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With the global population on the rise, an escalating interest exists in environmentally sustainable and friendly protein sources. Insects have emerged as multifaceted resources, viewed not only as potential food items, but also as sources of traditional medicines and proteins. This study utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to ascertain the optimal extraction conditions for proteins from Musca domestica used in toad feeding, denoted as MDPs-T. The yield of MDPs-T was elevated to 18.3% ± 0.2% under these optimized conditions. Subsequently, the particle size, ζ-potentials, and structures of MDPs-T were analyzed and compared with the proteins derived from Musca domestica fed on a normal diet (MDPs-ND). This comparative analysis utilized a range of advanced techniques, involving UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The outcomes have revealed a marginal disparity in the physical and chemical properties between MDPs-T and MDPs-ND. Derosination led to a reduction in the particle size of the MDPs by 10.98% to 62.81%. MDPs-T exhibited a higher proportion of low-molecular-weight components relative to MDPs-ND. Additionally, in a comparative analysis of amino acids, MDPs-T displayed a greater abundance of essential and total amino acids relative to MDPs-ND. Consequently, MDPs-T holds potential as a valuable food supplement for human consumption or as a nutrient-rich feed supplement for animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A Hamiltonian‐based methodology is presented to study the fracture behaviors of the thermo‐viscoelastic materials based on the Laplace transform. The governing equations and associated boundary conditions are rebuilt in a Hamiltonian form by using the symplectic mathematics in the frequency domain (s‐domain). The fundamental unknown vector composed of both displacements and stresses variables is expanded in terms of the symplectic eigensolutions. The corresponding unknown coefficients of the symplectic series are determined from the outer boundary conditions. Thus, the main unknowns are obtained and transformed into the time domain (t‐domain). The fracture parameters including stress intensity factors (SIFs) and J‐integrals are derived simultaneously. Numerical examples as well as convergence studies are given and are found to be in good agreement with the ANSYS results. A parametric study of thermo‐viscoelastic parameters is included also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]