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30. Acid modification of lignocellulosic derived material for dye and heavy metals removal: A review.

Author

Akindolie, M. S. and Choi, H. J.

Subjects
HEAVY metals, LIGNOCELLULOSE, BASIC dyes, POLLUTANTS, SULFURIC acid, ADSORPTION capacity
Abstract

Researchers have tested Lignocellulose derived material (LDMs) from different sources ranging from agricultural to wood in order to facilitate the adsorption of chemical contaminants, such as heavy metals and dyes from water bodies, to eradicate water contamination. However, different methods have been employed to modify the nature of the LDMs to enable their suitability for contaminants removal. Among all these methods, acid modification of LDMs has gained a lot of attention. This review focused on the use of acid modification LDMs for the removal of anionic and cationic dyes, and heavy metals in water. The characteracerization techniques employed in studying the morphology and functional groups of the LDMs were discussed. The adsorption dynamics and mechanisms of reported studies were extensively summarized. The reported adsorption capacity of unmodified LDMs in the available liturature is in the range of 4.44–156.00 mg/g while for the modified is between 80.05–250.01 mg/g for dye removal. The adsorption capacity of modified LDMs reported was 1.60–18.03 times higher than the unmodified because of additional functional groups such as -SO3 from sulphuric acid modification. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this method were pulled together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Evaluation of the influence of physical and chemical parameters on water radiolysis simulations under MeV electron irradiation using Geant4-DNA.

Author

Shin, W.-G., Ramos-Mendez, J., Faddegon, B., Tran, H. N., Villagrasa, C., Perrot, Y., Okada, S., Karamitros, M., Emfietzoglou, D., Kyriakou, I., Bordage, M. C., Sakata, D., Guatelli, S., Choi, H. J., Min, C. H., Lee, S. B., and Incerti, S.

Subjects
MONTE Carlo method, RADIOLYSIS, ELECTRONS, ELECTRON scattering, IRRADIATION, WATER
Abstract

This paper presents the influence of electron elastic scattering models, electron thermalization models, and chemical parameters on Geant4-DNA simulations of liquid water radiolysis under mega-electron-volt electron irradiation. The radiochemical yields are simulated using a new Geant4-DNA example. In particular, the influence of the new elastic scattering model recently developed is presented as well as the influence of improved electron thermalization models. The influence of a new chemistry constructor using parameters of another Monte Carlo track structure code is also described. The results calculated using these different models are compared with each other and with experimental data. For sub-mega-electron-volt electron simulations, the combination of the "G4EmDNAPhysics_option2" physics constructor with the recently developed elastic scattering model, the Meesungnoen electron thermalization model, and the "G4EmDNAChemistry_option1" chemistry constructor is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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36. The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Author

El Bairi, K., Haynes, H. R., Blackley, E., Fineberg, S., Shear, J., Turner, S., de Freitas, J. R., Sur, D., Amendola, L. C., Gharib, M., Kallala, A., Arun, I., Azmoudeh-Ardalan, F., Fujimoto, L., Sua, L. F., Liu, S. -W., Lien, H. -C., Kirtani, P., Balancin, M., El Attar, H., Guleria, P., Yang, W., Shash, E., Chen, I. -C., Bautista, V., Do Prado Moura, J. F., Rapoport, B. L., Castaneda, C., Spengler, E., Acosta-Haab, G., Frahm, I., Sanchez, J., Castillo, M., Bouchmaa, N., Md Zin, R. R., Shui, R., Onyuma, T., Husain, Z., Willard-Gallo, K., Coosemans, A., Perez, E. A., Provenzano, E., Ericsson, P. G., Richardet, E., Mehrotra, R., Sarancone, S., Ehinger, A., Rimm, D. L., Bartlett, J. M. S., Viale, G., Denkert, C., Hida, A. I., Sotiriou, C., Loibl, S., Hewitt, S. M., Badve, S., Symmans, W. F., Kim, R. S., Pruneri, G., Goel, S., Francis, P. A., Inurrigarro, G., Yamaguchi, R., Garcia-Rivello, H., Horlings, H., Afqir, S., Salgado, R., Adams, S., Kok, M., Dieci, M. V., Michiels, S., Demaria, S., Loi, S., Schelfhout, V., Arbzadeh, E., Bondanar, A., Reyes, S. A. G., Ruz, J. R., Kang, J., Xiang, L., Zimovjanova, M., Togores, P., Ozturk, T., Patil, A., Corpa, M., Whitehouse, A., Tan, B., de Paula, A., Rossetti, C., Lang-Schwarz, C., Mahon, S., Giacometti, C., Linderholm, B., Deman, F., Montagna, G., Gong, G., Pavcovich, M., Chaer, Y., Cabrero, I. A., de Brito, M. L., Ilieva, N., Fulop, A., Souza, M., Bilancia, D., Idowu, M., Johri, R., Szpor, J., Bachani, L., Schmitt, F., Giannotti, M., Kurebayashi, Y., Ramirez, B. E. A., Salido, E., Bortesi, L., Bonetto, S., Elomina, K., Lopez, P., Sharma, V., Edirisinghe, A., Mathur, D., Sahay, A., Mouloud, M. A., Giang, C. H., Mukolwe, E., Kiruka, E., Samberg, N., Abe, N., Brown, M., Millar, E., X. B., Li, Yuan, Z., Pasupathy, A., Miele, R., Luff, R., e Porfirio, M. M. A., Ajemba, O., Soni, R., Orvieto, E., Dimaio, M., Thomas, J., Merard, R., Subramaniam, M. M., Apolinario, T., Preda, O., Preda, R., Makanga, A., Maior, M. S., Li, L., Saghatchian, M., Saurine, T., Janssen, E., Cochran, J., Vlada, N., Cappellesso, R., Elfer, K., Hollick, M., Desai, S., Oner, G., Schreurs, A., Liu, S., Perera, R., Mercurio, P., Garcia, F., Hosny, K., Matsumoto, H., van Deurzen, C., Bianchini, G., Coban, I., Jahangir, A., Rahman, A., Stover, D., Luz, P., Martel, A., Waumans, Y., Stenzinger, A., Cortes, J., Dimitrova, P., Nauwelaers, I., Velasco, M., Fan, F., Akturk, G., Firer, M., Roxanis, I., Schneck, M., Wen, H., Cockenpot, V., Konstantinov, A., Calatrava, A., Vidya, M. N., Choi, H. J., Jank, P., Ciinen, A. H., Sabanathan, D., Floris, G., Hoeflmayer, D., Hamada, T., Laudus, N., Grigoriadis, A., Porcellato, I., Acs, B., Miglietta, F., Parrodi, J., Clunie, D., Calhoun, B., F. -I., Lu, Lefevre, A., Tabbarah, S., Tran, W., Garcia-murillas, I., Jelinic, P., Boeckx, C., Souza, S., Cebollero, M. C., Felip, E., Rendon, J. L. S., El Gabry, E., Saltz, J., Bria, E., Garufi, G., Hartman, J., Sebastian, M., Olofsson, H., Kooreman, L., Cucherousset, J., Mathieu, M. -C., Ballesteros-Merino, C., Siziopikou, P., Fong, J., Klein, M., Qulis, I. R. I., Wesseling, J., Bellolio, E., Araya, J. C., Naber, S., Cheang, M., Castellano, I., Ales, A., Laenkholm, A. -V., Kulka, J., Quinn, C., Sapino, A., Amendoeira, I., Marchio, C., Braybrooke, J., Vincent-Salomon, A., Korski, K. P., Sofopoulos, M., Stovgaard, E. I. S., Bianchi, S., Bago-Horvath, Z., Yu, C., Regitnig, P., Hall, S., Kos, Z., Sant, S., Tille, J. -C., Gallas, B., Bethmann, D., Savas, P., Mendes, L., Soler, T., van Seijen, M., Gruosso, T., Quintana, A., Giltnane, J., Van den Eynden, G., Duregon, E., de Cabo, R., Recamo, P. C., Gaboury, L., Zimmerman, J., Pop, C. S., Wernicke, A., Williams, D., Gill, A., Solomon, B., Thapa, B., Farshid, G., Gilham, L., Christie, M., O'Toole, S., Hendry, S., Fox, S. B., Luen, S. J., Lakhani, S. R., Fuchs, T., John, T., Brcic, I., Hainfellner, J., Sigurd, L., Preusser, M., Poortmans, P., Decaluwe, A., Carey, C., Colpaert, C., Larsimont, D., Peeters, D., Broeckx, G., van de Vijver, K., Buisseret, L., Dirix, L., Hertoghs, M., Piccart, M., Ignatiadis, M., Van Bockstal, M., Sirtaine, N., Vermeulen, P., de Wind, R., Declercq, S., Gevaert, T., Haibe-Kans, B., Nelson, B. H., Watson, P. H., Leung, S., Nielsen, T., Shi, L., Balslev, E., Thagaard, J., Almangush, A., Makitie, A., Joensuu, H., Lundin, J., Drubay, D., Roblin, E., Andre, F., Penault-Llorca, F., Lemonnier, J., Adam, J., Lacroix-Triki, M., Ternes, N., Radosevic-Robin, N., Klaushen, F., Weber, K., Harbeck, N., Gluz, O., Wienert, S., Cserni, G., Vingiani, A., Criscitiello, C., Solinas, C., Curigliano, G., Konishi, E., Suzuki, E., Yoshikawa, K., Kawaguchi, K., Takada, M., Toi, M., Ishida, M., Shibata, N., Saji, S., Kogawa, T., Sakatani, T., Okamoto, T., Moriya, T., Kataoka, T., Shimoi, T., Sugie, T., Mukohara, T., Shu, Y., Kikawa, Y., Kozuka, Y., Sayed, S., Rahayu, R., Ramsaroop, R., Senkus-Konefka, E., Chmielik, E., Cardoso, F., Ribeiro, J., Chan, J., Dent, R., Martin, M., Hagen, C., Guerrero, A., Rojo, F., Comerma, L., Nuciforo, P., Serrano, V. V., Camaea, V. P., Steenbruggen, T., Ciompi, F., Nederlof, I., Jan, Hudecek, van der Laak, J., van den Berg, J., Voorwerk, L., van de Vijver, M., de Maaker, M., Linn, S., Mckenzie, H., Somaiah, N., Tutt, A., Swanton, C., Hiley, C., Moore, D. A., Hall, J. A., Le Quesne, J., Jabbar, K. A., al Bakir, M., Hills, R., Irshad, S., Yuan, Y., Li, Z., Liu, M., Klein, J., Fadare, O., Thompson, A., Lazar, A. J., Gown, A., Lo, A., Garrido Castro, A. C., Madabhushi, A., Moreira, A., Richardson, A., Beck, A. H., Bellizzi, A. M., Wolff, A., Harbhajanka, A., Sharma, A., Cimino-Mathews, A., Srinivasan, A., Singh, B., Chennubhotla, C. S., Chauhan, C., Dillon, D. A., Zardavas, D., Johnson, D. B., Thompson, A. E., Brogi, E., Reisenbichler, E., Huang, E., Hirsch, F. R., Mcarthur, H., Ziai, J., Brock, J., Kerner, J., Zha, J., Lennerz, J. K., Carter, J. M., Reis-Filho, J., Sparano, J., Balko, J. M., Pogue-Geile, K., Steele, K. E., Blenman, K. R. M., Allison, K. H., Pusztai, L., Cooper, L., Estrada, V. M., Flowers, M., Robson, M., Rebelatto, M. C., Hanna, M. G., Goetz, M. P., Khojasteh, M., Sanders, M. E., Regan, M. M., Misialek, M., Amgad, M., Tung, N., Singh, R., Huang, R., Pierce, R. H., Leon-Ferre, R., Swain, S., Ely, S., Kim, S. -R., Bedri, S., Paik, S., Schnitt, S., D'Alfons, T., Kurkure, U., Bossuyt, V., Tong, W., Wang, Y., Dos Anjos, C. H., Gaire, F., Van Diest, P. J., El Bairi, Khalid [0000-0002-8414-4145], de Freitas, Juliana Ribeiro [0000-0003-4978-7273], Sur, Daniel [0000-0002-0926-4614], Amendola, Luis Claudio [0000-0002-6404-450X], Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid [0000-0003-4701-0532], Kirtani, Pawan [0000-0002-2343-7016], Yang, Wenxian [0000-0002-5349-9680], Castillo, Miluska [0000-0002-0111-3176], Provenzano, Elena [0000-0003-3345-3965], Mehrotra, Ravi [0000-0001-9453-1408], Ehinger, Anna [0000-0001-9225-7396], Rimm, David L [0000-0001-5820-4397], Bartlett, John MS [0000-0002-0347-3888], Denkert, Carsten [0000-0002-2249-0982], Hida, Akira I [0000-0002-4486-8819], Sotiriou, Christos [0000-0002-5745-9977], Hewitt, Stephen M [0000-0001-8283-1788], Badve, Sunil [0000-0001-8861-9980], Symmans, William Fraser [0000-0002-1526-184X], Goel, Shom [0000-0001-8329-9084], Francis, Prudence A [0000-0002-7207-9286], Horlings, Hugo [0000-0003-4782-8828], Salgado, Roberto [0000-0002-1110-3801], Demaria, Sandra [0000-0003-4426-0499], Loi, Sherene [0000-0001-6137-9171], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'anatomie pathologique, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), and UNICANCER

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], TRASTUZUMAB, Improved survival, MICROENVIRONMENT, Review Article, SUBTYPES, NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology (medical), TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES, Stage (cooking), RC254-282, Chemical Biology & High Throughput, 0303 health sciences, Human Biology & Physiology, Genome Integrity & Repair, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, ASSOCIATION, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biomarker (medicine), Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Genetics & Genomics, medicine.medical_specialty, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, Predictive markers, 03 medical and health sciences, Signalling & Oncogenes, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, 692/53/2423, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, 030304 developmental biology, Computational & Systems Biology, Science & Technology, IDENTIFICATION, business.industry, review-article, Cancer, 03.01. Általános orvostudomány, Immunotherapy, Tumour Biology, medicine.disease, PREDICTIVE-VALUE, 692/4028/67/1347, Programmed death 1, business, FREE SURVIVAL
Abstract

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC. ispartof: NPJ BREAST CANCER vol:7 issue:1 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2021
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37. Serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: a multinational study of 2622 patients under the auspices of the International Association of Pancreatology and European Pancreatic Club (European Study Group on Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas)

Author

Jais, B, Rebours, V, Malleo, G, Salvia, R, Fontana, M, Maggino, L, Bassi, C, Manfredi, R, Moran, R, Lennon, A M, Zaheer, A, Wolfgang, C, Hruban, R, Marchegiani, G, Fernández Del Castillo, C, Brugge, W, Ha, Y, Kim, M H, Oh, D, Hirai, I, Kimura, W, Jang, J Y, Kim, S W, Jung, W, Kang, H, Song, S Y, Kang, C M, Lee, W J, Crippa, S, Falconi, M, Gomatos, I, Neoptolemos, J, Milanetto, A C, Sperti, C, Ricci, C, Casadei, R, Bissolati, M, Balzano, G, Frigerio, I, Girelli, R, Delhaye, M, Bernier, B, Wang, H, Jang, K T, Song, D H, Huggett, M T, Oppong, K W, Pererva, L, Kopchak, K V, Del Chiaro, M, Segersvard, R, Lee, L S, Conwell, D, Osvaldt, A, Campos, V, Aguero Garcete, G, Napoleon, B, Matsumoto, I, Shinzeki, M, Bolado, F, Fernandez, J M Urman, Keane, M G, Pereira, S P, Acuna, I Araujo, Vaquero, E C, Angiolini, M R, Zerbi, A, Tang, J, Leong, R W, Faccinetto, A, Morana, G, Petrone, M C, Arcidiacono, P G, Moon, J H, Choi, H J, Gill, R S, Pavey, D, Ouaïssi, M, Sastre, B, Spandre, M, De Angelis, C G, Rios-Vives, M A, Concepcion-Martin, M, Ikeura, T, Okazaki, K, Frulloni, L, Messina, O, and Lévy, P

Published
2016
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45. Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19

Author

Bousquet, J. Czarlewski, W. Zuberbier, T. Mullol, J. Blain, H. Cristol, J.-P. De La Torre, R. Pizarro Lozano, N. Le Moing, V. Bedbrook, A. Agache, I. Akdis, C.A. Canonica, G.W. Cruz, A.A. Fiocchi, A. Fonseca, J.A. Fonseca, S. Gemicioǧlu, B. Haahtela, T. Iaccarino, G. Ivancevich, J.C. Jutel, M. Klimek, L. Kraxner, H. Kuna, P. Larenas-Linnemann, D.E. Martineau, A. Melén, E. Okamoto, Y. Papadopoulos, N.G. Pfaar, O. Regateiro, F.S. Reynes, J. Rolland, Y. Rouadi, P.W. Samolinski, B. Sheikh, A. Toppila-Salmi, S. Valiulis, A. Choi, H.-J. Kim, H.J. Anto, J.M.

Subjects
nervous system, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, food and beverages, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

In this article, we propose that differences in COVID-19 morbidity may be associated with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and/or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation as well as desensitization. TRPA1 and TRPV1 induce inflammation and play a key role in the physiology of almost all organs. They may augment sensory or vagal nerve discharges to evoke pain and several symptoms of COVID-19, including cough, nasal obstruction, vomiting, diarrhea, and, at least partly, sudden and severe loss of smell and taste. TRPA1 can be activated by reactive oxygen species and may therefore be up-regulated in COVID-19. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels can be activated by pungent compounds including many nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) (Nrf2)-interacting foods leading to channel desensitization. Interactions between Nrf2-associated nutrients and TRPA1/TRPV1 may be partly responsible for the severity of some of the COVID-19 symptoms. The regulation by Nrf2 of TRPA1/TRPV1 is still unclear, but suggested from very limited clinical evidence. In COVID-19, it is proposed that rapid desensitization of TRAP1/TRPV1 by some ingredients in foods could reduce symptom severity and provide new therapeutic strategies. © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Published
2021

46. Sludge Reduction and Biogas Recovery in Anaerobic Co-Digestion Using Acidogenic Fermented Fish By-Products with Ligno-Cellulose Materials

Author

Choi, H.-J.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Fishery by-products and ligno-cellulose-based corn stalks were mixed and fermented under anaerobic conditions to obtain acidogenic fermented fishery broth (AFB).The sewage sludge andAFB were mixed in various ratios (7:3 (SF2), 5:5 (SF3) and 3:7 (SF4)) to observe sludge reduction and biogas production in the anaerobic co-digestion process.According to the kinetics analysis, the reaction delay timeof samples in which AFB was mixed sewage sludge in the anaerobic co-digestion process was shortened. In particular, the mixing ratio of 5:5 had the shortest reaction delay time, indicating that the reaction for sludge reduction and biogas production started the fastest compared to other samples.The sludge reduction efficiency of anaerobic tank used as a control showed the lowest removal efficiency of 39.16% VS,25.30% TSand 30.41% COD, whereas SF3 showed the highest removal efficiency of 87.60% VS,77.91% TS and 83.6% COD. In addition, cumulative biogas production was found to be 1365.12, 1593.58 and 835.91 mL/m3 for SF2, SF3 and SF4, respectively, and 2-3 times more than than of the control (411.93 mL/m3). Comprehensive analysis of the above results showed that AFB had a favorable effect on sludge reduction and biogas production in the anaerobic co-digestion process. The anaerobic co-digestion process with AFB is very efficient as it can simultaneously treat fishery waste and produce energy., Proceedings of the 29th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 26-29 April 2021, Online, pp. 497-502

Published
2021
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47. Spices to Control COVID-19 Symptoms: Yes, but Not Only

Author

Bousquet, J. Czarlewski, W. Zuberbier, T. Mullol, J. Blain, H. Cristol, J.-P. De La Torre, R. Le Moing, V. Lozano, N.P. Bedbrook, A. Agache, I. Akdis, C.A. Canonica, G.W. Cruz, A.A. Fiocchi, A. Fonseca, J.A. Fonseca, S. Gemicioǧlu, B. Haahtela, T. Iaccarino, G. Ivancevich, J.C. Jutel, M. Klimek, L. Kuna, P. Larenas-Linnemann, D.E. Melén, E. Okamoto, Y. Papadopoulos, N.G. Pfaar, O. Reynes, J. Rolland, Y. Rouadi, P.W. Samolinski, B. Sheikh, A. Toppila-Salmi, S. Valiulis, A. Choi, H.-J. Kim, H.J. Anto, J.M.

Abstract

There are large country variations in COVID-19 death rates that may be partly explained by diet. Many countries with low COVID-19 death rates have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented vegetables such as cabbage and, in some continents, various spices. Fermented vegetables and spices are agonists of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and spices are transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and vanillin 1 (TRPA1/V1) agonists. These mechanisms may explain many COVID-19 symptoms and severity. It appears that there is a synergy between Nrf2 and TRPA1/V1 foods that may explain the role of diet in COVID-19. One of the mechanisms of COVID-19 appears to be an oxygen species (ROS)-mediated process in synergy with TRP channels, modulated by Nrf2 pathways. Spicy foods are likely to desensitize TRP channels and act in synergy with exogenous antioxidants that activate the Nrf2 pathway. © 2020

Published
2021

48. Regional and annual patterns in respiratory virus co-infection etiologies and antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Author

SUNG, M., CHOI, H.-J., LEE, M.-H., LEE, J.-Y., KIM, H.-B., AHN, Y.-M., KIM, J.-K., KIM, H.-Y., JUNG, S.-S., KIM, M., KANG, E.-K., YANG, E.-A., LEE, S.-J., PARK, Y., SEO, J.-H., LEE, E., YANG, E.-S., PARK, K.-S., SHIN, M., and CHUNG, H.-L.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) pneumonia is the second-most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed at investigating into the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) with respiratory virus co-infection and the antibiotic prescriptions in children with CAP in four provinces in Korea, and to assess the variations in the findings across regions and throughout the year. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in 29 hospitals in Korea between July 2018 and June 2020. Among the enrolled 1,063 children with CAP, all 451 patients with M. pneumoniae underwent PCR assays of M. pneumoniae and respiratory viruses, and the presence of point mutations of residues 2063 and 2064 was evaluated. RESULTS: Gwangju-Honam (88.6%) showed the highest prevalence of MRMP pneumonia, while Daejeon-Chungcheong (71.3%) showed the lowest, although the differences in prevalence were not significant (p=0.074). Co-infection of M. pneumoniae pneumonia and respiratory virus was observed in 206 patients (45.4%), and rhinovirus co-infection (101 children; 22.2%) was the most frequent. The prevalence of MRMP pneumonia with respiratory virus co-infection and the antibiotic prescriptions differed significantly among the four provinces (p < 0.05). The monthly rate of MRMP pneumonia cases among all cases of M. pneumoniae pneumonia and tetracycline or quinolone prescriptions did not differ significantly among the four regions (trend p > 0.05) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia with virus co-infection and antibiotic prescriptions could differ according to region, although the MRMP pneumonia rate showed no difference within Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

49. Novel EEG sensor-based risk framework for the detection of insider threats in safety critical industrial infrastructure

Author

Al Hammadi, A., Lee, D., Yeun, C.Y., Damiani, E., Kim, S.-k., Yoo, Paul D., and Choi, H.-j.

Subjects
csis
Abstract

The loss or compromise of any safety critical industrial infrastructure can seriously impact the confidentiality, integrity, or delivery of essential services. Research has shown that such threats often come from malicious insiders. To this end, survey- and electrocardiogram-based approaches were suggested to identify these insiders; however, these approaches cannot effectively detect or predict any malicious insiders. Recently, electroencephalograms (EEGs) have been suggested as a potential alternative to detect these potential threats. Threat detection using EEG would be highly reliable as it overcomes the limitations of the previous methods. This study proposes a proof of concept for a system wherein a model trained using a deep learning algorithm is employed to evaluate EEG signals to detect insider threats; this algorithm can classify different mental states based on four category risk matrices. In particular, it analyses brainwave signals using long short-term memory (LSTM) designed to remember previous mental states of each insider and compare them with the current brain state for associated risk-level classification. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we perform a comparative analysis using logistic regression (LR)—a predictive analysis used to describe the relationship between one dependent binary variable and one or more independent variables—on the same dataset. The experiment results suggest that LSTM can achieve a classification accuracy of more than 80% compared to LR, which yields a classification accuracy of approximately 51%.

Published
2020

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