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AbstractTo study the influence of opening ratio on the shear performance of steel-bamboo composite cellular beams (SBCC), taking the opening size as the basic parameter, experimental research was carried out on five test beams. The failure modes and deformation characteristics of the specimens were observed, and the influence and law of the change of hole size on the shear performance of steel-bamboo composite cellular beams were analyzed. Through nonlinear finite element simulation calculation, multi-parameter analysis was carried out on the composite cellular beams, and the contribution of flanges to the shear performance of cellular composite beams was studied. The results show that the integrity of steel-bamboo composite cellular beams is good. The failure is mainly manifested as the fracture of bamboo web at the beam hole area, the buckling of section steel and the debonding and separation of steel-bamboo interface. The opening ratio has a great influence on the shear performance of steel-bamboo composite cellular beams. The thickness of bamboo flange cannot be ignored for the shear contribution of cellular beams. The shear capacity of cellular beams is shared by flanges and webs. The larger the opening ratio, the greater the shear contribution of flanges to composite cellular beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loading system stiffness (LSS) of a rock mechanics testing machine is important in laboratory testing because it dictates whether the coal or rock failure process is stable or unstable. It is also critical to ejection kinetic energy after coal specimen failure. When unstable failure accidents such as rock burst occur in rock engineering, the speed of ejected coal or rock may reach or even exceed 10 m/s. Such unstable failures, if unplanned, can result in injuries of workers, damage to equipment and delays in production in underground mines. To systematically study the influence of the LSS on mechanical characteristics and kinetic energy of coal specimens, tests are first carried out using an LSS-variable testing system named BGYD-600. PCI-2 acoustic emission (AE) test system, acceleration sensor and dynamic strain gages are used to monitor the AE signals of coal and deformation, displacement of test machine. And the kinetic energy is calculated by energy analysis method. The test results show that the LSS has influence on the stress–strain curves of coal specimens after the peak strength. The smaller the LSS, the steeper the post-peak curves. In addition, as the LSS decreases, the spalling of coal blocks increases considerably, and the powdery phase begins to appear, and the coal specimen is destroyed at a shorter time with more coal blocks being ejected. Moreover, the maximum AE energy occurred not at the peak strength using the BGYD-600, which is different from the large stiffness testing machines. Finally, considering the impact of the elastic deformation energy release of the testing machine on the coal specimens, the kinetic energy calculation formula when the coal specimen failure is derived. And the influence of LSS on the kinetic energy, elastic deformation energy, dissipation energy and total input energy is analyzed. As the LSS increases, the kinetic energy of the coal specimen shows a decreasing trend. The quantitative relationship between mechanical characteristics, kinetic energy and LSS given in this paper has certain reference value for mining and civil engineering projects. Highlights: The loading system stiffness effects on mechanical characteristics of coal specimens were studied by indoor rock mechanics tests. The impact of the energy released by the testing machine on the coal specimen was first obtained from an experimental perspective. A quantitative calculation formula for the kinetic energy of coal specimen when it is destroyed under the loading system tiffness effects was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to investigate experimentally and numerically the low-velocity impact behavior of foam-based composites reinforced with warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF). To prepare different foam-based composites, the structural parameters of WKSFs including cell size, position, and Z-fiber height were considered. A drop weight impact test with an initial energy of 5J was carried out to examine the low-velocity impact behavior of composites, followed by experimental analyses of Mises, shear, and normal stress on various composite components. Thereafter, the impact behavior of the composites was simulated using ABAQUS/CAE software. The comparison between experimental and numerical results showed a maximum error of 9.79% in predicting the acceleration of impactor. In addition, the results revealed significant stress disparities among samples. Stress analysis showed complex patterns across samples, emphasizing structural parameter influence on stress tolerance and load-bearing capabilities. Notably, Z-fibers displayed substantial stress tolerance, while the matrix predominantly undergoes shear stress. Consequently, the ideal structure for low-velocity impact applications includes small cell size, high thickness, and non-facing hexagonal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic performance of a multi-column removal frame (MCRF) suffering from accidental impacts and uniform superstructure loads has largely been neglected in previous studies. To this end, a one-fifth scaled test model was set up to study the MCRF failure state and collapse mechanism. A numerical model was established and validated according to the collapse experiment. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effect of the impact height, heaped load (static uniform pressure on the slab), and frame storey on the MCRF dynamic response. The results indicated that: (i) the tension membrane, compressive arch and catenary effect were the main anti-collapse mechanisms in MCRF structures; (ii) according to the peak impact force under the increased collapse impact height (1.5 ∼ 2.5 m), a stronger local response and a slightly enhanced dynamic performance were successively presented on the hammer–concrete interaction; (iii) when the heaped load was increased, the structural plastic deformation capacity provided by the catenary action was better than that given by the compressive arch effect; (iv) the transient impact interaction was almost independent of the frame storey, but the MCRF anti-collapse performance was greatly affected by it. Finally, a collapse prediction method was given to evaluate the ultimate anti-collapse capacity of MCRF structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under actual marine environment, the steel catenary pipeline's touchdown zone frequently interacts with the seabed. The existing understanding of vertical–lateral coupling effect and speed amplification effect is insufficient at present. In this paper, the mechanism tests for the vertical and lateral soil resistance of small-scale pipes are carried out in both dry soil and saturated soil environments. The pipe–soil interaction presents quite different characteristics in dry soil and saturated soil due to the soil liquefaction effect. The pipe movement speed affects the soil reaction force significantly, especially in the high-speed range. During the vertical penetration of the pipe, soil shear strength follows a tri-linear relation. The lateral pipe–soil interaction could be classified into three phases i.e. fast growth, fast descent and stable fluctuation. The vertical–lateral coupling has a significant influence on pipe–soil interaction, presenting that the penetration depth greatly affects the lateral soil resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experimental research investigates the effect of different types of environmental information on investor judgment. By examining three experimental cases varying the level of environmental disclosure, we evaluate the investment judgments of professional (Study 1) and private German investors (Study 2). Primarily, we investigate whether traditional, commonly disclosed environmental information affects investor judgments. Furthermore, we explore the effects of linking non-financial reporting elements to quantitative financial measures through the EU taxonomy by adding taxonomy indicators. Specifically, we operationalized the case where companies fall into a category of poor environmental performance by taxonomy classification. We find that only traditional environmental disclosure in combination with standardized taxonomy-aligned information (below average), influences the investment judgment. However, professional investors exhibit a significantly negative response, while private investors show a significantly positive reaction when constraining reporting flexibility through the inclusion of standardized taxonomy measures with poor performance. Consequently, we conclude that the connection between non-financial reporting elements and quantitative standardized financial measures enhances transparency for professional investors. Private investors, on the other hand, reward additional taxonomy-aligned environmental information irrespective of its content. This implies that environmental information generally conveys positive signals to private investors, but uncertainty in investment judgment can be assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the failure mode and mechanism of single-box two-compartment segmental box girders under flexural shear coupling were experimentally studied. Loading tests were conducted on five scaled girders, and the effects of the design parameters on the shear performance were analyzed. The test variables included the loading methods, ratio of internal to external prestressing tendons, and key joint types (vertical and horizontal keys). The test results indicated that different loading methods produce different stress characteristics and damage modes; however, the difference in the ultimate load capacity was negligible. The greater the number of internal prestressing tendons, the greater the bearing capacity. The stress increment of the internal bottom prestress reinforcement was great than the external prestressing tendons. Monolithic box girders could maintain approximately 1.8 times as much pressure as segmental box girders. With the increase of shear span ratio, the load carrying capacity of the segmental beam decreases. Vertical key teeth had a slightly higher bearing capacity than horizontal key teeth. Vertical keys are recommended for segmental box girders owing to their excellent structural properties and ease of construction. and the structure. AASHTO can better predict the shear capacity of segmental beams, while the Chinese code is applicable to segmental beams with appropriate hoop ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the thermal performance of PUF-insulation boards embedded in the roof of an office-sized room. Two rooms were constructed: one with and the other without insulation. The thermal comfort was evaluated by performing an experimental study according to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2017. The inside air temperature, humidity, wall and ceiling temperatures, air velocities and thermal flux were measured for the summer April–June 2023. Using these measurements, the PMV and PPD values were computed. The effectiveness of the insulation material with regard to thermal comfort is judged by the reduction in values of these indices. During a typical day, a reduction of around 30% is achieved just by adding the insulation. Nusselt number correlations are proposed to predict the convective heat transfer from the walls. Detailed CFD simulations were performed and a parametric study to understand the effect of insulation thickness, wall insulation, roof thickness and room dimensions on thermal comfort was undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is an effective way for engine waste heat recover (WHR). The selection of the working fluid is crucial. In recent years, low GWP and ODP working fluid have been invented. For R123, which is commonly used in engine ORC-WHR system, the alternative working fluid is R1233zd(E). In order to explore the performance of R123 and R1233zd(E) when applied to ORC-WHR system, this study conducted experimental studies of R123 and R1233zd(E) under a wide range of engine working conditions. The experiments were carried out under seven sets of engine working conditions with gradually increasing loads. Variable operating parameter experiments were carried out for R123 and R1233zd(E) at each engine load. The selected operating parameters include expander speed and superheat degree. The experimental results show that R123 has higher output power and thermal efficiency compared to R1233zd(E) at all engine conditions.The maximum output power and thermal efficiency of R123 are 1.55 kw and 5.81% respectively.The maximum output power and thermal efficiency of R1233zd(E) are 1.43 kw and 5.29% respectively. Taking the net output power as the evaluation index, the optimal expander speed of R123 is higher than that of R1233zd(E) under the same engine working condition, and the superheat degree has little effect on the net output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wooden arch corridor bridge is a typical representative of Chinese wooden bridges, holding significant historical research value. Currently, these bridges face issues of severe component deformation and insufficient load-bearing capacity. To address these problems, this study employs CFRP reinforcement on the components of wooden arch corridor bridges to reduce deformation and enhance load-bearing capacity. Experimental research on CFRP reinforcement has yielded the elastic modulus of the bonding interface. Given the lack of an accurate numerical model for wooden arch corridor bridges, this study establishes a precise numerical model by setting parameters based on load test data from wooden arch corridor bridges. The elastic modulus obtained from the experiments is input into the numerical model for analysis. The results indicate that CFRP exhibits excellent reinforcement performance, with the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced damaged components still reaching 75%–85% of their original capacity, while the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced undamaged components increases to 130%–140% of their original capacity. The failure modes of the CFRP-reinforced wooden components suggest that allowing for some gaps in the bonding of CFRP can enhance overall ductility. The application of CFRP to wooden arch corridor bridges also demonstrates favorable reinforcement effects, increasing the load-bearing capacity of the arch surface by approximately 20%, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the reinforcement of wooden arch bridge frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultra‐high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) has the tensile strain‐hardening characteristic and an excellent ability to prevent tensile cracking. To enhance the seismic and durability performance of the conventional buckling‐restrained steel plate shear wall (BRSPSW), UHTCC‐enhanced BRSPSW (UBRSPSW) was proposed in this paper as a new type of lateral bearing system. The buckling of the inner steel plate is restrained by UHTCC‐normal concrete (NC) functionally graded panels, where the panels are composed of UHTCC and NC layers. In this study, experimental and numerical research was carried out on the UBRSPSWs. Six specimens were tested to investigate the seismic behavior of the UBRSPSW. Parameters including the number of stiffeners, the thickness of UHTCC‐NC functionally graded panels, the material of restraining panels, and the gap between the inner steel plate and restraining panels were considered in the test design. Mechanical response and failure modes of the structures under cyclic loads were analyzed. The obtained hysteretic curves and corresponding skeleton curves indicated that the proposed design had excellent seismic performance. Compared to the steel plate shear wall (SPSW), the load‐bearing capacity of UBRSPSW was improved by 13%, respectively. The appearance of macrocracks was delayed by a drift angle of 1.2%. In addition, a refined finite element (FE) model was developed and validated by the results obtained from experiments. The development and distribution of bending moments in the restraining panels were extracted based on the FE method. Then, the loading capacity design method of restraining panels and a theoretical model for controlling the crack width of restraining panels were proposed. The research results of this paper can provide useful suggestions for the seismic design of UBRSPSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents an experimental, analytical, and numerical study to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete hidden and wide beams embedded in slabs. The experimentally studied parameters of testing eight specimens include beam depth, beam width, and beam eccentricity from the column. The obtained test results were compared to the predictions of finite element analysis using the ANSYS program. A numerical parametric study was conducted by the ANSYS program to explore other parameters affecting the ultimate flexural strength of beams. The studied parameters encompass concrete compressive strength, steel reinforcement strength, bottom reinforcement ratio, top-to-bottom reinforcement ratio, and web reinforcement ratio. The results revealed that an increase in beam depth led to higher ultimate load and secant stiffness, along with a decrease in deflection. The increase in beam width significantly affected beam depth, resulting in increased ultimate load and secant stiffness and a slight decrease in deflection. The increase in beam eccentricity from the column resulted in a decrease in ultimate load and secant stiffness while increasing the deflection. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results were made against calculations based on the ECP 203-2017 and ACI 318-19 codes, and the comparison yielded satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanics of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBS) have been broadly investigated over recent years in the context of methane‐gas production or climate‐change effects. Their mechanical investigation has mainly been carried out using models constructed from experimental data obtained for laboratory‐formed MHBS. Along with the dominant effects of hydrate saturation and morphology within the host soil pores, this study recognizes the effective pressure at which the hydrate is formed as a key factor in the MHBS mechanics. A state‐of‐the‐art experimental study has been conducted in order to isolate the effect of the hydrate formation pressure, for use as a model parameter. Two generalized mechanical prediction models that incorporate the effect of the hydrate formation pressure are developed in this work: (a) an analytical shear strength prediction, and (b) an empiric graphical model for predicting volumetric changes along a given stress path. The models are related to a novel data representation which enables the analysis of a few individual test outcomes as a whole, through a volume‐change mapping that describes the complex influence of the volumetric effect of hydrate in MHBS, under combined hydrostatic and deviatoric loading scenarios. In this study, we delve into a specific configuration of hydrate morphology, hydrate saturation, and host soil type, enabling a distinctive fundamental geotechnical investigation and the development of a conceptual modeling approach. The paper describes the approaches by which the MHBS properties can be extracted for other MHBS samples (than those examined in this work) having different host soils and hydrate pore‐space morphologies. Plain Language Summary: The mechanics of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBS) have been extensively studied in recent years, particularly in relation to methane gas production and climate change. This paper focuses on understanding and modeling the mechanical effects of the conditions under which hydrates are formed in the laboratory. Using experimental data, two predictive models are developed: (a) an analytical model for predicting shear strength, and (b) an empirical model for predicting volumetric changes in MHBS. These models are based on a novel analytical approach that integrates individual test results into a cohesive framework. The paper also outlines methods for applying these findings to other MHBS samples, including those with different soil types and hydrate configurations. Key Points: The effective hydrate formation pressure is found to be a critical parameter influencing the methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBS) mechanical behaviorAn analytical shear strength prediction model is presented, accounting for the effective formation pressure of laboratory MHBSA novel Δe − σ_ $\overset{\_}{\sigma }$ map is developed, to be used as a general empirical model for predicting MHBS volumetric changes during loading [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual stress is rarely considered as an initial condition for Finite Element Analysis (FEA), or used in the component design. A comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation into prestressed steel sheets is conducted. Residual stresses at specific locations were introduced into the steel sheets by dimple formation. FEA is used to simulate dynamic dimple forming of a mild steel disk due to a tool impact and detect the existence of prestress after dimple formation. A physical drop-hammer was used to form a range of dimple sizes in disks to experimentally validate the FEA predictions associated with dimple depth. Dimples were then created using a screw press and the prestress was measured by strain gauges beyond the zone of permanent out-of-plane deformation associated with a dimple. The experimental strain gauge measurements during dimple formation were found to be consistent with FEA predictions. The results demonstrated that the predicted and measured radial and tangentially projected stress components remain in steel sheets after forming a dimple. Furthermore, the predicted prestress was greater near to the dimple formation and occurred at higher magnitudes in the tangential direction than the radial direction. The highest prestress remaining in the disk was at the magnitude of the material's ultimate tensile stress, predicted in the tangential direction at the edge of the dimple. The numerical and experimental results showed the three stages of prestress formation: the development of stresses during dimple formation, the elastic recovery after the dimple forming, and the final prestressed equilibrium state of the rimmed disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This sentence discusses a possible solution to overcome the disadvantages of traditional eccentrically braced frame systems (EBFs). The proposed solution involves separating the shear links from the frame beams and utilizing double-tube buckling restrained braces with contact rings. These modifications aim to improve the overall performance of the frame system. To investigate the mechanical characteristics of this structural system, an experimental study was conducted, involving the design of two K-type EBFs and testing four distinct replaceable shear links. The stress distribution, load–displacement curves, and hysteresis curves of this structural system were obtained by conducting cyclic lateral loading tests on these specimens. Subsequently, the hysteretic properties, load bearing capacity, and deformation capacity of the member underwent analysis. An exploration was conducted into the primary influences on the structural mechanical characteristics. The research indicates that the double-tube buckling restrained braces with contact ring enhance the structural strength and synergistically perform with shear links to dissipate energy, while ensuring improved performance. Comparison of the date of different parameters shear links shows that the placement of stiffening rib increased the energy dissipation performance by 41.2% and shear capacity by 14.6% for the same sectional dimension of shear links. In the shear links with two stiffening ribs, the larger sectional dimension improved the energy dissipation performance by 11.3% relative to the shear links with smaller sectional dimension. For the shear links with one stiffening rib, the increase in sectional dimension, on the contrary, reduced the energy dissipation performance by 18.4% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure of reinforced concrete deep beams which are main structural elements in bridges and tall buildings is mainly brittle and shear-dominant. Besides, fire incidents, being a major cause of failure in such structures, increase the brittleness of failure in reinforced concrete members. Due to the lack of experimental studies focusing on the parameters affecting the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams, this paper presents the results of an experimental study on the structural responses of 14 full-scale concrete deep beam after being exposed to ISO 834 fire. The main variables in the experiments were concrete compressive strength ( f c ′ ), shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d), height of beams, type and ratio of shear reinforcement, and the loading type. Results shows the failure modes change after being exposed to fire. All of the specimens experience a reduction in ultimate capacity. Also, increasing a/d ratio results in a reduction in ultimate capacity as well as transformation of failure mode to less brittle modes. In addition, it was observed that the horizontal shear reinforcement increases the displacement corresponding to ultimate capacity; it also increases the post-fire ductility of members. Furthermore, results show that vertical shear reinforcement improves the ultimate capacity and ductility of members. In addition, by performing image processing, it was observed that the specimens will face a decrease in the maximum crack width after exposure to fire. Also, in order to validate the results of the laboratory study, finite element modeling was used and good agreement was observed between the numerical and laboratory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel parameter is introduced to refine the refrigerant leakage theory. • The refrigerant leakage process carries a higher oil content is confirmed. • The effect of leakage mass flow rate on oil content is investigated. • The oil content is highest when refrigerant leaks from the high-pressure pipe. Refrigerant leakage is a situation that often occurs in refrigeration equipment such as heat pumps. However, certain alternative refrigerants, while exhibiting superior environmental performance, possess varying levels of flammability. The leakage of flammable refrigerants into confined spaces can pose a significant risk of explosion. The amount of lubricant in the leaking refrigerant will undoubtedly affect the flammability characteristics of the refrigerant. In this paper, the content of PVE32 oil in the leaking refrigerant during the operation of a heat pump was investigated. The results showed that, under the five leakage rate scenarios set up in the experiment, the oil concentration was highest when the leakage occurred at the condenser inlet and lowest when the leakage was at the evaporator outlet. During the leakage process of the experiment, as the mass flow rate of the leakage increased, the oil content in the early stage of the leakage increased, but the oil content in the late stage of the leakage decreased. The reasons for the change in oil content were analyzed by the oil circulation rate and the degree of phase separation. The decrease of the oil circulation rate and the change of the degree of phase separation were the key factors affecting the magnitude of the oil content as the leakage proceeded. The results of the study reveal the leakage characteristics of lubricating oil with refrigerant leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance steels are ideal for highway bridge due to their strength, corrosion resistance, toughness, and weld-ability. Innovative designs have been used, such as using corrugated webs to provide improved shear stability without needing transverse stiffeners. Experimental work identified triangle corrugated plates with three samples and compared with two corrugation shapes from previous studies. The study conducted FEA to analyze the effect of corrugation type and depth on sandwich corrugated beam behavior using four types (trapezoidal, rectangular, triangle, and octagonal) and three depths (20-30-40 mm). The tested beams showed optimal results when the plate's penal length equaled its height. The corrugation shape affects the beam shear strength, and the best type was the rectangular corrugation. A good agreement is found when comparing the FE results to the experimental findings. The best type, according to the FE results, was rectangular with a 20 mm depth. This study shows that corrugated beams can withstand higher ultimate loads than traditional steel girders due to improved web stability, demonstrating their superior strength against applied loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is conducted, it researches the design, making and bypass of the drone propeller. Discovering the streamlined qualities of the different propeller designs using the computational apparatus, the software is utilized. A mini-summarized propeller having such mechanisms was fabricated and the trials done confirmed their success. Whilst the multi material approach mitigates against lightness with strength, durability will be the weakest link in that process. With weight and streamlined failures, fragility is always a factor. This assessment should aid in overhauling current drone propulsion systems, such as durability and efficiency, to enhance performance and increase persistence. The FSI system was employed to study airflow patterns using fans and stress factors by printing parts with PLA, ABS and PGA printing materials. The air was channeled over the materials, simulating actual flight, to evaluate the materials' strength. The drone model DJI MINI 3 PRO was subjected to the experimental tests of the speed and the maximum height. The height of the fan in MINI 3 PRO could be higher with the maximum speed of 37.3 km/h and it would be 187 meters in MINI 2 PRO concerning this aspect. ABS material speeds and jumps higher than the PGA material. It turns out that the 3 PRO propeller fans have the highest thrust force of 5.1 m/s at the highest speed, which is different from the 2 PRO propeller fan that measures only 3.2 m/s. The 3 experiences 0.155 mm distortion, whereas the 2 produced 0.103 mm. PLA material has the least value of influence among all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The exposed-dowel half-through tenon (EHT) joint is a common and important connection configuration in southwest China. However, deformation and looseness in the EHT joint constitute the primary causes of failure in the joint connection performance. In this study, a mechanical model of the joints under bending was established and analyzed. The geometric, physical, and equilibrium equations were constructed, the bending moment-rotation relationship was obtained, and the bending moment-rotation envelope curve and the flexural capacity were calculated. A low cycle reciprocating experiment of the EHT joint was conducted to measure the moment-rotation hysteretic curve and envelope curve of the joints. A comparison of the envelope curves calculated using the model and test curves was conducted, and the results showed that the calculation curve was in good agreement with the test curve. The ultimate bending capacity errors of the joint in the forward loading stage and reverse loading stages were 11.2 and 5.8%, respectively. A parametric analysis of the joint using the established mechanical model showed that increasing the diameter of the wooden pillar and the width of the tenon greatly improved the flexural capacity of the joints while increasing the height of the small tenon and reducing that of the joints during the reverse loading stage. These research results provided a reference for the new construction and restoration of the Drum Towers in southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Possible deterioration of a rock's structure and mechanical properties due to chemical reactions between the host rock, formation water, and CO2 requires due attention. In this study, cylindrical sandstone specimens obtained from the Hanna Formation, Wyoming, were prepared under three treatment conditions: dry, submerged in water, and treated with water + CO2 for one week at a pressure of 5 MPa and room temperature. Specimens were subjected to three effective confining pressures of 5, 15, and 25 MPa. The mechanical test results show that water + CO2 treatment, on average, decreases the peak strength and elastic modulus of the specimens by 36% and 20%, respectively, compared to dry specimens. For all three effective confining pressures, the dry specimens exhibited higher compressive strengths, larger Young's moduli, and more brittle behavior. CO2-treated specimens showed significantly lower calcite contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squeezing-induced buckling or flexural deformation of rock layers always occurs on consequent rock slopes and laminated roof of tunnels or underground openings. To reveal the mechanical mechanism and inducing factors of this instability, tests on cuboid rock samples comprised of bedding sandstone under horizontal squeezing stress were conducted. In addition, numerical modeling based on cohesive-element-model was conducted to further reveal the influence of inter-layer bonding strength on the mechanical behavior of laminated rock. According to the results, remarkable size effects exist on the buckling-fracture characteristics of tested samples. Subjected to the same horizontal stress, tested samples with different dimensions have quite different failure patterns, including upper buckling-lower shearing, integral buckling and end squashing. It is recommended that the length-thickness ratio of tested samples for buckling failure research should be less than 150/8. Moreover, numerical simulations indicate that failure characteristics of the samples are greatly influenced by the bedding structure such as bedding thickness and inter-bedded bonding strength. Buckling deformation at one end becomes quite obvious when inter-bedded bonding strength decreases to a smaller value. The research results will not only contribute to understanding the buckling mechanism of stratified rock mass subjected to horizontal stress, but also provide a guidance for similar experimental design in terms of sample preparation, loading and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical structures such as hospitals, high-precision manufacturing facilities, telecommunications centers, and fire stations, especially, need to maintain their functionality even during severe earthquakes. In this sense, seismic isolation technology serves as a vital design method for preserving their functionality. Seismic isolators, also known as earthquake isolation systems, are used to reduce the effects of earthquakes on buildings by isolating them from the ground they are located on. By ensuring that less acceleration and force demand is transmitted to the superstructure, both the building and the equipment and the devices in the building are prevented from being damaged by earthquakes. This experimental study aims to conduct vibration tests on a small-scale multi-story steel-building model equipped with a specially designed rolling-type seismic base isolation system. The relationship between the test model and the prototype was achieved by frequency simulation. The tests will be performed on a shake table under six different earthquake accelerations to examine the model's dynamic behavior. The primary goal is to evaluate the isolation performance of the rolling-type seismic base isolator under seismic loads, with a focus on recording the vibrations at the top of the test building. It has been observed that the isolator placed at the base of the building significantly reduced the peak acceleration and displacement values of the floor motion. Under the most severe earthquake record applied to the shake table, the acceleration at the top of the building with the isolator was found to be reduced by approximately 50%, compared to the non-isolated case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During an explosion, a building's stability is directly impacted by reinforced concrete (RC) columns. However, there is currently no theoretical analysis model that can precisely predict damage to RC columns after close-in/contact explosions. In the present study, the local damage response of RC columns under a rectangular charge was experimentally and numerically investigated, and a theoretical analysis model for predicting local damage after a contact explosion was developed. The experimental results verify the effects of concrete strength, standoff distance, transverse reinforcement spacing, and axial load on damage to RC columns. When the standoff is 100 mm, increasing the axial load can effectively reduce the damage to the center of the column surface. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the effect of different parameters on concrete damage, showing that the damage span of reinforced concrete increases with increased stirrup distance; however, when the stirrup distance decreases to 70 mm, the distance between the stirrups and the explosives is too close to limit the damage. The prediction model innovatively considers the attenuation of steel cross-section transmission and the characteristics of rectangular charges. Compared with traditional semi-empirical calculation models, it can accurately calculate local damage caused by contact explosions on reinforced concrete columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Conceptual Problem Solving-based learning in improving student conceptual understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The quasi-experimental method with a nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design was used to compare students conceptual in the experimental and control class. The subjects in this study were 69 first-year students of the Physics Education study program at one of the state universities in Yogyakarta. Force Concept inventories are used to assess students conceptual understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The findings revealed that there was significant difference in the increase in students conceptual understanding between the experimental and control groups. The increase in conceptual mismatch in experimental class students using CPS learning was higher (N-gain = 0.33) compared to control class students using direct instruction learning (N-gain = 0.11), although both groups experienced an increase. This study provides a real picture that the CPS technique can be used as a more successful strategy to improve the quality of physics learning, especially in improving knowledge of basic topics that are often difficult for students to understand, one of which is Newton's Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stresses caused by ionizing radiation can also damage tissues and organs through the circulatory system. In this study, we aimed to determine the radioprotective effect of propolis, a natural and powerful antioxidant product, against oxidative liver damage caused by cranial irradiation. Thirty-two male albino Sprague–Dawley rats, divided into four groups, were designed as sham group, irradiation (IR) group, propolis plus IR, control group of propolis. Biochemical parameters were measured in liver tissue of rats. While Total enzymatic superoxide scavenging activity (TSSA) and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenging activity (NSSA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of all groups were statistically significantly higher than rats receiving only-irradiation, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the IR group was significantly lower than in the sham control group and IR + propolis group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the IR group was found to be significantly higher than both the sham control group and the propolis control group, but lower than the IR + propolis group. Malondialdehyde level and xanthine oxidase activity were higher in the IR group than in the other groups. Compared to the sham control group, in the group treated with propolis, a significant elevation in antioxidant parameters, specifically TSSA, NSSA, SOD, and GST activities, was noted, with corresponding increases of 32.3%, 23.2%, 47.6%, and 22.6%, respectively. Our findings show that propolis can be a radioprotective agent against ionized radiation damage by increasing antioxidant activity and reducing oxidant stress in liver tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have confirmed that future self-continuity impacts the presence of meaning, evidence of cross-cultural consistency remains scarce, and the underlying mechanisms between the two are unclear. To fill this research gap, we conducted two studies using a sample of Chinese college students (N = 631). Study 1 verified the positive predictive effect of future self-continuity on the presence of meaning in the context of Eastern culture through two sub-experiments (n = 325), thereby confirming its cross-cultural consistency. Study 2, a three-wave longitudinal study, revealed the mediating mechanisms through which future self-continuity affects the presence of meaning (n = 306). The results suggest that future self-continuity at Time 1 can directly predict the presence of meaning at Time 3 and indirectly predict the presence of meaning at Time 3 through self-concept clarity at Time 2. Thus, self-concept clarity partially mediates the relationship between future self-continuity and the presence of meaning. These findings enrich cross-cultural research on the presence of meaning and provide new ideas and methods for enhancing the presence of meaning in individual lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the impact of topical papaverine administration in complete and incomplete colonic anastomosis, by examining bursting pressure, hydroxyproline concentration, collagen content, inflammation levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, neoangiogenesis, and necrosis grades. Methods: We performed an experimental study on rats, in which they were divided into the following 4 groups of 16 subjects each. Group 1 [complete anastomosis (CA) without papaverine (CA -P) group], Group 2 [CA with papaverine (CA +P) group], Group 3 [incomplete anastomosis (ICA) without papaverine (ICA -P) group], and Group 4 [ICA with papaverine (ICA +P) group]. Results: The lymphocyte infiltration score of the ICA +P3 (day 3) group was significantly higher compared to the ICA -P3 group (p = 0.018). The median Ehrlich–Hunt score (p = 0.012), inflammation score (p = 0.026), and neutrophil infiltration score (p = 0.041) of the CA +P7 (day 7) group were significantly lower than the corresponding data of the CA -P7 group. Additionally, the necrosis score of the ICA +P7 group was significantly lower than that of the ICA -P7 group (p = 0.014). Conclusions: Data from the current study reveal that, although topical papaverine seems to suppress inflammation in anastomosis tissue and reduce necrosis at 7 days, definite conclusions regarding its impact on anastomotic leak cannot be drawn without further studies investigating anastomotic wound healing and anastomotic leak, preferably with both shorter- and longer-term evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnel stability is influenced by the rheological properties of the surrounding rock. This study, based on the Ganshen high-speed railway tunnel project, examines the rheological characteristics of siltstone and sandstone through laboratory tests and theoretical analysis. Rheological curves and parameters are derived, revealing the time-dependent deformation mechanisms of the surrounding rocks. A numerical simulation model is created using these parameters to analyze deformation and stress characteristics based on different rock levels and inverted arch closure distances. Results indicate that sandstone follows the Cvisc model, with the Maxwell elastic modulus increasing under higher loads while the viscous coefficient decreases. The vault displacement is mainly affected by the surrounding rock strength; lower strength leads to greater displacement, which also increases with the closure distance of the inverted arch. These findings are crucial for determining the optimal closure distance of inverted arches in sandstone conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This paper proposes a protocol for researchers, ergonomists, and industrial practitioners to design and carry out well-structured experiments that allow for reliable and valid comparisons between different exoskeleton designs or configurations, considering factors such as user characteristics, task demands, environmental conditions, and subjective user perceptions. This paper proposes a modular protocol for the designing of experimental studies to analyze exoskeletons used in industrial settings to support manual material handling (MMH). Despite exoskeleton technologies starting to be highly commercialized and present in workplaces, research still lacks a standardized procedure for analyzing the impact of these devices on workers. The protocol presented in this paper outlines a step-by-step procedure, including the parameters to be collected and analyzed in a research study. Moreover, the approach could be easily adapted to meet the specificity of a wide range of exoskeletons. The main novelty of the protocol is thus to support the experimental design and analysis of studies assessing the overall impact of exoskeletons on workers. To implement the protocol, the selected case study concerned a palletizing task involving the MMH of 12 cardboard boxes, weighing 10 kg. The results from physiological signals and pressure insoles show that the protocol is comprehensive and can be utilized by researchers evaluating different occupational exoskeletons for assistance during MMH (both active and passive), with modifications to specific parts based on the type of exoskeleton being assessed or the variables of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this experimental study, we delve into the performance of an active mixer that utilizes liquid metal droplets. Our mixer configuration follows an innovative Y-type design, where two liquid metal-based pumping mechanisms operate within the minichannel inlet branches. By applying alternating current voltage to both sides of the liquid metal, we induce a surface tension gradient, propelling the fluid from the reservoirs toward the minichannel. Notably, the two entering liquids are distinctly colored, allowing us to quantify mixing using a Mixing Index (MI) definition and image processing techniques. Our investigation centers on four key variables governing mixer performance: applied voltage, liquid metal droplet diameter, input angle between the branches, and minichannel width. Given the experimental nature of our research, we employ a central composite design method within the framework of design of experiments (DoE). From our obtained experimental results, we establish correlations between MI and the other variables. Our examination of the four mentioned parameters revealed that liquid metal droplet diameter exerts the most significant influence on the mixing index. Following this, in descending order of impact, we find applied voltage, input angle, and channel width. In the optimal dimensions of our mixer, we achieve a remarkable maximum MI of 0.867. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel experimental data have been presented on the influence of the surface tension of a liquid on the dispersity of droplets in the spray cone of an ejection atomizer with forward and swirling gas feeds. The droplet-size distributions were measured with the optical method of small angles of the indicatrix of scattering. A decrease of nearly 10–17% in the median diameter of droplets of distilled water in the spray cone has been demonstrated with reduction in the coefficient of surface tension of water as a result of adding surfactants to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-volume space structures are characterized by high combustible loads, rapid fire development, difficulty in firefighting, and potential building collapse risks, making early fire detection particularly crucial. The effectiveness of early fire detection technologies relies on their ability to adapt to the characteristics of smoke-dominant combustion products in the protected space. However, there is a lack of targeted research on the characteristics of the smoke generated during the early low-power stages of fires in high-volume spaces, which has not supported the development of early fire detection technologies for such environments. To address this, this paper presents an experimental study that, for the first time, collects data on fire smoke parameters such as temperature, velocity, concentration, and particle size at heights ranging from 6.5 m to 18.5 m using lightweight sensors. The study analyzes the characteristic and correlations of these parameters and their impact on early fire detection in high-volume spaces for the first time, presenting variation patterns in the plume velocity and particle size distribution of early fire smoke with height. It identifies three patterns of particle size distribution, contrasting with previous studies, and offers a qualitative explanation for these findings. This research enhances the understanding of early fire smoke signals in large spaces and offers valuable insights for developing more accurate and efficient fire detection strategies and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work presents a comprehensive experimental study of frost heave in a fine-grained material to investigate the effects of top freezing (TF) and bottom freezing (BF) mechanisms with ice lens formation. A novel test device was built to investigate artificial ground freezing (AGF)-related temperature and load boundary conditions. This paper includes 62 frost heave experiments and test observations up to 10 days. The long test duration allows a precise examination of ice lens growth during thermal steady state when the frost line remains largely stable and the ice lens grows. This state corresponds to the holding phase of a practical in situ AGF implementation where the cooling is used to maintain the frozen body thickness. The freezing observations show that BF heaving is larger than TF heaving in most cases. This is caused by the more favorable hydraulic conditions caused by gravitational effects and vertical cracking that occurs during ice lens formation due to suction. This facilitates water accumulation at the ice lens. An applied load reduces the differences between BF and TF conditions beyond a certain value which corresponds to an overburden capable of preventing the formation of the longitudinal cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite all the benefits of what customer data can bring to the marketing field, customers' privacy concern is one of the key challenges that comes with Big Data, privacy threats have evolved along with the evolution of information technology and resulted in privacy protection behaviour among customers. The present research conducted an experimental study to examine the effects of external stimuli in triggering privacy protection behaviour, including the presence of surveillance cameras, company disclosure of biometric data collection, and customers' prior knowledge of privacy. The study involved a 3 (environmental awareness: low/average/high) x 2 (company disclosure: yes/no) between subject designs. Data was collected on the Tencent questionnaire platform () with 554 effective responses. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that the presence of surveillance cameras, company disclosure in biometric data collection, and the customer's prior knowledge of privacy are crucial factors in triggering a customer's privacy protection behaviour in the service industry. Practical implications for retail store operators and theoretical contributions are discussed. The current study extends the knowledge of privacy protection by incorporating additional factors (privacy literacy) into the existing protection motivation theory. Additionally, it extends its application to the physical environment which is often overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantifying tumor growth and treatment response noninvasively poses a challenge to all experimental tumor models. The aim of our study was, to assess the value of quantitative and visual examination and radiomic feature analysis of high-resolution MR images of heterotopic glioblastoma xenografts in mice to determine tumor cell proliferation (TCP). Methods: Human glioblastoma cells were injected subcutaneously into both flanks of immunodeficient mice and followed up on a 3 T MR scanner. Volumes and signal intensities were calculated. Visual assessment of the internal tumor structure was based on a scoring system. Radiomic feature analysis was performed using MaZda software. The results were correlated with histopathology and immunochemistry. Results: 21 tumors in 14 animals were analyzed. The volumes of xenografts with high TCP (H-TCP) increased, whereas those with low TCP (L-TCP) or no TCP (N-TCP) continued to decrease over time (p < 0.05). A low intensity rim (rim sign) on unenhanced T1-weighted images provided the highest diagnostic accuracy at visual analysis for assessing H-TCP (p < 0.05). Applying radiomic feature analysis, wavelet transform parameters were best for distinguishing between H-TCP and L-TCP / N-TCP (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Visual and radiomic feature analysis of the internal structure of heterotopically implanted glioblastomas provide reproducible and quantifiable results to predict the success of transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has fundamentally changed how we work. Even after the pandemic, many companies offer their employees the option of working from home. Although working from home may offer several benefits, our understanding of whether employees are more creative when working from home or in an office is limited. To address this research gap, we conducted an experimental study with a German company whose employees usually work in an activity‐based workspace consisting of open, closed and informal spaces that can be used by employees depending on the task at hand. Employees self‐assessed their creative performance for different creative tasks (individual vs. team) and in different work environments (office vs. home office). Our findings reveal that for individual creative tasks (e.g. creating a presentation), employees are more creative when working from home (vs. in the office) because they experience higher levels of perceived psychological freedom (mediating effect). By contrast, for team creative tasks (e.g. developing ideas for a new product), employees reported being more creative when working in the office (vs. from home) due to higher levels of perceived psychological safety (mediating effect). Taken together, these findings enhance our understanding of when and how working from home (vs. in the office) may be beneficial for employees' creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work involved an experimental study on Abaca fibre bio-composites subjected to a low-velocity impact test at 2.42 m/s to study the effect of fibre weight fraction on the impact performance. The abaca fibre reinforced composite (AFRC) specimens were fabricated with a 10% increment of fibre, varying from W f = 20% to 50%, and their impact properties compared with each other. The impact properties such as force-time history, energy-time history, Coefficient of Restitution (CoR), Energy Loss Percentage (ELP) and Energy Absorption Ratio (EAR) were studied. A significant change in impact force and energy absorption was found as the fibre content increased in the composite. The findings show a good relationship between fibre weight fractions, composite laminate stiffness, impact load and total absorbed energy. The experimental results of the impact test show that the composite specimen with W f = 40% has high impact energy absorption capacity with 4. 09 J 92.94 N and 4.09 J, EAR of 39.94%, CoR of 0.77 and ELP of 40.04%. Low fibre weight fraction composite has shown brittle failure, and high fibre weight fraction has shown ductile behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based study was used for post-impact damage analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Small-sized anchors (typically 6 mm [0.24 in.]) are commonly used for nonstructural applications. There has been increasing demand for seismic performance of fastenings for nonstructural applications; however, there have been no 6 mm (0.24 in.) size screw anchors with seismic prequalification for large crack width. This study investigated the feasibility of small-sized screw anchors to perform under tension loading in crack widths of up to 0.8 mm (0.03 in.). Tension tests were conducted in cracked concrete with varying crack widths (0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 mm [0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 in.]) under monotonic, pulsating, and varying crack width load protocol. Based on the findings of this study, 6 mm (0.24 in.) screw anchors exhibited load drop and slip behavior in large crack width during the residual capacity test, even for anchors with a deeper embedment. Finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a larger-sized thread width to perform in 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) crack width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the evaluation of the Notch Stress Intensity Factor (NSIF) as a key parameter for estimating the material's master failure curve in API 5L pipe steel. The research encompasses both experimental investigations and numerical validations to comprehensively assess the applicability of NSIF in predicting failure behavior. Through a series of controlled experiments, various notched specimens were subjected to different loading conditions, allowing the determination of NSIF values. Concurrently, a numerical framework was developed using finite element analysis to simulate the stress distribution near the notches. The experimental results were compared with the numerical simulations to validate the accuracy of the proposed approach. This research contributes to enhancing the understanding of how NSIF can serve as a reliable indicator of failure potential in industrial applications, particularly in the context of pipeline structures. The findings highlight the significance of NSIF-based predictions in ensuring the integrity and safety of materials under varying loading conditions.

The damage effect of the explosion shock wave generated by the explosion of the air to air missile warhead on the aircraft skin structure is influenced by various factors，and the function mechanism is relatively com plex，so that a large number of experimental and computational samples are required to evaluate the damage of shock waves to aircraft skin structures accurately. The static explosion experiments of aluminum alloy reinforced plates with fixed supports are performed，and their dynamic response and deformation patterns under shock wave loading are analyzed. The finite element analysis software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the structural response under explosive impact，and the simulation model is validated by comparing with the experimental results. The results show that the target plate is prone to tensile failure with tearing at the fixed boundary when the hole area ratio of the reinforced plate exceeds 1‰，and increasing the hole diameter or the number of holes enhances the risk of perforation damage between holes. The target deformation increases with the incident angle of explosion，and the target deflection can increase by more than 30% when the angle increases from 30° to 60° at a constant explosion distance.

Abstract This research presents an experimental, analytical, and numerical study to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete hidden and wide beams embedded in slabs. The experimentally studied parameters of testing eight specimens include beam depth, beam width, and beam eccentricity from the column. The obtained test results were compared to the predictions of finite element analysis using the ANSYS program. A numerical parametric study was conducted by the ANSYS program to explore other parameters affecting the ultimate flexural strength of beams. The studied parameters encompass concrete compressive strength, steel reinforcement strength, bottom reinforcement ratio, top-to-bottom reinforcement ratio, and web reinforcement ratio. The results revealed that an increase in beam depth led to higher ultimate load and secant stiffness, along with a decrease in deflection. The increase in beam width significantly affected beam depth, resulting in increased ultimate load and secant stiffness and a slight decrease in deflection. The increase in beam eccentricity from the column resulted in a decrease in ultimate load and secant stiffness while increasing the deflection. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results were made against calculations based on the ECP 203-2017 and ACI 318-19 codes, and the comparison yielded satisfactory results.