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Autofluorescence imaging is gaining popularity as an adjunctive test for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). This study evaluated the efficacy of autofluorescence imaging based on the current standard oral mucosal disorder checklist in Taiwan. In total, 126 patients suspected to have mucosal disorders at the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, were enrolled. Following a conventional oral examination by using the oral mucosal disorder checklist and an autofluorescence imaging examination, all participants underwent histopathological examination to access epithelial dysplasia. Among 126 patients, 68 patients were diagnosis as having an OPMD and 63 having epithelial dysplasia. Autofluorescence imaging exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, positivity predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of 77.94%, 35.42%, 63.10%, 53.13%, and 60.34%, respectively, for OPMD and of 88.89%, 43.86%, 63.64%, 78.13%, and 67.50%, respectively, for epithelial dysplasia. After the exclusion of 48 non-OPMD cases according to the checklist, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of autofluorescence imaging became 87.50%, 72.73%, 94.23%, 53.33%, and 85.07%, respectively, for epithelial dysplasia. The efficacy of epithelial dysplasia identification and OPMD risk assessment can be increased after the exclusion of the non-OPMD cases through autofluorescence imaging. Autofluorescence imaging is a useful adjunct that can assist specialists in assessing OPMD patients prone to dysplasia without compromising patient care.

Background: Biological and prognostic roles of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) remain unclear in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The controversies role of tumor microenvironmental IFN-γ, pivotal roles in host responses to malignant cells, in oral cancer growth and PD-L1 expression was under-investigated. We examined the mechanism of PD-L1 regulation with focus on interferon gamma in vitro and in clinical samples. Triptolide is the bioactive compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, which has been reported exhibit anti‑inflammatory and antitumor activities. Moreover, we investigated whether TPL affected suppression of PD-L1 is involved in its anti-cancer activity. Methods: The PD-L1 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 135 tissues samples. We analysed the production of IFN-γ at oral cancer cell by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. IFN-ϒ on oral cancer cell proliferation were examined. We investigated the anticancer of the TPL on human oral cancer by targeted PD-L1 in vitro and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models. Findings: PD-L1 overexpression was significant in the tumor site of oral cancer (P < .01). IFN-γ driven the PD-L1 expression oral cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The TPL inhibits tumor growth in oral cancer PDTX model with suppressing the PD-L1 expression. The TPL also suppresses the oral cancer cell PD-L1 expression in an interferon-gamma microenvironment. Interpretation: Our results provide evidence for clinical development of PD-L1 targeting therapy in OSCC treatment in future. Funding Statement: This study was supported by research grants from Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China (grants Nos. TSGH-C106-004- 006-008-S05, TSGH-C107-008-S06, TSGH-C108-007-008-S06), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China (grants No. MOST 105- 2314-MAB-106-090). Declaration of Interests: All authors have completed the disclosure forms and declare that: no support, financial or otherwise, has been received from any organization that may have an interest in the submitted work; and there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Ethics Approval Statement: The experiments were conducted according to the ethical guidelines of the institutional review board (TSGH-2-102-05-111) of the National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan.

Biological and prognostic roles of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain unclear in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, the pivotal role of tumor microenvironmental interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in host responses to malignant cells, oral cancer growth, and PD-L1 expression has not been adequately studied. Thus, PD-L1 expression in 130 OSCC samples was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, which was found significantly overexpressed at the tumor site (P

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently found malignant tumor of the oral cavity, and the annual death rate of OSCC patients has been increasing rapidly among the Taiwanese population. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate if poor nutrition is a potential adverse prognostic factor in patients with OSCC. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 322 patients with OSCC who underwent therapeutic surgical treatment in Taiwan. The pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and serum uric acid and albumin levels were measured as common indicators of the nutritional status, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox regression model. Results: The optimal cut-off values were 24.0 kg/m[2], 5.05 mg/dL, and 3.85 g/dL for BMI, serum uric acid, and serum albumin, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated lower BMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.557, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.070–2.265; P = 0.021), lower serum uric acid (HR = 1.857, 95% CI: 1.265–2.724; P = 0.002), and lower serum albumin (HR = 2.011, 95% CI: 1.278–3.163; P = 0.003) as independent and significant prognosticators of OS. Advanced stage, depth of invasion of more than 5 mm, and extranodal extension were prognostic predictors of poor OS. Conclusion: A lower preoperative BMI and lower serum uric acid and albumin levels are predictors of significantly worse survival among OSCC patients. Maintaining a healthy nutritional status is crucial to improving the survival of patients with oral cancer. The treatment for patients with poor nutritional status should be more aggressive and cautious.