-Piccoli C, Chapon R, Le Van T, Cao C, Farah W, Lleu M, Baland O, Beaurain J, Petit JM, Lemogne B, Messerer M, and Berhouma M

Abstract

Background/Objectives : The recent discovery of BRAF mutation in papillary craniopharyngiomas opened new avenues for targeted therapies to control tumour growth, decreasing the need for invasive treatments and relative complications. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the recent scientific data dealing with the use of targeted therapies in papillary craniopharyngiomas, as adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments. Methods : The PRISMA guidelines were followed with searches performed in Scopus, MEDLINE, and Embase, following a dedicated PICO approach. Results : We included 21 pertinent studies encompassing 53 patients: 26 patients received BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) as adjuvant treatment, while 25 received them as neoadjuvant treatment. In the adjuvant setting, BRAFi were used to treat recurrent tumours after surgery or adjuvant radiation therapy. The most common regimen combined dabrafenib (BRAFi) with trametinib (MEK1 and 2 inhibitor) in 81% of cases. The mean treatment length was 8.8 months (range 1.6 to 28 months) and 32% were continuing BRAFi. A reduction of tumour volume variable from 24% to 100% was observed at cerebral MRI during treatment and volumetric reduction ≥80% was described in 64% of cases. Once the treatment was stopped, adjuvant treatments were performed to stabilize patients in remission in 11 cases (65%) or when a progression was detected in three cases (12%). In four cases no further therapies were administered (16%). Mean follow-up after the end of targeted therapy was 17.1 months. As neoadjuvant regimen, 36% of patients were treated with dabrafenib and trametinib with a near complete radiological response in all the cases with a mean treatment of 5.7 months. The neoadjuvant use of verumafenib (BRAFi) and cometinib (MEK1 inhibitor) induced a near complete response in 15 patients (94%), with a median volumetric reduction between 85% and 91%. Ten patients did not receive further treatments. Side effects varied among studies. The optimal timing, sequencing, and duration of treatment of these new therapies should be established. Moreover, questions remain about the choice of specific BRAF/MEK inhibitors, the optimal protocol of treatment, and the strategies for managing adverse events. Conclusions : Treatment is shifting to a wider multidisciplinary management, where a key role is played by targeted therapies, to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with BRAF-mutated craniopharyngiomas. Future, larger comparative trials will optimize their protocol of use and integration into multimodal strategies of treatment.

Published
2024
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39. Fibrotic response to anti-CSF-1R therapy potentiates glioblastoma recurrence.

Author

Watson SS, Zomer A, Fournier N, Lourenco J, Quadroni M, Chryplewicz A, Nassiri S, Aubel P, Avanthay S, Croci D, Abels E, Broekman MLD, Hanahan D, Huse JT, Daniel RT, Hegi ME, Homicsko K, Cossu G, Hottinger AF, and Joyce JA

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Mice, Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Signal Transduction drug effects, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Glioblastoma drug therapy, Glioblastoma pathology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local drug therapy, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local pathology, Tumor Microenvironment drug effects, Fibrosis, Brain Neoplasms drug therapy, Brain Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Glioblastoma recurrence is currently inevitable despite extensive standard-of-care treatment. In preclinical studies, an alternative strategy of targeting tumor-associated macrophages and microglia through CSF-1R inhibition was previously found to regress established tumors and significantly increase overall survival. However, recurrences developed in ∼50% of mice in long-term studies, which were consistently associated with fibrotic scars. This fibrotic response is observed following multiple anti-glioma therapies in different preclinical models herein and in patient recurrence samples. Multi-omics analyses of the post-treatment tumor microenvironment identified fibrotic areas as pro-tumor survival niches that encapsulated surviving glioma cells, promoted dormancy, and inhibited immune surveillance. The fibrotic treatment response was mediated by perivascular-derived fibroblast-like cells via activation by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and neuroinflammation. Concordantly, combinatorial inhibition of these pathways inhibited treatment-associated fibrosis, and significantly improved survival in preclinical trials of anti-colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests A.Z. is a current employee of Genmab; D.C. received consulting fees from Seed Biosciences S.A. and is a current employee of Novigenix; S.N. is a current employee of Roche Pharmaceuticals; A.F.H. has served on advisory boards and speaker’s bureau for Novocure and Bayer; M.E.H. has an advisory role at TME Pharma; J.A.J. received a speaker honorarium from Bristol Meyers Squibb, and served on the scientific advisory board of Pionyr Immunotherapeutics; J.A.J. and D.H. serve on the Cancer Cell editorial advisory board., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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41. Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: The Effects on Cognitive Performance and Depression in a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Primavera D, Aviles Gonzalez C, Perra A, Kalcev G, Cantone E, Cossu G, Holzinger A, Carta MG, and Sancassiani F

Abstract

Introduction: Dementia, depression, and cardiovascular disease are major public health concerns for older adults, requiring early intervention. This study investigates whether a virtual reality cognitive remediation program (VR-CR) can improve cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults, and determines the necessary sample size for future studies. Integrated VR and CR interventions have shown promising outcomes in older adults with neurodegenerative and mental health disorders., Methods: This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involves adults aged 58-75 years with bipolar disorder, excluding those with acute episodes, epilepsy, or severe eye diseases. The experimental group received standard treatment plus VR-CR, while the control group received only standard treatment., Results: No baseline differences were found between the experimental and control groups. No significant improvement was observed in the overall cognitive function test ( p = 0.897) or in depressive symptoms ( p = 0.322). A phase III efficacy study requires a sample size of 28 participants (alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.20)., Conclusions: VR-CR can potentially treat depressive symptoms in adults and older adults, but the results support conducting phase III studies to further investigate these outcomes. However, the improvement in cognitive performance in the elderly is less pronounced than in younger individuals.

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2024
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42. Risk of suicide and suicidal behavior in refugees. A meta-review of current systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Author

Bevione F, Panero M, Abbate-Daga G, Cossu G, Carta MG, and Preti A

Subjects
Humans, Suicidal Ideation, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Suicide Prevention, Suicide, Completed psychology, Suicide, Completed statistics & numerical data, Refugees statistics & numerical data, Refugees psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted ethnology
Abstract

Background: Despite the exposure to a wide combination of risk factors, evidence concerning risk of suicide among refugees is mixed., Aims: We aimed to establish more precise estimates of suicide and suicidal behavior in refugees and asylum seekers, investigate the role of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities, and the effectiveness of preventative interventions., Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo without time limitations from inception until June 5, 2024. Studies were included if systematic reviews or meta-analyses reporting data on suicide or suicidal behavior in refugees or asylum seekers, or detailing the results of preventive interventions. Quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses., Results: Out of 49 papers, 10 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. Refugees showed significantly higher suicide death rates and suicidal ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt prevalence compared to people living in the host countries. Refugees who arrived in low-income and lower-middle-income countries displayed lower suicidal ideation, but higher suicide death rates and suicide attempt prevalence compared to refugees who arrived in high-income and upper-middle-income countries. However, no review provided data regarding somatic comorbidity, psychiatric comorbidity, or the effectiveness of treatments, and evidence on specific categories of refugees is scarce., Conclusion: Refugees have been proven to be at risk for suicide and suicidal behavior. More research is required to identify the targets and procedures of intervention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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43. Prevalence and Risk by Age and Sex of Sleep Dysregulation and Depressive Episodes in Bipolar and Depressive Disorders in a Community Survey in Sardinia, Italy.

Author

Congiu P, Carta MG, Perra A, Cantone E, Lorrai S, Pintus E, Tusconi M, Cossu G, Redolfi S, and Sancassiani F

Abstract

Background/Objectives : Sleep disturbances often accompany mood disorders and persistent insomnia after mood symptoms have resolved may be a marker of poor outcome. The association between sleep symptoms and mood disorders seems to change with age and sex. This study aims to assess the frequency of depressive episodes and sleep disorders in the general population through an agile screening questionnaire and to evaluate the association of depressive episodes and sleep symptoms by sex and age categories. Methods : 774 women and 728 men from Sardinia aged > 16 years old were enrolled. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was administered through a computer-assisted telephonic interview. Results : The frequency of depressive episodes was double in women (10.6% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (17.4%). The frequency of sleep dysregulation was double in women (18.7% vs. 9.6%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (35.9%) and the lowest in the group of men > 75 yo. The group of young males showed the lowest frequency of depressive episodes (1.4%) and a frequency of sleep dysregulation (9.1%) similar to that of the other groups of age and sex. Sleep dysregulation without depressive episodes presented a higher distribution in the elderly, both in males (20.7%) and in females (18.5%). No significative differences were found across sex and age groups in the distribution of depressive episodes without sleep dysregulation. Conclusions : The use of an agile screener such as PHQ9 in the general population and/or in populations at risk can be a valuable tool in finding those individuals in whom sleep dysregulation may represent an early warning signal, one that may be thoroughly evaluated to identify and treat possible sleep disorders early.

Published
2024
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44. A Virtual Reality Cognitive Stimulation Program as an Effective Tool Against Residual/Prodromal Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar Disorders.

Author

Carta MG, Kurotschka PK, Machado S, Erfurth A, Sancassiani F, Perra A, Tusconi M, Cossu G, Aviles Gonzalez CI, and Primavera D

Abstract

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by a chronic course and recurrent episodes, including residual depressive symptoms even during euthymic phases. These symptoms, although not meeting criteria for a depressive episode, are linked to relapse risk and impaired social functioning. This study aims to assess whether Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation Training reduces depressive symptoms below the clinical threshold in individuals with BD. Methods: This post hoc analysis focuses on the secondary outcome (PHQ9) of a randomized-controlled trial. Participants were recruited from the Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics in Italy. The experimental group received Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation, while the control group received standard treatment Results: Data from 39 individuals in the experimental group and 25 in the control group were analyzed. A greater reduction in PHQ-9 scores (>9) was observed in the experimental group (71.8% to 48.7%) compared to the control group. Significant improvements in total PHQ-9 scores and specific symptoms were noted in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant impact of virtual reality intervention on reducing depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. This promising outcome underscores the potential preventive role of cognitive stimulation in relapse prevention. The intervention could offer valuable benefits for both treatment and prevention strategies in bipolar disorder.

Published
2024
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45. Mood Disorder Questionnaire Positivity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Chronic Diseases including Screen Bipolar Disorders or Rhythm and Energy Dysregulation Syndromes (DYMERS).

Author

Primavera D, Fornaro M, Carrà G, Romano F, Aviles Gonzales CI, Preti A, Sancassiani F, Cossu G, Nardi AE, Scano A, Orrù G, Chessa E, Floris A, Piga M, Cauli A, and Carta MG

Abstract

Introduction: This study explores the issue of paper-and-pencil screening tests for bipolar disorder, often leading to false positives. It discusses hypotheses that connect MDQ positivity with sleep disorders, a decline in health-related quality of life, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mood disorders. The study proposes that MDQ identifies a "Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome" (DYMERS), indicating a stress-related condition. It aims to investigate the association between MDQ positivity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison to other chronic disorders., Methods: This case-control study, conducted from April 2019 to February 2020, investigated MDQ positivity in patients with SLE. Ethical approvals were obtained, and statistical analysis was used for data assessment., Results: This is a case-controlled study where MDQ positivity was significantly higher in systemic lupus erythematosus cases than controls. The analysis compared gender, age, and the presence of depressive episodes between MDQ-positive and MDQ-negative cases, revealing some differences but no significant variations. Interestingly, no association with high prednisone or biologics use was observed. The frequency of MDQ positivity in systemic lupus erythematosus was compared to other chronic pathologies, revealing varying associations with each condition., Conclusion: This study reveals a high rate of (MDQ) positivity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), associated with the risk of bipolar disorder in SLE. Notable discrepancies in MDQ positivity risk factors between SLE and bipolar disorder are observed. The study emphasizes the ability of MDQ to identify a distinct syndrome characterized by rhythm dysregulation, posing a risk for bipolar disorder and other disorders., Competing Interests: Federica Sancassiani, Michele Fornaro, Giuseppe Carrà, and Antonio Egidio Nardi are the Editorial Advisory Board members, and Mauro Giovanni Carta is the Editor in Chief of the journal Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Open.)

Published
2024
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46. The long-term adherence following the end of Community Treatment Order: A systematic review.

Author

Cossu G, Kalcev G, Sancassiani F, Primavera D, Gyppaz D, Zreik T, and Carta MG

Subjects
Humans, Patient Compliance statistics & numerical data, Community Mental Health Services methods, Mental Disorders therapy, Mental Disorders drug therapy, Medication Adherence
Abstract

Background: The community treatment order (CTO) is designed to deliver mental healthcare in the community and has been introduced in around 75 jurisdictions worldwide. It constitutes a legal obligation in which individuals with severe mental illness must adhere to out-of-hospital treatment plans. Despite intense criticism and the debated nature of published evidence, it has emerged as a clinical and policy response to frequent hospital readmissions and to enhance adherence in cases where there is refusal of pharmacological treatments. This systematic review outlines findings on CTO long-term adherence, after mandatory outpatient treatment has ended, in studies that include people with psychiatric disorders., Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a review of published articles from PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL up to January 15, 2023. We included studies that assessed adherence after CTO ends. The study is registered with PROSPERO number CRD42022360879., Results: Six independent studies analyzing the main indicators of long adherence: engagement with services and medication adherence, were included. The average methodological quality of the studies included is fair. Long-term adherence was assessed over a period ranging from 11 to 28 months. Only two studies reported a statistically significant improvement. Regarding the remaining studies, no positive correlation was observed, except for certain subgroup samples, while in one study, medication adherence decreased., Conclusion: Scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that CTO has a positive role on long-term adherence post-obligation is currently not sufficient. Given the importance of modern recovery-oriented approaches and the coercive nature of compulsory outpatient treatment, it is necessary that future studies ensure the role of CTO in effectively promoting adherence., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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47. Does sex influence the natural history of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?

Author

Velucci V, Idrissi S, Pellicciari R, Esposito M, Trinchillo A, Belvisi D, Fabbrini G, Ferrazzano G, Terranova C, Girlanda P, Majorana G, Rizzo V, Bono F, Idone G, Laterza V, Avanzino L, Di Biasio F, Marchese R, Castagna A, Ramella M, Lettieri C, Rinaldo S, Altavista MC, Polidori L, Bertolasi L, Tozzi MC, Erro R, Barone P, Barbero P, Ceravolo R, Mascia MM, Ercoli T, Muroni A, Artusi CA, Zibetti M, Scaglione CLM, Bentivoglio AR, Cotelli MS, Magistrelli L, Cossu G, Albanese A, Squintani GM, Schirinzi T, Gigante AF, Maderna L, Eleopra R, Pisani A, Cassano D, Romano M, Rizzo M, Berardelli A, and Defazio G

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Sex Factors, Registries, Italy, Young Adult, Dystonia physiopathology, Blepharospasm physiopathology, Disease Progression, Age of Onset, Dystonic Disorders physiopathology
Abstract

Background: Several earlier studies showed a female predominance in idiopathic adult-onset dystonia (IAOD) affecting the craniocervical area and a male preponderance in limb dystonia. However, sex-related differences may result from bias inherent to study design. Moreover, information is lacking on whether sex-related differences exist in expressing other dystonia-associated features and dystonia spread., Objective: To provide accurate information on the relationship between sex differences, motor phenomenology, dystonia-associated features and the natural history of IAOD., Methods: Data of 1701 patients with IAOD from the Italian Dystonia Registry were analysed., Results: Women predominated over men in blepharospasm, oromandibular, laryngeal and cervical dystonia; the sex ratio was reversed in task-specific upper limb dystonia; and no clear sex difference emerged in non-task-specific upper limb dystonia and lower limb dystonia. This pattern was present at disease onset and the last examination. Women and men did not significantly differ for several dystonia-associated features and tendency to spread. In women and men, the absolute number of individuals who developed dystonia tended to increase from 20 to 60 years and then declined. However, when we stratified by site of dystonia onset, different patterns of female-to-male ratio over time could be observed in the various forms of dystonia., Conclusions: Our findings provide novel evidence on sex as a key mediator of IAOD phenotype at disease onset. Age-related sexual dimorphism may result from the varying exposures to specific age-related and sex-related environmental risk factors interacting in a complex manner with biological factors such as hormonal sex factors., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2024
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48. Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Efficacy on Fatigue and Energy Levels in Fibromyalgia: A Secondary Analysis of RCT NCT0412183.

Author

Carta MG, Cossu G, Primavera D, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Testa G, Stocchino S, Finco G, Littera MT, Deidda MC, Lorrai S, Madeddu C, Nardi AE, and Sancassiani F

Abstract

Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMs) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and a range of complex symptoms, with chronic fatigue being a central feature significantly impacting daily life. The aim of this study was to analyze the secondary outcomes, specifically those related to perceived energy and fatigue symptoms in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the efficacy of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) as an adjunctive treatment for FMs. Methods : Sixty-four FMs patients were randomly assigned to either receive 10 HRV-BF training sessions alongside standard pharmacological therapy (experimental group) or standard therapy alone for 10 weeks (control group). For this secondary analysis, potential improvements in specific items were evaluated regarding perceived energy (Item 10 of the Short-Form Health Survey), the ability to walk and climb stairs (Item 7 and Item 11 of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, respectively), and the impact of pain on movement ability (Item 17 of the Bodily and Emotional Perception of Pain). Results : The experimental group demonstrated an improvement in the perception of energy, the ability to walk, and the impact of pain on movement ability. However, the same improvement was not observed in the ability to climb stairs. Conclusions : Fatigue assessment has emerged as a crucial factor for evaluating treatment efficacy in FMs and related conditions linked to altered energy levels, such as bipolar depression, and can offer valuable insights for precisely guiding HRV-BF treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov with code: NCT04121832.

Published
2024
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49. Increased glucosylsphingosine levels and Gaucher disease in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease.

Author

Marano M, Zizzo C, Malaguti MC, Bacchin R, Cavallieri F, De Micco R, Spagnolo F, Bentivoglio AR, Schirinzi T, Bovenzi R, Ramat S, Erro R, Sorrentino C, Sucapane P, Pilotto A, Lupini A, Magliozzi A, Di Vico I, Carecchio M, Bonato G, Cilia R, Colucci F, Tamma F, Caputo E, Mostile G, Arabia G, Modugno N, Zibetti M, Ceravolo MG, Tambasco N, Cossu G, Valzania F, Manganotti P, Di Lazzaro V, Zappia M, Fabbrini G, Tinazzi M, Tessitore A, Duro G, and Di Fonzo A

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Mutation, Dried Blood Spot Testing, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Glucosylceramidase genetics, Gaucher Disease genetics, Gaucher Disease blood, Parkinson Disease genetics, Parkinson Disease blood, Psychosine analogs & derivatives, Psychosine blood
Abstract

Introduction: Gaucher's disease (GD) is caused by biallelic mutations in the GBA1 gene, leading to reduced glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity and substrate (glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, GlcSph) accumulation. GBA1 variant carriers are at risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but only those with biallelic mutations cross the threshold of GCase reduction, leading to substrate accumulation and GD. The link between GBA1 mutations, GD and PD is not fully understood. Here we aimed at reporting the results of a large PD population screening with dried blood spot tests for GD., Methods: We measured GCase activity and GlcSph levels in 1344 PD patients with dried blood spot tests, and performed GBA1 genetic sequencing., Results: While the GCase activity was reduced in GBA1-PD carriers compared to wild type PD, GlcSph was increased in GBA1-PD compared to GBA1-controls, regardless of the underlying type of GBA1 variant. 13.6 % and 0.4 % of PD patients had mono- or biallelic GBA1 mutations respectively. GCase deficiency, lipid accumulation and clinical manifestations of GD was detected in five PD patients with biallelic GBA1 mutations, of whom four had a risk combined with a GD causing variant., Conclusions: GlcSph appearing higher in PD may represent a reliable biomarker of the disease and deserves to be further investigated. This study highlights the importance of screening PD patients for possible underlying GD, which is a treatable condition that should not be missed. We diagnosed GD cases carrying a "risk" variant in one allele, which is an unprecedented finding deserving further investigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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50. An e-Health Psychoeducation Program for Managing the Mental Health of People with Bipolar Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Author

Perra A, Sancassiani F, Cantone E, Pintus E, D'Oca S, Casula A, Littarru S, Zucca S, Tumolillo D, Pinna I, Primavera D, Cossu G, Nardi AE, Kalcev G, and Carta MG

Abstract

Background: Social rhythm dysregulation has been identified as a determining factor in bipolar disorder (BD) relapses. It directly impacts individuals' quality of life (QoL). This study aims to present preliminary data on the efficacy of an e-health psychoeducational intervention for BD for improving clinical outcomes. Methods: This study used an open-label, crossover, randomized controlled trial design. The inclusion criteria consisted of a BD diagnosis, affiliation with the Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Center at the University Hospital in Cagliari, Italy, age over 18, and the obtaining of informed consent. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, QoL, and social and biological rhythms were measured using standardized instruments validated in Italian. Results: A total of 36 individuals were included in the experimental group (EG) and 18 in the control group (CG). The final sample consisted of 25 in the EG and 14 in the CG. A statistically significant improvement in QoL was found in the EG post-treatment ( p = 0.011). Significant correlations were found between QoL and the dysregulation of biorhythms in the EG at T0 ( p = 0.0048) and T1 ( p = 0.0014). Conclusions: This study shows that, during extreme distress, an e-health group psychoeducation intervention for people with BD could significantly improve the perception of QoL. The results must be confirmed by studies conducted with larger-sized samples.

Published
2024
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