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The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation have developed a unique standard for Arctic diesel fuel, which implies attainment of low-temperature indices of diesel fuel below -65°C without additives. Because of its high commercial production, over the time from 2017 through 2020 PAO Slavneft-YaNOS (Slavneft-YaNOS PJSC) prepared experimental and semi-industrial batches of Arctic diesel fuel during several pilot-scale runs for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This fuel has now been put into production.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has developed unique standard for arctic diesel fuel which assumes achievement of low temperature indicators of fuel below minus 65°C without use of additives. Thanks to high production technology during the period 2016–2020 Slavneft-YANOS PJSC during several test-industrial runs has produced test and test-industrial consignments of arctic diesel fuel for Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This fuel is now put into production line.

The results of studies of proton flux dynamics of the ring current and magnetic field in the middle of radiation belts during two strong magnetic storms in 2015 (March 17–18, 2015 and June 22–23, 2015) with a close amplitude of Dst-variations (∣Dstmax∣ ~ 200 nT) are presented. An analysis of the experimental data obtained on board two space vehicles named Van Allen Probes (earlier: Radiation Belt Storm Probes, RBSP), located at an orbit close to equatorial is performed. Modeling of the ring current and magnetic field in the frames of the paraboloid model of Earth’s magnetosphere А2000 is conducted. Confirmation of the existence of a mechanism for ring current development and, respectively, geomagnetic storm under the action of a strong pulse of solar-wind pressure is obtained as a result of comparative analysis of ring current dynamics and the magnetic field in the middle of radiation belts during the main phases of two storms in 2015. It is found that during the magnetic storm of June 22–23, 2015, the development of the ring current during the main phase continued despite the northward turn of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the following period with positive Bz in the solar wind. The effect observed during June 22–23, 2015 is explained by the intensification of storm ring current due to a long and powerful pulse of the solar wind pressure that led to a nonadiabatic transport of the ring current particles to lower L shells.

Introduction . Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by the high (30–40 % of cases) frequency of lethal outcomes which at metastasis reaches 90 %. Lack of efficient diagnostics at early stages of a disease indicates the need of searching on new ccRCC markers. Objective : for definition of methylation role of some tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) genes in ccRCC pathogenesis and progression and marker identification for ccRCC diagnostics and metastasis predictions. Materials and methods. The alterations of methylation status of 10 miRNA genes were determined by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction in tumor DNA samples and matched histologically unchanged tissues from 70 patients with ccRCC, as well as in DNA samples of kidney tissues from 19 post-mortal individuals without cancer history. Methylation of MIR MIR-107, -130b and -148a genes in ccRCC was studied for the first time. Results. It was shown that 8 miRNA genes (MIR-9-1/3, -34b/c, -124a-1/2/3, -129-2, -130b) were methylated in ccRCC tumors with significantly higher frequency than in the matched histologically unchanged kidney tissues. It was established the association of methylation of 4 miRNA genes (MIR-107, -124a-3, -129-2, -130b) with ccRCC progression (stage, tumor size, differentiation grade), including metastasis in the lymph nodes or distant organs, revealed for MIR-107 and -129-2. The association of MIR-107 and -130b methylation with progression of ccRCC is shown for the first time. Potential marker systems are made for ccRCC diagnostics using tumor biopsy; according to the ROC analysis, systems from 4 and 5 genes (MIR-9-1, -4b/c, -124a-3, -129-2/with addition of MIR-130b) are characterized by high clinical sensitivity of 90 % and specificity of 94 % (area under ROC curve 0.93 and 0.94). Conclusion. The received results will form the basis of noninvasive ccRCC diagnostics further development. To conclude, it is shown the association of methylation of 9 miRNA genes with ccRCC pathogenesis and progression and its potential diagnostic value.

The clear-cell carcinoma of kidney is characterized by high rate of lethal outcomes. The lethality makes up to 16% in the first year after disease was diagnosed. The absence of efficient diagnostic at early stages (30% of all cases of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney are found out at late stages if there is metastatic disease) indicates the necessity of searching new biomarkers of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney. The disorders in methylation of regulatory genes of micro-RNA are one the causes of development of tumor. The purpose of the present study is to discover hyper-methylated genes of micro-RNA under clear-cell carcinoma of kidney and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic characteristics. The establishment of status of methylation of genes of micro-RNA in samples of DNA from tumor and unaltered tissue of 50 patients with clear-cell carcinoma of kidney was implemented using bisulfite conversion of DNA and subsequent methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequent hyper-methylation of seven genes of micro-RNA (miR-9-1/3, miR-124a-1/2/3, miR-34b/c, miR-129-2) in tumors of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney. Out of 7 analyzed genes of micro-RNA the systems of markers on 2-4 genes in each one were compiled. According ROC-analysis, the sensitivity of 4 markers systems reaches 88%, specificity - 94% (AUC 0.83-0.84). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that hyper-methylation of 5 genes of micro-RNA (miR-9-1/3, miR-124a-1/2/3, miR-34b/c, miR-129-2) is associated with parameters of progression of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney (stage, size of tumor, degree of differentiation, metastasis in lymph nodes on remote organs). Out of genes which hyper-methylation is associated with metastasis disease (miR-9-1/3, miR-124a-1/2/3, miR-34b/c, miR-129-2) 5 prognostic systems of markers were compiled and characterized. The hyper-methylation of gene miR-129-2 is a new efficient marker of prognosis of metastasis disease (sensitivity 75% and specificity 79%, AUC 0.77) that can be combined with markers discovered in other studies.

Methylation of promoter CpG islands and microRNA (miRNA) interactions with mRNAs of target genes are epigenetic mechanisms that play a crucial role in deregulation of gene expression and signaling pathways in tumors. Altered expression of six chromosome 3p genes (RARB(2), SEMA3B, RHOA, GPX1, NKIRAS1, and CHL1) and two miRNA genes (MIR-129-2 and MIR-9-1) was observed in primary clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs, 31-48 samples) by RT-PCR and qPCR. Significant downregulation (p0.05, Fisher's exact test) was observed for SEMA3B, NKIRAS1, and CHL1; and differential expression, for the other chromosome 3p and miRNA genes. Methylation-specific PCR with primers to RARB(2), SEMA3B, MIR-129-2, and MIR-9-1 showed that their methylation frequency was significantly (p0.05, Fisher's exact test) elevated in the ccRCC samples. Significant correlations between promoter methylation and expression were confirmed for SEMA3B and observed for the first time for RARB(2), GPX1, and MIR-129-2 in ccRCC (Spearman's correlation coefficient rs ranging 0.31-0.60, p0.05). The MIR-129-2 and RARB(2) methylation frequencies significantly correlated with ccRCC progression. MIR-129-2 methylation correlated with upregulation of RARB(2), RHOA, NKIRAS1, and CHL1 (rs ranging 0.35-0.53, p0.05). The findings implicate methylation in regulating RARB(2), SEMA3B, GPX1, and MIR-129-2 and indicate that miR-129-2 and methylation of its gene affect RARB(2), RHOA, NKIRAS1, and CHL1 expression.