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Purpose: This study aims to detect and compare the severity and pattern of dry eye occurrence after phacoemulsification and extra capsular cataract extraction surgeries. Methods: Twenty eyes of twenty patients in two groups, ten eyes planned for Phacoemulsification(phaco) and ten eyes planned for Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) enrolled in a prospective comparative study. All patients underwent full history taking and full ophthalmological clinical evaluation including (tear film meniscus height, Schirmer 1 test, tear break up time). Evaluations will be done one week before cataract surgery then three and six weeks after the surgery.Also, goblet cell count is measured twice, before and 6 weeks after the operation. Results: After both Phaco, andECCE, the changes between means of pre-operative, 3 weeks and 6 weeks visits were significant in tear film meniscus height (p ¼ 0.01) and were insignificant in both Schirmer 1 and tear break up time (p > 0.05). There was a significant deterioration after 3 weeks of surgery in tear film meniscus height followed by significant increase between 3rd and 6th weeks post-operative measurements (p ¼ 0.01). There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the total change of Schirmer 1 and tear break up time between the6th weeks and the pre-operative measure with more deterioration in group 2. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in tear film meniscus height 6 weeks post operation.The deterioration in goblet cell count was significantly worse in the ECCE group (mean difference of -22.168.5 and was -7.565.1 in the phaco group), (p ¼ 0.0005). Conclusions: Phacoemulsification surgery may aggravate the signs and symptoms of dry eye and affect dry eye test values in patients in short-term but less than ECCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the work: this study aimed to evaluate changes in photoreceptors, inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction and external limiting membrane (ELM) following grid argon laser versus intravitreal injection of antivgef (Ranibizumab) in diabetic type2 patients affected by clinically significant macular edema. Methods: forty eyes of diabetic type 2 patients who were affected by clinically significant macular edema were randomly categorized into two groups(Group treated by argon grid laser and group treated by intravitreal injection of antivgef for the first time) both groups were investigated for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the integrity of the photoreceptors, IS/OS and ELM as being (Continuous(+), interrupted(±) or Absent (-)) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)(CIRRUS HD-OCT) before treatment, 1month, 2months and 3months after treatment. Other variables, included central macular thickness (CMT) and central macular volume (CMV) were evaluated. Results: significant difference was found between [photoreceptor, is/os] (+), photorecptor, is/os (+,-) and photoreceptor, is/os (-) groups in BCVA at baseline; it was 0.61,0.73, and 1 and after 6 months it was 0.48,0.73 and 1. Results were similar for ELM groups. Signiant difference was found between ELM (+), ELM (+,-) and ELM (-) groups in BCVA at baseline it was 0.59,0.72, and 1 and after 6 months it was 0.46,0.68 and 1 in lucentis group and signiant difference was found between photoreceptor, is/os (+) and photorecptor, is/os (+,-) groups in BCVA at baseline was(0.32and 0.3 and after 6 months it was 0.27 and 0.3. Results were similar for ELM groups. Signiant difference was found between ELM (+) and ELM (+,-) groups in BCVA at baseline it was 0.29 and 0.5 and after 6 months it was 0.25 and 0.4 in argon laser group. Conclusion: the more damage of outer retinal layers at the time of DME the lower visual acuity following DME resolution and the presence of intact of these layers is an important factor in determining final visual acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]