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1. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Author

Burton, A. Cole, Beirne, Christopher, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Sun, Catherine, Granados, Alys, Allen, Maximilian L., Alston, Jesse M., Alvarenga, Guilherme C., Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, Amir, Zachary, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, Appel, Cara, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, Balme, Guy, Bar-Massada, Avi, Barcelos, Daniele, Barr, Evan, Barthelmess, Erika L., Baruzzi, Carolina, Basak, Sayantani M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Belmaker, Jonathan, Belova, Olgirda, Bezarević, Branko, Bird, Tori, Bogan, Daniel A., Bogdanović, Neda, Boyce, Andy, Boyce, Mark, Brandt, LaRoy, Brodie, Jedediah F., Brooke, Jarred, Bubnicki, Jakub W., Cagnacci, Francesca, Carr, Benjamin Scott, Carvalho, João, Casaer, Jim, Černe, Rok, Chen, Ron, Chow, Emily, Churski, Marcin, Cincotta, Connor, Ćirović, Duško, Coates, T. D., Compton, Justin, Coon, Courtney, Cove, Michael V., Crupi, Anthony P., Farra, Simone Dal, Darracq, Andrea K., Davis, Miranda, Dawe, Kimberly, De Waele, Valerie, Descalzo, Esther, Diserens, Tom A., Drimaj, Jakub, Duľa, Martin, Ellis-Felege, Susan, Ellison, Caroline, Ertürk, Alper, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, Favreau, Jorie, Fennell, Mitch, Ferreras, Pablo, Ferretti, Francesco, Fiderer, Christian, Finnegan, Laura, Fisher, Jason T., Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Fležar, Urša, Flousek, Jiří, Foca, Jennifer M., Ford, Adam, Franzetti, Barbara, Frey, Sandra, Fritts, Sarah, Frýbová, Šárka, Furnas, Brett, Gerber, Brian, Geyle, Hayley M., Giménez, Diego G., Giordano, Anthony J., Gomercic, Tomislav, Gompper, Matthew E., Gräbin, Diogo Maia, Gray, Morgan, Green, Austin, Hagen, Robert, Hagen, Robert (Bob), Hammerich, Steven, Hanekom, Catharine, Hansen, Christopher, Hasstedt, Steven, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hofmeester, Tim R., Hubbard, Tru, Jachowski, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jaspers, Kodi Jo, Jensen, Alex, Jordan, Mark, Kaizer, Mariane C., Kelly, Marcella J., Kohl, Michel T., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Krofel, Miha, Krug, Andrea, Kuhn, Kellie M., Kuijper, Dries P. J., Kuprewicz, Erin K., Kusak, Josip, Kutal, Miroslav, Lafferty, Diana J. R., LaRose, Summer, Lashley, Marcus, Lathrop, Richard, Lee, Jr, Thomas E., Lepczyk, Christopher, Lesmeister, Damon B., Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, Marco, Loch, Jan, Long, Robert, Lonsinger, Robert C., Louvrier, Julie, Luskin, Matthew Scott, MacKay, Paula, Maher, Sean, Manet, Benoît, Mann, Gareth K. H., Marshall, Andrew J., Mason, David, McDonald, Zara, McKay, Tracy, McShea, William J., Mechler, Matt, Miaud, Claude, Millspaugh, Joshua J., Monteza-Moreno, Claudio M., Moreira-Arce, Dario, Mullen, Kayleigh, Nagy, Christopher, Naidoo, Robin, Namir, Itai, Nelson, Carrie, O’Neill, Brian, O’Mara, M. Teague, Oberosler, Valentina, Osorio, Christian, Ossi, Federico, Palencia, Pablo, Pearson, Kimberly, Pedrotti, Luca, Pekins, Charles E., Pendergast, Mary, Pinho, Fernando F., Plhal, Radim, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, Price, Melissa, Procko, Michael, Proctor, Mike D., Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Ranc, Nathan, Reljic, Slaven, Remine, Katie, Rentz, Michael, Revord, Ronald, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, Risch, Derek, Ritchie, Euan G., Romero, Andrea, Rota, Christopher, Rovero, Francesco, Rowe, Helen, Rutz, Christian, Salvatori, Marco, Sandow, Derek, Schalk, Christopher M., Scherger, Jenna, Schipper, Jan, Scognamillo, Daniel G., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Semenzato, Paola, Sevin, Jennifer, Shamon, Hila, Shier, Catherine, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., Sindicic, Magda, Smyth, Lucy K., Soyumert, Anil, Sprague, Tiffany, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, Stenglein, Jennifer, Stephens, Philip A., Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, Stevens, Michael, Stevenson, Cassondra, Ternyik, Bálint, Thomson, Ian, Torres, Rita T., Tremblay, Joan, Urrutia, Tomas, Vacher, Jean-Pierre, Visscher, Darcy, Webb, Stephen L., Weber, Julian, Weiss, Katherine C. B., Whipple, Laura S., Whittier, Christopher A., Whittington, Jesse, Wierzbowska, Izabela, Wikelski, Martin, Williamson, Jacque, Wilmers, Christopher C., Windle, Todd, Wittmer, Heiko U., Zharikov, Yuri, Zorn, Adam, and Kays, Roland

Published
2024
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4. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Author

Burton, Cole, Beirne, Christopher, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Sun, Catherine, Granados, Alys, Allen, Maximilian L., Alston, Jesse M., Alvarenga, Guilherme C., Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, Amir, Zachary, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, Appel, Cara, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, Balme, Guy, Bar-Massada, Avi, Barcelos, Daniele, Barr, Evan, Barthelmess, Erika L., Baruzzi, Carolina, Basak, Sayantani M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Belmaker, Jonathan, Belova, Olgirda, Bezarević, Branko, Bird, Tori, Bogan, Daniel A., Bogdanović, Neda, Boyce, Andy, Boyce, Mark, Brandt, La Roy, Brodie, Jedediah F., Brooke, Jarred, Bubnicki, Jakub W., Cagnacci, Francesca, Carr, Benjamin Scott, Carvalho, João, Casaer, Jim, Černe, Rok, Chen, Ron, Chow, Emily, Churski, Marcin, Cincotta, Connor, Ćirović, Duško, Coates, T.D., Compton, Justin, Coon, Courtney, Cove, Michael V., Crupi, Anthony P., Farra, Simone Dal, Darracq, Andrea K., Davis, Miranda, Dawe, Kimberly, De Waele, Valerie, Descalzo, Esther, Diserens, Tom A., Drimaj, Jakub, Duľa, Martin, Ellis-Felege, Susan, Ellison, Caroline, Ertürk, Alper, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, Favreau, Jorie, Fennell, Mitch, Ferreras, Pablo, Ferretti, Francesco, Fiderer, Christian, Finnegan, Laura, Fisher, Jason T., Fisher-Reid, Caitlin, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Fležar, Urša, Flousek, Jiří, Foca, Jennifer M., Ford, Adam, Franzetti, Barbara, Frey, Sandra, Fritts, Sarah, Frýbová, Šárka, Furnas, Brett, Gerber, Brian, Geyle, Hayley M., Giménez, Diego G., Giordano, Anthony J., Gomercic, Tomislav, Gompper, Matthew E., Gräbin, Diogo Maia, Gray, Morgan, Green, Austin, Hagen, Robert, Hammerich, Steven, Hanekom, Catharine, Hansen, Christopher, Hasstedt, Steven, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hofmeester, Tim R., Hubbard, Tru, Jachowski, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jaspers, Kodi Jo, Jensen, Alex, Jordan, Mark, Kaizer, Mariane C., Kelly, Marcella J., Kohl, Michel T., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Krofel, Miha, Krug, Andrea, Kuhn, Kellie M., Kuijper, Dries P.J., Kuprewicz, Erin K., Kusak, Josip, Kutal, Miroslav, Lafferty, Diana J.R., LaRose, Summer, Lashley, Marcus, Lathrop, Richard, Lee, Thomas E., Lepczyk, Christopher, Lesmeister, Damon B., Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, Marco, Loch, Jan, Long, Robert, Lonsinger, Robert C., Louvrier, Julie, Luskin, Matthew Scott, MacKay, Paula, Maher, Sean, Manet, Benoît, Mann, Gareth K.H., Marshall, Andrew J., Mason, David, McDonald, Zara, McKay, Tracy, McShea, William J., Mechler, Matt, Miaud, Claude, Millspaugh, Joshua J., Moreira-Arce, Dario, Mullen, Kayleigh, Nagy, Christopher, Naidoo, Robin, Namir, Itai, Nelson, Carrie, O’Neill, Brian, O’Mara, Teague, Oberosler, Valentina, Osorio, Christian, Ossi, Federico, Palencia, Pablo, Pearson, Kimberly, Pedrotti, Luca, Pekins, Charles E., Pendergast, Mary, Pinho, Fernando F., Plhal, Radim, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, Price, Melissa, Procko, Michael, Proctor, Mike D., Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Ranc, Nathan, Reljic, Slaven, Remine, Katie, Rentz, Michael, Revord, Ronald, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, Risch, Derek, Ritchie, Euan G., Romero, Andrea, Rota, Christopher, Rovero, Francesco, Rowe, Helen, Rutz, Christian, Salvatori, Marco, Sandow, Derek, Schalk, Christopher M., Scherger, Jenna, Schipper, Jan, Scognamillo, Daniel G., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Semenzato, Paola, Sevin, Jennifer, Shamon, Hila, Shier, Catherine, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., Sindicic, Magda, Smyth, Lucy K., Soyumert, Anil, Sprague, Tiffany, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, Stenglein, Jennifer, Stephens, Philip A., Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, Stevens, Michael, Stevenson, Cassondra, Ternyik, Bálint, Thomson, Ian, Torres, Rita T., Tremblay, Joan, Urrutia, Tomas, Vacher, Jean Pierre, Visscher, Darcy, Webb, Stephen L., Weber, Julian, Weiss, Katherine C.B., Whipple, Laura S., Whittier, Christopher A., Whittington, Jesse, Wierzbowska, Izabela, Wikelski, Martin, Williamson, Jacque, Wilmers, Christopher C., Windle, Todd, Wittmer, Heiko U., Zharikov, Yuri, Zorn, Adam, Kays, Roland, Burton, Cole, Beirne, Christopher, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Sun, Catherine, Granados, Alys, Allen, Maximilian L., Alston, Jesse M., Alvarenga, Guilherme C., Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, Amir, Zachary, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, Appel, Cara, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, Balme, Guy, Bar-Massada, Avi, Barcelos, Daniele, Barr, Evan, Barthelmess, Erika L., Baruzzi, Carolina, Basak, Sayantani M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Belmaker, Jonathan, Belova, Olgirda, Bezarević, Branko, Bird, Tori, Bogan, Daniel A., Bogdanović, Neda, Boyce, Andy, Boyce, Mark, Brandt, La Roy, Brodie, Jedediah F., Brooke, Jarred, Bubnicki, Jakub W., Cagnacci, Francesca, Carr, Benjamin Scott, Carvalho, João, Casaer, Jim, Černe, Rok, Chen, Ron, Chow, Emily, Churski, Marcin, Cincotta, Connor, Ćirović, Duško, Coates, T.D., Compton, Justin, Coon, Courtney, Cove, Michael V., Crupi, Anthony P., Farra, Simone Dal, Darracq, Andrea K., Davis, Miranda, Dawe, Kimberly, De Waele, Valerie, Descalzo, Esther, Diserens, Tom A., Drimaj, Jakub, Duľa, Martin, Ellis-Felege, Susan, Ellison, Caroline, Ertürk, Alper, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, Favreau, Jorie, Fennell, Mitch, Ferreras, Pablo, Ferretti, Francesco, Fiderer, Christian, Finnegan, Laura, Fisher, Jason T., Fisher-Reid, Caitlin, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Fležar, Urša, Flousek, Jiří, Foca, Jennifer M., Ford, Adam, Franzetti, Barbara, Frey, Sandra, Fritts, Sarah, Frýbová, Šárka, Furnas, Brett, Gerber, Brian, Geyle, Hayley M., Giménez, Diego G., Giordano, Anthony J., Gomercic, Tomislav, Gompper, Matthew E., Gräbin, Diogo Maia, Gray, Morgan, Green, Austin, Hagen, Robert, Hammerich, Steven, Hanekom, Catharine, Hansen, Christopher, Hasstedt, Steven, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hofmeester, Tim R., Hubbard, Tru, Jachowski, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jaspers, Kodi Jo, Jensen, Alex, Jordan, Mark, Kaizer, Mariane C., Kelly, Marcella J., Kohl, Michel T., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Krofel, Miha, Krug, Andrea, Kuhn, Kellie M., Kuijper, Dries P.J., Kuprewicz, Erin K., Kusak, Josip, Kutal, Miroslav, Lafferty, Diana J.R., LaRose, Summer, Lashley, Marcus, Lathrop, Richard, Lee, Thomas E., Lepczyk, Christopher, Lesmeister, Damon B., Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, Marco, Loch, Jan, Long, Robert, Lonsinger, Robert C., Louvrier, Julie, Luskin, Matthew Scott, MacKay, Paula, Maher, Sean, Manet, Benoît, Mann, Gareth K.H., Marshall, Andrew J., Mason, David, McDonald, Zara, McKay, Tracy, McShea, William J., Mechler, Matt, Miaud, Claude, Millspaugh, Joshua J., Moreira-Arce, Dario, Mullen, Kayleigh, Nagy, Christopher, Naidoo, Robin, Namir, Itai, Nelson, Carrie, O’Neill, Brian, O’Mara, Teague, Oberosler, Valentina, Osorio, Christian, Ossi, Federico, Palencia, Pablo, Pearson, Kimberly, Pedrotti, Luca, Pekins, Charles E., Pendergast, Mary, Pinho, Fernando F., Plhal, Radim, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, Price, Melissa, Procko, Michael, Proctor, Mike D., Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Ranc, Nathan, Reljic, Slaven, Remine, Katie, Rentz, Michael, Revord, Ronald, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, Risch, Derek, Ritchie, Euan G., Romero, Andrea, Rota, Christopher, Rovero, Francesco, Rowe, Helen, Rutz, Christian, Salvatori, Marco, Sandow, Derek, Schalk, Christopher M., Scherger, Jenna, Schipper, Jan, Scognamillo, Daniel G., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Semenzato, Paola, Sevin, Jennifer, Shamon, Hila, Shier, Catherine, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., Sindicic, Magda, Smyth, Lucy K., Soyumert, Anil, Sprague, Tiffany, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, Stenglein, Jennifer, Stephens, Philip A., Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, Stevens, Michael, Stevenson, Cassondra, Ternyik, Bálint, Thomson, Ian, Torres, Rita T., Tremblay, Joan, Urrutia, Tomas, Vacher, Jean Pierre, Visscher, Darcy, Webb, Stephen L., Weber, Julian, Weiss, Katherine C.B., Whipple, Laura S., Whittier, Christopher A., Whittington, Jesse, Wierzbowska, Izabela, Wikelski, Martin, Williamson, Jacque, Wilmers, Christopher C., Windle, Todd, Wittmer, Heiko U., Zharikov, Yuri, Zorn, Adam, and Kays, Roland

Abstract

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.

Published
2024

5. The Effects of Wild Boar Rooting on Epigeic Arthropods in Oak Forests.

Author

Špoula, Jakub, Stočes, Dominik, Drimaj, Jakub, and Mikulka, Ondřej

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL disturbances, PITFALL traps, FORAGING behavior, SCARABAEIDAE, CRICKETS (Insect), WILD boar
Abstract

The distribution of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) on almost all continents brings with it a number of negative impacts, the intensity of which depend on the local population density. One of these impacts is the rooting of the soil surface as part of their foraging behavior, which represents an ecologically valuable disturbance to the forest ecosystem. In this study, conducted in 2022 and 2023, we placed 50 pitfall traps across 10 plots at 10 model sites to compare epigeic arthropod communities in areas affected by wild boar rooting with those unaffected by rooting activity. Our findings demonstrate the presence or absence of rooting is a highly significant factor in shaping arthropod epigeic community assemblies. Rooted plots predominantly hosted species from the taxons Araneae, Carabidae, Elateridae, and Diplopoda, whereas plots without rooting were significantly associated with the taxons Tenebrionidae, Opiliones, Gryllidae, and Geotrupidae. Diptera, and Staphylinidae were not affected by wild boar rooting activity. Throughout the study, a decreasing trend in species diversity was observed. Wild boar rooting notably impacted the composition of epigeic assemblages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Comparison of Methods for Estimating Damage by Wild Ungulates on Field Crops

Author

Drimaj, Jakub, Skoták, Vlastimil, Kamler, Jiří, Plhal, Radim, Adamec, Zdeněk, Mikulka, Ondřej, Janata, Přemysl, Drimaj, Jakub, Skoták, Vlastimil, Kamler, Jiří, Plhal, Radim, Adamec, Zdeněk, Mikulka, Ondřej, and Janata, Přemysl

Abstract

High numbers of large ungulates are locally accompanied by high levels of damage to field crops, causing economic losses and increased costs for the protection of agricultural fields. Quantifying the levels of damage can be problematic, with the degree of accuracy depending on the method used. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, workload and cost of four methods commonly used for estimating damage to wheat fields caused by large ungulates (esp. wild boar) in the Czech Republic. The results suggest that the manual processing of aerial photographs ("Uncrewed Aerial Systems [UAS] with Operator Delineation Method") was very laborious and the least accurate method, with a high risk of error. In comparison, the automatic evaluation of aerial images ("UAS Crop Height Method") and the "Ground-Based Assessment" both provided similar results when carefully analyzed and were equally demanding. The "Yield Method", comparing the net yield from damaged and undamaged areas, provided the same result of assessment and was the least laborious, although it does require the existence of comparable areas and for the conditions to be created in advance before the method is used. Equivalent results were achieved by the UAS Crop Height Method, which we recommend using in cases where the Yield Method cannot be applied., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Published
2023

12. Influence of recreational activities on the distribution of forest wild boar rooting

Author

Drimaj, Jakub, Balková, Marie, Špoula, Jakub, Kamler, Jiří, Mikulka, Ondřej, Plhal, Radim, Homolka, Miloslav, Drimaj, Jakub, Balková, Marie, Špoula, Jakub, Kamler, Jiří, Mikulka, Ondřej, Plhal, Radim, and Homolka, Miloslav

Abstract

The wild boar is a widely distributed and locally very numerous animal. The same is true in the conditions of Central Europe. Outside the growing season, it concentrates in forests, where it also actively searches for food sources. During this activity, it disturbs the soil surface, thereby significantly affecting the dynamics of the ecosystem. From an economic point of view, it limits the natural renewal of tree species, but from an ecological point of view, it changes habitat conditions and thus helps to increase biodiversity. Factors influencing the distribution of rooting across forest stands may be different. In this paper, we focused on the human factor and its influence on the rooting activity of wild boar in the Hodonínská Dúbrava, National natural monuments.

Published
2023

13. Traditional coppice managements at the landscape level along with recreational use

Author

Uherková, Barbora, Kadavý, Jan, Adamec, Zdeněk, Friedl, Michal, Kučera, Aleš, Knott, Robert, Kneifl, Michal, Drimaj, Jakub, Uherková, Barbora, Kadavý, Jan, Adamec, Zdeněk, Friedl, Michal, Kučera, Aleš, Knott, Robert, Kneifl, Michal, and Drimaj, Jakub

Abstract

Our current goals in forestry involve safeguarding the land and environment, optimizing the forest's ability to absorb CO2, maintaining the health and integrity of forest ecosystems, and preserving biodiversity and landscape variety. Ensuring the long-term productivity, socio-economic viability, and environmental functions of European forests and woodlands, including coppice woodlands, is crucial. Addressing these challenges can be effectively achieved by utilizing a combination of various management methods. The main focus of this study is on traditional forms of management such as coppicing, grazing, and litter raking. To facilitate this research, designated plots were established within the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny. These plots, where sheep grazing and litter raking have been implemented since 2018, are exceptional and provide exemplary illustrations of diverse coppice management practices in Central European coppices.

Published
2023

22. The Influence of Forestry Management on the Selection of a Non-Vegetative Diet by the Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber L.)

Author

Mikulka, Ondřej, Pyszko, Petr, Skoták, Vlastimil, Kamler, Jiří, Drimaj, Jakub, Plhal, Radim, Homolka, Miloslav, Mikulka, Ondřej, Pyszko, Petr, Skoták, Vlastimil, Kamler, Jiří, Drimaj, Jakub, Plhal, Radim, and Homolka, Miloslav

Abstract

Native ecosystems have been transformed by humans into cultural landscapes, resulting in the disruption of natural interactions, with some species unable to adapt and disappearing from such landscapes. Other species were able to adapt their behavior to current environmental conditions. In some places, forest management has gradually transformed native diversified forests into stands converted for the greatest profit in the wood matter, thereby affecting the food availability for herbivores, among them the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758). This study summarizes knowledge on non-vegetation diet selection by beavers in commercial and natural forests in the Czech Republic. A sample size of 25,723 woody plant specimens checked in 288 forest stands showed that beavers prefer willow, poplar, or hazel, but where these are less available, commercial tree species such as oak may dominate the diet and cause economic losses in forestry. Significant differences were also observed in a preference for different trunk diameters and distances from water in different types of stands. In terms of stand types, commercial monocultures are the most felled, while the probability of felling decreases with the age of stands. Based on these results and discussion, it is suggested that commercial forest stands including economically valuable woody plant species (e.g., oak, ash) could be protected through appropriate management measures, such as increasing the proportion of deciduous softwood stands along the riverbanks, which would distract the beavers from commercial woody plant species., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Published
2022

23. Feeding Behaviour of Eurasian Beavers (Castor fiber) Along Small Streams in an Agricultural Landscape

Author

Mikulka, Ondřej, Homolka, Miloslav, Drimaj, Jakub, Kamler, Jiří, Mikulka, Ondřej, Homolka, Miloslav, Drimaj, Jakub, and Kamler, Jiří

Abstract

In areas with high population density, the Eurasian beaver may be forced to utilise sparsely forested landscapes where living conditions may not be optimal for the species. Here, we examine the feeding strategy of Eurasian beavers along a number of small (mainly) forested streams in the Czech agricultural landscape. Diet availability in these sparsely forested landscapes is characterised by a lack of woody plants but a large supply of herbaceous vegetation, including agricultural crops grown close to the watercourse. The beaver has adapted to such conditions by building dams on low-water streams, allowing it to move between scattered diet resources. In winter, the main dietary component was woody plants (70% V), with species normally neglected in optimal sites (e.g. Acer negundo, Prunus spp.) taken in the absence of more favoured species (e.g. Salix spp., Populus spp.), the remaining 30%V consisting of herbaceous vegetation. In summer, however, the main component in the diet was herbaceous vegetation (90% F), which included agricultural crops (56% V). Where there were not enough trees, the beaver tended to leave its summer territory and move to stretches with denser tree stands. Thus, beavers in sparsely forested agricultural landscapes have adapted by utilising the diverse supply of herbaceous vegetation, though its continued presence in the landscape is still primarily dependent on sufficient stocks of woody plants, which the beaver needs to survive winter., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Published
2022

25. Reproductive characteristics of wild boar males (Sus scrofa) under different environmental conditions

Author

Drimaj, Jakub, Kamler, Jiří, Hošek, Martin, Zeman, Jaroslav, Plhal, Radim, Mikulka, Ondřej, Kudláček, Tomáš, Drimaj, Jakub, Kamler, Jiří, Hošek, Martin, Zeman, Jaroslav, Plhal, Radim, Mikulka, Ondřej, and Kudláček, Tomáš

Abstract

The wild boar population has been on a permanent increase over the last decades, causing conflicts with the requirements of modern human society. Existing effort to stabilize wild boar numbers generally fails with one of the causes being the high reproductive potential of wild boar. The aim of this study was to assess the onset of sexual maturity in wild boar males with regard to age, physical frame and environmental conditions on the basis of testicle development and sperm production. This study assessed the dimensions of gonads and the occurrence of sperm in boars caught during common hunts. Environmental conditions were found as an important factor for growth and sexual maturity of wild boar males. The body weight was a more important factor for sperm production than the age of young wild boar males. The weight threshold for sperm production in the testes was 29 kg of live weight, which corresponds to 6 months of age on average. This study has proven that environmental conditions are a significant factor affecting the physical development of male wild boars, more specifically the growth rate of their body frames and the onset of sexual maturity. In a better quality environment boars grow faster and enter puberty at an earlier age. Poor food supply and/or high hunting pressure result in slower body and testicular growth, as well as the production of sperm at a later age (approx. 2-3 months later)., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Published
2019

26. VLIV REKREAČNÍCH AKTIVIT NA DISTRIBUCI A CHOVÁNÍ SRNCE OBECNÉHO A PRASETE DIVOKÉHO V PŘÍMĚSTSKÝCH LESÍCH.

Author

Drimaj, Jakub, Kamler, Jiří, Mikulka, Ondřej, Homolka, Miloslav, and Plhal, Radim

Subjects
ROE deer, ANIMAL populations, TRAILS, WILD boar, TOURISM impact, UNGULATES
Abstract

In this study we analyse the effects of the cycle and hiking trails on the abundance, spatial activity and behaviour of roe deer and wild boar. We found low effect of disturbance on the presence and density of roe deer and wild boar population. The density of ungulates was more affected by the development of shrub layer than by human activities. In areas with low intensity of disturbance, density of roe deer beds was lower than in heavily disturbed areas. The identical course of activity in the areas indicates that the roe deer is under significant pressure from the disturbance both in the disturbed and undisturbed area. As expected, the human impact on the wild boar was greatest in one of the heavily disturbed area, but at the same time this species used the most heavily disturbed area the most. In both types of areas, the wild boar maintained strictly nocturnal activity, which demonstrates the significant effect of human interference in both disturbed and undisturbed areas. Forests in the vicinity of municipalities and in the areas attractive for tourists are important with respect to their recreational function. The characteristic feature of these suburban forests is the high intensity of recreational use, which is manifested by year-round use, a high attendance in the forest area, human activity performed even at night, and the concurrence of several recreational activities at once. In addition, the visitor loads may also affect disturbance-sensitive animal populations. The impacts of tourism on animals will differ significantly for individual species, especially depending on their tolerance to disturbance, ability to hidden life, possibility of switch to a nocturnal lifestyle etc. The absence or lower intensity of hunting pressure, which is very problematic or even impossible in human-used forests, will also have some relevance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the presence of cycle and hiking trails on the abundance, spatial activity and behaviour of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). We tested the following hypotheses: 1. The high intensity of tourist activities will have a negative impact on the density of large animals. 2. The distribution of roe deer will be uneven in suburban forests, the animals will stay in an area with a lower intensity of disturbing factors and their activity will be exclusively nocturnal. In the suburban forests near Brno (South Moravia), four areas with different intensity of human disturbance and the presence of cycle trails were distinguished (Fig. 1; Tab. 1). Monitoring of residence signs was carried out on transects (5m wide) that evenly covered all four areas. In two selected areas, animals were monitored through 14 camera traps (7 camera traps in each area). Density of studied species in the areas was estimated by the Random Encounter Model method. The numbers of roe deer and wild boar were significantly higher in disturbed area with trail than in the peaceful area. At the same time, there was a well-developed shrub layer in the disturbed area, which was almost absent in the peaceful area (Tab. 2). The intensity of the disturbance affected the behaviour of the roe deer, which was reflected in the ratio between the number of marking places and the number of beds. In peaceful areas, roe deer formed more beds than in disturbed areas. The daily rhythm of the roe deer activity was the same in the disturbed and peaceful area. Activity in both areas was concentrated until dawn and dusk (Fig. 2). This two-peak activity is not typical for roe deer. The identical course of activity in our localities indicates that the roe deer is under significant pressure in the disturbed and peaceful areas. No significant difference was found between the daily activity of the wild boar in the disturbed area and in the peaceful area (Fig. 3). In both types of areas, the wild boar maintained strictly nocturnal activity, which demonstrates the significant effect of human interference in both disturbed and peaceful areas. The recorded density of these species in selected areas was higher than in other European countries (Tab. 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

30. STABILIZACE POČETNOSTI PRASETE DIVOKÉHO: REPRODUKČNÍ POTENCIÁL SOUČASNÝCH PRASAT VS. LOVECKÝ POTENCIÁL SOUČASNÝCH MYSLIVCŮ – REVIEW.

Author

Kamler, Jiří and Drimaj, Jakub

Subjects
ANIMAL diversity, WILD boar, ANIMAL communities, ADULTS, TRAFFIC accidents, PLANT diversity
Abstract

The review summarizes available knowledge of management of populations of free-living wild boar with the focus on Central Europe. The wild boar is actually a key species that significantly influences the economy of farming, causes traffic accidents on the roads and other damage, and negatively affects the diversity of plant and animal communities. Therefore, regulation of its numbers is necessary. However, effort to reduce the current populations of wild boar is affected by the favourable environmental conditions, which do not limit population growth. In the Central Europe, wild boar finds enough food throughout the whole year. It can be expected that majority of adult females and significant part of young females will be involved in the reproductive process. Although there are several potential methods for regulation, in reality only shooting by hunters can be effectively used in the conditions of Central Europe. Their activity and hunting strategy significantly affect both the success in regulating the number of wild boar and its distribution, behaviour and reproduction. The importance, impacts and consequent responsibility of hunters in management of wild boar populations are thus significantly greater than simply maintaining the abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

34. The impact of seed predation and browsing on natural sessile oak regeneration under different light conditions in an over-aged coppice stand.

Author

Kamler, Jirí, Dobrovolný, Lumír, Drimaj, Jakub, Kadavý, Jan, Kneifl, Michal, Adamec, Zdenek, Knott, Robert, Martiník, Antonín, Plhal, Radim, Zeman, Jaroslav, and Hrbek, Jan

Subjects
COPPICE forests, DURMAST oak, REGENERATION (Botany), PREDATION, EFFECT of light on plants
Abstract

Sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) is one of the most important commercial species cultivated at low altitudes in the Czech Republic, and over-aged coppices are a significant part of oak stands in the region. In order to secure a high-valuable timber production (e.g., through conversion of such stands into coppices-with-standards), knowledge of the potential and limits of generative regeneration is essential. This study was conducted in three oak-dominated over-aged coppice stands in different stages of conversion into coppices-with-standards and characterized by different basal area (BA, from 9.3 to 14.1 m² ha-1) and relative diffuse radiation (ISF, from 12.1 to 35.5%). The study stands were compared with respect to seed predation following acorn fall and oak regeneration parameters. At the time of their fall the acorns represented a sought-after source of food for large mammals (particularly wild boar). At the end of acorn fall, 13-67% acorns were lost due to animal predation. A control evaluation conducted the following spring revealed a decrease of 92-97% in fallen acorns. Despite the major animal impact, a high reserve of acorns and saplings remained in the stands (4 600-29 000 acorns and 66 000-310 000 saplings per ha). With increasing light intensity the oak regeneration density decreased, while the height and age variability of oak regeneration increased. Although saplings were capable of surviving several years under unfavorable light conditions (even below 12% ISF), they require a minimum of 20% ISF (i.e., BA < 16 m² ha-1) to achieve sustainable height increment. Based on our results, for conversion of such stands into coppices-with-standards we recommend a maximum of 200 reserved trees (BA = 16 m² ha-1) to achieve successful height growth of the understorey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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