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2. 'Contractually Valid' Forum Selection Clauses.

Author

Coyle, John F.

Subjects
Conflict of laws -- Evaluation -- Research, Third parties (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Subject matter jurisdiction -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Commercial arbitration -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Fraud -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Negotiation, mediation and arbitration -- Research, Breach of contract -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Negotiation, mediation and arbitration -- Research, Public policy (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Forum shopping -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Waiver (Civil procedure) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Building -- Contracts, Atlantic Marine Construction Co. v. District Court (134 S. Ct. 568 (2013)), Government regulation, Judicial Code (28 U.S.C. 1404(a))
Abstract

ABSTRACT: In Atlantic Marine Construction Company v. United States District Court, the Supreme Court held that a "contractually valid" forum selection clause should be enforced by federal courts absent extraordinary [...]

Published
2022

3. FORUM SELECTION CLAUSES, NON-SIGNATORIES, AND PERSONAL JURISDICTION.

Author

Coyle, John F. and Effron, Robin J.

Subjects
Estoppel -- Laws, regulations and rules, Third parties (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Consent (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Foreseeability (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Forum shopping -- Laws, regulations and rules, Personal jurisdiction -- Laws, regulations and rules, Agency (Law) -- Analysis, Due process of law -- Analysis, Contracts -- Laws, regulations and rules, AAMCO Transmissions, Inc. v. Romano (42 F. Supp. 3d 700 (E.D. Pa. 2014)), Government regulation
Abstract

INTRODUCTION 189 I. THE PROBLEM OF NON-SIGNATORIES 194 A. Agency and Contract Law 194 1. Traditional Doctrines 194 2. Equitable Estoppel 195 3. Third-Party Beneficiaries 197 B. The Closely-Related-and-Foreseeable Test [...], Who is bound by a forum selection clause? At first glance, the answer to this question may seem obvious. It is black letter law that a person cannot be bound to an agreement without her consent. In recent years, however, courts have not followed this rule with respect to forum selection clauses. Instead, they routinely enforce these clauses against individuals who never signed the contract containing the clause. Courts justify this practice on the grounds that it promotes litigation efficiency by bringing all of the litigants together in the chosen forum. There are, however, problems with enforcing forum selection clauses against non-signatories. First, there is the unfairness of binding a litigant to a contract without her consent. Second, there is the danger that relying on a forum selection clause to assert personal jurisdiction over a non-signatory may be inconsistent with due process. This Article critiques the rules that determine whether a non-signatory is bound by a forum selection clause. It first documents the emergence of a new doctrine--the closely-related-and-foreseeable test--that the courts have created to facilitate this practice. It then argues that the test serves as a portal to a parallel due process universe in which casual contacts and breezy assertions of foreseeability can connect a defendant to a forum selection clause in a way that would be, at best, highly scrutinized were they construed as potential minimum contacts with the forum. In a world of ever-tightening personal jurisdiction standards, courts have created a bubble of nearly unlimited jurisdiction for parties in close proximity to forum selection clauses. To address this problem, the Article proposes reforms that would provide more robust protections to non-signatory defendants and, as importantly, impose a degree of order on an increasingly fractured due process landscape.

Published
2021

4. Argylle flops with $18-million for Apple's big-budget film

Author

Coyle, John

Subjects
Argylle (Motion picture) -- Market share, Video production companies -- Marketing, Company marketing practices, Company market share, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: JAKE COYLE; ASSOCIATED PRESS NEW YORK -- Apple has had its first boxoffice flop. Argylle, the US$200-million star-studded spy thriller from Apple Studios, debuted with US$18-million in ticket sales, [...]

Published
2024

5. Development of imaging-based risk scores for prediction of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients taking antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies

Author

Harkness, Kirsty, Shaw, Louise, Sword, Jane, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Sharma, Pankaj, Kelly, Deborah, Harrington, Frances, Randall, Marc, Smith, Matthew, Mahawish, Karim, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, Esisi, Bernard, Cullen, Claire, Nallasivam, Arumug, Price, Christopher, Barry, Adrian, Roffe, Christine, Coyle, John, Hassan, Ahamad, Birns, Jonathan, Cohen, David, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Parry, Anthea, Hargroves, David, Proschel, Harald, Datta, Prabel, Darawil, Khaled, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Burn, Mathew, Patterson, Chris, Giallombardo, Elio, Smyth, Nigel, Mansoor, Syed, Anwar, Ijaz, Marsh, Rachel, Ispoglou, Sissi, Chadha, Dinesh, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, O'Connell, Janice, Scott, Jon, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Aghoram, Prasanna, McCormick, Michael, Sprigg, Nikola, O'Mahony, Paul, Cooper, Martin, Choy, Lillian, Wilkinson, Peter, Leach, Simon, Caine, Sarah, Burger, Ilse, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, Guyler, Paul, Emsley, Hedley, Davis, Michelle, Manawadu, Dulka, Pasco, Kath, Mamun, Maam, Luder, Robert, Sajid, Mahmud, Okwera, James, Warburton, Elizabeth, Saastamoinen, Kari, England, Timothy, Putterill, Janet, Flossman, Enrico, Power, Michael, Dani, Krishna, Mangion, David, Suman, Appu, Corrigan, John, Lawrence, Enas, Vahidassr, Djamil, Shakeshaft, Clare, Brown, Martin, Charidimou, Andreas, Cohen, Hannah, Banerjee, Gargi, Houlden, Henry, White, Mark, Yousry, Tarek, Flossmann, Enrico, Muir, Keith, Gratz, Pascal, Mattle, Heinrich, Panos, Leonidas, Korczyn, Amos, Kliper, Efrat, Maeder, Philippe, Gass, Achim, Pachai, Chahin, Bracoub, Luc, Douste-Blazy, Marie-Yvonne, Fratacci, Marie Dominique, Vicaut, Eric, Sato, Shoichiro, Miwa, Kaori, Fujita, Kyohei, Ide, Toshihiro, Ma, Henry, Ly, John, Singhal, Shaloo, Chandra, Ronil, Slater, Lee-Anne, Soufan, Cathy, Moran, Christopher, Traenka, Christopher, Thilemann, Sebastian, Fladt, Joachim, Gensicke, Henrik, Bonati, Leo, Kim, Beom Joon, Han, Moon-Ku, Kang, Jihoon, Ko, Eunbin, Yang, Mi Hwa, Jang, Myung Suk, Murphy, Sean, Carty, Fiona, Akijian, Layan, Thornton, John, Schembri, Mark, Douven, Elles, Delgado-Mederos, Raquel, Marín, Rebeca, Camps-Renom, Pol, Guisado-Alonso, Daniel, Nuñez, Fidel, Medrano-Martorell, Santiago, Merino, Elisa, Iida, Kotaro, Ikeda, Syuhei, Irie, Hiroyuki, Demirelli, Derya Selcuk, Medanta, Jayesh Modi, Zerna, Charlotte, Hernández, Maria Valdés, Armitage, Paul, Heye, Anna, Muñoz-Maniega, Susana, Sakka, Eleni, Thrippleton, Michael, Dennis, Martin, Beigneux, Ysoline, Silva, Mauro, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Ho, Shu Leung, Cheung, Raymond Tak Fai, Chan, Koon Ho, Teo, Kay Cheong, Hui, Edward, Kwan, Joseph Shiu Kwong, Chang, Richard, Tse, Man Yu, Hoi, Chu Peng, Chan, Chung Yan, Chan, Oi Ling, Cheung, Ryan Hoi Kit, Wong, Edmund Ka Ming, Leung, Kam Tat, Tsang, Suk Fung, Ip, Hing Lung, Ma, Sze Ho, Ma, Karen, Fong, Wing Chi, Li, Siu Hung, Li, Richard, Ng, Ping Wing, Wong, Kwok Kui, Liu, Wenyan, Wong, Lawrence, Ramos, Lino, De Schryver, Els, Jöbsis, Joost, van der Sande, Jaap, Brouwers, Paul, Roos, Yvo, Stam, Jan, Bakker, Stef, Verbiest, Henk, Schoonewille, Wouter, Linn, Cisca, Hertzberger, Leopold, van Gemert, Maarten, Berntsen, Paul, Van Dam-Nolen, Dianne, Kooi, M Eline, Van der Lugt, Aad, Koudstaal, Peter, Leff, Alexander, Ward, Nicholas, Nachev, Parashkev, Perry, Richard, Ozkan, Hatice, Mitchell, John, Best, Jonathan G, Ambler, Gareth, Wilson, Duncan, Lee, Keon-Joo, Lim, Jae-Sung, Shiozawa, Masayuki, Koga, Masatoshi, Li, Linxin, Lovelock, Caroline, Chabriat, Hugues, Hennerici, Michael, Wong, Yuen Kwun, Mak, Henry Ka Fung, Prats-Sanchez, Luis, Martínez-Domeño, Alejandro, Inamura, Shigeru, Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa, Arsava, Ethem Murat, Horstmann, Solveig, Purrucker, Jan, Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, Wong, Adrian, Kim, Young Dae, Song, Tae-Jin, Lemmens, Robin, Eppinger, Sebastian, Gattringer, Thomas, Uysal, Ender, Tanriverdi, Zeynep, Bornstein, Natan M, Ben Assayag, Einor, Hallevi, Hen, Molad, Jeremy, Nishihara, Masashi, Tanaka, Jun, Coutts, Shelagh B, Polymeris, Alexandros, Wagner, Benjamin, Seiffge, David J, Lyrer, Philippe, Algra, Ale, Kappelle, L Jaap, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Jäger, Hans R, Lip, Gregory Y H, Fischer, Urs, El-Koussy, Marwan, Mas, Jean-Louis, Legrand, Laurence, Karayiannis, Christopher, Phan, Thanh, Gunkel, Sarah, Christ, Nicolas, Abrigo, Jill, Leung, Thomas, Chu, Winnie, Chappell, Francesca, Makin, Stephen, Hayden, Derek, Williams, David J, Mess, Werner H, Nederkoorn, Paul J, Barbato, Carmen, Browning, Simone, Wiegertjes, Kim, Tuladhar, Anil M, Maaijwee, Noortje, Guevarra, Anne Cristine, Yatawara, Chathuri, Mendyk, Anne-Marie, Delmaire, Christine, Köhler, Sebastian, van Oostenbrugge, Robert, Zhou, Ying, Xu, Chao, Hilal, Saima, Gyanwali, Bibek, Chen, Christopher, Lou, Min, Staals, Julie, Bordet, Régis, Kandiah, Nagaendran, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Simister, Robert, Hendrikse, Jeroen, Kelly, Peter J, Wardlaw, Joanna, Soo, Yannie, Fluri, Felix, Srikanth, Velandai, Calvet, David, Jung, Simon, Kwa, Vincent I H, Engelter, Stefan T, Peters, Nils, Smith, Eric E, Hara, Hideo, Yakushiji, Yusuke, Orken, Dilek Necioglu, Fazekas, Franz, Thijs, Vincent, Heo, Ji Hoe, Mok, Vincent, Veltkamp, Roland, Ay, Hakan, Imaizumi, Toshio, Gomez-Anson, Beatriz, Lau, Kui Kai, Jouvent, Eric, Rothwell, Peter M, Toyoda, Kazunori, Bae, Hee-Joon, Marti-Fabregas, Joan, and Werring, David J

Published
2021
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6. ERIE AND FORUM SELECTION CLAUSES.

Author

Coyle, John F. and Andrew Hessick, F.

Subjects
FORUM selection clause, STATE laws, LAW enforcement, FEDERAL courts, STATE courts, FEDERAL common law
Abstract

Since Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins, the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that federal courts should generally follow state law if not doing so would significantly affect the outcome of the case. This principle suggests that federal courts should apply state law to determine the enforceability of forum selection clauses. Although seemingly mundane, these clauses can make or break a lawsuit. If a clause is enforced, the suit must be filed in a different location. This change in location affects the procedures that will be applied, the substantive law, and the overall cost of litigation. In extreme cases, enforcing a forum selection clause may lead the plaintiff to abandon the case altogether. Although these clauses are critically important, and although they frequently have a major impact on a case, the federal courts do not follow state law to determine whether they should be enforced. Instead, they apply federal common law. In this Article, we illustrate the real-world consequences of this decision. We draw upon a hand-collected dataset of hundreds of state and federal court decisions to show that federal courts sitting in diversity enforce forum selection clauses at a higher rate than state courts in virtually every state and every federal circuit. This divergence presents obvious opportunities for forum shopping between state and federal courts in the same state. And yet the federal courts continue to apply federal law to determine the enforceability of these clauses. The solution to this problem, we argue, is simple. Federal courts should apply state law to determine whether a forum selection clause is enforceable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

8. Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies

Author

Harkness, Kirsty, Shaw, Louise, Sword, Jane, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Sharma, Pankaj, Kelly, Deborah, Harrington, Frances, Randall, Marc, Smith, Matthew, Mahawish, Karim, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, Esisi, Bernard, Cullen, Claire, Nallasivam, Arumug, Price, Christopher, Barry, Adrian, Roffe, Christine, Coyle, John, Hassan, Ahamad, Birns, Jonathan, Cohen, David, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Parry, Anthea, Hargroves, David, Proschel, Harald, Datta, Prabel, Darawil, Khaled, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Burn, Mathew, Patterson, Chris, Giallombardo, Elio, Smyth, Nigel, Mansoor, Syed, Anwar, Ijaz, Marsh, Rachel, Ispoglou, Sissi, Chadha, Dinesh, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, O'Connell, Janice, Scott, Jon, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Aghoram, Prasanna, McCormick, Michael, Sprigg, Nikola, O'Mahony, Paul, Cooper, Martin, Choy, Lillian, Wilkinson, Peter, Leach, Simon, Caine, Sarah, Burger, Ilse, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, Guyler, Paul, Emsley, Hedley, Davis, Michelle, Manawadu, Dulka, Pasco, Kath, Mamun, Maam, Luder, Robert, Sajid, Mahmud, Okwera, James, Warburton, Elizabeth, Saastamoinen, Kari, England, Timothy, Putterill, Janet, Flossman, Enrico, Power, Michael, Dani, Krishna, Mangion, David, Suman, Appu, Corrigan, John, Lawrence, Enas, Vahidassr, Djamil, Shakeshaft, Clare, Brown, Martin, Charidimou, Andreas, Cohen, Hannah, Banerjee, Gargi, Houlden, Henry, White, Mark, Yousry, Tarek, Flossmann, Enrico, Muir, Keith, El-Koussy, Marwan, Gratz, Pascal, Molad, Jeremy, Korczyn, Amos, Kliper, Efrat, Maeder, Philippe, Gass, Achim, Pachai, Chahin, Bracoub, Luc, Douste-Blazy, Marie-Yvonne, Fratacci, Marie Dominique, Vicaut, Eric, Sato, Shoichiro, Miwa, Kaori, Fujita, Kyohei, Ide, Toshihiro, Ma, Henry, Ly, John, Singhal, Shahoo, Chandra, Ronil, Slater, Lee-Anne, Soufan, Cathy, Moran, Christopher, Traenka, Christopher, Thilemann, Sebastian, Fladt, Joachim, Gensicke, Henrik, Bonati, Leo, Kim, Beom Joon, Han, Moon-Ku, Kang, Jihoon, Ko, Eunbin, Yang, Mi Hwa, Jang, Myung Suk, Murphy, Sean, Carty, Fiona, Akijian, Layan, Thornton, John, Schembri, Mark, Douven, Elles, Delgado-Mederos;, Raquel, Marín, Rebeca, Camps-Renom, Pol, Guisado-Alonso, Daniel, Nuñez, Fidel, Medrano-Martorell, Santiago, Merino, Elisa, Iida, Kotaro, Ikeda, Syuhei, Nishihara, Masashi, Irie, Hiroyuki, Demirelli, Derya Selcuk, Medanta, Jayesh Modi, Zerna, Charlotte, Hernández, Maria Valdés, Armitage, Paul, Heye, Anna, Muñoz-Maniega, Susana, Sakka, Eleni, Thrippleton, Michael, Dennis, Martin, Beigneux, Ysoline, Silva, Mauro, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Ho, Shu Leung, Cheung, Raymond Tak Fai, Chan, Koon Ho, Teo, Kay Cheong, Hui, Edward, Kwan, Joseph Shiu Kwong, Chang, Richard, Tse, Man Yu, Hoi, Chu Peng, Chan, Chung Yan, Chan, Oi Ling, Cheung, Ryan Hoi Kit, Wong, Edmund Ka Ming, Leung, Kam Tat, Tsang, Suk Fung, Ip, Hing Lung, Ma, Sze Ho, Ma, Karen, Fong, Wing Chi, Li, Siu Hung, Li, Richard, Ng, Ping Wing, Wong, Kwok Kui, Liu, Wenyan, Wong, Lawrence, Ramos, Lino, De Schryver, Els, Jöbsis, Joost, van der Sande, Jaap, Brouwers, Paul, Roos, Yvo, Stam, Jan, Bakker, Stef, Verbiest, Henk, Schoonewille, Wouter, Linn, Cisca, Hertzberger, Leopold, van Gemert, Maarten, Berntsen, Paul, Hendrikse, Jeroen, Nederkoorn, Paul, Mess, Werner, Koudstaal, Peter, Leff, Alexander, Ward, Nicholas, Nachev, Parashkev, Perry, Richard, Ozkan, Hatice, Mitchell, John, Wilson, Duncan, Ambler, Gareth, Lee, Keon-Joo, Lim, Jae-Sung, Shiozawa, Masayuki, Koga, Masatoshi, Li, Linxin, Lovelock, Caroline, Chabriat, Hugues, Hennerici, Michael, Wong, Yuen Kwun, Mak, Henry Ka Fung, Prats-Sánchez, Luis, Martínez-Domeño, Alejandro, Inamura, Shigeru, Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa, Arsava, Ethem Murat, Horstmann, Solveig, Purrucker, Jan, Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, Wong, Adrian, Kim, Young Dae, Song, Tae-Jin, Schrooten, Maarten, Lemmens, Robin, Eppinger, Sebastian, Gattringer, Thomas, Uysal, Ender, Tanriverdi, Zeynep, Bornstein, Natan M, Assayag, Einor Ben, Hallevi, Hen, Tanaka, Jun, Hara, Hideo, Coutts, Shelagh B, Hert, Lisa, Polymeris, Alexandros, Seiffge, David J, Lyrer, Philippe, Algra, Ale, Kappelle, Jaap, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Jäger, Hans R, Lip, Gregory Y H, Mattle, Heinrich P, Panos, Leonidas D, Mas, Jean-Louis, Legrand, Laurence, Karayiannis, Christopher, Phan, Thanh, Gunkel, Sarah, Christ, Nicolas, Abrigo, Jill, Leung, Thomas, Chu, Winnie, Chappell, Francesca, Makin, Stephen, Hayden, Derek, Williams, David J, Kooi, M Eline, van Dam-Nolen, Dianne H K, Barbato, Carmen, Browning, Simone, Wiegertjes, Kim, Tuladhar, Anil M, Maaijwee, Noortje, Guevarra, Christine, Yatawara, Chathuri, Mendyk, Anne-Marie, Delmaire, Christine, Köhler, Sebastian, van Oostenbrugge, Robert, Zhou, Ying, Xu, Chao, Hilal, Saima, Gyanwali, Bibek, Chen, Christopher, Lou, Min, Staals, Julie, Bordet, Régis, Kandiah, Nagaendran, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Simister, Robert, van der Lugt, Aad, Kelly, Peter J, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Soo, Yannie, Fluri, Felix, Srikanth, Velandai, Calvet, David, Jung, Simon, Kwa, Vincent I H, Engelter, Stefan T, Peters, Nils, Smith, Eric E, Yakushiji, Yusuke, Orken, Dilek Necioglu, Fazekas, Franz, Thijs, Vincent, Heo, Ji Hoe, Mok, Vincent, Veltkamp, Roland, Ay, Hakan, Imaizumi, Toshio, Gomez-Anson, Beatriz, Lau, Kui Kai, Jouvent, Eric, Rothwell, Peter M, Toyoda, Kazunori, Bae, Hee-Joon, Marti-Fabregas, Joan, and Werring, David J

Published
2019
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9. An Empirical Study of Dispute Resolution Clauses in International Supply Contracts.

Author

Coyle, John F. and Drahozal, Christopher R.

Subjects
Forum shopping -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Commercial arbitration -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Research, Conflict of laws -- Management -- Remedies, Business logistics -- Contracts -- Negotiation, mediation and arbitration, Government regulation, Company business management, Contract agreement
Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 325 II. SAMPLE AND LIMITATIONS 328 III. CHOICE-OF-LAW CLAUSES IN INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CONTRACTS 330 A. Background 330 B. Empirical Results: Provisions in Choice-of-Law Clauses 333 [...], International transactions present unique legal risks. When a contract touches several different nations, a party may not know where it will be called upon to defend a lawsuit or, alternatively, which nation's law will be applied to resolve that dispute. To mitigate these risks, parties will often write dispute resolution provisions into their contracts. Arbitration clauses and forum selection clauses help to reduce uncertainty relating to the forum. Choice-of-law clauses help to reduce uncertainty as to the governing law. Over the past few decades, such provisions have become commonplace in international contracting. And yet there exist vanishingly few empirical studies exploring the use of these provisions in international commercial agreements. This Article aspires to fill this gap. Drawing upon a hand-collected dataset of 157 international supply agreements, it describes the ways in which large corporations seek to mitigate their risk in international transactions via dispute resolution clauses. The Article first provides a thorough descriptive account of choice-of-law clauses in these agreements to illustrate the myriad ways these clauses do and do not mitigate legal risk. It then undertakes the same project with respect to arbitration clauses and forum selection clauses, paying careful attention to the ways in which actual practice deviates from the model forms promulgated by arbitration groups, to show how these clauses mitigate forum risk. While the primary objective of the Article is descriptive rather than normative--it seeks to describe the contents of agreements that have heretofore been largely ignored by legal scholars--it also discusses the normative implications of its descriptive account for three groups. First, legal scholars may draw upon this account to better understand how contract boilerplate evolves and changes over time. Second, judges called upon to interpret a contract may utilize this account to determine whether a phrase is typically included in clauses of a given type. Third, and finally, contract drafters may glean useful insights into how to craft dispute resolution provisions that maximize the reduction in uncertainty in international contracting.

Published
2019

11. THE PUZZLE OF FLOATING FORUM SELECTION CLAUSES.

Author

COYLE, JOHN F. and EFFRON, ROBIN J.

Abstract

This Essay, written for the symposium honoring the work of Professor Linda Silberman, investigates the intricacies of floating forum selection clauses, an innovative development in contract procedure. Floating forum selection clauses link the choice of forum for dispute resolution to a variable factor after contract signing. This Essay categorizes floating forum selection clauses into three types, each with distinct enforceability and influencing factors, and then explores the complex relationship between consent and due process, shedding light on how different courts approach the connection between the two concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

13. THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT IN BOILERPLATE CONTRACT INTERPRETATION.

Author

Coyle, John F.

Subjects
Chaos theory -- Analysis, Standardized terms of contract -- Interpretation and construction -- Research
Abstract

I INTRODUCTION Legal disputes relating to contract interpretation are frequently conceptualized as one-and-done affairs. A court will adopt what it considers to be a reasonable interpretation of the contract, rule [...]

Published
2019

14. Interpreting Forum Selection Clauses.

Author

Coyle, John F.

Subjects
Forum non conveniens -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management -- Remedies, Contracts -- Interpretation and construction -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Remedies, Government regulation, Company business management
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Over the past half century, courts in the United States have developed canons of construction that they use exclusively to construe forum selection clauses. These canons play an important [...]

Published
2019

18. STARTUP LAWYERING 2.0.

Author

Coyle, John F. and Green, Joseph M.

Subjects
Startups -- Finance -- Laws, regulations and rules, Regulatory compliance costs -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Venture capital -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Transaction costs -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Government regulation, Company business management, Company financing, Venture capital
Abstract

INTRODUCTION 1404 I. THE GEOGRAPHY OF VENTURE CAPITAL IN THE UNITED STATES 1407 II. COMMON THREADS IN STARTUP LAWYERING 1409 A. Startup Lawyers as Transaction Cost Engineers 1411 1. Prepackaged [...], This Article describes the day-to-day work of lawyers who advise startup companies. Drawing upon interviews with practicing attorneys in New York City and the Research Triangle of North Carolina, it distinguishes the practice of startup lawyers from the practice of other types of corporate lawyers. In so doing, the Article aspires to update and expand upon a sociological study published in 1996 that described the distinctive character of the work performed by startup lawyers in Silicon Valley. This earlier study provides an account of what we call "Startup Lawyering 1.0." In this Article, we describe the work of startup lawyers outside of Silicon Valley circa 2016. In so doing, we provide an account of what we call "Startup Lawyering 2.0." We first describe how startup lawyers serve as transaction cost engineers by preparing prepackaged documents, by utilizing standard forms, and by providing nonlegal advice to their clients. We then show that startup lawyers serve as reputational intermediaries by screening clients and by vouching for them with investors. We also show that startup lawyers serve as regulatory compliance experts, transmitters of norms, and designers of innovative billing schemes. We further argue that West Coast norms of startup lawyering have migrated to other startup ecosystems in the United States. The key distinction for lawyering practice in the startup space today, we argue, relies less on geography and more on whether a lawyer is what we call a "startup law aficionado." Startup law aficionados can be found in any geographical region, though they tend to be clustered in technology hubs. Silicon Valley is still such a center of gravity in the startup world that startup law aficionados outside the Bay Area will inevitably come into contact with Silicon Valley startup lawyers and venture investors. As this occurs, the lawyering practices of startup law aficionados outside of Silicon Valley increasingly reflect those of their counterparts in Silicon Valley--and repeated exposure only increases the effect.

Published
2017

19. The canons of construction for choice-of-law clauses.

Author

Coyle, John F.

Subjects
Conflict of laws -- Analysis, Legal interpretation -- Evaluation, Arbitration Act, Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws
Abstract

Abstract: Over the past half-century, courts in the United States have developed canons of construction that they use exclusively to construe choice-of-law clauses. These canons are consistently applied by state [...]

Published
2017

20. Cognitive Impairment Before Intracerebral Hemorrhage Is Associated With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Author

Banerjee, Gargi, Wilson, Duncan, Ambler, Gareth, Osei-Bonsu Appiah, Karen, Shakeshaft, Clare, Lunawat, Surabhika, Cohen, Hannah, Yousry, Tarek, Dr, Lip, Gregory Y.H., Muir, Keith W., Brown, Martin M., Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Jäger, Hans Rolf, Werring, David J., Shaw, Louise, Sword, Jane, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Sharma, Pankaj, Veltkamp, Roland, Kelly, Deborah, Harrington, Frances, Randall, Marc, Smith, Matthew, Mahawish, Karim, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, Esisi, Bernard, Cullen, Claire, Nallasivam, Arumug, Price, Christopher, Barry, Adrian, Roffe, Christine, Coyle, John, Hassan, Ahamad, Lovelock, Caroline, Birns, Jonathan, Cohen, David, Sekaran, L., Parry-Jones, Adrian, Parry, Anthea, Hargroves, David, Proschel, Harald, Datta, Prabel, Darawil, Khaled, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Burn, Mathew, Patterson, Chris, Giallombardo, Elio, Smyth, Nigel, Mansoor, Syed, Anwar, Ijaz, Marsh, Rachel, Ispoglou, Sissi, Chadha, Dinesh, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, O’Connell, Janice, Scott, Jon, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Aghoram, Prasanna, McCormick, Michael, O’Mahony, Paul, Cooper, Martin, Choy, Lillian, Wilkinson, Peter, Leach, Simon, Caine, Sarah, Burger, Ilse, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, Guyler, Paul, Emsley, Hedley, Davis, Michelle, Manawadu, Dulka, Pasco, Kath, Mamun, Maam, Luder, Robert, Sajid, Mahmud, Anwar, Ijaz, Okwera, James, Staals, Julie, Warburton, Elizabeth, Saastamoinen, Kari, England, Timothy, Putterill, Janet, Flossman, Enrico, Power, Michael, Dani, Krishna, Mangion, David, Suman, Appu, Corrigan, John, Lawrence, Enas, and Vahidassr, Djamil

Published
2018
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28. Corporations and Other Business Enterprises, Cases and Materials 5th Edition

Author

Markham, Jerry W., Hazen, Thomas Lee, Coyle, John, Markham, Jerry W., Hazen, Thomas Lee, and Coyle, John

Abstract

In addition to the law of corporations, the casebook explores the law of partnerships and the law of limited liability companies. It contains specialized treatment of fiduciary duties and closely-held corporations. It addresses the federal securities laws, Sarbanes-Oxley, SEC proxy rules, and insider trading. The casebook also discusses mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, and the role of corporate lawyers in effectuating business transactions. Suitable for use in basic as well as advanced courses., https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_books/1284/thumbnail.jpg

Published
2021

29. Development of imaging-based risk scores for prediction of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients taking antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies

Author

Best, Jonathan G, primary, Ambler, Gareth, additional, Wilson, Duncan, additional, Lee, Keon-Joo, additional, Lim, Jae-Sung, additional, Shiozawa, Masayuki, additional, Koga, Masatoshi, additional, Li, Linxin, additional, Lovelock, Caroline, additional, Chabriat, Hugues, additional, Hennerici, Michael, additional, Wong, Yuen Kwun, additional, Mak, Henry Ka Fung, additional, Prats-Sanchez, Luis, additional, Martínez-Domeño, Alejandro, additional, Inamura, Shigeru, additional, Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa, additional, Arsava, Ethem Murat, additional, Horstmann, Solveig, additional, Purrucker, Jan, additional, Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, additional, Wong, Adrian, additional, Kim, Young Dae, additional, Song, Tae-Jin, additional, Lemmens, Robin, additional, Eppinger, Sebastian, additional, Gattringer, Thomas, additional, Uysal, Ender, additional, Tanriverdi, Zeynep, additional, Bornstein, Natan M, additional, Ben Assayag, Einor, additional, Hallevi, Hen, additional, Molad, Jeremy, additional, Nishihara, Masashi, additional, Tanaka, Jun, additional, Coutts, Shelagh B, additional, Polymeris, Alexandros, additional, Wagner, Benjamin, additional, Seiffge, David J, additional, Lyrer, Philippe, additional, Algra, Ale, additional, Kappelle, L Jaap, additional, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, additional, Jäger, Hans R, additional, Lip, Gregory Y H, additional, Fischer, Urs, additional, El-Koussy, Marwan, additional, Mas, Jean-Louis, additional, Legrand, Laurence, additional, Karayiannis, Christopher, additional, Phan, Thanh, additional, Gunkel, Sarah, additional, Christ, Nicolas, additional, Abrigo, Jill, additional, Leung, Thomas, additional, Chu, Winnie, additional, Chappell, Francesca, additional, Makin, Stephen, additional, Hayden, Derek, additional, Williams, David J, additional, Mess, Werner H, additional, Nederkoorn, Paul J, additional, Barbato, Carmen, additional, Browning, Simone, additional, Wiegertjes, Kim, additional, Tuladhar, Anil M, additional, Maaijwee, Noortje, additional, Guevarra, Anne Cristine, additional, Yatawara, Chathuri, additional, Mendyk, Anne-Marie, additional, Delmaire, Christine, additional, Köhler, Sebastian, additional, van Oostenbrugge, Robert, additional, Zhou, Ying, additional, Xu, Chao, additional, Hilal, Saima, additional, Gyanwali, Bibek, additional, Chen, Christopher, additional, Lou, Min, additional, Staals, Julie, additional, Bordet, Régis, additional, Kandiah, Nagaendran, additional, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, additional, Simister, Robert, additional, Hendrikse, Jeroen, additional, Kelly, Peter J, additional, Wardlaw, Joanna, additional, Soo, Yannie, additional, Fluri, Felix, additional, Srikanth, Velandai, additional, Calvet, David, additional, Jung, Simon, additional, Kwa, Vincent I H, additional, Engelter, Stefan T, additional, Peters, Nils, additional, Smith, Eric E, additional, Hara, Hideo, additional, Yakushiji, Yusuke, additional, Orken, Dilek Necioglu, additional, Fazekas, Franz, additional, Thijs, Vincent, additional, Heo, Ji Hoe, additional, Mok, Vincent, additional, Veltkamp, Roland, additional, Ay, Hakan, additional, Imaizumi, Toshio, additional, Gomez-Anson, Beatriz, additional, Lau, Kui Kai, additional, Jouvent, Eric, additional, Rothwell, Peter M, additional, Toyoda, Kazunori, additional, Bae, Hee-Joon, additional, Marti-Fabregas, Joan, additional, Werring, David J, additional, Harkness, Kirsty, additional, Shaw, Louise, additional, Sword, Jane, additional, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, additional, Sharma, Pankaj, additional, Kelly, Deborah, additional, Harrington, Frances, additional, Randall, Marc, additional, Smith, Matthew, additional, Mahawish, Karim, additional, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, additional, Esisi, Bernard, additional, Cullen, Claire, additional, Nallasivam, Arumug, additional, Price, Christopher, additional, Barry, Adrian, additional, Roffe, Christine, additional, Coyle, John, additional, Hassan, Ahamad, additional, Birns, Jonathan, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, additional, Parry-Jones, Adrian, additional, Parry, Anthea, additional, Hargroves, David, additional, Proschel, Harald, additional, Datta, Prabel, additional, Darawil, Khaled, additional, Manoj, Aravindakshan, additional, Burn, Mathew, additional, Patterson, Chris, additional, Giallombardo, Elio, additional, Smyth, Nigel, additional, Mansoor, Syed, additional, Anwar, Ijaz, additional, Marsh, Rachel, additional, Ispoglou, Sissi, additional, Chadha, Dinesh, additional, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, additional, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, additional, O'Connell, Janice, additional, Scott, Jon, additional, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, additional, Aghoram, Prasanna, additional, McCormick, Michael, additional, Sprigg, Nikola, additional, O'Mahony, Paul, additional, Cooper, Martin, additional, Choy, Lillian, additional, Wilkinson, Peter, additional, Leach, Simon, additional, Caine, Sarah, additional, Burger, Ilse, additional, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, additional, Guyler, Paul, additional, Emsley, Hedley, additional, Davis, Michelle, additional, Manawadu, Dulka, additional, Pasco, Kath, additional, Mamun, Maam, additional, Luder, Robert, additional, Sajid, Mahmud, additional, Okwera, James, additional, Warburton, Elizabeth, additional, Saastamoinen, Kari, additional, England, Timothy, additional, Putterill, Janet, additional, Flossman, Enrico, additional, Power, Michael, additional, Dani, Krishna, additional, Mangion, David, additional, Suman, Appu, additional, Corrigan, John, additional, Lawrence, Enas, additional, Vahidassr, Djamil, additional, Shakeshaft, Clare, additional, Brown, Martin, additional, Charidimou, Andreas, additional, Cohen, Hannah, additional, Banerjee, Gargi, additional, Houlden, Henry, additional, White, Mark, additional, Yousry, Tarek, additional, Flossmann, Enrico, additional, Muir, Keith, additional, Gratz, Pascal, additional, Mattle, Heinrich, additional, Panos, Leonidas, additional, Korczyn, Amos, additional, Kliper, Efrat, additional, Maeder, Philippe, additional, Gass, Achim, additional, Pachai, Chahin, additional, Bracoub, Luc, additional, Douste-Blazy, Marie-Yvonne, additional, Fratacci, Marie Dominique, additional, Vicaut, Eric, additional, Sato, Shoichiro, additional, Miwa, Kaori, additional, Fujita, Kyohei, additional, Ide, Toshihiro, additional, Ma, Henry, additional, Ly, John, additional, Singhal, Shaloo, additional, Chandra, Ronil, additional, Slater, Lee-Anne, additional, Soufan, Cathy, additional, Moran, Christopher, additional, Traenka, Christopher, additional, Thilemann, Sebastian, additional, Fladt, Joachim, additional, Gensicke, Henrik, additional, Bonati, Leo, additional, Kim, Beom Joon, additional, Han, Moon-Ku, additional, Kang, Jihoon, additional, Ko, Eunbin, additional, Yang, Mi Hwa, additional, Jang, Myung Suk, additional, Murphy, Sean, additional, Carty, Fiona, additional, Akijian, Layan, additional, Thornton, John, additional, Schembri, Mark, additional, Douven, Elles, additional, Delgado-Mederos, Raquel, additional, Marín, Rebeca, additional, Camps-Renom, Pol, additional, Guisado-Alonso, Daniel, additional, Nuñez, Fidel, additional, Medrano-Martorell, Santiago, additional, Merino, Elisa, additional, Iida, Kotaro, additional, Ikeda, Syuhei, additional, Irie, Hiroyuki, additional, Demirelli, Derya Selcuk, additional, Medanta, Jayesh Modi, additional, Zerna, Charlotte, additional, Hernández, Maria Valdés, additional, Armitage, Paul, additional, Heye, Anna, additional, Muñoz-Maniega, Susana, additional, Sakka, Eleni, additional, Thrippleton, Michael, additional, Dennis, Martin, additional, Beigneux, Ysoline, additional, Silva, Mauro, additional, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, additional, Ho, Shu Leung, additional, Cheung, Raymond Tak Fai, additional, Chan, Koon Ho, additional, Teo, Kay Cheong, additional, Hui, Edward, additional, Kwan, Joseph Shiu Kwong, additional, Chang, Richard, additional, Tse, Man Yu, additional, Hoi, Chu Peng, additional, Chan, Chung Yan, additional, Chan, Oi Ling, additional, Cheung, Ryan Hoi Kit, additional, Wong, Edmund Ka Ming, additional, Leung, Kam Tat, additional, Tsang, Suk Fung, additional, Ip, Hing Lung, additional, Ma, Sze Ho, additional, Ma, Karen, additional, Fong, Wing Chi, additional, Li, Siu Hung, additional, Li, Richard, additional, Ng, Ping Wing, additional, Wong, Kwok Kui, additional, Liu, Wenyan, additional, Wong, Lawrence, additional, Ramos, Lino, additional, De Schryver, Els, additional, Jöbsis, Joost, additional, van der Sande, Jaap, additional, Brouwers, Paul, additional, Roos, Yvo, additional, Stam, Jan, additional, Bakker, Stef, additional, Verbiest, Henk, additional, Schoonewille, Wouter, additional, Linn, Cisca, additional, Hertzberger, Leopold, additional, van Gemert, Maarten, additional, Berntsen, Paul, additional, Van Dam-Nolen, Dianne, additional, Kooi, M Eline, additional, Van der Lugt, Aad, additional, Koudstaal, Peter, additional, Leff, Alexander, additional, Ward, Nicholas, additional, Nachev, Parashkev, additional, Perry, Richard, additional, Ozkan, Hatice, additional, and Mitchell, John, additional

Published
2021
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30. Baseline factors associated with early and late death in intracerebral haemorrhage survivors

Author

Banerjee, G., Ambler, G., Hostettler, I. C., Shakeshaft, C., Lunawat, S., Cohen, H., Yousry, T., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Lip, G. Y.H., Houlden, H., Muir, K. W., Jäger, H. R., Werring, D. J., Shaw, Louise, Harkness, Kirsty, Sword, Jane, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Sharma, Pankaj, Kelly, Deborah, Harrington, Frances, Randall, Marc, Smith, Matthew, Mahawish, Karim, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, Esisi, Bernard, Cullen, Claire, Nallasivam, Arumug, Price, Christopher, Barry, Adrian, Roffe, Christine, Coyle, John, Hassan, Ahamad, Lovelock, Caroline, Birns, Jonathan, Cohen, David, Sekaran, L., Parry-Jones, Adrian, Parry, Anthea, Hargroves, David, Proschel, Harald, Datta, Prabel, Darawil, Khaled, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Burn, Mathew, Patterson, Chris, Giallombardo, Elio, Smyth, Nigel, Mansoor, Syed, Anwar, Ijaz, Marsh, Rachel, Ispoglou, Sissi, Chadha, Dinesh, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, O'Connell, Janice, Scott, Jon, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Aghoram, Prasanna, McCormick, Michael, O’Mahony, Paul, Cooper, Martin, Choy, Lillian, Wilkinson, Peter, Leach, Simon, Caine, Sarah, Burger, Ilse, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, Guyler, Paul, Emsley, Hedley, Davis, Michelle, Manawadu, Dulka, Pasco, Kath, Mamun, Maam, Luder, Robert, Sajid, Mahmud, Okwera, James, Staals, Julie, Warburton, Elizabeth, Saastamoinen, Kari, England, Timothy, Putterill, Janet, Flossman, Enrico, Power, Michael, Dani, Krishna, Mangion, David, Suman, Appu, Corrigan, John, Lawrence, Enas, Vahidassr, Djamil, Banerjee, G., Ambler, G., Hostettler, I. C., Shakeshaft, C., Lunawat, S., Cohen, H., Yousry, T., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Lip, G. Y.H., Houlden, H., Muir, K. W., Jäger, H. R., Werring, D. J., Shaw, Louise, Harkness, Kirsty, Sword, Jane, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Sharma, Pankaj, Kelly, Deborah, Harrington, Frances, Randall, Marc, Smith, Matthew, Mahawish, Karim, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, Esisi, Bernard, Cullen, Claire, Nallasivam, Arumug, Price, Christopher, Barry, Adrian, Roffe, Christine, Coyle, John, Hassan, Ahamad, Lovelock, Caroline, Birns, Jonathan, Cohen, David, Sekaran, L., Parry-Jones, Adrian, Parry, Anthea, Hargroves, David, Proschel, Harald, Datta, Prabel, Darawil, Khaled, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Burn, Mathew, Patterson, Chris, Giallombardo, Elio, Smyth, Nigel, Mansoor, Syed, Anwar, Ijaz, Marsh, Rachel, Ispoglou, Sissi, Chadha, Dinesh, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, O'Connell, Janice, Scott, Jon, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Aghoram, Prasanna, McCormick, Michael, O’Mahony, Paul, Cooper, Martin, Choy, Lillian, Wilkinson, Peter, Leach, Simon, Caine, Sarah, Burger, Ilse, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, Guyler, Paul, Emsley, Hedley, Davis, Michelle, Manawadu, Dulka, Pasco, Kath, Mamun, Maam, Luder, Robert, Sajid, Mahmud, Okwera, James, Staals, Julie, Warburton, Elizabeth, Saastamoinen, Kari, England, Timothy, Putterill, Janet, Flossman, Enrico, Power, Michael, Dani, Krishna, Mangion, David, Suman, Appu, Corrigan, John, Lawrence, Enas, and Vahidassr, Djamil

Abstract

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether early and late death are associated with different baseline factors in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) survivors. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the multicentre prospective observational CROMIS-2 ICH study. Death was defined as ‘early’ if occurring within 6 months of study entry and ‘late’ if occurring after this time point. Results: In our cohort (n = 1094), there were 306 deaths (per 100 patient-years: absolute event rate, 11.7; 95% confidence intervals, 10.5–13.1); 156 were ‘early’ and 150 ‘late’. In multivariable analyses, early death was independently associated with age [per year increase; hazard ratio (HR), 1.05, P = 0.003], history of hypertension (HR, 1.89, P = 0.038), pre-event modified Rankin scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.41, P < 0.0001), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.11, P < 0.0001) and haemorrhage volume >60 mL (HR, 4.08, P < 0.0001). Late death showed independent associations with age (per year increase; HR, 1.04, P = 0.003), pre-event modified Rankin scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.42, P = 0.001), prior anticoagulant use (HR, 2.13, P = 0.028) and the presence of intraventricular extension (HR, 1.73, P = 0.033) in multivariable analyses. In further analyses where time was treated as continuous (rather than dichotomized), the HR of previous cerebral ischaemic events increased with time, whereas HRs for Glasgow Coma Scale score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and ICH volume decreased over time. Conclusions: We provide new evidence that not all baseline factors associated with early mortality after ICH are associated with mortality after 6 months and that the effects of baseline variables change over time. Our findings could help design better prognostic scores for later death after ICH.

Published
2020

35. Cognitive Impairment Before Atrial Fibrillation–Related Ischemic Events: Neuroimaging and Prognostic Associations

Author

Banerjee, Gargi, primary, Chan, Edgar, additional, Ambler, Gareth, additional, Wilson, Duncan, additional, Cipolotti, Lisa, additional, Shakeshaft, Clare, additional, Cohen, Hannah, additional, Yousry, Tarek, additional, Al‐Shahi Salman, Rustam, additional, Lip, Gregory Y. H., additional, Muir, Keith W., additional, Brown, Martin M., additional, Jäger, Hans Rolf, additional, Werring, David J., additional, Shaw, Louise, additional, Harkness, Kirsty, additional, Sword, Jane, additional, Nor, Azlisham Mohd, additional, Sharma, Pankaj, additional, Kelly, Deborah, additional, Harrington, Frances, additional, Randall, Marc, additional, Smith, Matthew, additional, Mahawish, Karim, additional, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, additional, Esisi, Bernard, additional, Cullen, Claire, additional, Nallasivam, Arumug, additional, Price, Christopher, additional, Barry, Adrian, additional, Roffe, Christine, additional, Coyle, John, additional, Hassan, Ahamad, additional, Lovelock, Caroline, additional, Birns, Jonathan, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Sekaran, L., additional, Parry‐Jones, Adrian, additional, Parry, Anthea, additional, Hargroves, David, additional, Proschel, Harald, additional, Datta, Prabel, additional, Darawil, Khaled, additional, Manoj, Aravindakshan, additional, Burn, Mathew, additional, Patterson, Chris, additional, Giallombardo, Elio, additional, Smyth, Nigel, additional, Mansoor, Syed, additional, Anwar, Ijaz, additional, Marsh, Rachel, additional, Ispoglou, Sissi, additional, Chadha, Dinesh, additional, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, additional, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, additional, O'Connell, Janice, additional, Scott, Jon, additional, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, additional, Aghoram, Prasanna, additional, McCormick, Michael, additional, O'Mahony, Paul, additional, Cooper, Martin, additional, Choy, Lillian, additional, Wilkinson, Peter, additional, Leach, Simon, additional, Caine, Sarah, additional, Burger, Ilse, additional, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, additional, Guyler, Paul, additional, Emsley, Hedley, additional, Davis, Michelle, additional, Manawadu, Dulka, additional, Pasco, Kath, additional, Mamun, Maam, additional, Luder, Robert, additional, Sajid, Mahmud, additional, Okwera, James, additional, Staals, Julie, additional, Warburton, Elizabeth, additional, Saastamoinen, Kari, additional, England, Timothy, additional, Putterill, Janet, additional, Flossman, Enrico, additional, Power, Michael, additional, Dani, Krishna, additional, Mangion, David, additional, Suman, Appu, additional, Corrigan, John, additional, Lawrence, Enas, additional, and Vahidassr, Djamil, additional

Published
2020
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39. Effect of small-vessel disease on cognitive trajectory after atrial fibrillation-related ischaemic stroke or TIA

Author

Banerjee, Gargi, Chan, Edgar, Ambler, Gareth, Wilson, Duncan, Cipolotti, Lisa, Shakeshaft, Clare, Cohen, Hannah, Yousry, Tarek, Lip, Gregory YH, Muir, Keith W, Brown, Martin M, Jaeger, Hans Rolf, Werring, David J, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Shaw, Louise, Harkness, Kirsty, Sword, Jane, Nor, Azlisham Mohd, Sharma, Pankaj, Kelly, Deborah, Harrington, Frances, Randall, Marc, Smith, Matthew, Mahawish, Karim, Elmarim, Abduelbaset, Esisi, Bernard, Cullen, Claire, Nallasivam, Arumug, Price, Christopher, Barry, Adrian, Roffe, Christine, Coyle, John, Hassan, Ahamad, Lovelock, Caroline, Birns, Jonathan, Cohen, David, Sekaran, L, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Parry, Anthea, Hargroves, David, Proschel, Harald, Datta, Prabel, Darawil, Khaled, Manoj, Aravindakshan, Burn, Mathew, Patterson, Chris, Giallombardo, Elio, Smyth, Nigel, Mansoor, Syed, Anwar, Ijaz, Marsh, Rachel, Ispoglou, Sissi, Chadha, Dinesh, Prabhakaran, Mathuri, Meenakishundaram, Sanjeevikumar, O'Connell, Janice, Scott, Jon, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Aghoram, Prasanna, McCormick, Michael, O'Mahony, Paul, Cooper, Martin, Choy, Lillian, Wilkinson, Peter, Leach, Simon, Caine, Sarah, Burger, Ilse, Gunathilagan, Gunaratam, Guyler, Paul, Emsley, Hedley, Davis, Michelle, Manawadu, Dulka, Pasco, Kath, Mamun, Maam, Luder, Robert, Sajid, Mahmud, Okwera, James, Staals, Julie, Warburton, Elizabeth, Saastamoinen, Kari, England, Timothy, Putterill, Janet, Flossman, Enrico, Power, Michael, Dani, Krishna, Mangion, David, Suman, Appu, Corrigan, John, Lawrence, Enas, Vahidassr, Djamil, and Collaborators, CROMIS-2

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Brain ischaemia, Neuropsychological Tests, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030212 general & internal medicine, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Ischaemic stroke, Neuroradiology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral small-vessel disease, Transient ischaemic attack (TIA), business.industry, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stroke, Cognitive impairment, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, Cohort, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Post-stroke dementia is common but has heterogenous mechanisms that are not fully understood, particularly in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)-related ischaemic stroke or TIA. We investigated the relationship between MRI small-vessel disease markers (including a composite cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA, score) and cognitive trajectory over 12 months. We included patients from the CROMIS-2 AF study without pre-existing cognitive impairment and with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) data. Cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA

Published
2019

40. Enforcing Outbound Forum Selection Clauses in State Court.

Author

COYLE, JOHN F. and RICHARDSON, KATHERINE C.

Subjects
*COMMERCIAL law, *CLAUSES (Law), *ERIE Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, *STATE courts, *GOVERNMENT policy
Abstract

Forum selection clauses are a staple of modern business law. Parties agree, ex ante, on where they can sue one another and then rely on the courts to enforce these agreements. Although the number of contracts containing forum selection clauses has skyrocketed in recent years, there is a dearth of empirical information about enforcement practice at the state level. Are there any states that refuse to enforce them? How frequently are they enforced? Under what circumstances, if any, will these clauses be deemed unenforceable? The existing literature provides few answers to these questions. This Article aims to fill that gap. It surveys more than 200 state statutes and nearly 900 state cases involving outbound forum selection clauses to contribute to the scholarly discussion in two important ways. First, it provides a much needed, and heretofore missing, empirical account of when outbound forum selection clauses will be enforced in state courts. Second, the Article offers a rich descriptive account of why outbound forum selection clauses sometimes go unenforced. It shows that state courts generally refuse to enforce these clauses for one of two reasons: 1) they are contrary to public policy; or 2) they are unreasonable, a famously malleable term that encompasses a relatively stable subset of reasons. The data presented in this Article offers important insights to actors who interact with outbound forum selection clauses on a regular basis--litigators, judges, and scholars. Armed with this information, litigators can take care to avoid pitfalls that may result in a clause being deemed unenforceable. Judges can gain a better sense for how their colleagues in other states address the myriad challenges posed by these clauses. And scholars can draw upon this data to evaluate whether there exists a difference between state and federal practice in this area and, if so, whether this difference presents a problem under the Supreme Court's seminal decision in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

41. Dirty Fellow

Author

Coyle, John J.

Subjects
Hobbies and crafts, Travel, recreation and leisure
Abstract

Just reread your article on the two Ruger 22s (Insider, 'Wrangler Vs. Super Single Six,' Nov/Dec 2019). One thing really hitting home for me was the long-term loaner coming back [...]

Published
2020

42. Cruise Contracts, Public Policy, and Foreign Forum Selection Clauses.

Author

COYLE, JOHN F.

Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy, STATUTES, OCEAN liner passengers, CRUISE ships, UNITED States appellate courts
Abstract

A cruise ship contract is the prototypical contract of adhesion. The passenger is presented with the contract on a take-it-or-leave-it basis. If she refuses to sign, the ship sails without her. To ensure that cruise companies do not draft one-sided contracts that are unfair to passengers, Congress has enacted a number of statutes that regulate these agreements. One such statute is 46 U.S.C. § 30509. This law stipulates that any contract provision that limits the liability of the cruise company for personal injury or death is void as against public policy if the ship stops at a U.S. port. In recent years, cruise companies have sought to develop a workaround to this rule for non-U.S. residents. The workaround involves (1) a foreign forum selection clause, and (2) a foreign choice-of-law clause. When a suit is filed against the cruise company in U.S. court, the company will invoke the foreign forum selection clause and ask for the case to be dismissed. When the case is refiled in the foreign court, the cruise company will then argue that the choice-oflaw clause compels the application of the Athens Convention, an international treaty that caps the liability of cruise companies in negligence cases. In this way, the companies seek to use forum selection clauses and choice-of-law clauses in tandem to achieve a goal-limting their tort liability to passengers via contract-that would ordinarily be prohibited by 46 U.S.C. § 30509. This workaround should not work. Indeed, there are dozens of cases where U.S. courts have refused to enforce forum selection clauses in analogous situations. In 2012, however, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit expressly blessed the use of the workaround in cruise ship contracts. This Article first critiques this Eleventh Circuit decision and identifies its many shortcomings. It then draws upon analogous cases from other areas of U.S. law to propose a new analytical framework for evaluating when the courts should and should not enforce foreign forum selection clauses in cruise ship contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

43. Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies

Author

Wilson, Duncan, primary, Ambler, Gareth, additional, Lee, Keon-Joo, additional, Lim, Jae-Sung, additional, Shiozawa, Masayuki, additional, Koga, Masatoshi, additional, Li, Linxin, additional, Lovelock, Caroline, additional, Chabriat, Hugues, additional, Hennerici, Michael, additional, Wong, Yuen Kwun, additional, Mak, Henry Ka Fung, additional, Prats-Sánchez, Luis, additional, Martínez-Domeño, Alejandro, additional, Inamura, Shigeru, additional, Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa, additional, Arsava, Ethem Murat, additional, Horstmann, Solveig, additional, Purrucker, Jan, additional, Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka, additional, Wong, Adrian, additional, Kim, Young Dae, additional, Song, Tae-Jin, additional, Schrooten, Maarten, additional, Lemmens, Robin, additional, Eppinger, Sebastian, additional, Gattringer, Thomas, additional, Uysal, Ender, additional, Tanriverdi, Zeynep, additional, Bornstein, Natan M, additional, Assayag, Einor Ben, additional, Hallevi, Hen, additional, Tanaka, Jun, additional, Hara, Hideo, additional, Coutts, Shelagh B, additional, Hert, Lisa, additional, Polymeris, Alexandros, additional, Seiffge, David J, additional, Lyrer, Philippe, additional, Algra, Ale, additional, Kappelle, Jaap, additional, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, additional, Jäger, Hans R, additional, Lip, Gregory Y H, additional, Mattle, Heinrich P, additional, Panos, Leonidas D, additional, Mas, Jean-Louis, additional, Legrand, Laurence, additional, Karayiannis, Christopher, additional, Phan, Thanh, additional, Gunkel, Sarah, additional, Christ, Nicolas, additional, Abrigo, Jill, additional, Leung, Thomas, additional, Chu, Winnie, additional, Chappell, Francesca, additional, Makin, Stephen, additional, Hayden, Derek, additional, Williams, David J, additional, Kooi, M Eline, additional, van Dam-Nolen, Dianne H K, additional, Barbato, Carmen, additional, Browning, Simone, additional, Wiegertjes, Kim, additional, Tuladhar, Anil M, additional, Maaijwee, Noortje, additional, Guevarra, Christine, additional, Yatawara, Chathuri, additional, Mendyk, Anne-Marie, additional, Delmaire, Christine, additional, Köhler, Sebastian, additional, van Oostenbrugge, Robert, additional, Zhou, Ying, additional, Xu, Chao, additional, Hilal, Saima, additional, Gyanwali, Bibek, additional, Chen, Christopher, additional, Lou, Min, additional, Staals, Julie, additional, Bordet, Régis, additional, Kandiah, Nagaendran, additional, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, additional, Simister, Robert, additional, van der Lugt, Aad, additional, Kelly, Peter J, additional, Wardlaw, Joanna M, additional, Soo, Yannie, additional, Fluri, Felix, additional, Srikanth, Velandai, additional, Calvet, David, additional, Jung, Simon, additional, Kwa, Vincent I H, additional, Engelter, Stefan T, additional, Peters, Nils, additional, Smith, Eric E, additional, Yakushiji, Yusuke, additional, Orken, Dilek Necioglu, additional, Fazekas, Franz, additional, Thijs, Vincent, additional, Heo, Ji Hoe, additional, Mok, Vincent, additional, Veltkamp, 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additional, Pasco, Kath, additional, Mamun, Maam, additional, Luder, Robert, additional, Sajid, Mahmud, additional, Okwera, James, additional, Warburton, Elizabeth, additional, Saastamoinen, Kari, additional, England, Timothy, additional, Putterill, Janet, additional, Flossman, Enrico, additional, Power, Michael, additional, Dani, Krishna, additional, Mangion, David, additional, Suman, Appu, additional, Corrigan, John, additional, Lawrence, Enas, additional, Vahidassr, Djamil, additional, Shakeshaft, Clare, additional, Brown, Martin, additional, Charidimou, Andreas, additional, Cohen, Hannah, additional, Banerjee, Gargi, additional, Houlden, Henry, additional, White, Mark, additional, Yousry, Tarek, additional, Flossmann, Enrico, additional, Muir, Keith, additional, El-Koussy, Marwan, additional, Gratz, Pascal, additional, Molad, Jeremy, additional, Korczyn, Amos, additional, Kliper, Efrat, additional, Maeder, Philippe, additional, Gass, Achim, additional, Pachai, Chahin, additional, Bracoub, Luc, additional, Douste-Blazy, Marie-Yvonne, additional, Fratacci, Marie Dominique, additional, Vicaut, Eric, additional, Sato, Shoichiro, additional, Miwa, Kaori, additional, Fujita, Kyohei, additional, Ide, Toshihiro, additional, Ma, Henry, additional, Ly, John, additional, Singhal, Shahoo, additional, Chandra, Ronil, additional, Slater, Lee-Anne, additional, Soufan, Cathy, additional, Moran, Christopher, additional, Traenka, Christopher, additional, Thilemann, Sebastian, additional, Fladt, Joachim, additional, Gensicke, Henrik, additional, Bonati, Leo, additional, Kim, Beom Joon, additional, Han, Moon-Ku, additional, Kang, Jihoon, additional, Ko, Eunbin, additional, Yang, Mi Hwa, additional, Jang, Myung Suk, additional, Murphy, Sean, additional, Carty, Fiona, additional, Akijian, Layan, additional, Thornton, John, additional, Schembri, Mark, additional, Douven, Elles, additional, Delgado-Mederos;, Raquel, additional, Marín, Rebeca, additional, Camps-Renom, Pol, additional, 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Hatice, additional, and Mitchell, John, additional

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2019
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45. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

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Dennis, Martin, primary, Mead, Gillian, additional, Forbes, John, additional, Graham, Catriona, additional, Hackett, Maree, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, House, Allan, additional, Lewis, Stephanie, additional, Lundström, Erik, additional, Sandercock, Peter, additional, Innes, Karen, additional, Williams, Carol, additional, Drever, Jonathan, additional, Mcgrath, Aileen, additional, Deary, Ann, additional, Fraser, Ruth, additional, Anderson, Rosemary, additional, Walker, Pauli, additional, Perry, David, additional, Mcgill, Connor, additional, Buchanan, David, additional, Chun, Yvonne, additional, Dinsmore, Lynn, additional, Maschauer, Emma, additional, Barugh, Amanda, additional, Mikhail, Shadia, additional, Blair, Gordon, additional, Hoeritzauer, Ingrid, additional, Scott, Maggie, additional, Fraser, Greig, additional, Lawrence, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Alison, additional, Williamson, Judith, additional, Burgess, David, additional, Macleod, Malcolm, additional, Morales, Dan, additional, Sullivan, Frank, additional, Brady, Marian, additional, French, Ray, additional, Van Wijck, Frederike, additional, Watkins, Caroline, additional, Proudfoot, Fiona, additional, Skwarski, Joanna, additional, Mcgowan, Diane, additional, Murphy, Rachael, additional, Burgess, Seona, additional, Rutherford, William, additional, Mccormick, Katrina, additional, Buchan, Ruaridh, additional, Macraild, Allan, additional, Paulton, Ruth, additional, Fazal, Adnan, additional, Taylor, Pat, additional, Parakramawansha, Ruwan, additional, Hunter, Neil, additional, Perry, Jack, additional, Bamford, John, additional, Waugh, Dean, additional, Veraque, Emelda, additional, Bedford, Caroline, additional, Kambafwile, Mary, additional, Idrovo, Luis, additional, Makawa, Linetty, additional, Smalley, Paula, additional, Randall, Marc, additional, Thirugnana-Chandran, Tharani, additional, Hassan, Ahamad, additional, Vowden, Richard, additional, Jackson, Joanne, additional, Bhalla, Ajay, additional, Rudd, Anthony, additional, Tam, Chi Kai, additional, Birns, Jonathan, additional, Gibbs, Charlotte, additional, Lee Carbon, Leonie, additional, Cattermole, Elizabeth, additional, Marks, Katherine, additional, Cape, Angela, additional, Hurley, Lisa, additional, Kullane, Sagal, additional, Smyth, Nigel, additional, Eglinton, Charlotte, additional, Wilson, Jennifer, additional, Giallombardo, Elio, additional, Frith, Angela, additional, Reidy, Paul, additional, Pitt, Matthew, additional, Sykes, Lucy, additional, Dellafera, Deborah, additional, Croome, Victoria, additional, Kerwood, Lauriane, additional, Hancevic, Mirea, additional, Narh, Christina, additional, Merritt, Carley, additional, Duffy, John, additional, Cooke, Duncan, additional, Willson, Juliet, additional, Ali, Ali, additional, Naqvi, Aaizza, additional, Kamara, Christine, additional, Bowler, Helen, additional, Bell, Simon, additional, Jackson, Tracy, additional, Harkness, Kirsty, additional, Stocks, Kathy, additional, Duty, Suzanna, additional, Doyle, Clare, additional, Dunn, Geoffrey, additional, Endean, Keith, additional, Claydon, Fiona, additional, Richards, Emma, additional, Howe, Jo, additional, Lindert, Ralf, additional, Majid, Arshad, additional, Dakin, Katy, additional, Maatouk, Ahmad, additional, Barron, Luke, additional, Meegada, Madana, additional, Rana, Pratap, additional, Nair, Anand, additional, Brighouse-Johnson, Christine, additional, Greig, Jill, additional, Kyu, Myint, additional, Prasad, Sanjeev, additional, Robinson, Matthew, additional, Alam, Irfan, additional, Mclean, Belinda, additional, Greenhalgh, Lindsay, additional, Ahmed, Zenab, additional, Roffe, Christine, additional, Brammer, Susan, additional, Beardmore, Carole, additional, Finney, Kay, additional, Barry, Adrian, additional, Hollinshead, Paul, additional, Grocott, Jeanette, additional, Maguire, Holly, additional, Natarajan, Indira, additional, Chembala, Jayan, additional, Sanyal, Ranjan, additional, Lijko, Sue, additional, Abano, Nenette, additional, Remegoso, Alda, additional, Ferdinand, Phillip, additional, Stevens, Stephanie, additional, Varquez, Resti, additional, Causley, Chelsea, additional, Butler, Adrian, additional, Whitmore, Philip, additional, Stephen, Caroline, additional, Carpio, Racquel, additional, Hiden, Joanne, additional, Muddegowda, Girish, additional, Denic, Hayley, additional, Sword, Jane, additional, Curwen, Ross, additional, James, Martin, additional, Mudd, Paul, additional, Hall, Fiona, additional, Cageao, Julie, additional, Keenan, Samantha, additional, Roughan, Caroline, additional, Kingwell, Hayley, additional, Hemsley, Anthony, additional, Lohan, Christoph, additional, Davenport, Sue, additional, Bowring, Angela, additional, Chapter, Tamika, additional, Hough, Max, additional, Strain, David, additional, Gupwell, Karin, additional, Miller, Keniesha, additional, Goff, Anita, additional, Cusack, Ellie, additional, Todd, Shirley, additional, Partridge, Rebecca, additional, Jennings, Georgiana, additional, Thorpe, Kevin, additional, Stephenson, Jacquelyn, additional, Littlewood, Kelly, additional, Barber, Mark, additional, Brodie, Fiona, additional, Marshall, Steven, additional, Esson, Derek, additional, Coburn, Irene, additional, Mcinnes, Caroline, additional, Ross, Fiona, additional, Bowie, Emma, additional, Barcroft, Heather, additional, Withers, Victoria, additional, Miller, Laura, additional, Willcoxson, Paul, additional, Donninson, Michelle, additional, Evans, Richard, additional, Daniel, Di, additional, Coyle, John, additional, Keeling, Michael, additional, Wanklyn, Peter, additional, Elliott, Mark, additional, Wightman, John, additional, Iveson, Elizabeth, additional, Dyer, Natasha, additional, Porteous, Anne-Marie, additional, Haritakis, Monica, additional, Ward, Mandy, additional, Doughty, Lucy, additional, Carr, Lisa, additional, O Neill, Mark, additional, Anazodo, Cosmas, additional, Wood, Paul, additional, Cottrell, Poppy, additional, Donne, Cheryl, additional, Rodriguez, Romina, additional, Mir, Ruhail, additional, Westmoreland, Jax, additional, Bell, Judith, additional, Emms, Christopher, additional, Wright, Lorraine, additional, Clark Brown, Pearl, additional, Bamford, Elizabeth, additional, Stanners, Andrew, additional, Carpenter, Mike, additional, Datta, Prabal, additional, Davey, Richard, additional, Needle, Ann, additional, Eastwood, Marjorie Jane, additional, Razik, Fathima Zeena, additional, Ghouri, Imran, additional, Bateman, Gavin, additional, Archer, Judy, additional, Balasubramanian, Venkatesh, additional, Bowers, Richard, additional, Ball, Julie, additional, Benton, Louise, additional, Jackson, Linda, additional, Ellam, Julie, additional, Norton, Kate, additional, Guyler, Paul, additional, Dowling, Terry, additional, Tysoe, Sharon, additional, Harman, Paula, additional, Kundu, Ashish, additional, Omodunbi, Ololade, additional, Loganathan, Thayalini, additional, Chandler, Stuart, additional, Noor, Shanas, additional, Siddiqui, Anwer, additional, Siddiqui, Amber, additional, Kunhunny, Swapna, additional, Sinha, Devesh, additional, Sheppard, Martin, additional, Rashmi, Sindhu, additional, France, Elena, additional, Orath Prabakaran, Rajalakshmi, additional, Wilson, Laura, additional, Ropun, Amiirah, additional, Kelavkar, Shyam, additional, Ng, Kheng Xiong, additional, Kamuriwo, Lucy, additional, Shah, Sweni, additional, Mangion, David, additional, Constantin, Camen, additional, De Michele Hock, Luigi, additional, Hardwick, Anne, additional, Borley, Jayne, additional, Markova, Skarlet, additional, Netherton, Kimberley, additional, Lawrence, Tara, additional, Fletcher, Jo, additional, Spencer, Rebecca, additional, Palmer, Helen, additional, Cullen, Claire, additional, Hamill, Dolores, additional, Durairaj, Ramesh, additional, Mellor, Zoe, additional, Fluskey, Tanya, additional, Wood, Diane, additional, Keeling, Alison, additional, Hankin, Victoria, additional, Peters, Jennifer, additional, Shackcloth, Daniela, additional, Hlaing, Thant, additional, Tangney, Rebecca, additional, Ewing, Jordan, additional, Harrison, Melanie, additional, Stevenson, Sarah, additional, Sutton, Victoria, additional, Soliman, Mohamed, additional, Hindle, Julia, additional, Watson, Elizabeth, additional, Hewitt, Claire, additional, Butler, Susie, additional, Wahishi, Ibrahim, additional, Arif, Sarwat, additional, Fields, Amy, additional, Sharma, Jagdish, additional, Brown, Rose, additional, Taylor, Caroline, additional, Bell, Sarah, additional, Leach, Simon, additional, Patterson, Chris, additional, Khan, Sophia, additional, Wilson, Helen, additional, Price, Joanne, additional, Ramadan, Hawraman, additional, Maguire, Stuart, additional, Bellfield, Ruth, additional, Hooley, Michaela, additional, Hamid, Umair, additional, Gaba, Waqar, additional, Ghulam, Robina, additional, Masters, Leslie, additional, Quinn, Outi, additional, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, additional, Tate, Margaret, additional, Mohammed, Niaz, additional, Bharaj, Kiranjit, additional, Justin, Frances, additional, Pattni, Rajan, additional, Alwis, Lanka, additional, Sethuraman, Sakthivel, additional, Robinson, Rianne, additional, Eldridge, Lianne, additional, Mintias, Susan, additional, Chauhan, Meena, additional, Tam, Chi-Kai, additional, Palmones, Jeremias, additional, Holmes, Clare, additional, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, additional, Osborn, Mairead, additional, Ball, Lindsay, additional, Caine, Sarah, additional, Steele, Amy, additional, Murphy, Peter, additional, Devitt, Nikki, additional, Leonard, Jayne, additional, Patel, Ronak, additional, Penwarden, Ian, additional, Dodd, Emily, additional, Holloway, Amy, additional, Baker, Pauline, additional, Clarke, Samantha, additional, Williams, Sandra, additional, Dow, Lindsey, additional, Wynn-Williams, Roland, additional, Kennedy, James, additional, Teal, Rachel, additional, Schulz, Ursula, additional, Ford, Gary, additional, Mathieson, Philip, additional, Reckless, Ian, additional, Deveciana, Ana, additional, Mccann, Paige, additional, Cluckie, Gillian, additional, Howell, Geoffrey, additional, Ayer, Jonathan, additional, Moynihan, Barry, additional, Ghatala, Rita, additional, Clarke, Brian, additional, Cloud, Geoffrey, additional, Patel, Bhavini, additional, Khan, Usman, additional, Al-Samarrai, Nia, additional, Trippier, Sarah, additional, Chopra, Neha, additional, Adedoyin, Temi, additional, Watson, Fran, additional, Jones, Val, additional, Zhang, Liqun, additional, Choy, Lillian, additional, Williams, Rebecca, additional, Clarke, Natasha, additional, Blight, Adrian, additional, Kennedy, Kate, additional, Dainty, Alice, additional, Selvarajah, Johann, additional, Kalladka, Dheeraj, additional, Cheripelli, Bharath, additional, Smith, Wilma, additional, Moreton, Fiona, additional, Welch, Angela, additional, Huang, Xuya, additional, Douglas, Elizabeth, additional, Lush, Audrey, additional, Day, Nicola, additional, El Tawil, Salwa, additional, Montgomery, Karen, additional, Hamilton, Helen, additional, Ritchie, Doreen, additional, Ramachandra, Sankaranarayanan, additional, Mcleish, Kirsty, additional, Thavanesan, Kamy, additional, Loganathan, Sathyabama, additional, Roberts, Josh, additional, Cox, Chantel, additional, Orr, Sarah, additional, Hogan, Alison, additional, Tiwari, Divya, additional, Hann, Gail, additional, Longland, Barbara, additional, David, Owen, additional, Bell, Jo, additional, Ovington, Catherine, additional, Rogers, Emily, additional, Bower, Rachel, additional, Keltos, Marketa, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Devine, Joseph, additional, Alwis, Lankantha, additional, Southworth, Lucy, additional, Burgess, Laura, additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Badiani, Bhavna, additional, Guo, Fenglin, additional, Oshodi, Anne, additional, Owoyele, Emmanuelle, additional, Epie, Norah, additional, David, Anette, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Bathula, Rajaram, additional, Abdul-Saheb, Mudhar, additional, Chamberlain, Angela, additional, Sudkeo, Varthi, additional, Rashed, Khalid, additional, Williams-Yesson, Barbara, additional, Board, Joanne, additional, De Bruijn, Sarah, additional, Buckley, Clare, additional, Board, Sarah, additional, Allison, Joanna, additional, Keeling, Elizabeth, additional, Duckett, Tracey, additional, Donaldson, Dave, additional, Vickers, Carinna, additional, Barron, Claire, additional, Balian, Linda, additional, Wilson, Jodhi, additional, Edwards, Adam, additional, England, Timothy, additional, Hedstrom, Amanda, additional, Bedford, Elizabeth, additional, Harper, Margaret, additional, Melikyan, Elina, additional, Abbott, Wendy, additional, Subramanian, Kashmira, additional, Goldsworthy, Marie, additional, Srinivasan, Meena, additional, Yeomans, Angela, additional, Donaldson, Denise, additional, Hurford, Frances, additional, Chapman, Riquella, additional, Shahzad, Sana, additional, Motherwell, Nicki, additional, Tonks, Louise, additional, Young, Rachel, additional, Ghani, Usman, additional, Mukherjee, Indranil, additional, Dutta, Dipankar, additional, Obaid, Mudhar, additional, Brown, Pauline, additional, Davis, Fiona, additional, Ward, Deborah, additional, Turfrey, Jennifer, additional, Cartwright, Bethan, additional, Topia, Bilal, additional, Spurway, Judith, additional, Collins, Kayleigh, additional, Bakawala, Rehana, additional, Hughes, Chloe, additional, Oconnell, Susan, additional, Hill, Linda, additional, Chatterjee, Kausik, additional, Webster, Tim, additional, Haider, Syed, additional, Rushworth, Pamela, additional, Macleod, Fiona, additional, Nallasivan, Arumugam, additional, Perkins, Charlotte, additional, Burns, Edel, additional, Leason, Sandra, additional, Carter, Tom, additional, Seagrave, Samantha, additional, Sami, Eman, additional, Armstrong, Lisa, additional, Naqvi, Syed Naseem, additional, Hassan, Muhammad, additional, Parkinson, Sharron, additional, Mawer, Samantha, additional, Darnbrook, Gillian, additional, Booth, Carl, additional, Hairsine, Brigid, additional, Smith, Matthew, additional, Williamson, Sue, additional, Farquhar, Fiona, additional, Esisi, Bernard, additional, Cassidy, Tim, additional, Mankin, Gavin, additional, Mcclelland, Beverley, additional, Bokhari, Maria, additional, Sproates, David, additional, Epstein, Elliot, additional, Hurdowar, Steve, additional, Blackburn, Ruth, additional, Sukhdeep, Nazran, additional, Razak, Saika, additional, Osman, Khalid, additional, Hashmi, Amina, additional, Upton, Natasha, additional, Harrington, Frances, additional, Courtauld, Gillian, additional, Schofield, Christine, additional, Lucas, Linda, additional, Adie, Katja, additional, Bond, Kirsty, additional, Mate, Abhijit, additional, Skewes, Jo, additional, James, Ali, additional, Brodie, Carolyn, additional, Johnson, Matthew, additional, Allsop, Linda, additional, Driver, Emma, additional, Harris, Karina, additional, Drake, Mark, additional, Ellis, Sam, additional, Maund, Bev, additional, Thomas, Emma, additional, Moore, Kimberley, additional, Burn, Matthew, additional, Hamilton, Adam, additional, Mahalingam, Shageetha, additional, Misra, Amulya, additional, Reid, Farrah, additional, Benford, Adrienne, additional, Hilton, Derek, additional, Hazell, Lorraine, additional, Ofori, Keziah, additional, Thomas, Anne Louise, additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Dayal, Sonia, additional, Burn, Iona, additional, Fotherby, Kenneth, additional, Jennings-Preece, Karla, additional, Willberry, Angela, additional, Morgan, Debbie, additional, Butler, Donna, additional, Sahota, Gurminder, additional, Kauldhar, Kelly, additional, Ahmad, Nasar, additional, Stevens, Angela, additional, Das, Saugata, additional, Bruce, David, additional, Pai, Yogish, additional, Nyo, Khin, additional, Stephenson, Lynsey, additional, Nendick, Richard, additional, Rogers, Gill, additional, Dhakal, Mahesh, additional, Dima, Sofia, additional, Brown, Ellen, additional, Clayton, Susan, additional, Gamble, Penny, additional, Naeem, Muhammad, additional, Hayman, Rachel, additional, Burnip, Rachel, additional, Earnshaw, Philip, additional, Hargroves, David, additional, Ransom, Barbara, additional, Rudenko, Hannah, additional, Balogun, Ibrahim, additional, Griffiths, Kirsty, additional, Mears, Kim, additional, Webb, Tom, additional, Cowie, Linda, additional, Hammond, Tessa, additional, Thomson, Audrey, additional, Ceccarelli, Daniela, additional, Chattha, Navraj, additional, Beranova, Eva, additional, Verrion, Anna, additional, Gillian, Andrew, additional, Schumacher, Natasha, additional, Bahk, Anna, additional, Walker, Susannah, additional, Cvoro, Vera, additional, Chapman, Nicola, additional, Pound, Susan, additional, Cain, Rebecca, additional, Mcauley, Sean, additional, Couser, Mandy, additional, Simpson, Maria, additional, Tachtatzis, Athan, additional, Ullah, Khalil, additional, Sims, Don, additional, Jones, Rachael, additional, Smith, Jonathan, additional, Tongue, Rebecca, additional, Willmot, Mark, additional, Sutton, Claire, additional, Littleton, Edward, additional, Khaira, Jattinder, additional, Maiden, Susan, additional, Cunningham, James, additional, Green, Carole, additional, Chin, Yin-May, additional, Bates, Michelle, additional, Ahlquist, Katherine, additional, Kane, Ingrid, additional, Breeds, Joanna, additional, Sargent, Tenesa, additional, Latter, Laura, additional, Pitt Ford, Alexandra, additional, Gainsborough, Nicola, additional, Levett, Tom, additional, Thompson, Philip, additional, Barbon, Emma, additional, Dunne, Angela, additional, Hervey, Simon, additional, Ragab, Suzanne, additional, Sandell, Tracy, additional, Dickson, Christine, additional, Dube, Judith, additional, Power, Sharon, additional, Evans, Nick, additional, Wadams, Beverley, additional, Elitova, Savina, additional, Aubrey, Beth, additional, Garcia, Tatiana, additional, Mcilmoyle, James, additional, Jeffs, Carol, additional, Dickinson, Christina, additional, Ahmed, Anis, additional, Kumar, Sanjeev, additional, Frudd, Julie, additional, Armer, Charlotte, additional, Potter, Andrew, additional, Donaldson, Stacey, additional, Howard, Joanne, additional, Jones, Kirsty, additional, Dhar, Saikat, additional, Collas, David, additional, Sundayi, Saul, additional, Denham, Lynn, additional, Oza, Deepali, additional, Walker, Elaine, additional, Bhandari, Mohit, additional, Ispoglou, Sissy, additional, Evans, Rachel, additional, Sharobeem, Kamel, additional, Walton, Elaine, additional, Shanu, Steven, additional, Hayes, Anne, additional, Howard-Brown, Jennifer, additional, Billingham, Steven, additional, Weir, Nic, additional, Pressly, Vanessa, additional, Wood, Emma, additional, Howard, Gabriella, additional, Burton, Holly, additional, Crawford, Pam, additional, Egerton, Shuna, additional, Evans, Sue, additional, Hakkak, Jasmine, additional, Andrews, Janet, additional, Lampard, Rebecca, additional, Allen, Christopher, additional, Walters, Ashleigh, additional, Said, Rasha, additional, Marigold, James Richard, additional, Tsang, Sau-Mon, additional, Creeden, Robyn, additional, Cox, Chloe, additional, Smith, Simon, additional, Gartrell, Imogen, additional, Smith, Fiona, additional, Jenkins, Colin, additional, Pryor, Joanna, additional, Hedges, Andrew, additional, Price, Fiona, additional, Moseley, Linda, additional, Mercer, Lily, additional, Hughes, Claire, additional, Azim, Abul, additional, White, Julie, additional, Krasinska-Chavez, Milena, additional, Chaplin, Shaun, additional, Curtis, James, additional, Singh, Deepwant, additional, Imam, Javed, additional, Nicolson, Anne, additional, Alam, Sajid, additional, Whitworth, Simon, additional, Wood, Lisa, additional, Warburton, Elizabeth, additional, Kelly, Siobhan, additional, Mcgee, Joanne, additional, Markus, Hugh, additional, Chandrasena, Denish, additional, Hayden, Derek, additional, Sesay, Juliana, additional, Hayhoe, Helen, additional, Bolton, Mark, additional, Macdonald, Jane, additional, Mitchell, Jenny, additional, Farron, Charlotte, additional, Amis, Elaine, additional, Day, Diana, additional, Culbert, Ainsley, additional, Espanol, Ailene, additional, Hannon, Niamh, additional, Handley, Dominic, additional, Finlay, Sarah, additional, Crisp, Sarah, additional, Whitehead, Lynne, additional, Francis, Jobbin, additional, Oconnell, Janice, additional, Osborne, Emily, additional, Beard, Rod, additional, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh, additional, Mokoena, Langanani, additional, Sattar, Naweed, additional, Myint, Min, additional, Edwards, Michelle, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Corrigan, Paul, additional, Byrne, Anthony, additional, Blackburn, Joanne, additional, Mcghee, Caroline, additional, Smart, Amanda, additional, Donaldson, Fiona, additional, Copeland, Claire, additional, Wilson, Jill, additional, Scott, Rhona, additional, Fitzsimmons, Paul, additional, Lopez, Paula, additional, Wilkinson, Mark, additional, Manoj, Aravindakshan, additional, Cox, 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Published
2019
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49. Enforcing Inbound Forum Selection Clauses in State Court.

Author

Coyle, John and Richardson, Katherine C.

Subjects
*FORUM selection clause, *STATE courts, *ACTIONS & defenses (Law), *PERSONAL jurisdiction, *LAW reform, *JURISDICTION
Abstract

A forum selection clause is a contractual provision that selects a court for future disputes. Such clauses serve two primary functions. First, they may be used to redirect litigation from one state to another (an "outbound" clause). Second, they may be used to extend the personal jurisdiction of the chosen court over the contracting parties (an "inbound" clause). To date, scholars have focused most of their attention on the redirecting function played by outbound clauses. In this Article, we provide a definitive account of the role played by inbound clauses as means of obtaining personal jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants. This account is based on our review of 283 published and unpublished state court cases where the defendant challenged the enforceability of an inbound forum selection clause. We show that state courts currently enforce inbound clauses in the overwhelming majority of cases. They enforce them in consumer contracts of adhesion. They enforce them where the identity of the chosen jurisdiction is not clearly spelled out. And they enforce them when the chosen forum is extremely inconvenient. The end result is a legal regime where distant courts routinely assert personal jurisdiction over weaker contracting parties on the basis of inbound forum selection clauses. This state of affairs is inequitable and unjust. To remedy the situation, this Article advances several proposals to reform the existing law in this area. First, we argue that courts should not enforce inbound clauses against unsophisticated actors in contracts of adhesion. Second, we argue that courts should not enforce these clauses when there is no way for the defendant to identify the chosen jurisdiction at the time of signing. Lastly, we argue that courts should not enforce these clauses when the chosen court is not in a reasonably convenient location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

50. The Case for Writing International Law into the U.S. Code

Author

Coyle, John F., Coyle, John F., Coyle, John F., and Coyle, John F.

Abstract

In recent years, the U.S. judiciary has taken steps to limit the role played by international law in the U.S. legal system. This Article seeks to explain this retreat and to identify ways by which it may be reversed. It argues first that the present judicial retreat from international law is attributable to two causes: judicial attitudes and judicial inexperience. Many judges have expressed some degree of ambivalence—occasionally rising to the level of hostility—about relying upon international law to provide a rule of decision. At the same time, many judges are largely unfamiliar with an ever-expanding array of international legal sources and methods. This Article contends that the end result of this combination of attitudes and inexperience is a pronounced reluctance among U.S. judges to give direct effect to certain types of international law. To date, many international legal scholars have responded to these developments by attempting to persuade the judiciary to rethink its basic approach to international law. This Article argues that a more promising approach would be to seek to persuade the other two branches of the federal government to enact domestic statutes that incorporate various international law rules. These statutory enactments would, among other things, enable the courts to ignore many of the doctrinal impediments that currently make it difficult for individuals to rely directly on international law as a source of rights. They would have a positive impact on the attitudes of skeptical judges. And they would help to alleviate the problem of judicial inexperience. With these goals in mind, the Article offers a number of practical suggestions as to how to draft statutes that incorporate international law so as to maximize the likelihood that such statutes—and the international law rules incorporated there-in—will be given their full effect by U.S. courts.

Published
2015

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