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Although significant progress has been achieved over many decades, sustaining the success of family planning programs in Indonesia requires a deep understanding of the factors that influence community satisfaction among those involved. This study surveyed 503 Family Planning Field Workers (PKBs) across Indonesia's regions to identify the main factors encouraging satisfaction among communities participating in these programs. A structured online questionnaire was distributed to collect data on the sociodemographic factors influencing satisfaction, which were then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that effective follow-up on community feedback (β = 0.233, p < 0.001), implementing a rights-based approach (β = 0.207, p < 0.001), enabling community participation (β = 0.147, p < 0.001), collaborating with healthcare providers and facilities (β = 0.159, p < 0.001), and monitoring and evaluating programs (β = 0.155, p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors. More notable, the regression model accounted for a considerable 74.7% of the variation in community satisfaction, pointing to how significant the explanatory power of the identified factors was in predicting the level of satisfaction among communities participating in family planning programs. Actions must be developed to enhance reproductive health and manage population growth by focusing on key factors such as responsive communication, rights, integrated services, community involvement, and evaluations, which are what matters most for family planning programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotavirus A (RVA) is a diarrheal pathogen affecting children under age five, particularly in developing and underdeveloped regions of the world due to malnutrition, poor healthcare and hygienic conditions. Water and food contamination are found to be major sources of diarrheal outbreaks. Pakistan is one of the countries with high RVA related diarrhea burden but with insufficient surveillance system. The aim of this study was to gauge the RVA contamination of major open sewerage collecting streams and household water supplies in two major metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Three concentration methods were compared using RNA purity and concentration as parameters, and detection efficiency of the selected method was estimated. Water samples were collected from 21 sites in Islamabad and Rawalpindi in two phases during the year 2014–2015. Meteorological conditions were recorded for each sampling day and site from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). Nested PCR was used to detect the presence of RVA in samples targeting the VP7 gene. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association of weather conditions with RVA persistence in water bodies. Statistical analysis hinted at a temporal and seasonal pattern of RVA detection in water. Phylogenetic analysis of selected isolates showed a close association of environmental strains with clinical RVA isolates from hospitalized children with acute diarrhea during the same period. This is the first scientific report cataloging the circulating RVA strains in environmental samples from the region. The study highlights the hazards of releasing untreated sewerage containing potentially infectious viral particles into collecting streams, which could become a reservoir of multiple pathogens and a risk to exposed communities. Moreover, routine testing of these water bodies can present an effective surveillance system of circulating viral strains in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Connecting patients to community-based resources is now a cornerstone of modern healthcare that supports self-management of health. The mechanisms that link resource information to behavior change, however, remain poorly understood.Objective: To evaluate the impact of CommunityRx, an automated, low-intensity resource referral intervention, on patients' knowledge, beliefs, and use of community resources.Design: Real-world controlled clinical trial at an urban academic medical center in 2015-2016; participants were assigned by alternating week to receive the CommunityRx intervention or usual care. Surveys were administered at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months.Participants: Publicly insured adults, ages 45-74 years.Intervention: CommunityRx generated an automated, personalized list of resources, known as HealtheRx, near each participant's home using condition-specific, evidence-based algorithms. Algorithms used patient demographic and health characteristics documented in the electronic health record to identify relevant resources from a comprehensive, regularly updated database of health-related resources in the study area.Main Measures: Using intent-to-treat analysis, we examined the impact of HealtheRx referrals on (1) knowledge of the most commonly referred resource types, including healthy eating classes, individual counseling, mortgage assistance, smoking cessation, stress management, and weight loss classes or groups, and (2) beliefs about having resources in the community to manage health.Key Results: In a real-world controlled trial of 374 adults, intervention recipients improved knowledge (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.29-3.58) and beliefs (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.07-2.64) about common resources in the community to manage health, specifically gaining knowledge about smoking cessation (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.07-7.12) and weight loss resources (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.05-4.84). Positive changes in both knowledge and beliefs about community resources were associated with higher resource use (P = 0.02).Conclusions: In a middle-age and older population with high morbidity, a low-intensity health IT intervention to deliver resource referrals promoted behavior change by increasing knowledge and positive beliefs about community resources for self-management of health.Nih Trial Registry: NCT02435511. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of authors is presented which includes Jeffrey Bury, R. Choudhary and Declan Conway.

The article presents abstracts of various studies on urban planning which includes "Nazi Spatial Theory: The Dark Geographies of Carl Schmitt and Walter Christaller," by Trevor J. Barnes and colleagues, " Geographical Warfare in the Tropics: Yves Lacoste and the Vietnam War," by Gavin P. Bowd and colleagues and "Changing Collaborative Practices Through Cultural Interventions," by Marcel Veenswijk and colleagues.