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Il tema perturbante della violenza chiama insistentemente a confrontarsi con l’irruzione del disordine e dell’imprevedibile, invitando a una rivalutazione della dimensione corporeo-esistenziale della persona nella sua intrinseca vulnerabilità. La letteratura e le altre forme narrative che danno vita a questo volume prospettano al lettore una varietà di conflitti e dilemmi, reali o immaginari, i quali illuminano le tortuose traiettorie che conducono alle azioni umane più atroci. Alcuni dei livelli simbolici così dischiusi investono le manifestazioni di violenza individuale, di cui costituisce drammatica declinazione ogni forma di dominio esercitato sulla donna. Analoghi quesiti si pongono rispetto agli attacchi perpetrati dal potere istituzionale, dal kratos, che occulta dietro un simulacro di legittimità le sue condotte delittuose, come la disumanità estrema della tortura. Nel favorire lo sviluppo di una ‘pensosità’ che cerchi di spiegare – per poter contrastare – gli oltraggi alla dignità della persona, il volume, attraverso una lettura originale di capolavori della narrativa (da Capote a Bulgakov, passando per Hardy, Atwood, Kafka, Coetzee e Burgess), dischiude orizzonti di senso nei quali sono il discorso e le storie a guidare il lettore nella comprensione dei conflitti e nella ritessitura dei legami tra gli esseri umani. Solo per mezzo di narrazioni capaci di portare allo scoperto e sciogliere le radici della violenza, quella terra, che raccoglie il sangue di Abele e che «grida» con un silenzio che inaridisce, può tornare a generare i suoi frutti., This volume of the 'Justice and Literature' series explores the many and complex relationships between human beings and violence, as well as between law and violence, strating from the analysis and discussion of masterpieces of both literature and other narrative forms (movies, tv series, etc.) and ranging over the works of Franz Kafka, Thomas Hardy, Michail Bulgakov, Truman Capote, John Coetzee, Carlo Emilio Gadda, Margaret Atwood, Alberto Moravia, Stanley Kubrick, and many more.

Il testo è un commento critico-sistematico della disciplina in materia di trattamento rieducativo e trattamento penitenziario, nonché di elementi del trattamento. L'analisi cerca di porre in evidenza l'intreccio tra il piano giuridico è quello specialmente criminologico, nonché l'importanza per l'inquadramento della materia di un costante legame con i principi costituzionali, non solo in materia penale, ma Soprattutto nelle norme nelle quali vengono riconosciuti i diritti fondamentali della persona, a cominciare dal diritto matrice costituito dalla dignità umana The text is a critical-systematic commentary on the discipline regarding the so-called tretnebt (and just the term “treatment” is quite problematic) , meaning the re-educational treatment and the penitentiary treatment as well, together with the elements of the treatment in prison . The analysis seeks to highlight the intertwining between the legal and especially the criminological levels, as well as the importance for the framing of the matter of a constant link with constitutional principles, not only in criminal matters, but above all in the rules in which fundamental human rights are recognised, starting with the basic mother.right which is human dignity

This chapter introduces the reader to the complex relationship between violence, law, and literary forms of expression.

Ogni ordinamento giuridico, se vuole essere davvero a misura d’uomo, deve comprendere la natura intrinsecamente narrativa dell’umano, del nostro essere per vocazione narratori e ascoltatori di storie: solo attraverso questa riconciliazione con la mutevolezza dell’esistenza è possibile mantenere la stabilità e coerenza delle regole ma al contempo venire incontro pienamente alla richiesta di giustizia della società umana. È qui che nasce il bisogno di un dialogo sempre aperto tra diritto e letteratura, essenziale per tutti coloro che concorrono a vario titolo all’amministrazione della giustizia: magistrati, avvocati, ma anche semplici cittadini. Questo volume sintetizza la grande avventura scaturita da una tale consapevolezza e attraversata nell’arco di quasi quindici anni dall’Alta Scuola “Federico Stella” sulla Giustizia Penale con il progetto ‘Giustizia e letteratura’. Gli agili saggi di taglio divulgativo che lo compongono illustrano alcune delle opere e degli ambiti letterari esplorati nel corso di questo lungo cammino, da Manzoni a Sciascia, da Shakespeare a Steinbeck, dal grande canone letterario a qualificate opere di genere, con incursioni nel giallo e nella fantascienza. [Seconda di copertina]

Il contributo introduce natura e finalità del volume "Tra Giustizia e Letteratura. Un'avventura del pensiero", concepito con il fine di trarre - e offrire al lettore - nuove idee e prospettive dal progetto in materia di Giustizia e Letteratura in corso da ormai quindici anni presso l'Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano a cura dell'Alta Scuola "Federico Stella" sulla Giustizia Penale.

Science fiction and dystopian narratives often address, in different ways and through different media, deep and complex issues of (in)justice, and thus a wide range of different legal as well as ethical problems, questions, and dilemmas. Science fiction thus offers a fertile (albeit oft neglected) ground for Law & Literature studies, even more nowadays, when ever faster scientific and technological change and evolution keeps confronting humankind with new legal and ethical challenges. This Introduction highlights how the essays collected in this volume explore how science fiction can help critically reflect on such issues and, even more, on universal and everlasting questions of justice and injustice relating to the deepest abysses of human nature.

Quello della fantascienza e delle distopie è un vastissimo universo narrativo (comprensivo di opere cinematografiche e serie televisive) in cui il confronto con temi e problemi di giustizia appare particolarmente serrato, malgrado la frequente sottovalutazione di questo filone legata all’etichetta di genere e alla proliferazione di prodotti commerciali. Eppure, in un mondo in cui la sempre più rapida evoluzione tecnologica rende attuali, e anzi impellenti, questioni etiche, filosofiche e sociopolitiche un momento prima apparentemente remote e ‘futuribili’, confrontarsi con gli scenari immaginati dai grandi autori di fantascienza diventa ineludibile, per il giurista come per il cittadino. La fantascienza di qualità letteraria, presa in considerazione dai saggi qui raccolti, presenta anzi al lettore o spettatore un’incredibile varietà di conflitti, questioni giuridiche e dilemmi morali, in superficie legati a specifici sviluppi tecnologici, reali o immaginifici, ma assai spesso, a un’analisi più approfondita, di portata universale. Nel trasportare il lettore «oltre i confini della realtà» attuale, l’analisi della letteratura fantascientifica compiuta dagli autori del presente volume finisce quindi per incoraggiarlo a spingersi «dove nessuno è mai giunto prima» nell’esplorazione della vera «ultima frontiera» adombrata dalla metafora dello spazio intergalattico: le profondità dell’umano e, «in uno specchio oscuro», del disumano., Science fiction and dystopian narratives often address, in different ways and through different media, deep and complex issues of (in)justice, and thus a wide range of different legal as well as ethical problems, questions, and dilemmas. Science fiction thus offers a fertile (albeit oft neglected) ground for Law & Literature studies, even more nowadays, when ever faster scientific and technological change and evolution keeps confronting humankind with new legal and ethical challenges. The essays collected in this volume explore how science fiction can help critically reflect on such issues and, even more, on universal and everlasting questions of justice and injustice relating to the deepest abysses of human nature.

La letteratura moderna, in particolare nei capolavori, tra gli altri, di Manzoni, Camus, Steinbeck presi in considerazione nel presente volume, con la capacità di iscriversi nelle coscienze che è propria della grande narrativa, ha posto sotto gli occhi e dentro la mente del lettore le crudeli devastazioni della antica e perversa dinamica alla base della costruzione del capro espiatorio e dei riti sacrificali. Specie di quelli che rivestano le pratiche persecutorie col manto legittimo e rispettabile del diritto e del processo penale. Dinamica che in René Girard ha trovato uno dei suoi massimi diagnosti e di cui il libro invita a fare dolente ma salutare esperienza, calandosi negli abissi più oscuri dell’animo umano, non senza riemergerne con possibili prospettive di giustizia e antidoti culturali e regolativi idonei a portare alla luce, contrastare o almeno contenere la formidabile spinta alla ricerca di vittime su cui illusoriamente scaricare colpe e nodi irrisolti da individui, istituzioni e collettività. Nella Storia della colonna infame di Alessandro Manzoni, da cui non a caso si è tratta ispirazione per il titolo del volume, il meccanismo del capro espiatorio trova il suo unico punto di rottura nella figura di Gasparo Migliavacca che, come Cristo in Girard, rifiuta di espandere la furia sacrificale evitando ulteriori chiamate di correità. Senza il suo esempio – come si legge nel libro – l’uomo sarebbe costretto a negare la Provvidenza o ad accu¬sarla, cioè si troverebbe vincolato all’interno di un dualismo incapace di dare una risposta al problema dell’esistenza del male. [Risvolto di copertina]

Il ricongiungimento compiuto dalla critica letteraria dei due capolavori di Alessandro Manzoni I promessi sposi e La storia della colonna infame permette di porre eon ancora maggiore nettezza le questioni di giustizia chi già ciascuna di queste due opere sollevava. Inparticolare ne emerge sia la discussione circa il permanere di una responsabilità individuale anche in presenza di una coercizione, sia essa fisica o anche soltanto morale. Questione che riguarda Soprattutto il personaggio di don Abbondio ma anche altri personaggi dei Promessi sposi e perfino le vittime delle torture perpetrate dagli inquisitori milanesi nella Colonna infame. Si coglie poi l'illustrazione dei guasti prodotti dalla furia delle passioni non controllate dalla razionalità e da un diritto asservito alla pressione delle moltitudini. Infine si delinea magistralmente la classica e devastante dinamica della compensazione della paura verso ciò che non si conosce o non si comprende attraverso il giudizio di condanna e soprattutto l'illusione di trovare luce attraverso la fisicità del corpo suppliziato di capri espiatori. Anche questi perversi meccanismi devono però essere compresi e spiegati, prima ancora che deprecati, nel loro sorgere e sviluppo per poter essere contrastati sul nascere., The reunion made by the literary criticism of the two masterpieces of Alessandro Manzoni I promessi sposi and La storia della Colonna infame allows us to consider with even greater clarity the questions of justice that each of these two works already raised. In particular, it emerges both the discussion about the persistence of an individual responsibility even when a coercion is exerted, be it physical or merely moral. A question that mainly concerns the character of Don Abbondio but also other characters of the Promessi sposi and even the victims of the torture perpetrated by the Milanese inquisitors in the Colonna infame. Then we see the illustration of the damages produced by the fury of passions not controlled by rationality and by a law subservient to the pressure of the multitudes. Finally, in these two works we find is masterfully outlined the classic and devastating dynamics of the compensation of fear towards what is not known or understood through convictions of innocent individuals and above all the illusion of finding light through the physicality of the tortured body of scapegoats. However, even these perverse mechanisms must be understood and explained, before being deprecated, in their emergence and development in order to be countered in the bud.

This chapter introduces the reader to the origins, structure and main contents of the volume 'The shadow of the "columns of infamy". Literature and the ijustice of scapegoating' ['L'ombra delle "colonne infami". La letteratura e l'ingiustizia del capro espiatorio'].

La letteratura moderna, in particolare nei capolavori, tra gli altri, di Manzoni, Camus, Steinbeck presi in considerazione nel presente volume, con la capacità di iscriversi nelle coscienze che è propria della grande narrativa, ha posto sotto gli occhi e dentro la mente del lettore le crudeli devastazioni della antica e perversa dinamica alla base della costruzione del capro espiatorio e dei riti sacrificali. Specie di quelli che rivestano le pratiche persecutorie col manto legittimo e rispettabile del diritto e del processo penale. Dinamica che in René Girard ha trovato uno dei suoi massimi diagnosti e di cui il libro invita a fare dolente ma salutare esperienza, calandosi negli abissi più oscuri dell’animo umano, non senza riemergerne con possibili prospettive di giustizia e antidoti culturali e regolativi idonei a portare alla luce, contrastare o almeno contenere la formidabile spinta alla ricerca di vittime su cui illusoriamente scaricare colpe e nodi irrisolti da individui, istituzioni e collettività. Nella Storia della colonna infame di Alessandro Manzoni, da cui non a caso si è tratta ispirazione per il titolo del volume, il meccanismo del capro espiatorio trova il suo unico punto di rottura nella figura di Gasparo Migliavacca che, come Cristo in Girard, rifiuta di espandere la furia sacrificale evitando ulteriori chiamate di correità. Senza il suo esempio – come si legge nel libro – l’uomo sarebbe costretto a negare la Provvidenza o ad accu¬sarla, cioè si troverebbe vincolato all’interno di un dualismo incapace di dare una risposta al problema dell’esistenza del male. [Risvolto di copertina]

This chapter introduces the reader to the origins, structure and main contents of the volume 'The shadow of the "columns of infamy". Literature and the ijustice of scapegoating' ['L'ombra delle "colonne infami". La letteratura e l'ingiustizia del capro espiatorio'].

Il ricongiungimento compiuto dalla critica letteraria dei due capolavori di Alessandro Manzoni I promessi sposi e La storia della colonna infame permette di porre eon ancora maggiore nettezza le questioni di giustizia chi già ciascuna di queste due opere sollevava. Inparticolare ne emerge sia la discussione circa il permanere di una responsabilità individuale anche in presenza di una coercizione, sia essa fisica o anche soltanto morale. Questione che riguarda Soprattutto il personaggio di don Abbondio ma anche altri personaggi dei Promessi sposi e perfino le vittime delle torture perpetrate dagli inquisitori milanesi nella Colonna infame. Si coglie poi l'illustrazione dei guasti prodotti dalla furia delle passioni non controllate dalla razionalità e da un diritto asservito alla pressione delle moltitudini. Infine si delinea magistralmente la classica e devastante dinamica della compensazione della paura verso ciò che non si conosce o non si comprende attraverso il giudizio di condanna e soprattutto l'illusione di trovare luce attraverso la fisicità del corpo suppliziato di capri espiatori. Anche questi perversi meccanismi devono però essere compresi e spiegati, prima ancora che deprecati, nel loro sorgere e sviluppo per poter essere contrastati sul nascere., The reunion made by the literary criticism of the two masterpieces of Alessandro Manzoni I promessi sposi and La storia della Colonna infame allows us to consider with even greater clarity the questions of justice that each of these two works already raised. In particular, it emerges both the discussion about the persistence of an individual responsibility even when a coercion is exerted, be it physical or merely moral. A question that mainly concerns the character of Don Abbondio but also other characters of the Promessi sposi and even the victims of the torture perpetrated by the Milanese inquisitors in the Colonna infame. Then we see the illustration of the damages produced by the fury of passions not controlled by rationality and by a law subservient to the pressure of the multitudes. Finally, in these two works we find is masterfully outlined the classic and devastating dynamics of the compensation of fear towards what is not known or understood through convictions of innocent individuals and above all the illusion of finding light through the physicality of the tortured body of scapegoats. However, even these perverse mechanisms must be understood and explained, before being deprecated, in their emergence and development in order to be countered in the bud.

«He made a mistake, he has to pay», «if I sacrifice something, in return...»: there is a reasonable madness in the human being who accounts for justice, earthly and otherwise. And this has always happened. Both human sacrifice and the scapegoat, of which the first represents a sort of extreme exasperation, constitute authentic "anthropological follies" which nevertheless reveal, as often happens when one is confronted with the deepest and most extreme aspects of human experience, their irreducible reasonableness. But if vengeance or balance is followed in judging, where does one arrive? In order to try to understand the meaning of such follies, it is necessary to go back to the primacy of the economics which is at the origin of the sacrificial drive, which not by chance has always contaminated religious experiences and the practices of justice. And it did so by dressing up in appearances, often respectable and captivating, different in its attires , but always the same in making use of punitive "logical follies" for a perennial exercise of self-deception. Does increasing the severity of punishment really decrease the crime? Can sacrificing one life in exchange for another be reasonable? Yet mirroring itself in the shadow of its prisons and its penalties, legal or social, every era can win a hope of truth. Even if only that of the grimace on the face that withdraws from the light, to quote Franz Kafka. An inspiring study by a philosopher-anthropologist and a jurist on the intricate intertwining of economics, religion and justice.

The essay, focused on the idea of “substantive criminal law”, explores the ways criminal legal system can adequately conveyan interpretation of norms really compliant with legality principle , being well known how the hermeneutic process is deeply affected by a pre-comprehension of facts to which norms are applied thus exposing judicial decisions to the risk of arbitrariness. In order to guide in the selection of relevant facts or features thereof, and then to rejuvenate a really weakened ability of criminal law ro substtaìtially steer legal decisions, the ultima ratio principle should be considered not just in the law-making, but also in judicial decisions, just for a better understanding of other basic principles like the harm and legality ones. This can be achieved through the awareness of the “positional” logic (in a meaning the author draws from Ludwig Wittgestnein’s philosophy) just inherent in the idea of criminal law as ultima ratio, namely to be deployed for social control only after having considered the ability of other means to protect relevant interests

Inspired by a posthumous writing by the great jurist Michele Taruffo (an ironic apologue on the post-Babel human condition), the text reflects on the limits and potentials of interdisciplinary integration of law and on how much the latter requires the ability to communicate with different languages, taking note with humility of the non-exclusivity or dominance the language of jurists and letting loneself be guided by a genuine interest in worlds that open up beyond the normative sphere

Prisons ashould increasingly be regarded as physical and mental places in which fundamental issues are at stak, so relevant for societies and institutions, vigorously called upon to take care of their freedoms through a participatory and expert attention aimed at the condition of those who are deprived of them "by law" . Just the kind of attention this manual aims at exercising and eliciting fostering a new and penetrating look at the penitentiary question, both for the multidisciplinary angle offered by scholars of different scientific and professional sensitivities and skills, and for the critical-perspective analysis of the matter that unfolds there: while taking note of the undoubted advances in recent decades on the path of humanization and the re-educational purpose of the criminal punishment, the view embraces the path still to be taken (e.g. in the discipline of alternative measures with the elimination of foreclosures and automatisms, of restorative justice and of the treatment of the mentally ill ...). Therefore, trajectories are drawn that are also pushed beyond the existing legislation, not only in view of further reforms, but to offer mobile, complex and stimulating interpretations, up to the needs of understanding that penitentiary matters increasingly demand from everyone, yes from everyone belonging to the human kind.

The idea of "treatment" and its limitations are discussed, distinguishing between rehabilitation treatment and penitentiary treatment and prerequisites highlighting the features thereof requiringrespect of human dignity and individualization fo measures, as conditions to make them conducive to resocialization, After such general assessment of the costitutional principles affecting the way the life in prison should be shaped, the following topics are discussed: tThe subjects of the treatment; the environment of the treatment; the institutional actors of the treatment; the right to health in prison and the other conditions of detention; tansfers and translations; the internal regulation; the judicial protection of the rights of the detainees and inmates during the treatment; the cientific observation of personality; the experts pursuant to art; the role of the criminologists; modalities and elements of the treatment; cContacts with the outside world; relations with the family; isual interviews; telephone and correspondence ; possession of objects; permits and licenses; education and professional training; work. In prison and outside; reimbursement obligation; voluntary and free activities; religion , worship, sporting and recreational activities; the rights to access information.

Even from the dramatic crisis underway valuable experiences can and should be drawn, to make good use of them, for now and for tomorrow. Among such experiences the new and fundamental one, both for legal professionals and for ordinary citizens, is the vision of a world of rules on the observance or transgression of which people's lives are being played out. Rules that reveal in full view, as rarely happens, the language with which life, nature and the environment speak to us. From now on, the entire regulatory system should pay attention to this language. It is the conviction that inspires this book, born from the hope that the "Federico Stella" Postgraduate School on Criminal Justice had a 'way' to talk to the country and to the academic community about the huge problem of the pandemic that we are all facing together, to prepare ourselves with awareness and determination to the great challenges that we all will confront in the next months and years.

Despite the dramatic ongoing crisis, there are experiences in it of which all of us can and should make good use, as now and tomorrow. Among them, the new and fundamental one both for legal professionals and for ordinary citizens; the vision of a world of rules on whose observance or transgression people's lives are being played out. Rules that seem to set themselves listening to the language with which life, nature and the environment speak to us. From now on, the entire regulatory system should recover essentiality recovering essentiality, in content and extension from the exercise of this listening learning how to get rid of an excess of coercion and to make everyoon develop one’s own sense of responsibility, respect and conscienca. Great literature also educates it, which can inspire that constant search for the 'positive complementary' within the overall negativity of situations and experiences; an attitude that preserves from the illusion of overcoming fear with devilishly divisive thrusts, with the war against enemies to be fought and scapegoats to be punish

Even from the dramatic crisis underway valuable experiences can and should be drawn, to make good use of them, for now and for tomorrow. Among such experiences the new and fundamental one, both for legal professionals and for ordinary citizens, is the vision of a world of rules on the observance or transgression of which people's lives are being played out. Rules that reveal in full view, as rarely happens, the language with which life, nature and the environment speak to us. From now on, the entire regulatory system should pay attention to this language. It is the conviction that inspires this book, born from the hope that the "Federico Stella" Postgraduate School on Criminal Justice had a 'way' to talk to the country and to the academic community about the huge problem of the pandemic that we are all facing together, to prepare ourselves with awareness and determination to the great challenges that we all will confront in the next months and years.

Although very different and not comparable, the unique story of the Shoah and that of the post-WWII Istrian-Dalmatian exile offer the opportunity for a painful reflection on the meaning of memory and on the risk that a memory not lived and participated, but ritual and rhetoric, perpetuate that same distance (cultural, social and psychological) from the victims which constitutes one of the main factors which conceal to the conscience the perception of inhumanity and violence. The well-known Milgram test offers a fundamental illustration thereof and indicates, as Z. Bauman observed, commenting it, that "the most terrible news revealed by the Holocaust and by what had been learned about its perpetrators was not the probability that something similar could be done to us, but the idea that we could do it ».

The study of white-collar and corporate crime has long been focusing mainly on its economic consequences, due to its connection with legitimate professional and business activities. Yet, even since E.H. Sutherland’s seminal studies, there has been a lingering sense of the broader scope of harmful consequences of corporate crime. This essay focuses on the social ‘anomic’ harm related to an ingrained feature of abuse of trust, typical of corporate crimes, as well as the increasing awareness of the ever growing spread and negative impact on human life and health of offences falling under the definition of ‘corporate violence’.

The introduction explains that the volume inaugurates the new and innovative book series of the "Federico Stella" Postgraduate School on Criminal Justice (ASGP), designed to collect the most qualified scientific production of this academic institution of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart that has received, developed and expanded in various sectors l legacy of the "Federico Stella" Study Center on Criminal Justice and Criminal Policy (CSGP), already active for several years. The topic chosen for this first book in the series is extremely revealing of the overall scope of the series as well as of ASGP research and teaching aims: coping with important current legal issues through an interdisciplinary approach. The main features of the problem of lobbying and its regulations, as dealt in the book are highlighted. The regulation of lobbying, besides a good and sound legal framework, requires adequate technical skills among public officials and politicians. The introduction thus concludes remarking how the "tangible and intangible assets" towards which it is a priority to direct cultural and moral investment of a community), is the professional and technical training of the subjects on which social and institutional responsibilities lie at all levels. It is above all thanks to an adequate supply of knowledge and skills that not only can the duty of citizens "to whom public functions are entrusted" to "fulfill them with discipline and honor" (art. 54 co. 2 of the Constitution), but also the one burdening on every citizen to contribute to the "material and spiritual progress of society" (art. 4, co. 2 of the Constitution). We could not realistically expect compliance with that first duty required of administrations, without the widespread awareness of the importance that everyone has the cultural tools to fulfill the second.

Within a wide and continuing dialogue of law (and justice) with literature, the essay focuses on the main character of Goethe’s drama, Iphigenia in Tauris. The relationship (interaction) between her and king Toas is deemed particularly meaningful for the legal perspective, as her renunciation of violence and deception as means to free herself from captivity seems to effect a matching renunciation of the punishing violence of his barbarian state, just thanks to the exposed innocence of the young priestess of Diana A kind of innocence apt to move and humanize the harsh rigours of criminal law is seen also in the historical character of Kaspar Hauser, whose mysterious case has long intrigued German culture and directly affected one of the most prominent criminal lawyers of nineteenth century, Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach

Modernity has effected what has been aptly dubbed a “horror pleni”, namely an abundance of stimuli and things, a loss of the interval and of the pauses, which have largely deprived the individual of his thoughtfulness, and thus of the ability to create and perceive between self and neighbor, between one's age and the next a "pause", so vital for considering the different sides of reality and thus for ethical behaviors, for really beign able to pay attention to other’s humanity and needs. The outcomes of such anthropological development have deepened during the so called late-modernity, even affecting criminal justice and enhancing “punitiveness”: a term and a concept not well defined, which however can convey the idea of a general social attitude prone to search and punish the culprit whenever a problem or a conflict arise, instead of trying to understand ina dvance the situation and thus acting on the roots of bad behaviors before the time a punishment is unavoidable.

Attraverso la coltre oscura, tragica e irredimibile della guerra riesce talora a filtrare qualche bagliore di verità e dignità, di ‘tregue pensose’: atti di riconoscimento del ‘volto dell’altro’, azioni giuste, oltre la semplice obbedienza all’ordine ricevuto. È la narrazione letteraria che sa disvelare, nelle ‘tempeste d’acciaio’ del conflitto di massa e della carneficina industrializzata, non meno che nelle vite di ogni giorno, quanto vi è di ‘spiritualmente tipico’: la ‘dimensione spettrale’, come avrebbe detto lo scrittore Robert Musil, in cui si invera l’‘umano’. Si può forse pensare che questa magia di disvelamento, che si rinnova ogni volta nelle grandi narrazioni, non sia destinata a illuminare – ieri, oggi e sempre – chi, per professione o per semplice appartenenza al genere umano, voglia debba confrontarsi con la ‘domanda di giustizia’? E che ad addensare ancor più questa domanda, guidandola verso risposte possibili, non sia proprio lo sguardo di una letteratura che abbia saputo penetrare nell’estremo scempio della guerra, di una guerra che è stata detta Grande? La Grande Guerra. Storie e parole di giustizia è ricerca dolente e partecipe di ‘parole giuste’, ispirate dalle storie di chi o su chi ha attraversato gli abissi di un conflitto mai veramente finito, perché coagulo e anticipazione di molti degli orrori dei nostri recenti passati e di un presente che ancora non riesce a liberarsi dallo spettro di Polemos. ., Through the obscure, tragic and irredeemable clouds of war, sometimes filters out some gleam of truth and dignity: 'thoughtful truces', acts of recognition of the 'face of the other', right actions, beyond the simple obedience to the order received. It is the literary narrative that knows how to distinguish, in the 'steel storms' of mass conflict and industrial carnage, no less than in everyday lives, what is 'spiritually typical', the 'spectral dimension' ', as the Austrian writer Robert Musil would have said, in which the human mettle can show itself. One may perhaps think that this magic of disarmament, which is renewed every time in the great narratives, is destined to enlighten - yesterday, today and always - those who, by profession and by simple belonging to the human race, desire and must confront themselves. with the 'question of justice'. To thicken even more this great issue, guiding it to possible answers, it is really the look of literature that has been able to penetrate the extreme destruction of the war, of a war that has been called ‘Great’. The book - a collection of essays written by lawyers, historians, political scientists, literary and film critics, philosophers and writers - is a painful and participatory search for 'right words', inspired by the stories of those who have crossed the abysses of the conflict. A war that can be named Great also because it really never ended as it epitomized and anticipated many of the horrors of our recent past and of a present that still is not able to free itself from the ghost of “Polemos”, from the hostility towards all those who are or may be deemed as ‘other’, namely as people somewhat looked and treated as adversaries

white-collar crimes and corporate violence are defined and discussed from a victims perspective, especially highlighted and enhanced by the EU Directive n.29/2012 which is deemed as having effected a groundbreaking change in the approach to criminal justice and environmental issues. The essay is largely based on the outcomes of a research funded by the European Commission that has been coordinated by the author.

Some features of Sergio Cotta's scholarship are highlighted especially in the anticipatory vision on the changes technology would have effected in anthropolgy. The role of legal philosophy in the pespective of current legal practitioners is also shortly discussed.

George Fletcher, the prominent American legal scholar, the master of comparative and transnational law is also author of literary work, a novel depicting the academic and personal experiences of a professor in a law school. Just this feature gives some hints on the ways law and literature can interact, as well developed and theorized by the “Law and Literature” movement, as well as in the project “Justice and Literature” the author of the essay has been directing for many years. Just the title of the novel – The Bond – stirs several associations with the ability of Fletcher to bond together different legal cultures and categories, displaying how the «only connect» motto resounding in a novel of E.M. Forster is so vital for law scholars and practitioners as well. From this noteworthy “Life in seven languages” (as a work on Fletcher’s own legal and family life is titled) the essay draws some teachings and remarks for current Italian lawmakers, especially highlighting the need for them to take care, in theory and practice,of what is required to steer and actually effect application and enforcement of laws, especially criminal laws:, not contenting themselves with the mere drafting of legal texts easily amenable and quite palatable to popular demands.

while discussing the different approaches to the issue of historical pollutions (namely pollutions stemming from previous times and "inherited" by current companies or individuals thus facing possible liabilities) and underlining the overwhelming role allotted to ciminal law as main (and often quite unit) way of responding to the problem in Italy, the connections with the protection of victims of corporations (and the relevant EU Durective n. 29/2012) are highlighted.

The1914 "Christmas Truce" on the Western front of the 1st World War is described and analyzed in its development and especially in its genesis as the epitome of the idea of "truce", namely of all those "truces" which occur in human life and breaks the incessant movent toward fight or vengeance, giving rise to opportunities for thought and for hearing the voice of one's conscience. . Some quotes from Primo Levi's book "The Truce" seem to grasp this almost metaphisical meaning of "truce". Such truces are particularly needed in the parctice of law, and especially criminal law, allowing to listen to the need and the stories of victims and offenders, Restorative justice can be deemed as a way of inserting in the mechanichs of prosecution and as a kind of relenting truce in the rush to find culprits and achieve punishment as its goal.

La Direttiva 2012/29/UE tutela le vittime di reato e mira ad assicurare loro un più effettivo accesso alla giustizia nel rispetto delle garanzie del giusto processo, del diritto di difesa e del principio del contraddittorio. La Direttiva sottolinea, in particolare, la necessità di proteggere in modo personalizzato e individualizzato tutte le vittime di reato, con speciale riguardo per le persone ‘vulnerabili’. Tanto negli ordinamenti nazionali quanto nell'operato delle istituzioni si riscontra, però, un’ancora insufficiente attenzione verso una nutrita categoria di vittime: le vittime della criminalità d’impresa e, in particolare, le vittime di quella che la letteratura internazionale definisce corporate violence. Con la locuzione corporate violence si identificano le condotte penalmente rilevanti, pur riconducibili all'ordinaria attività d’impresa, lesive della salute, dell'integrità fisica o della vita delle persone: illeciti ambientali che determinano danni alla vita, alla incolumità pubblica o individuale; commercializzazione di prodotti difettosi o pericolosi che cagionano pregiudizio alla vita o alla salute dei consumatori (per esempio, prodotti alimentari e farmaceutici); infortuni sul lavoro dovuti a violazione della disciplina sulla sicurezza sul lavoro. Il volume, frutto di un progetto finanziato dall’Unione Europea (www.victimsandcorporations.eu), offre uno studio approfondito della Direttiva 2012/29/EU sotto i profili giuridici e vittimologico-criminologici, analizzando le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche dell’applicazione della Direttiva Vittima in generale e nei casi di corporate violence, con un’attenzione al più ampio quadro delle politiche europee in materia ambientale, farmaceutica e alimentare e delle politiche europee e internazionali in tema di vittime e soggetti vulnerabili. L’opera affronta le principali questioni connesse alla peculiare vulnerabilità delle vittime di corporate violence (squilibri informativi, patologie lungolatenti, The book is the final publication of the EU-funded project “Victims and Corporations. Implementation of Directive 2012/29/EU for victims of corporate crimes and corporate violence” (www.victimsandcorporations.eu). European Union Directive 2012/29/UE introduces a ‘system’ of minimum standards on the rights, support and protection for victims of crimes, and their participation to criminal proceedings, without prejudice to the rights of the offender. Within the scope of the Directive and its definition of ‘victim’, though, there is a relevant group of victims who have not yet received enough consideration, and whose access to justice may be at stake. It is the victims of corporate crimes, and particularly of corporate violence, meaning those criminal offences committed by corporations in the course of their legitimate activities, which result in harms to natural persons’ health, integrity, or life. Within the vast area of corporate crime, the project and this publication focus on three main strands of victimisation: environmental crime, food safety violations and offences in the pharmaceutical industry with the aim to explore intersections and potential synergies between Directive 2012/29/EU and the existing body of EU legal tools in these three sectors. The publication also includes an overview of the current ‘state of the art’ with respect to the general issue of victims’ rights, support and protection in light of the EU Directive; a comparison with the principles emerging from the ECtHR case law and the broader field of international law; a study of the existing criminological and victimological literature on corporate crime and corporate violence, its harms, and its victims, integrated with the results of the empirical research which was part of the Project; an analytical discussion of said results with respect to the specific issues related to access to justice by victims of corporate violence and to support needs of said victims; a discussion of the possible bene

The idea of mercy can be highly inspiring also in the field of law, although, like every scholar or practitioner not initiated in theology, the legal professional too cannot expect to easily find guidelines and orientations for his specialized skills and knowledge drawing upon the huge treasures of religious wisdom. Greatly helpful in the attempt of fully grasping the essential meanings of this idea are those interpretive approaches which explore and reveal its anthropological and cultural premises, thus allowing the legal scholar not to take ‘mercy’ at its face value, namely as somewhat simply equivalent to compassion, leniency or forgiveness. Mercy as an attitude has its roots in the ability to consider ‘time’ more important than ‘space’ (as expressed by Pope Francis in his exhortation Evangelii Gaudium), namely to take all the time needed to listen to ‘other’s’ words and truths, without rushing to embrace simplified solutions short-term protection policies supplied by populists who have no regard for their long-term human and material costs for society. This preserved time allows of the respect for dignity, liberty, rights and humanity of people, even while devising and applying responses to wrongdoings or even crimes, thus taking heed of the long term needs of society, as well as of both victims and offenders, as epitomized in the experience of restorative justice.

An introduction to the definition of "public order" and to its meaning in the criminal code as well as in various laws, and an overview of some of the main issues arising in this title of the Italian Criminakl Code, first and foremost due to the difficulty to comply with the harm principle because of the blurred boundaries of this concept.

The author deems that literature and especially literary works of high aesthetic quality are relevant to law as their reading can foster, among legal practitioners as well as the general public confronted with legal matters through mass medias, those cognitive and moral virtues of empathy, attention, humanity and patience which are required to understand the complex issues law must deal with. That is particularly appropriate in the field of criminal law, where such virtues make up the cornerstone of the ability to consider and actually apply t(on the part of policymakers and the judiciary as well) the subsidiarity i.e. ultima ratio principle, namely the recourse to criminal law for protection against offences only when other social or legal means are proved to be ineffective.

The author deems that literature and especially literary works of high aesthetic quality are relevant to law as their reading can foster, among legal practitioners as well as the general public confronted with legal matters through mass medias, those cognitive and moral virtues of empathy, attention, humanity and patience which are required to understand the complex issues law must deal with. That is particularly appropriate in the field of criminal law, where such virtues make up the cornerstone of the ability to consider and actually apply t(on the part of policymakers and the judiciary as well) the subsidiarity i.e. ultima ratio principle, namely the recourse to criminal law for protection against offences only when other social or legal means are proved to be ineffective.

Any discussion on the "criminalization of dissenting opinions" is expected to lead to a general rebuttal. Dealing with this issue makes more sense if one considers the contemporary communicative non-space where violent and, above all, surprising utterances, even racist or simply negationist, seem to offer an easy redemption from the uniformity of virtual worlds, namely a phoney recovery of a lost "physicality" as individuals. In front of public expressions that undermine essential ethical and political foundations of society and upon which the media world easily bestows "moral salience” just for their sheer "strong shades", new interests, as worthy of criminal law protection, should be chosen. Also drawing from an interesting ECHR case law, a balance should be devised between the situations where the value of dignity is realized: in proportion to the limits freedom of expression meets as a component of human dignity, respect for the feelings of people belonging to communities which have suffered genocides seems worth of a criminal protection.

[Dalla seconda di copertina:] Il volume completa una trilogia che raccoglie i doni del ‘genio’ mobile e sapiente sprigionato dall’infinito universo delle storie raccontate; da quella ‘lampada’ meravigliosa della letteratura che, una volta ‘strofinata’ dall’‘anello’ del diritto, genera sempre nuove risposte alla domanda inesauribile di Giustizia che corre tra gli uomini: preziose per il giurista, non meno che per il letterato. La solida pedana da cui si è spiccato il volo è pur sempre quella, ormai tradizionale nelle università e nelle law schools di tutto il mondo, del Law and Literature Movement. Ma qui è il volo verso l’altro, verso l’oltre, che fa la differenza, che sa colmare il solco profondo che separa la fluidità senza confini della vita e la rigidità dell’ordine giuridico. Scrittori, critici letterari, esperti di comunicazione, filosofi e giuristi guidano il lettore lungo un itinerario di originalissima lettura di grandi capolavori della letteratura classica e moderna (da Dante a McCarthy, passando per Hugo, Dumas, Dickens e Stevenson), tra i quali ognuno può trovare la propria ‘giusta’ rotta nel mare del vivere insieme: l’applicazione equa della legge, il rapporto tra diritto, etica e costume, la questione della responsabilità, della vendetta e del perdono, le tragedie del pregiudizio, il valore della dignità e del pensiero, il tema della narrazione come veicolo di formazione morale e resistenza alla disumanità. Grazie a un impianto teorico rigoroso, esperienza letteraria e applicazione del diritto sono congiunte dal ‘ponte invisibile’ di una nuova idea di Giustizia. Il volume, che trae origine dalla serie di incontri organizzati dal Centro Studi “Federico Stella” sulla Giustizia penale e la Politica criminale dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, mantiene intatti i frutti, sapidi e carnosi, di quell’esperienza di vitalità dialogica e di passione generosa., The book explores and links different cultures, disciplines and perspectives, with a far more original and broad approach to the relations between “Justice” and “Literature” than more traditional works focused on “Law” and “Literature”. The many contributions from writers, literature and movie critics, criminologists, and criminal law practitioners and scholars, draw a complex and interdisciplinary path through primary texts of Italian and international literature, with the aim of prompting readers’ reflections about core issues related to law, crime, and responsibility. Through the analysis of masterpieces of literature, such as Dante’s “Comedy”, Victor Hugo’s, Alexandre Dumas’, Charles Dickens’, and Robert Louis Stevenson’s novels, as well as Cormac McCarthy’s narratives, this book aims at stimulating dialogue and debate, as well as critical abilities and a deep-rooted sense of justice, amongst both law professionals and citizens at large. Literature and other forms of narration are presented here as a privileged key to approach long-standing questions about (amongst other) causes and consequences of crime; victimization and coping mechanisms; the role of criminal law and criminal proceedings; legalism and equity; law and ethics; the ‘time’ of justice; freedom, responsibility, culpability and forgiveness; rules, legality, socialization and culture; the impact of prejudice and of existing balances of power on the application of the law; social and legal mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion; gender issues and legal systems; and so on. A whole section (Part I) is devoted to a general analysis of the complex relations that intertwine issues of justice and human dignity respect, on one hand, and complex concepts such as narrative, literature, language, style, narrativity, form, exemplarity, on the other. Through this quest for justice in literature and arts, the volume proposes a wider cultural and research project which defies traditional formalistic and retributive

The evolution of Italian corruprion and its relationship with organized crime are analyzed. While highlighting some legal reforms deemed useful to bribery prvention, the role of education and cultural improvement of socities, as a means to heighten social control and selection of political and economic élites, and thus to the overall strengthening of governance indexes, aredeemed of paramount importance to reduce real and perceived rates of corruption.

The relationship between Literature and Law is discussed, especially with regard to the new ways of dealing with the management of industrial risk and the precautionary principle. A "narrative" approach to the prvention of harms is deemed quite relevant, as shown in several legal rules recently introduced in Italy, especially in the field of work accidetns prevention and environmental wrongdoings, where a sorty of "restorative culture" is beginning to take root.

While commemorating the life and work of a prominent labour law scholar, Mario Napoli, the need of a humanistic approach to legal studies and practice is highlighted, which should especially enable to understand the limits of regulations and the need to summon alternative social eand ethical resource in order to tackle human conflicts.

The form of law (and especially criminal law) and literature are compared. While the latter can be no less selective than the former, literature however allows the lawyer to experience and perceiev a kind of multiplicity of forms in the human environment and thus to better understand and care about human dignity, which is based on the idea of human beings capable of assuming forms always different. Moreover literature is deemed essential to foster a skill the lawyer cannot afford not to own, namely imagination, so desperately needed to find new legal solutions for issues an ever changing world raises and which traditional legal approaches are no more able to grasp and deal fairly.

Recent Italian reforms in the field of criminal law, especially aimed at introducing alternatives to the traditional criminal sanction (jail) are discussed. The article focuses on the methods required for enforcing such reforms, which, to be really driven by the “ultima ratio” principle, need an understanding of what is required for the practical application of the devised "models" (including awareness about the ability of various measures to motivate people to compliance), as well as the care in preserving the balance between protection of public and private interests. Thus simple “linear” decriminalisations based on the sheer size or type of current sanctions are not suitable for durable and effective results

The article deals with possible interpretations and critical issues of the so called "decreto balduzzi", namely a recent Italian reform which has introduced new standards for the evaluation of criminal negligence occurring in the course of the provision of clinical or medical service. The main problems of such reform lies in its reference to the medical guidelines,which, being distinct from the duty of care rules aimed at preventing events damaging for the patients, are deemed by the author as unsuitable for a trustworthy assessment of criminal negligence of doctors.

Drawing on recent remarks by prominent philosophers and legal thinkers (Habermas, Böckenförde), the article reaffirms the interest also for a secularized State to consider religious statements ( like the recent Relatio Synodi on family) as a reference for its regulative choices. Thus it puts under scrutiny an Italian law aimed at combating and preventing gender violence in the family, but actually deemed as more prone to the punishment of the offender than to providing measures apt to actually alleviate the family conflicts and especially defuse the initial violence arising therein. The approach deemed best conducive to a stable and effective protection of victims of these crimes should not be limited to rash punishment or detachment of the wrongdoer from the family. Instead the overall ‘wounded’ relationship should be addressed with a gamut of social and psychological interventions. Every attempt should be made to save the ability of the prospective serious offender to verbalize his emotional discomforts, thus gradually removing him from the idea that the recourse to violence be a viable way to recover the lost balance between family roles or to reassert his dominance on the female partner.

The short introduction emphasizes the benefits of a scientifica awareness among lawyers, especially as a way to increase the critical scrutiny of lawmaking as well as judicial decisions, and for the stimulus it provides to search for responses to offences which substitute for (and often are more effective) criminal punishment . One main issue is however the uncertainty of scientific knowledges which somewhat may conflict with the demand of certainty put on law.

The essay, which is mainly devoted to the analysis of a law recently enacted in Italy to prevent and punish gender violence in the family, emphasizes the worth of religious sensibility (as articulated in the Relatio Synodi on the new challenges posed to the pastoral care of families) in contributing to a widening and deepening of the scope of criminal provisions. The approach deemed best conducive to a stable and effective protection of victims of these crimes should not be limited to rash punishment or detachment of the wrongdoer from the family. Instead the overall ‘wounded’ relationship should be addressed with a gamut of social and psychological interventions. Every attempt should be made to save the ability of the prospective serious offender to verbalize his emotional discomforts, thus gradually removing him from the idea that the recourse to violence be a viable way to recover the lost balance between family roles or to reassert his dominance on the female partner.

A discussion on the meanings of "humanism" in the field of criminal law and criminal justice, cannot help of focusing on the condition of the inmates, namely on the respect of human dignity in prisons. The essay deems that the idea of "possibility", as a central feature of literature (according to a well-known aristotelian statement), should also be considered by criminal justice. The idea that people CAN change and thus no "definitive" penalty should be inflicted is inherent to the idea of himan dignity. It should foster conditions which can actually lead to the rehabilitation of convicted persons through a prison environment respectful of such dignity.