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—Zika Virus Disease (ZVD) is an emerging disease in India. Symptoms are generally mild but it's infection during pregnancy can cause other congenital malformations in infants. Because of its complications in pregnancy it becomes of public health importance. There was an epidemic in Jaipur in year 2018. This study was conducted to describe the epidemiologic curve and effects containment measures initiated by department of health to control it. Public health response initiated within three kilometer radius area from index case in the form of tracing & isolation of positive cases, tracking of fever cases & pregnant females in affected area. Vector control measures were taken and effect of control measures were assessed by difference in entomlogical indexes like Breateau Index (BI) and House index (HI). Total 159 Zika positive cases detected in 38 days, out of that 6 were from routine surveillance and 153 were from active surveillance. No mortality was reported. Timely containment measures were taken. Effect of these containment measures were significant (p

— Scrub Typhus is a public health importance because of its complication. It is prevalent in many parts of India. So this record base study was conducted to find out burden of scrub typhus in a tertiary level hospital in year 2018 with special reference to its seasonal trend. Total 106 cases of Scrub Typhus came in year 2018 with maximum cases (34 i.e. 32.08%) in September followed by August, December, November, October, April, January, march, may, February, June and July. In February, June and July fortunately none of case was there. In Seasonal trend peak was with 63 (59.43%) cases in August and September i.e. in Monsoon season. &nbsp

— Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) is very important programe in controlling the diseases commonly found in the area. Symptomatic (S Form), Presumptive (P Form) and Laboratory Confirmed (L Form) type of reporting is there under IDSP. Present study is to assess the status and quality of 'P' form reports of year 2016 in Jaipur district. For this study 2 District hospital, 4 CHCs and 8 PHCs were selected randomly as reporting units. Every ’P’ report under Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) for all the 52 weeks of the year 2016 from each selected study unit were included in the study. These reports were assessed in percentage of expected reports sent. Quality of reports were assessed in terms of completeness, timeliness and regularity. Present study found that overall 'P' reports of IDSP reports sent were 85.03% of 'P' reports expected to sent. Significantly less 'P' reports were sent by DH i.e. 47.12% of expected to send whereas CHC sent maximum i.e.92.31%. This study also found that overall 93.21% of 'P' reports were complete, 76.98% of 'P' reports were sent on time and all were regular. PHC sent maximum (95.21%) complete reports followed by at CHC (90.63%) and at DH (83.67%). 'P' reports were sent on time by DH, CHCs and PHCs in 83.67%, 80.73% and 76.98% respectively without significant variation. All the 'P' reports sent from every sampling unite was regular.

—Dengue virus infection has emerged as a notable public health problem in recent decades in spite of having a national programme to control it. This study was conducted on records of dengue cases admitted in department of Medicine, SMS Hospital Jaipur (Rajasthan) in year 2018. Seasonal variation was observed in these cases. Maximum (75.4%) of these cases admitted in September to November with peak in October. Few cases admitted in and around that period, so it can be concluded with this study that Dengue cases spurge in post-monsoon period. Occurrence of most of the cases in post-monsoon period indicates a need for acceleration of vector control programme prior to monsoon.

— There is controversy regarding betterment of cesarean section or vaginal delivery as per neonatal outcomes. So this study was conducted on 100 cesarean section and 100 vaginal delivery to compare the neonatal outcomes in cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Chi-square test and unpaired 't' tests were used to find out difference in proportion and means respectively. The present study revealed that there was no significant difference in neonatal outcomes in CS group and VD group in outcome of delivery, baby weight, and Apgar score after five minutes of delivery. Proportion of cases with reparatory distress were also without significant difference (p>0.05). Only significant (p

— Adolescence is long-standing behavioral difficulties which may results in mental health problem. Adolescence are school going and knowledge of school teachers have important impact on these adolescents. So this present study was aimed to find out the factors affecting on knowledge of school teachers regarding adolescent behavioral problems. This study observed that a majority of the respondents (83%) had good level of knowledge on adolescent behavioral problems. It was also observed that although sex of teacher was not found to associated with this knowledge but this knowledge of school teachers was found to associated with age of school teacher, experience of service and status of in service trainings. It was found that knowledge of the school teachers regarding adolescent behavioral problems increases with increase age. It was also found that knowledge regarding adolescent behavioral problems was observed in school teachers who have 6-10 years of service and in those who had received in service trainings than their counterparts.

— Keratoconus (KC) is a common ectasia of the cornea. Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) is one of the modality to treat Keratoconus (KC). So this study was conducted to find out the clinical outcomes of DALK in patients with Keratoconus. For this study 33 eyes of patients with Keratoconus were operative and followed for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months to find out the clinical outcomes of DALK on various visual parameters. It was found that Best corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) preoperative and postoperative at 3months, 6 months, 9 months and 12months were -1.106±0.160, -0.91±0.153, -0.725±0.107, -0.631±0.172 and -0.495±0.127 respectively, which is statistically significant (p value ≤0.001). Mean Refractive Spherical Equivalent (MRSE) preoperative and postoperative at 3, 6, 9 and 12months were -7.609±1.860, -6.109±1.287, -5.156±1.110, -4.390±0.858 and -3.812±0.790 respectively, which is also significantly improving. Epithelial Cell Density (ECD) preoperative and postoperative at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 2159.625±85.757, 2103.218±70.393, 2065.250±77.051, 2044.250±93.637 and1998.718±11.999 respectively. It is also statistically significant. Average Keratometry preoperative and postoperative at 3, 6, 9 and 12months were 59.000±1.722, 56.578±1.492, 55.734±1.156, 54.687±1.068 and 50.187±10.314 respectively, which is also significantly decreasing. Topographic Astigmatism preoperative and postoperative at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month’s were3.968±1.046, 3.109±0.737, 2.765±0.729, 2.359±0.650 and 2.015±0.677 respectively. It is also statistically decreasing. Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) preoperative and postoperative at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 370.625±24.205, 502.500±9.993, 498.00±14.170, 496.562±15.576 and 492.843±14.438 respectively. CCT is also significantly improving. This concludes that outcomes of big bubble DALK in patients with KC was very effective and DALK should represent the technique of choice for surgical rehabilitation of patients with moderate to advanced KC intolerant to contact lenses.

— Adolescence is described as a normal phase of increased conflict. In adolescents, long-standing behavioral difficulties represent a more extended mentalhealth problem. Many studies have revealed the extent of the this problem, since the burden of mental health problems is maximum in young adults, the most productive section of the population, the early detection and treatment is the only solution. The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge of high school teachers on adolescent behavioral problems. In view of the nature of the problem under study and to accomplish the objectives of the study, descriptive survey approach was found to be appropriate to describe the knowledge of high school teachers regarding adolescent behavioral problems. This study observed that a majority of the respondents (83%) had good level of knowledge on adolescent behavioral problems.

— Under five mortality if found more in children having any of risk factor. So this community based cross sectional prevalence study was conducted on 400 under vive children to find out the prevalence of 'At Risk' under five children in field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre Nayla (Rajasthan) India. It was observed from this present study that 61.25% under five children were found 'At Risk' in study children of filed practice area of Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) Nayla, district Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. Among total 'At Risk' under-five children, maximum number of 'At Risk' children were from Rahori village i.e. 22.86%, followed by from Papad (21.63%), Nayla village (19.59%), Dodya Dungar (18.76%) and Raniyawas (17.14%). It shows that there is not much area wise difference in proportion of 'At Risk' under five children.

— Schizophrenia is a neuro endocrinal diseases purticularly in volving Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, which has been widely researched in schizophrenia. Over activation of this axis is known to cause altered blood levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Present study was conducted with the objective to compare serum levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in schizophrenia patients and healthy control. A cross sectional case control observational study was conducted including 40 patients with first-episode schizophrenia along with 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed as Schizophrenia according to ICD-10. Serum cortisol and DHEA-S were assessed in both groups. It was observed in this study that mean Serum level of DHEA-S was significantly (p< 0.001) higher in the Schizophrenia group (4320 ± 1120 µg/dL) as compared to control group (2760 ± 825 µg/dL), while cortisol level did not differ significantly between the two groups. It can be concluded from this study that the first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenic patients showed a significantly higher blood level of DHEA-S compared with healthy controls indicating role of DHEA-S in patho-physiology of schizophrenia.

— Hygiene practices are very important, poor hygiene results into various communicable diseases. These hygiene practices can have cultivated in Childhood. School children are particularly vulnerable to neglect the basic personal hygiene. So this study was conducted on 1385 school children to assess the status of knowledge and practices of their hygiene with the source of their knowledge. This study was conducted on 1385 students of 6 selected schools of Jaipur city. It was observed that it was observed that 98.4% had knowledge about body and clothes hygiene, 95.2% had knowledge about teeth brushing, 92.5% had knowledge about regular clothes washing, 89.2% had knowledge about soap use in personal hygiene, 50.3% had knowledge about use of toilet paper, 78.8% had knowledge about use of nail cutter and 37.1% knowledge about sanitary pad. And 97.3% practice for bath & brush teeth every day, 95.1% practiced for hand wash before meal, 74.3% practiced for hand wash before cooking, 66.6% practiced for hand wash after cooking, 90.2% practiced for hand wash after using toilet, 87.8% practiced for hand wash after handling garbage, 75.7% practiced for hand wash after handling animal, 73.6% practiced for cutting nails in < 7 days, 80.8% take hair cut out in < 1 month, 70.1% use soap as hygiene product, 42.7% use facial tissue as hygiene product and 50.1% use cotton swab as hygiene product.

Regular practice of yoga promotes strength, endurance, flexibility and facilitates characteristics of friendliness, compassion & self-control. So this study was conducted to find out the effect of yoga on anxiety. This study was conducted on 200 anxiety cases having age range of 18 to 55 years. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to measure the anxiety. These cases were divide into two group randomly i.e. study group and control group. Study group was given certain set of yogic exercise. Both the groups were followed and results were compared where independent variables yoga and dependent variable Anxiety was used. Chi-square, independent t test, was used for data analysis. It was observed that Anxiety was significantly decreased after the yogic intervention(P=0.042S). So it can be concluded that yoga can reduce perceived stress improve well-beingeven more significantly so its recommend to do yoga regularly.

Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent throughout the world. Pregnant women, neonates and infants form most vulnerable groups for vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis vitamin D in pregnancy has been reported to cause various fetomaternal effect. So this study was conducted to find out proportion of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and to assess the effects and its associating factors. For this purpose 120 Pregnant women on their first visit to hospital irrespective of gestational age were taken. Apart from routine obstetrical investigation, serum vitamin D (total) level was estimated. All results were recorded and analyzed statically. It was observed that 84.1% were found to be vitamin D deficient. Mean age of vitamin D deficient group and non deficient group were 28.31±3.86 and 26.37±2.83 years respectively. Religion and parity of women was not found to be associated with vitamin D deficiency whereas age, type of diet and use of sunscreen was found to be associated. Vitamin D deficiency was found significantly more in elderly, vegetarians and users of sunscreen than their counterparts. Regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes, development of preeclampsia, LSCS as mode of delivery, delivery of pre term and LBW babies were having controversial findings. So it suggest much more researches in this regards.

Melasma is a very common skin disorders which has no fix treatment schedule and is very difficult to treat. This present study was planned to compare the effect of traditional treatment alone and in combination with Root Heal Therapy on Melasma cases. A Quincy experiment was conducted on 60 patients of Melasma, who were taking treatment from a same physician working in Charak Bhawan, a hospital attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan). Out of these 67 melasma cases were completed the protocall, out of that 35 were in group who has received traditional treatment, 32 were in group who has received RHT along with traditional treatment. Baseline status of Melasma with its Severity its impact on quality of life was assessed. Severity of Melasma was assessed through MASI scores and quality of life was assessed by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores. These cases were followed for 6 months; again they were assessed as per MASI. Changes in over this period Melasma severity in both the groups were compared with Chi-square test and Unpaired’t’ test. It was found that significantly more cases were benefited with this RHT in the form of number of severity of Melasma and quality of life was also significantly improved with RHT. Further researches are required for further details.

— Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is due to failure to initiate and sustain breathing immediately after delivery which may leads to increase mortality and morbidity in these neonates. This may cause severe and permanent neuropsychological sequelae, including mental retardation, visual motor or visual perceptive dysfunction, increased hyperactivity, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. The brain damage may occur due to release of free radicals in HIE. So this case control study was conducted on 50 neonates with HIE and 25 healthy neonates with the aim to compare the status of oxidants and antioxidants in these both groups. It was observed that Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was found with significantly increased in study group than control group i.e. 12.26±4.1 nmol/ml in study and 2.10±0.10 nmol/ml in control group. Among antioxidants, Catalase (30.42± 7.7 v/s 14.59± 4.7) and SOD (2.59± 0.4 v/s 1.54± 0.3) were found significantly increased whereas Vit E (1.36± 0.3 v/s 2.73± 0.6) was found significantly decreased in neonates with HIE than controls.

— Adolescence constitutes about 20 % of world’s population. Reproductive and sexual health problems are quite common in adolescent girls in India. Bad menstruation hygiene may lead to reproductive health problems. Unsafe menstrual practices expose them to risk thrice as much of contracting RTI, therefore it is important how adolescent girls maintain hygiene during menstruation. This study was conducted to assess knowledge and practices regarding menstruation in adolescent girls. Total 376 eligible adolescent girls were studied, out of that 337 (89.62%) knew about menstruation and out of them 45.10% considered that menstruation starts at puberty, followed by physiological process (34.42%) & sign of reproductive maturity (12.46%) while 39.76% respondents thought it to be due to out flow of dirty blood. Out of 337 who knew about menstrual-cycle, only13.64% knew the fact that conception is not possible during menstrual-cycle. 59.94% respondents had prior knowledge of menarche and majority (51.54%) had this knowledge from their mothers. Out of 325 girls, who were having menstrual period, although 214 (65.84%) were using sanitary napkins but remaining 34.16% were using cloths. When association of this practice with education was evaluated it was found that above primary educated were significantly more (P< 0.001) in using sanitary napkins than girls of up to primary educated (69.47% v/s 40%). When change of material used during menstruation was asked, twice and more was answered in 194 (59.06 %), which was mot found to be associated with education (p=0.65). It was concluded that majority knew about menstruation but practice was not hygienic as they were using cloths and majority of them were less educated. So main emphasis should be given to female education.