Search

The current study was carried out using data of the Nucleus Herd and Community Herd of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) established through USDA funded Red Chittagong Cattle project under the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Mymensingh. Data on 151 calves and 75 lactating cows were analyzed. The estimated heritability values were 0.45 ± 0.05 for birth weight, 0.48 ± 0.05 for weaning weight, 0.41 ± 0.08 for pre-weaning daily gain, 0.47 ± 0.06 for lactation length, 0.43 ± 0.07 for lactation milk yield and 0.35 ± 0.09 for average daily milk yield. The highest Breeding Value (BV) were for birth weight (3.2 kg), weaning weight (24.46 kg), pre-weaning daily gain (82.39g), lactation length (52.25 days), lactation milk yield (186.04 kg) and average daily milk yield (0.66 kg). The minimum and maximum phenotypic index values by using phenotypic parameters were for growth traits (1196.24 and 4713.24) and milk production traits (8573.93 and 40670.81). The minimum and maximum genetic index values by using breeding values were for growth traits (1812.49 and 2870.21) and milk production traits (-1812.49 and 2870.21). All the estimated index values can be used in animal selection and breeding programs for RCC improvement and similar index selection can be applied for other indigenous cattle development programs in Bangladesh or elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work studies fractional temporal evolution of oblique resonant optical solitons in (3+1)-dimensions with Kerr- and parabolic-law nonlinearities. The generalized exp(− Φ (ξ))-expansion method along with the Khalil's conformable fractional derivatives is implemented to locate several forms of oblique resonant solitons. It is observed that obliqueness significantly modified resonant wave dynamics. The obtained results are very useful for understanding the dynamics of obliquely propagating resonant optical solitons and optical bullets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early-life conditions influence organ growth patterns and their functions, as well as subsequent risk for non-communicable chronic diseases in later life. A limited number of studies have determined that in Bangladesh, kidney size relates to its function among children as a consequence of the maternal and postnatal conditions. The present study objectives were to determine early-life conditions in relation to childhood kidney size and to compare their influences on kidney function. The study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort of 1067 full-term singleton live births followed from fetal life onward. Kidney volume was measured by ultrasound in children at the age of 4.5 years (range 45–64 months), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed at the age of 9 years (range 96–116 months). The mean (s.d.) kidney volume of children at 4.5 years was 64.2 (11.3) cm3, with a significant mean difference observed between low birth weight and normal birth weight children (P <0.001). The multivariable model showed, changes in status from low birth weight to normal birth weight children, with kidney volume increases of 2.92 cm3/m2, after adjusting for the child’s age, sex, maternal age and early pregnancy body mass index, and socio-economic index variables. One-unit change in kidney volume (cm3/m2) improved the eGFR to 0.18 ml/min/1.73 m2. The eGFR in low birth weight children was 5.44 ml/min/1.73 m2 less than that in normal birth weight children after adjustments. Low birth weight leads to adverse effects on kidney size and function in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have potential for use in therapeutic cell therapy and high-throughput drug screening. Because of the inability to expand adult CMs, their large-scale production from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has been suggested. Significant improvements have been made in understanding directed differentiation processes of CMs from hPSCs and their suspension culture-based production at chemically defined conditions. However, optimization experiments are costly, time-consuming, and highly variable, leading to challenges in developing reliable and consistent protocols for the generation of large CM numbers at high purity. This study examined the ability of data-driven modeling with machine learning for identifying key experimental conditions and predicting final CM content using data collected during hPSC-cardiac differentiation in advanced stirred tank bioreactors (STBRs). Through feature selection, we identified process conditions, features, and patterns that are the most influential on and predictive of the CM content at the process endpoint, on differentiation day 10 (dd10). Process-related features were extracted from experimental data collected from 58 differentiation experiments by feature engineering. These features included data continuously collected online by the bioreactor system, such as dissolved oxygen concentration and pH patterns, as well as offline determined data, including the cell density, cell aggregate size, and nutrient concentrations. The selected features were used as inputs to construct models to classify the resulting CM content as being “sufficient” or “insufficient” regarding pre-defined thresholds. The models built using random forests and Gaussian process modeling predicted insufficient CM content for a differentiation process with 90% accuracy and precision on dd7 of the protocol and with 85% accuracy and 82% precision at a substantially earlier stage: dd5. These models provide insight into potential key factors affecting hPSC cardiac differentiation to aid in selecting future experimental conditions and can predict the final CM content at earlier process timepoints, providing cost and time savings. This study suggests that data-driven models and machine learning techniques can be employed using existing data for understanding and improving production of a specific cell type, which is potentially applicable to other lineages and critical for realization of their therapeutic applications.

The implementation of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) therapy in the real-world setting is hindered by logistical and financial barriers, impacting timely access to this life-saving treatment. Clinical trials have reported the time from leukapheresis to CAR T cell infusion (vein-to-vein time) but not the time from CAR T referral to infusion (decision-to-vein time). Herein, we report the barriers to CAR T therapy in a real-world setting. We evaluated the factors influencing the decision-to-vein time and explored the association with clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received CAR T therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL who underwent consultation for CAR T cell therapy at Levine Cancer Institute and Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center and collected information regarding demographic data, referral type, insurance type, CAR T product, and survival outcomes. The effects of variables on decision-to-vein time were analyzed by Fisher's exact test for categorial variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard models. The study included 142 patients who were referred for CAR T of which 99 patients received CAR T. Median decision-to-vein time was 62 days compared to median vein-to-vein time of 32 days. Patients with private insurance took longer to obtain financial clearance compared to patients with government insurance (median 25 versus 9 days, P < .001). Of those with private insurance (n = 63), 35% needed a single-case agreement (SCA) which led to significant delay in receiving financial clearance (median 50.5 versus 19 days, P < .001) and increased decision-to-vein time (median 75 versus 55 days, P < .001) compared to those who did not need SCA. Decision-to-vein time was significantly different among various products, clinical trial being the shortest (median 47 days, n = 9) and non-conforming products being the longest (median 94.5 days, n = 6) (P< .001). Axi-cel had the shortest median decision-to-vein time at 61 days compared to 81 days with tisa-cel and 85 days with liso-cel. Although delays in receiving CAR T therapy did not impact survival, the median overall survival for patients who were referred for CAR T therapy but did not receive it, was significantly lower than those who received CAR T cell therapy (9.0 versus 21.0 months, P < .001). Decision-to-vein time is a major cause of delay in receiving CAR T therapy. SCAs lead to significant increase in decision-to-vein time leading to delays in CAR T therapy in a real-world setting. Patients who were referred for CAR T but are not able to receive it, have inferior survival compared to CAR T recipients. Our findings underscore the significance of addressing administrative hurdles, such as SCAs and insurance approvals, for timely access to CAR T therapy for patients with DLBCL., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024 The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of oncology. Major immunotherapy approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, cytokines, and immunomodulators have shown great promise in preclinical and clinical settings. Among them, immunomodulatory agents including cancer vaccines are particularly appealing; however, they face limitations, notably the absence of efficient and precise targeted delivery of immune-modulatory agents to specific immune cells and the potential for off-target toxicity. Nanomaterials can play a pivotal role in addressing targeting and other challenges in cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) can enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines by enhancing the effective loading of immune modulatory agents owing to their tunable pore sizes. In this work, an emulsion-based method is optimized to customize the pore size of DMSNs and loaded DMSNs with ovalbumin (OVA) and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-OVA-DMSNs). The immunotherapeutic effect of DMSNs is achieved through controlled chemical release of OVA and CpG in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The results demonstrated that CpG-OVA-DMSNs efficiently activated the immune response in APCs and reduced tumor growth in the murine B16-OVA tumor model., (© 2024 The Author(s). Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: In developing countries like Bangladesh, under-five children are mostly experiencing and suffering from common diseases like fever, cough, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections (ARI). To mitigate these problems, it's crucial to spot prevalent areas and take proper action. This study investigates the spatial distribution and associated factors of prevalent childhood illnesses across Bangladesh., Methods and Findings: This research comprised 8,306 children's information from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18. We performed chi-square, t-tests, binary logistic regression and spatial analyses in this work. BDHS survey data and GPS data were aggregated to identify common childhood illnesses among under-five children. Moran's index first mapped childhood illnesses. Afterward, Getis-Ord Gi* discovered hot and cold spots for illnesses. However, Kriging interpolation predicted child illnesses in unsampled areas. Here, 33.2% (CI: 32.2-34.3), 36% (CI: 35-37.1), 4.7% (CI: 4.3-5.2), and 12.9% (CI: 12.2-13.6) of children under five had fever, cough, diarrhea, and ARI, respectively. In the fortnight before to the survey, 47.3% (CI: 46.2-48.3) of under-5 children were ill. Common childhood illnesses are associated with children's (age, underweight status, etc.), mothers' (age, education, etc.), and household factors (residency, wealth index, etc.). Underweight status is associated with fever, cough and at least one disease. The unsampled north-western and south-western areas of Bangladesh had a higher prevalence of fever, cough, ARI and at least one common disease. Cough was most common in the central-northern region; fever was most common in the lower southern region; and ARI was most common in Bangladesh's south-east. Childhood diseases were more prevalent in Bangladesh's central-northern and southern regions., Conclusions: Our research demonstrates the regional clustering of common childhood diseases in Bangladesh. Policymakers should focus on these higher-prevalence regions, and the necessary preventive measures should be taken immediately., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Islam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) is a highly prized food fish that possesses significant nutritional and commercial worth. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam are the countries where it is endemic. The IUCN Bangladesh has classified this species as near endangered due to its current progressive decline. Hence, immediate actions are necessary to efficiently manage the fishery in this country. To address this issue, a comprehensive understanding of its life history parameters is required. This study aimed to examine the growth characteristics, recruitment length, sexual maturity, mortality, exploitation rate, and maximum sustainable production of N. nandus in Bangladesh's southern coastal waters. Samples were taken every month from January through December of 2021. Our study indicates that N. nandus grows in an isometric manner. The estimated asymptomatic length of this species is 18.0 cm in total length (TL), growing at a rate of 1.30 year -1 . The growth performance index of this species was determined to be 2.62, and the projected lifespan was calculated to be 2.31 years. The initial length at recruitment was measured to be 9.5 cm TL, whie the size at first sexual maturity was recorded to be 9.4 cm TL. With the contributions of the natural mortality rate (2.26 year -1 ) and the fishing mortality rate (1.86 year -1 ) the total mortality rate was found to be 4.12 year -1 . The exploitation rate, determined to be 0.45, surpasses the upper limit of sustainable yield criteria set at 0.37. Therefore, it is imperative to implement strategies to avoid excessive fishing and guarantee the long-term control of N. nandus populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This work initiates a concept of reduced reverse degree based RR D M -Polynomial for a graph, and differential and integral operators by using this RR D M -Polynomial. In this study twelve reduced reverse degree-based topological descriptors are formulated using the RR D M -Polynomial. The topological descriptors, denoted as T D 's, are numerical invariants that offer significant insights into the molecular topology of a molecular graph. These descriptors are essential for conducting QSPR investigations and accurately estimating physicochemical attributes. The structural and algebraic characteristics of the graphene and graphdiyne are studied to apply this methodology. The study involves the analysis and estimation of Reduced reverse degree-based topological descriptors and physicochemical features of graphene derivatives using best-fit quadratic regression models. This work opens up new directions for scientists and researchers to pursue, taking them into new fields of study., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this investigation, moisture-stable CsSnBr 2 Cl nanoparticles were synthesized by incorporating Cl into CsSnBr 3 halide perovskite using the hot injection method. Various analyses including XRD, XPS, UV-vis absorbance, photoluminescence, and Mott-Schottky have confirmed that the structural properties, chemical states, optical properties, and electronic band structure of CsSnBr 2 Cl nanoparticles remain intact even after 75 days of water immersion, thereby conclusively demonstrating their moisture stability. In a three-electrode system, the comparative electrochemical performance of pristine CsSnBr 3 nanoparticles and moisture-stable Cl-incorporated CsSnBr 2 Cl nanoparticles was evaluated in various aqueous electrolytes, including HCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and KOH. The results indicate that the CsSnBr 2 Cl electrode material exhibits superior electrochemical properties, such as a larger integrated cyclic voltammetry (CV) area, a wider potential window, longer charge-discharge times, and lower impedance parameters compared to the pristine CsSnBr 3 nanoparticles. The electrochemical performance of CsSnBr 2 Cl nanoparticles was evaluated for potential applications in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and water splitting, with a focus on reaction kinetics, charge storage mechanisms, and impedance parameters. The electrochemical properties of the nanoparticles were assessed using a three-electrode configuration across various 0.5 M aqueous electrolytes (HCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and KOH). In HCl, the nanoparticles demonstrated impressive charge storage capability, achieving a capacitance of 474 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 , affirming their suitability for energy storage devices. In Na 2 SO 4 (aq.), the nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability for supercapacitors, operating up to 1.6 V without significant oxygen evolution. Notably, in KOH, they demonstrated potential as effective water-splitting electrodes. The practical applicability of the nanoparticles was evaluated using a symmetric two-electrode configuration with HCl and Na 2 SO 4 electrolytes. The capacitance values were 117 F g -1 in HCl and 70 F g -1 in Na 2 SO 4 at 1 A g -1 . Notably, after 5000 GCD cycles in HCl(aq.), the nanoparticles retained 93% of their capacitance and maintained 91% Coulombic efficiency. They also demonstrated stable operation across a temperature range of 3 to 60 °C, achieving an energy density of 5.83 W h kg -1 at a power density of 600 W kg -1 . This study emphasizes the considerable potential of CsSnBr 2 Cl nanoparticles in advancing electrochemical energy storage technologies and sets a solid foundation for future research and development in metal halide perovskites.

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a frequent pathological condition that is defined as localized inflammation in the endometrium. Some adverse fertility consequences such as recurrent miscarriage and failure of implantation are associated with chronic endometritis. On the one hand, inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometritis, and on the other hand, the role of viral infections in inducing inflammation can make this review strongly attractive and practical. We set out to provide an overview of viral infections as a potential etiology of CE pathophysiology through the alteration of an endometrial microenvironment and its association with infertility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to demonstrate the role of viral infection in chronic endometritis, and whether or not infection ultimately plays a role.., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

LiDAR sensors have been shown to generate data with various common corruptions, which seriously affect their applications in 3D vision tasks, particularly object detection. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that traditional defense strategies, including adversarial training, are prone to suffering from gradient confusion during training. Moreover, they can only improve their robustness against specific types of data corruption. In this work, we propose LiDARPure, which leverages the powerful generation ability of diffusion models to purify corruption in the LiDAR scene data. By dividing the entire scene into voxels to facilitate the processes of diffusion and reverse diffusion, LiDARPure overcomes challenges induced from adversarial training, such as sparse point clouds in large-scale LiDAR data and gradient confusion. In addition, we utilize the latent geometric features of a scene as a condition to assist the generation of diffusion models. Detailed experiments show that LiDARPure can effectively purify 19 common types of LiDAR data corruption. Further evaluation results demonstrate that it can improve the average precision of 3D object detectors to an extent of 20% in the face of data corruption, much higher than existing defence strategies.

Rising global oil prices are a major challenge for an emerging oil-importing nation such as Bangladesh. The majority of prior research on the economic effects of an oil price shock has concentrated on developed countries, with emerging economies receiving comparatively less attention. Bangladesh is vulnerable to price shocks due to its rising oil consumption over the past decade. This study aims to investigate how changes in oil prices would affect Bangladesh's total export earnings and to forecast the overall export volume. This study utilized a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to account for the asymmetric behavior of oil prices from 1991 to 2021. To assess the accuracy of predictions, the study employed the Prophet forecasting model and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method. Additionally, the symmetry test revealed a nonlinear relationship between export volume and oil price but a linear relationship between inflation and export volume. According to the NARDL assessment, both positive and negative oil shocks increase export earnings over the long run. The short run summary clarifies that both positive and negative changes in oil prices exert a significant negative effect on exports. Also, Inflation influences export earnings negatively in the short run but positively over the long term. Moreover, using machine learning methods, it was found that the LSTM method outperforms the prophet model in prediction performance with a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.88. Also, the analysis revealed policymakers that the export sector requires diversification to reduce its exposure to oil price shocks., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

A recent industry perspective published in this journal describes the benefits received by drug companies from participation in the MIDD Pilot Program. Along with the primary objectives of supporting good decision-making in drug development, there were substantial savings in time and development costs. Furthermore, many sponsors reported qualitative benefits such as new learnings and clarity on MIDD strategies and methodology that could be applied to other development programs. Based on the success of the Pilot Program, the FDA recently announced the continuation of the MIDD Paired Meeting Program as part of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA VII). In this report, we describe the collective experiences of industry participants in the MIDD Program to date, including all aspects of the process from meeting request submission to follow-up actions. The purpose is to provide future participants with information to optimize the value of the MIDD Program., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)

Sotatercept is a breakthrough, first-in-class biologic, that is FDA-approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was developed using data from two phase 1 studies in healthy participants, and two phase 2 studies and one phase 3 study in participants with PAH. The pooled sotatercept PK data encompassed single intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) doses ranging from 0.01 to 3.0 mg/kg, as well as multiple SC doses ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/kg, with PK samples collected up to a maximum of ~150 weeks following Q3W and Q4W dosing regimens. The final PopPK analysis included 350 participants, with 30 and 320 participants receiving sotatercept IV and SC, respectively. A two-compartment model with a first-order absorption rate constant and a linear disposition from central compartment well-described sotatercept PK. The estimated bioavailability is ~66%; bioavailability, clearance (CL), and central volume (VC) have low to moderate inter-individual variability. Time-varying body weight and baseline albumin concentration were statistically significant predictors of PK; CL and VC were predicted to increase with increasing body weight, while CL was predicted to decrease with increasing baseline albumin concentration. However, the magnitude of covariate effects is not predicted to meaningfully alter the disposition of sotatercept. Altogether, the PopPK modeling results demonstrate favorable PK characteristics (low to moderate variability and typical bioavailability), supporting sotatercept as a SC biological agent for the treatment of patients with PAH., (© 2024 The Author(s). CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)

The study aimed to assess the extent of pesticide use among potato-growing farmers in Bangladesh and its relationship with their knowledge, attitude, and socio-demographic characteristics. Data were collected from 553 farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire through multistage random sampling. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the frequency of pesticide use and various socio-demographic factors. Results showed that out of 321 different pesticide brands reported, 50.5% were registered, while 47.7% were unregistered and 1.9% were banned. Among the registered pesticides, 5.6% were highly hazardous, 24.8% were moderately hazardous, and 6.2% were slightly hazardous as per World Health Organization category. A high percentage (96%) of farmers reported using pesticides in their fields, with 16.6% applying pesticides more than five times in a cropping season. Data revealed that majority of the farmers were aware of the negative effect of pesticides on health and environment. Most farmers used hand towels (77.9%) and ordinary shirts (70.0%) to cover their bodies to avoid pesticide exposure. Inappropriate disposal of empty pesticide containers was also observed. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed significant positive associations between the frequency of pesticide application and potato productivity, rate of fertilizer application, area of land owned by farmers, and their knowledge about the negative effects of pesticides on human health. The study suggests adopting integrated pest management practices, developing pest-resistant potato varieties, ensuring safe handling practices and disposal as well as stringent enforcement of laws to mitigate pesticide externalities and hence ensure sustainability in agriculture., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Hossain, Ferdous and Rayhan.)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with executive function deficits that are improved with medications. However, meta-analyses of stimulant effects on cognition have mostly tested single-dose effects, and there is no meta-analysis of non-stimulant effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis tested the clinically more relevant longer-term effects of Methylphenidate (20 studies; minimum 1 week) and Atomoxetine (8 studies; minimum 3 weeks) on reaction time, attention, inhibition, and working memory, searching papers on PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. The meta-analysis of 18 studies in 1667 subjects showed that methylphenidate was superior to placebo in all cognitive domains with small to medium effect sizes (Hedges g of 0.34-0.59). The meta-analysis of atomoxetine included 7 studies in 829 subjects and showed no effects in working memory, but superior effects in the other domains with medium to large effect sizes (Hedge's g of 0.36-0.64). Meta-regression analysis showed no drug differences on cognitive effects. The meta-analyses show for the first time that chronic Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine have comparable effects of improving executive functions in people with ADHD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests KR has received funding from TAKEDA for another project. The other authors have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: We performed a pilot stroke incidence study, focused on feasibility and inclusion of the CONSIDER reporting guidelines, to model the design of a future population-based study aiming to definitively determine stroke incidence, antecedents, treatment, and outcomes., Study Design: Prospective stroke incidence study (pilot study)., Setting, Participants: All people aged 15 years or older who lived in postcode-defined areas of South Australia and Northern Territory (885 472 people, including 45 127 Aboriginal people [5.1%]) diagnosed with stroke for the first time during 1 October - 31 December 2015 and admitted to public hospitals or stroke and transient ischaemic attack clinics., Main Outcome Measures: Feasibility of a prospective population-based stroke incidence study., Results: Of the 123 participants with first strokes, ten were Aboriginal (8%); the median age of Aboriginal people was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 33-55 years), of non-Indigenous people 73 years (IQR, 62-84 years). For Aboriginal people, the age-standardised incidence of stroke was 104 (95% confidence interval [CI], 84-124) per 100 000 person-years, for non-Indigenous people 33 (95% CI, 22-44) per 100 000 person-years. We found that a prospective population-based stroke incidence study in Aboriginal people was feasible, including with respect to establishing an adequate sample size, diagnostic confirmation, identification of incident stroke, confirming stroke subtypes, establishing a stable statistical population, standardising data reporting for comparison with other stroke incidence studies, and ethical research reporting that conforms to CONSIDER guidelines., Conclusions: A larger, population-based study of the incidence of stroke in Aboriginal people is both feasible and needed to provide robust estimates of stroke incidence, antecedents, treatments and outcomes to help guide strategies for reducing the risk of and outcomes of stroke in Aboriginal people., (© 2024 The Author(s). Medical Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of AMPCo Pty Ltd.)

Background: Hysteroscopic surgery is a common gynecologic process in many conditions. Endometrial thinning is the main successful key for this process associated with many preoperative preparations. This study aimed to evaluate DE (Desogestrel-estradiol) to reduce endometrial thickness in comparison with the control group., Materials and Methods: This Randomized clinical trial was done on the patients candidate for polypectomy that were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control; the first group received DE OCP (oral contraceptive pill with 30 microgram Ethinyl estradiol + 150 micro gram Desogestrel) once daily from the 1 st to 5 th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 days and then in the first day of next menstruation cycle, the drug was used up to one day before hysteroscopy done in the 5 th to 8 th day of the cycle. The second group received no drugs. Hysteroscopy was done in the early follicular phase in both groups and all the subjects received one dosage of Misoprostol a night before surgery., Results: There were no significant differences between the parity, polyp size, and BMI (Body Mass Index) in the two groups. The mean duration of surgery, mean endometrial thickness before hysteroscopy, the quality of endometrial tissue, and surgeon satisfaction were significantly difference between the two groups. However, the quality of the surgeon's vision in the intervention group was better than the control group but there was no significant difference between the two groups., Conclusion: Pre-operation endometrial thinning by oral contraceptives such as DE could be an effective method and reduce the duration of surgery., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Advanced Biomedical Research.)

It is mentioned that understanding linear and non-linear thermo-elasticity systems is important for understanding temperature, elasticity, stresses, and thermal conductivity. One of the most crucial aspects of the current research is the solution to these systems. The fractional form of several thermo-elastic systems is explored, and elegant solutions are provided. The solutions of fractional and integer thermo-elastic systems are further discussed using tables and diagrams. The closed contact between the LRPSM and exact solutions is displayed in the graphs. Plotting fractional problem solutions demonstrates their convergence towards integer-order problem solutions for suitable modeling. The tables confirm that greater precision is rapidly attained as the terms of the derived series solution increase. The faster convergence and stability of the suggested method support its modification for other fractional non-linear complex systems in nature., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: While numerous studies explore pandemic-associated school closures, literature is scant regarding seasonal influenza-associated closures. We previously reported summaries on COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures in the United States (US), which affected virtually all schools in the nation. The current prospective study aims to address the knowledge gap for seasonal influenza-related closures in the United States., Methods: We conducted systematic daily online searches from August 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, to identify public announcements of unplanned school closures in the US lasting ≥1 day, selecting those that mentioned influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) as reason for school closure (ILI-SCs). We studied ILI-SC temporal patterns and compared them with reported outpatient ILI-related healthcare visits., Findings: We documented that ILI-SCs occurred annually, with yearly totals ranging from 11 ILI-SCs in both the 2013-2014 and 2020-2021 school years to 2886 ILI-SCs in the 2019-2020 school year among more than 100,000 kindergarten through twelfth grade schools in the US. ILI-SCs occurred concurrently with widespread illness and the strongest correlations were observed during influenza A (H3N2)-dominant seasons, most notably in the 2016-2017 (Spearman rank correlation (r s ) = 0.83) and the 2017-2018 (r s  = 0.84) school years. ILI-SCs were heavily centered in U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Region 4 (states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee) [60% (6040/9166, Region 4/Total school closures)] and disproportionately impacted rural and lower-income communities., Interpretation: Outside of a pandemic, disease-related school closures are extreme and generally rare events for US schools and communities. Timely compilation of publicly available ILI-SC announcements could enhance influenza surveillance, particularly in severe influenza seasons or pandemics when ILI-SCs are prevalent., Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Co-authors (NZ, YZ, HG, AU) were or are US CDC employees, and FJ was a contractor through Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions, LLC, which supported FJ's salary, but had no additional role in the study., Competing Interests: Ferdous Jahan (FJ) was employed by Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions, LLC. The funder (Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions, LLC) provided support in the form of salary for the author (FJ) but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. All other authors declare no interests., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Bangladesh has witnessed alarmingly rising lightning frequency, particularly during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. This has resulted in significant annual death tolls from lightning strikes over the past decade. Recognizing this crisis, the country officially declared lightning casualties a natural disaster in 2016. This study delves deeper into the landscape of lightning fatalities and causalities in Bangladesh. Utilizing secondary data sources, this research introduces a unique approach by integrating Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) data and NASA's Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) data from the International Space Station's (ISS) Near-real Time (NRT) mission. This combined dataset allows for a more comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed to analyze spatial distributions and generate maps. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation tool was used to create detailed spatial distribution maps of lightning fatalities, thunderstorm days (TSDs), and lightning flash frequency (LFF) across Bangladesh. The analysis revealed that farmers and fishermen were the most vulnerable populations, with the northeastern regions experiencing the highest impact. Sylhet division emerged as the area with the most fatalities, highlighting the northeastern zone's susceptibility. The study also identified monsoons as the period with the highest occurrences of lightning deaths and injuries. By combining innovative data integration and spatial analysis, this study offers valuable insights into the alarming trend of lightning fatalities in Bangladesh. These findings can inform targeted prevention strategies and interventions to safeguard vulnerable populations and communities., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest among authors., (© 2024 The Authors.)