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5. Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses among Children and Adolescents following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination

Author

Levine, Min Z., primary, Martin, Judith M., additional, Gross, F. Liaini, additional, Jefferson, Stacie, additional, Cole, Kelly Stefano, additional, Archibald, Crystal Ann, additional, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, additional, Susick, Michael, additional, Moehling, Krissy, additional, Spencer, Sarah, additional, Chung, Jessie R., additional, Flannery, Brendan, additional, and Zimmerman, Richard K., additional

Published
2016
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12. Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in Children During a Vaccine Mismatch Season.

Author

Jin Hyang Kim, Mishina, Margarita, Chung, Jessie R., Cole, Kelly Stefano, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Martin, Judith M., Spencer, Sarah, Flannery, Brendan, Zimmerman, Richard K., Sambhara, Suryaprakash, and Kim, Jin Hyang

Subjects
IMMUNITY, IMMUNOLOGY, AGGLUTINATION, CELLULAR immunity, COMPLEMENT inhibition
Abstract

Background: Emergence of antigenically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses resulted in reduced vaccine effectiveness in all age groups during the 2014-2015 influenza season. In children, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) elicited neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against drifted strains at significantly lower levels than against the vaccine strain. Little is known about the cross-reactivity of cell-mediated immunity against drifted strains in children.Methods: Children aged 3-17 years (n = 48) received IIV during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, collected before (on day 0) and after (on days 7 and 21) vaccination were evaluated for induction of cross-reactive plasmablasts, memory B cells, and cytokine-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells against the vaccine and drifted A(H3N2) viruses by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay and flow cytometry.Results: IIV increased frequencies of plasmablasts and memory B cells. The overall induction of the T-cell response was not significant. Both B-cell and T-cell responses showed significant cross-reactivity against A(H3N2) viruses. Age and preexisting immunity affected virus-specific plasmablast responses and fold-change of T-cell responses, respectively. The proportion of T-helper type 1-prone (ie, interferon γ- or tumor necrosis factor α-secreting) CD4(+) T cell responses also increased with age.Conclusions: In children aged 3-17 years, B- and T-cell responses following IIV receipt showed significant cross-reactivity against A(H3N2) viruses during a vaccine mismatch season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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