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Yue Liu, Shi Qi Xie, Xia Yang, Jing Lan Chen, Jian Rong Zhou School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jian Rong Zhou; Shi Qi Xie, School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-135 0830 0955 ; +86-156 0833 2043, Fax +86-23-63555767, Email 202028@cqmu.edu.cn; xie47@cqmu.edu.cnPurpose: The clinical presentation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children is insidious and harmful. Early identification of children with OSA, particularly those at a higher risk for severe symptoms, is essential for making informed clinical decisions and improving long-term outcomes. Therefore, we developed and validated a risk prediction model for severity in Chinese children with OSA to effectively identify children with moderate-to-severe OSA in a clinical setting.Patients and Methods: From June 2023 to September 2023, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 367 Children diagnosed with OSA through portable bedside polysomnography (PSG). Predictor variables were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression techniques to construct nomogram to predict the severity of OSA. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to determine the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the nomogram.Results: A total of 367 children with a median age of 84 months were included in this study. Neck circumference, ANB, gender, learning problem, and level of obstruction were identified as independent risk factors for moderate-severe OSA. The consistency indices of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.841 and 0.75, respectively. The nomogram demonstrated a strong concordance between the predicted probabilities and the observed probabilities for children diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA. With threshold probabilities ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, the predictive model demonstrated strong predictive efficacy and yielded improved net benefit for clinical decision-making. ROC analysis was employed to classify the children into high and low-risk groups, utilizing the Optimal Cutoff value of 0.39.Conclusion: A predictive model using LASSO regression was developed and validated for children with varying levels of OSA. This model identifies children at risk of developing OSA at an early stage.Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, children, cephalometric, prediction nomogram, risk prediction model

Yuanyuan Jiang,1 Shan Jiang,1,2 Qing Long,1 Jundi Yang,1,3 Jyu-Lin Chen,4 Jia Guo1 1Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USACorrespondence: Jia Guo, Tel +86 13875947418, Email guojia621@163.comBackground: Women in rural areas of China face the unique risk of developing diabetes, but data on the glycemic status among women without prior diabetes diagnosis in rural areas are lacking which may limit the decision-making for diabetes screening or prevention. This study was aimed to describe the glycemic status of women determined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and explore its associating factors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women without prior diabetes diagnosis from two counties of rural areas in Central South China from July to October 2018. On the basis of the life course framework, data on socio-demographic, environmental health, genetic, biological (blood pressure, weight and height, lipids), psychosocial, and healthy behavioral factors were collected on site either through questionnaires or field measurements. The questionnaires included social-demographic sheet, Perceived Stress Scale, Self-efficacy scales for health-related diet and exercise behaviors, and Chinese Diabetes Risk Questionnaire. Generalized linear model analysis was performed to determine the associating factors of glycemic status, which was measured by HbA1c level.Results: A total of 647 women were included in the study. The median age of women was 51.00 years (range 35– 65 years). The median HbA1c level was 5.1% (interquartile range 4.6%-5.5%, range 4– 13.6%), and 8.7% (n=56) of women were identified as elevated glycemic status (HbA1c> 6%). Environmental health factors (eg, living in less-developed county [β=0.206, p=0.027]), biological factors (eg, higher body mass index [β=0.201, p=0.036], higher total cholesterol [β=0.097, p=0.040], history of gestational diabetes mellitus [β=0.722, p< 0.001]), and psychosocial factors (eg, higher perceived stress [β=0.247, p=0.002]) were associated with higher HbA1c level.Conclusion: This study reported 8.7% of elevated glycemic status among women without prior diabetes diagnosis in rural Hunan Province, China. After a comprehensive investigation based on a theoretical framework, living in a less-developed county of rural areas, having larger body mass index, higher total cholesterol, higher perceived stress, and a gestational diabetes mellitus history were identified as associating factors of higher HbA1c level. Professional support regarding weight control, blood lipid control, stress management, and the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus should be recommended among this population, especially for women from less-developed counties.Keywords: women, rural areas, glycemic status, hemoglobin A1c, associating factors, survey

Carl PC Chen,1 Chih-Chin Hsu,2 Chih-Hsiu Cheng,3 Shu-Chun Huang,1 Jean-Lon Chen,1 Shin-Yi Lin1 1Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; 2Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; 3School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCorrespondence: Carl PC ChenDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Hsin Street, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanTel +886-909396196Fax +886-3-3281320Email carlchendr@gmail.comBackground: To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) and changes in body positioning have any correlation with the distance from the pleura to the inferior trunk of the supraclavicular brachial plexus.Patients and Methods: Twenty stroke patients with upper limb spasticity and complex regional pain syndrome were recruited for this study. Distance from the pleura to the inferior trunk was measured in the supine position, body turned sideways at 45 °, and in the lateral decubitus position. Correlations between BMI and measured distances in these body positions were evaluated. A linear musculoskeletal ultrasound transducer was used to conduct these distance measurements.Results: The distance from the pleura to the inferior trunk in the supine position was calculated to have an average of 0.42 ± 0.06 cm (D1), 0.44 ± 0.05 (D2) when lying sideways at 45 °, and 0.87 ± 0.08 cm (D3) in the lateral decubitus position. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences when comparing D3 with D1, and D3 with D2 (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between BMI and D1 (Spearman’s rho = 0.62, p = 0.004, two-tailed), and between BMI and D2 (Spearman’s rho = 0.61, p = 0.005, two-tailed). The strongest positive correlation was observed between BMI and D3 (Spearman’s rho = 0.78, p < 0.001, two-tailed).Discussion: In the lateral decubitus body position, the distance from the pleura to the inferior trunk increased significantly by 2-fold and was positively correlated with BMI. The increased distance may improve the safety of the nerve block procedure. As a result, it is recommended that patients be placed in the lateral decubitus body position when performing ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block of the inferior trunk.Keywords: body mass index, ultrasound-guided, brachial plexus, nerve block, inferior trunk, lateral decubitus, corner pocket, complex regional pain syndrome

Cai RD, Zhang CC, Xie LL, et al. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:12011–12020. The Editor and Publisher of Cancer Management and Research wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised over the flow cytometry data presented in the article and over alleged image duplication in Figures 2F, 3F and 6C, specifically: Figure 2F panel KNS-81 si-NC appears to show duplication with regions from panel KALS-1 si-NC. Figure 2F panel KNS-81 SNHG1 appears to show duplication with regions from panel KALS-1 SNHG1. Figure 3C panel KALS-1 miR-NC appears to show duplication with regions from Figure 6C panel KNS-81 si-NC. The authors responded to our queries but were unable to provide a satisfactory reason for the alleged duplication and were unable to provide any original data for their study. The Editor advised for the paper to be retracted. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. This retraction relates to this paper

Si-jun Liu,1,* Cong Yang,2,* Yue Zhang,2,* Ru-yu Su,2 Jun-li Chen,2 Meng-meng Jiao,2 Hui-fang Chen,2 Na Zheng,2 Si Luo,2 Yun-bo Chen,2 Shi-jian Quan,1 Qi Wang21School of Chinese Materia Medica, 2Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAim: β-asarone, an active component of Acori graminei rhizome, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease. As the underlying mechanism is not known, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of β-asarone in an APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model and in NG108 cells.Materials and methods: APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic male mice were randomly assigned to a model group, β-asarone treatment groups (21.2, 42.4, or 84.8 mg/kg/d), or donepezil treatment group (2 mg/kg/d). Donepezil treatment was a positive control, and background- and age-matched wild-type B6 mice were an external control group. β-asarone (95.6% purity) was dissolved in 0.8% Tween 80 and administered by gavage once daily for 2.5 months. Control and model animals received an equal volume of vehicle. After 2.5 months of treatment, behavior of all animals was evaluated in a Morris water maze. Expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and glutamatergic receptor 1 (G1uR1) in the hippocampus and cortex of the double transgenic mice was assayed by Western blotting. The antagonistic effects of β-asarone against amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) were investigated in vitro in the NG108-15 cell line. After 24 hours of incubation, cells were treated with 10 µm Aβ with or without β-asarone at different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, or 25 µM) for an additional 36 hours. The cytotoxicity of β-asarone was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay of cell viability, and cell morphology was evaluated by bright-field microscopy after 24 hours of treatment. The expression of SYP and GluR1 in cells was detected by Western blot assay in the hippocampus and brain cortex tissues of mice.Results: β-asarone at a high dose reduced escape latency and upregulated SYP and GluR1 expression at both medium and high doses. Cell morphology evaluation showed that β-asarone treatment did not result in obvious cell surface spots and cytoplasmic granularity. β-asarone had a dose-dependent effect on cell proliferation.Conclusion: β-asarone antagonized the Aβ neurotoxicity in vivo, improved the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice, and increased the expression of SYP and GluR1 both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, β-asarone may be a potential drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Keywords: neuroprotective effect, β-asarone, synaptic plasticity, synaptophysin, glutamatergic receptor 1

Chin-Pang Lee,1,2 Yu Chen,2–4 Kun-Hao Jiang,2,4,5 Chun-Lin Chu,1,2,4 Shih-Chieh Hsu,1,2,4 Jiun-Liang Chen,2,4,5 Ching-Yen Chen1,2,41Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; 2Men’s Health Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; 4School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan; 5Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, TaiwanIntroduction: The Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire is widely used to screen for late-onset hypogonadism. The positive response to the ADAM questionnaire (positive ADAM) has been associated with depression and poorer quality of life in a number of studies. It is unclear whether there is any value of the ADAM questionnaire in psychiatric populations. In this study, we aimed to determine the utility of the ADAM questionnaire in a convenient sample of male psychiatric outpatients.Methods: One hundred and seventy-six men (mean age: 54.3 years; standard deviation: 10.7 years; range: 40–80 years) completed the ADAM questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale. Anxiety was defined as a HADS anxiety subscore ≥8; depression as a HADS depression subscore ≥8; and moderate/severe impairment of health-related quality of life (HQoL) as AMS ≥37. ADAM, anxiety, and depression was used to model the moderate/severe impairment of HQoL.Results: One hundred and sixty-four (93%) men had positive ADAM. Positive ADAM was associated with a lower body mass index (P0.05). Positive ADAM was associated with five symptoms of the AMS scale: “decline of one’s feeling of general well-being”, “depressive mood”, and three sexual symptoms. In regression analysis, positive ADAM was associated with increased risk of moderate/severe impairment of HQoL (unadjusted odds ratio 20.1, 95% confidence interval 3.77–372, P

Chun-Lin Chu,1–3 Yu Chen,1,3,4 Kun-Hao Jiang,1,3,5 Jiun-Liang Chen,1,3,5 Chin-Pang Lee,1–3 Yeuk-Lun Chau,1,2 Ching-Yen Chen1–3 1Men’s Health Center, 2Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 3School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 4Department of Urology, 5Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan Introduction: Symptoms of depression in males, such as aggression and irritability, are different from those in females. However, there are no adequate scales for detecting possible diagnoses in the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to assess whether the Chinese version of the Gotland Male Depression Scale (CV-GMDS) could identify male depression as effectively as the English version. Materials and methods: A total of 231 male outpatients were sampled from a men’s health polyclinic. We used questionnaires to evaluate the characteristics and mood status of participants, including the CV-GMDS, the Chinese version of the Beck Depressive Inventory II (CV-BDI-II), and the Chinese version of the Aging Males’ Symptoms (CV-AMS) scale. Cronbach’s α-coefficient and Levene’s test were used to investigate internal consistency and homogeneity, respectively. External validity was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. A factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the conceptual structure of the CV-GMDS, and a regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of the CV-AMS scale with the CV-GMDS and CV-BDI-II. Results: The mean age of the 231 participants was 46.1 years (standard deviation 11.0). Of the participants, 36.8% (n=85) were found to have depression according to the CV-GMDS and 34.6% (n=80) according to the CV-BDI-II. The internal consistency of the CV-GMDS was demonstrated by a Cronbach’s α of 0.933, and the test of homogeneity revealed a P-value of 0.762. The external validity for the CV-GDMS and CV-BDI-II was demonstrated by an intercorrelation of 0.835. The third and fourth items of the GMDS differed from the others, and the CV-GMDS showed a better relationship (R2=0.616) with the CV-AMS scale than the CV-BDI-II did. Conclusion: The CV-GMDS is a satisfactory and suitable psychometric questionnaire for detecting depression among a Chinese-speaking middle-aged or older male population. The results of this study could be used as a basis for investigating specific male depression and aging symptoms. Keywords: male depression, validation, utilization, Gotland Male Depression Scale, Aging Males’ Symptoms scale

Electrochemical conversion of small molecules such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) to high-value multi-carbon products (C2+) offers a chemical upgrade approach for fuels and chemical feedstock production using renewable energy, in the possible absence of the petrochemical industry under the new energy system such as hydrogen economy. Identifying robust and efficient electrocatalysts to selectively produce C2+ products remains a challenge. Herein, we report a synthetic strategy of atomically dispersing copper atoms on nitrogen-rich porous carbon (Cu–N–C) through pyrolysis of a supramolecular assembly. Benefitting from the unsaturated coordination structure, in KOH electrolyte, the Cu–N–C with a Cu content of 6.9 wt% exhibits a maximum acetate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 30% with an acetate partial current density as high as 48 mA cm−2 in electrochemical CO reduction. Different from the C–C coupling mechanism on metallic copper, we propose a CO insertion mechanism for the acetate production on the single site copper catalyst.

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine self-rated health (SRH) of Middle Eastern immigrants in the US compared with US-born non-Hispanic whites and to examine factors associated with fair/poor SRH among Middle Eastern immigrants in the US.Study designWe used a cross-sectional design to analyze the National Health Interview Survey from 2001 to 2015.MethodsSecondary survey analysis procedures were conducted using the SAS program, with a total of 3,966 Middle Eastern and 731,285 US-born non-Hispanic whites. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used.ResultsMiddle Eastern immigrants had significantly higher rates of fair/poor SRH than US-born whites across the three survey waves. Reporting symptoms of serious psychological distress, older age (60+ years), current alcohol-drinking status, and having a family member with disability were the factors associated significantly with higher odds of reporting fair/poor SRH in Middle Eastern immigrants, whereas education was a protecting factor of fair/poor SRH.ConclusionsThis study indicates that Middle Eastern immigrants are one of the US immigrant populations that report poor health status, which reveals the need for health policy attention to reduce health disparities.

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine self-rated health (SRH) of Middle Eastern immigrants in the US compared with US-born non-Hispanic whites and to examine factors associated with fair/poor SRH among Middle Eastern immigrants in the US.Study designWe used a cross-sectional design to analyze the National Health Interview Survey from 2001 to 2015.MethodsSecondary survey analysis procedures were conducted using the SAS program, with a total of 3,966 Middle Eastern and 731,285 US-born non-Hispanic whites. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used.ResultsMiddle Eastern immigrants had significantly higher rates of fair/poor SRH than US-born whites across the three survey waves. Reporting symptoms of serious psychological distress, older age (60+ years), current alcohol-drinking status, and having a family member with disability were the factors associated significantly with higher odds of reporting fair/poor SRH in Middle Eastern immigrants, whereas education was a protecting factor of fair/poor SRH.ConclusionsThis study indicates that Middle Eastern immigrants are one of the US immigrant populations that report poor health status, which reveals the need for health policy attention to reduce health disparities.

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

Background: Most ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poor outcomes and a relatively low 5-year survival rate. While tumor resection in the early stages can be highly effective, recurrence following primary treatment remains a significant cause of mortality. Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent in cancer resection surgery. Previous research has shown that propofol anesthesia was associated with improved survival in patients undergoing elective surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the underlying antitumor mechanisms are not yet fully understood., Methods: This study aimed to uncover the antitumor properties of propofol alone and combined with cisplatin or doxorubicin, in human SKOV3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells. We applied flowcytometry analysis for mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and autophagy, colony formation, migration, and western blotting analysis., Results: Given that chemotherapy is a primary clinical approach for managing advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, it is essential to address the limitations of current chemotherapy, particularly in the use of cisplatin and doxorubicin, which are often constrained by their side effects and the development of resistance. First of all, propofol acted synergistically with cisplatin and doxorubicin in SKOV3 cells. Moreover, our data further showed that propofol suppressed colony formation, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced apoptosis and autophagy in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Finally, the effects of combined propofol with cisplatin or doxorubicin on mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were different in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells, depending on the p53 status., Conclusion: In summary, repurposing propofol could provide novel insights into the existing chemotherapy strategies for ovarian cancer. It holds promise for overcoming resistance to cisplatin or doxorubicin and may potentially reduce the required chemotherapy dosages and associated side effects, thus improving treatment outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Acid mine drainage (AMD) raises a global environmental concern impacting the iron cycle. Although the formation of Fe(III) minerals in AMD-impacted waters has previously been reported to be regulated by biological processes, the role of abiotic processes remains largely unknown. This study first reported that a photochemical reaction coupled with O 2 significantly accelerated the formation of Fe(III) flocculates (i.e., schwertmannite) in the AMD, as evidenced by the comparison of samples from contaminated sites across different natural conditions at latitudes 24-29° N. Combined with experimental and modeling results, it is further discovered that the intramolecular oxidation of photogenerated Fe(II) with a five-coordinative pyramidal configuration (i.e., [(H 2 O) 5 Fe] 2+ ) by O 2 was the key in enhancing the photooxidation of Fe(II) in the simulated AMD. The in situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, solvent substitution, and quantum yield analyses indicated that, acting as a precursor for flocculation, [(H 2 O) 5 Fe] 2+ likely originated from both the dissolved and colloidal forms of Fe(III) through homogeneous and surface ligand-to-metal charge transfers. Density functional theory calculations and X-ray absorption spectroscopy results further suggested that the specific oxidation pathways of Fe(II) produced the highly reactive iron species and triggered the hydrolysis and formation of transient dihydroxo dimers. The proposed new pathways of Fe cycle are crucial in controlling the mobility of heavy metal anions in acidic waters and enhance the understanding of complicated iron biochemistry that is related to the fate of contaminants and nutrients.

Electrochemical approaches for generating hydrogen from water splitting can be more promising if the challenges in the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be harnessed. The interface heterostructure materials offer strong electronic coupling and appropriate charge transport at the interface regions, promoting accessible active sites to prompt kinetics and optimize the adsorption-desorption of active species. Herein, we have designed an efficient multi-interface-engineered Ni 3 Fe 1 LDH/Ni 3 S 2 /TW heterostructure on in situ generated titanate web layers from the titanium foam. The synergistic effects of the multi-interface heterostructure caused the exposure of rich interfacial electronic coupling, fast reaction kinetics, and enhanced accessible site activity and site populations. The as-prepared electrocatalyst demonstrates outstanding OER activity, demanding a low overpotential of 220 mV at a high current density of 100 mA cm -2 . Similarly, the designed Ni 3 Fe 1 LDH/Ni 3 S 2 /TW electrocatalyst exhibits a low Tafel slope of 43.2 mV dec -1 and excellent stability for 100 h of operation, suggesting rapid kinetics and good structural stability. Also, the electrocatalyst shows a low overpotential of 260 mV at 100 mA cm -2 for HER activity. Moreover, the integrated electrocatalyst exhibits an incredible OER activity in simulated seawater with an overpotential of 370 mV at 100 mA cm -2 and stability for 100 h of operation, indicating good OER selectivity. This work might benefit further fabricating effective and stable self-sustained electrocatalysts for water splitting in large-scale applications.

eEF2K, an atypical alpha-kinase, is responsible for regulating protein synthesis and energy homeostasis. Aberrant eEF2K function has been linked to various human cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, limited cellular activity of current eEF2K modulators impedes their clinical application. Based on the 2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2 H ,4 H )-dione scaffold of our hits I4 and C1 , structure-activity relationship analysis led to the discovery of several more active derivatives (e.g., 19 , 34 , and 36 ) in inhibiting the viability of TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Moreover, the most potent compound 36 significantly suppresses the viability, proliferation, and migration of both MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cell lines. Mechanistically, compound 36 has a high binding affinity for the eEF2K protein and effectively induces its degradation. Additionally, 36 exerts a comparable tumor-suppressive effect to paclitaxel in an MDA-MB-231 cell xenograft mouse model with no obvious toxicity, demonstrating that compound 36 could be developed as a potential novel therapeutic for TNBC treatment.

Background: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to compare gait characteristics between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with low-risk oral frailty (OF) and high-risk OF, particularly during dual-task walking (DTW); (2) to investigate the association of OF, the gait characteristics of DTW, and falls among older adults patients with CSVD., Methods: A total of 126 hospitalized patients diagnosed with CSVD were recruited and classified into a low-risk group (n = 90) and a high-risk group (n = 36) based on OF status in our study. Comprehensive data pertaining to basic parameters (cadence, as well as stride time, velocity and length), variability, asymmetry, and coordination were gathered during both single-task walking (STW) and DTW. Additionally, the number of falls was calculated. Subsequently, t-test or chi-squared test was used for comparison between the two groups. Furthermore, linear regression analysis was employed to elucidate the association of the OF index-8 score and gait parameters during cognitive DTW. Also, logistic regression models were utilized to assess the independent association of OF risk and falls., Results: During cognitive DTW, the high-risk group demonstrated inferior performance in terms of basic parameters (p < 0.01), coefficient of variation (CV) of velocity and stride length (p < 0.05), as well as phase coordination index (PCI) when compared with the low-risk group (p < 0.05). Notably, differences in basic gait parameters were observed in cognitive DTW and STW conditions between the two groups (p < 0.01). However, only the high-risk group evinced significant variations in CV and PCI during cognitive DTW, as opposed to those during STW (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our findings also revealed the association of OF, the gait characteristics of cognitive DTW, (p < 0.01) and falls (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: CSVD patients with a high risk of OF need to pay more attention to their gait variability or coordination. Also, they are recommended to undergo training involving dual-task activities while walking in daily life, thereby reducing the deterioration and mitigating the risk of falls. Besides, this study has confirmed an association of OF and DTW gait as well as falls in patients with CSVD., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: microRNA-328 has been reported as a risk factor for myopia development. SHJ002 is an antisense for microRNA-328, and SHJ002 was formulated as ophthalmic solution for a novel microRNA therapy. We aimed to investigate the safety and tolerability of SHJ002 ophthalmic solution in children., Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, first-in-human trial in healthy children (NCT04928144). All subjects received the study medication. The trial had 2 stages. Stage 1 was an intrasubject dose-escalation study, and stage 2 was the highest tolerable dose study. The SHJ002 ophthalmic solution was instilled in a randomly selected study eye in each participant, whereas the other untreated eye served as a negative control. Three participants were assigned to stage 1, and they received eye drops of 3 concentrations (0.025%, 0.08%, and 0.25%), each of which was used for 3 consecutive days. The highest tolerable dose from stage 1 was used in stage 2 where another 9 participants were recruited for 28-day treatment. Ocular assessments, physical examination, and vital signs were measured to evaluate safety and tolerability., Findings: There were 4 boys and 8 girls with a mean age of 12.3 years and a SD of 1.56. All participants were Asians. All 3 concentrations used in stage 1 were well tolerated, and the dose of 0.25% was used in stage 2. There were no reports of discomfort. There was only 1 mild adverse event (punctate keratitis) in the untreated eye in 1 participant, which was deemed as "unrelated to study drug.", Implications: SHJ002 is a novel microRNA therapy that uses eye drop instillation. SHJ002 ophthalmic solution is generally safe and tolerable, which warrants further investigations in Phase II and III trials., Clinicaltrials: gov identifier: NCT04928144., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest C.-L. Liang and S.-H.H. Juo are the authors for the patent of anti-miR-328 oligonucleotides and the founders and stockholders of Sunhawk Vision Biotech, Inc. The authors have indicated that they have no other conflicts of interest regarding the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is a key cause of preterm birth and represents a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Natural products N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc), which are basic building blocks of important polysaccharides in biological cells or tissues, such as chitin, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, may improve possible effects of wound healing., Methods: An in vitro inflammation and oxidative stress model was constructed using tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) action on WISH cells. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) were primarily cultured by digestion to construct a wound model. The effects of GalNAc on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress, migration and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/hyaluronic acid (HA) production, and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in hAECs and WISH cells were analyzed using the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, ELISA, CCK-8, scratch, transwell migration, and western blot to determine the mechanism by which GalNAc promotes amniotic wound healing., Results: GalNAc decreased IL-6 expression in TNF-α-stimulated WISH cells and ROS expression in LPS-stimulated WISH cells (P < 0.05). GalNAc promoted the expression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. GalNAc promoted the migration of hAECs (50% vs. 80%) and WISH cells through the Akt signaling pathway, EMT reached the point of promoting fetal membrane healing, and GalNAc did not affect the activity of hAECs and WISH cells (P > 0.05). GalNAc upregulated the expression of sGAG in WISH cells (P < 0.05) but did not affect HA levels (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: GalNAc might be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PROM through the galectin pathway, including (i) inflammation; (ii) epithelial-mesenchymal transition; (iii) proliferation and migration; and (iv) regression, remodeling, and healing., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose of Review: To discuss available premium intraocular lenses (IOLs), patient selection, and important considerations for each premium IOL., Recent Findings: We review important topics and considerations for premium IOL selection: specifically, toric, extended depth of focus (EDOF), multifocal/trifocal, light adjustable lenses (LALs), and small aperture IOLs. Toric lenses are an excellent option for patients with astigmatism. However, to achieve optimal patient satisfaction, it is critical to account for the ATR astigmatism contribution from the posterior cornea and high angle alphas. Additionally, examining the ocular surface prior to placement of EDOF/multifocal IOLs is important, yet the significance of HOAs on outcomes after implantation still must be elucidated more. Finally, recent studies reveal that the small aperture lens is a good alternative for those with corneal irregularities, and second generation LALs are a great option to achieve target refractions in those with less predictable refractive outcomes, such as in Fuchs' dystrophy or in eyes with previous refractive surgery., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chemerin is an adipokine that contributes to metabolism regulation. Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the first relay station in the brain for accepting various visceral afferent activities for regulating cardiovascular activity. However, the roles of chemerin in the NTS in regulating sympathetic activity and blood pressure are almost unknown. This study aimed to determine the role and potential mechanism of chemerin in the NTS in modulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Bilateral NTS microinjections were performed in anaesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded. Chemerin and its receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) were highly expressed in caudal NTS (cNTS). Microinjection of chemerin-9 to the cNTS increased RSNA, MAP and HR, which were prevented by CMKLR1 antagonist α-NETA, superoxide scavenger tempol or N-acetyl cysteine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium or apocynin. Chemerin-9 increased superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in the cNTS. The increased superoxide production induced by chemerin-9 was inhibited by α-NETA. The effects of cNTS microinjection of chemerin-9 on the RSNA, MAP and HR were attenuated by the pretreatment with paraventricular nucleus (PVN) microinjection of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 rather than AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX. These results indicate that chemerin-9 in the NTS increases sympathetic outflow, blood pressure and HR via CMKLR1-mediated NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent superoxide production in anaesthetized normotensive rats. Glutamatergic inputs in the PVN are needed for the chemerin-9-induced responses., (© 2024 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Spinal stenosis (SS) is frequently caused by spinal ligament abnormalities, such as ossification and hypertrophy, which narrow the spinal canal and compress the spinal cord or nerve roots, leading to myelopathy or sciatic symptoms; however, the underlying pathological mechanism is poorly understood, hampering the development of effective nonsurgical treatments. Our study aims to investigate the role of co-expression hub genes in patients with spinal ligament ossification and hypertrophy. To achieve this, we conducted an integrated analysis by combining RNA-seq data of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and microarray profiles of hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (HLF), consistently pinpointing CTSD as an upregulated hub gene in both OPLL and HLF. Subsequent RT-qPCR and IHC assessments confirmed the heightened expression of CTSD in human OPLL, ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF), and HLF samples. We observed an increase in CTSD expression in human PLL and LF primary cells during osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by western blotting (WB). To assess CTSD's impact on osteogenic differentiation, we manipulated its expression levels in human PLL and LF primary cells using siRNAs and lentivirus, as demonstrated by WB, ALP staining, and ARS. Our findings showed that suppressing CTSD hindered the osteogenic differentiation potential of PLL and LF cells, while overexpressing CTSD activated osteogenic differentiation. These findings identify CTSD as a potential therapeutic target for treating spinal stenosis associated with spinal ligament abnormalities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: As hypertensive heart disease (HHD) presents a significant public health challenge globally, we analysed its global, regional, and national burdens and trends from 1990 to 2019., Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, focussing on the age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPRs) of HHD prevalence, age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and risk factor attributions. We compared the HHD burden across sociodemographic index (SDI) strata, gender, age groups, and 204 countries and territories., Results: In 2019, the global prevalence of HHD was estimated at 18 598 thousand cases, with DALYs reaching 21 508 thousand. From 1990 to 2019, the ASPRs increased (AAPC = 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17, 0.24), while the age-standardised DALY rates decreased (AAPC = -0.45; 95% CI = -1.23, -0.93). We observed the highest increase in ASPRs in high-middle SDI quantile countries, and an overall negative correlation between age-standardised DALY rates and SDI. Individuals above 70 years of age were the most affected, particularly elderly women. There has been a significant increase in HHD burden attributed to high body mass index (BMI) since 1990. The burden of HHD is concentrated in the middle SDI quintile, with population ageing and growth being major drivers for the increase in DALYs. We identified opportunities for reducing age-standardised DALY rates in the middle SDI quintile or lower., Conclusion: Despite a declining trend in the age-standardised DALY rates, the ASPRs of HHD continue to rise, especially in high-middle SDI regions. Meanwhile, countries in middle and lower SDI quintiles face a higher burden of age-standardised DALY rates. Targeted attention towards elderly women and controlling high BMI, alongside enhancing hypertension and HHD management awareness, is crucial for reducing the global burden of HHD., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

Morel-Lavallee lesions are uncommon injuries and there is a lack of data to support what the most effective management is. In the case of a young athlete with a small lesion, we propose that conservative treatment with rest and close follow up is appropriate., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

RNA repeat expansions fold into stable structures and cause microsatellite diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). The trinucleotide expansion of r(CAG), or r(CAG) exp , causes both HD and SCA3, and the RNA's toxicity has been traced to its translation into polyglutamine (polyQ; HD) as well as aberrant pre-mRNA alternative splicing (SCA3 and HD). Previously, a small molecule, 1 , was discovered that binds to r(CAG) exp and rescues aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in patient-derived fibroblasts by freeing proteins bound to the repeats. Here, we report the structures of single r(CAG) repeat motif (5'CAG/3'GAC where the underlined adenosines form a 1×1 nucleotide internal loop) in complex with 1 and two other small molecules via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with simulated annealing. Compound 2 was designed based on the structure of 1 bound to the RNA while 3 was selected as a diverse chemical scaffold. The three complexes, although adopting different 3D binding pockets upon ligand binding, are stabilized by a combination of stacking interactions with the internal loop's closing GC base pairs, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed with NMR-derived restraints show that the RNA is stretched and bent upon ligand binding with significant changes in propeller-twist and opening. Compound 3 has a distinct mode of binding by insertion into the helix, displacing one of the loop nucleotides into the major groove and affording a rod-like shape binding pocket. In contrast, 1 and 2 are groove binders. A series of single molecule magnetic force spectroscopy studies provide a mechanistic explanation for how bioactive compounds might rescue disease-associated cellular phenotypes., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): M.D.D. is a founder of Expansion Therapeutics.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is a major challenge for cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association of MetS and CVD among adult cancer patients., Methods: This cross-sectional study included cancer patients aged > 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. The prevalence of MetS and CVD was calculated using weighted analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between MetS and CVD., Results: The study included 2658 adult cancer patients, of whom 1260 exhibited MetS and 636 had CVD. The weighted prevalence of MetS and CVD in cancer patients was 45.44%, and 19.23%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed a 79% increased risk in higher CVD prevalence in cancer patients with MetS, with the OR (95% CI) of 1.79 (1.31, 2.44). Notably, obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), high glucose, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the MetS components were significantly associated with higher CVD prevalence after adjusting for covariates. Moreover, the risk of CVD prevalence in cancer patients increased with more MetS components. Notably, MetS was more strongly linked to CVD in patients aged < 65 and women., Conclusions: Among adult cancer patients, over two-fifths (45.44%) were estimated to have MetS, while about one-fifth (19.23%) were considered to have CVD. Notably, obesity, elevated BP, high glucose, low HDL-C, and higher number of MetS components were found to be significantly associated with higher CVD prevalence among cancer adults. Cancer patients under 65 and women with MetS may be at increased risk of CVD., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Many annotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contain small open reading frames (sORFs), some of which have been demonstrated to encode small proteins or micropeptides with fundamental biological importance. However, functions of lncRNAs-encoded small proteins or micropeptides in viral pathogenesis remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified a 110-amino acid small protein as a key regulator of influenza A virus (IAV) replication. This small protein that we call PESP was encoded by the putative lncRNA PCBP1-AS1. It was observed that both PCBP1-AS1 and PESP were significantly upregulated by IAV infection. Furthermore, they were markedly induced by treatment with either type I or type III interferon. Overexpression of either PCBP1-AS1 or PESP alone significantly enhanced IAV replication. In contrast, shRNA-mediated knockdown of PCBP1-AS1 or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PESP markedly inhibited the viral production. Moreover, the targeted deletion or mutation of the sORF within the PCBP1-AS1 transcript, which resulted in the disruption of PESP expression, significantly diminished the capacity of PCBP1-AS1 to enhance IAV replication, underscoring the indispensable role of PESP in the facilitation of IAV replication by PCBP1-AS1. Interestingly, overexpression of PESP enhanced the IAV-induced autophagy by increasing the expression of ATG7, an essential autophagy effector enzyme. We also found that the 7-22 amino acids at the N-terminus of PESP were crucial for its functionality in modulating ATG7 expression and action as an enhancer of IAV replication. Additionally, HSP90AA1, a protein identified previously as a facilitator of autophagy, was found to interact with PESP, resulting in the stabilization of PESP and consequently an increase in the production of IAV. These data reveal a critical lncRNA-encoded small protein that is induced and exploited by IAV during its infection, and provide a significant insight into IAV-host interaction network., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Chi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Bell's theorem states that the quantum mechanical description of physical quantities cannot be fully explained by local realistic theories, laying a solid basis for various quantum information applications. Hardy's paradox is celebrated as the simplest form of Bell's theorem concerning its "All versus Nothing" approach to test local realism. However, due to experimental imperfections, existing tests of Hardy's paradox require additional assumptions of the experimental systems, and these assumptions constitute potential loopholes for faithfully testing local realistic theories. Here, we experimentally demonstrate Hardy's nonlocality through a photonic entanglement source. By achieving a detection efficiency of 82.2%, a quantum state fidelity of 99.10%, and applying high-speed quantum random number generators for the measurement setting switching, the experiment is implemented in a loophole-free manner. During 6 h of running, a strong violation of P&#95;{Hardy}=4.646×10^{-4} up to 5 standard deviations is observed with 4.32×10^{9} trials. A null hypothesis test shows that the results can be explained by local realistic theories with an upper bound probability of 10^{-16348}. These testing results provide affirmative evidence against local realism, and establish an advancing benchmark for quantum information applications based on Hardy's paradox.

Background: Institutional academic productivity varies on an individual level. This study aims to analyze the research output of adult reconstruction and arthroplasty fellowship programs in the United States., Methods: The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Fellowship Directory was used to evaluate 112 adult reconstruction and arthroplasty fellowships in the United States. Publication data and Hirsch index (h-index) were collected from the Scopus Database. All of each author's total publications were analyzed with their current institution, regardless of their affiliation at the time of publication. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the effect of program size on research productivity., Results: The total number of publications per institution ranged from 2 to 3743, with a mean of 289 and a median of 135. The h-index of individual faculty members ranged from 0 to 103, with a mean of 16 and a median of 11. The number of faculty ( P < .001) and number of fellows ( P  = .003) per program had a significant effect on the total number of publications. The number of faculty did not have a significant effect on the median number of publications ( P  = .12) or the median h-index ( P  = .31). The number of fellows had a significant effect on the median number of publications ( P < .001) and the median h-index ( P < .001)., Conclusions: Academic productivity in adult reconstruction and arthroplasty fellowships within the United States varies widely, with the top few institutions responsible for a majority of the overall output.

Anionic redox allows the direct formation of O─O bonds from lattice oxygens and provides higher catalytic in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than does the conventional metal ion mechanism. While previous theories have predicted and experiments have suggested the possible O─O bond, it has not yet been directly observed in the OER process. In this study, operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) at the O K-edge and the operando Raman spectra is performed on layered double CoFe hydroxides (LDHs) after intercalation with [Cr(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 3- , and revealed a three-step oxidation process, staring from Co 2+ to Co 3+ , further to Co 4+ (3d6L), and ultimately leading to the formation of O─O bonds and O 2 evolution above a threshold voltage (1.4 V). In contrast, a gradual oxidation of Fe is observed in CoFe LDHs. The OER activity exhibits a significant enhancement, with the overpotential decreasing from 300 to 248 mV at 10 mA cm -2 , following the intercalation of [Cr(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 3- into CoFe LDHs, underscoring a crucial role of anionic redox in facilitating water splitting., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating oropharyngeal exercise (OPE) intervention as an alternative therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Despite the high prevalence of OSA in this population, the standard therapy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), is often poorly tolerated. Thirty stroke/TIA patients with OSA unable to tolerate CPAP were randomly assigned to an oropharyngeal exercise or sham exercise protocol. They performed exercises for 6 weeks, 5 days per week, 30 minutes twice per day. Feasibility was ascertained by the proportion of enrolled patients who completed more than 80% of the OPE regimen. Isometric tongue pressures, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), daytime sleepiness, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes were collected at baseline, post-training (6-week follow-up), and retention (10-week follow-up) to document preliminary efficacy. Adherence to study exercises was excellent, with 83% of participants completing more than 80% of the exercises. The isometric tongue pressures were observed to improve in the oropharyngeal exercise group (compared with the sham group), along with a decrease in OSA severity (measured by the AHI and ODI), reduced daytime sleepiness, and enhanced quality of life outcomes following the exercise programme. Only the effects on posterior isometric tongue pressure and daytime sleepiness remained significantly different between groups at the retention session. In conclusion, an RCT evaluating the efficacy of oropharyngeal exercises on post-stroke/TIA OSA is feasible and our preliminary results suggest a clinically meaningful effect., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.)

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the most useful marker for screening, risk categorization, and follow-up in patients with prostate cancer. In the obese population, several studies have revealed that obesity may not only inversely interfere with the concentration of PSA, but also increase the risk of prostate cancer. Thus, we considered using the body mass weighted PSA levels, presented as serum PSA concentration multiplied by body weight or body mass index (BMI), instead of traditional PSA concentration, as potential markers to predict locally advanced prostate cancer after prostatectomy., Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed data acquired from a single institute at which robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was performed. A total of 174 patients underwent radical prostatectomy, and the collected data included age, PSA level, body weight, BMI, and pathology results., Results: A total of 174 patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate by needle biopsy, and most (N = 165) were considered to have localized disease on preoperative multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging. After prostatectomy, 73% (N = 127) of the patients remained in the localized disease group (group A) and 27% (N = 47) of the patients were reclassified to the locally advanced prostate cancer (group B). The value of PSA was higher in group B (16.9 vs 11.2 ng/dL; p = 0.062), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After using the numerical values of PSA × body weight and PSA × BMI, a statistically significant difference emerged between the two groups ( p = 0.0198 in PSA × BW; p = 0.0110 in PSA × BMI)., Conclusion: The body mass-weighted PSA levels, instead of the traditional PSA concentration, may be better markers for predicting non-organ-confined disease after surgery. It may also be useful in screening and risk categorization., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article., (Copyright © 2024, the Chinese Medical Association.)

CeO 2 , particularly in the shape of rod, has recently gained considerable attention for its ability to mimic peroxidase (POD) and haloperoxidase (HPO). However, this multi-enzyme activities unavoidably compete for H 2 O 2 affecting its performance in relevant applications. The lack of consensus on facet distribution in rod-shaped CeO 2 further complicates the establishment of structure-activity correlations, presenting challenges for progress in the field. In this study, the HPO-like activity of rod-shaped CeO 2 is successfully enhanced while maintaining its POD-like activity through a facile post-calcination method. By studying the spatial distribution of these two activities and their exclusive H 2 O 2 activation pathways on CeO 2 surfaces, this study finds that the increased HPO-like activity originated from the newly exposed (111) surface at the tip of the shortened rods after calcination, while the unchanged POD-like activity is attributed to the retained (110) surface in their lateral area. These findings not only address facet distribution discrepancies commonly reported in the literature for rod-shaped CeO 2 but also offer a simple approach to enhance its antibacterial performance. This work is expected to provide atomic insights into catalytic correlations and guide the design of nanozymes with improved activity and reaction specificity., (© 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The development of alternative alloy catalysts with high activity, surpassing platinum group metals, for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is urgently needed in the field of electrocatalysis. The Ag-based single-atom alloy (AgSAA) cluster has been proposed as a promising catalyst for the ORR; however, enhancing its activity under operational conditions remains challenging due to limited insights into its actual active site. Here, we demonstrate that the operando formation of the MO x (OH) y complex serves as the key active site for catalyzing the ORR over AgSAA cluster catalysts, as revealed through comprehensive neural network potential molecular dynamics simulations combined with first-principles calculations. The volcano plot of the ORR over the MO x (OH) y complex addresses the gaps inherent in traditional metallic alloy models for pure AgSAA cluster catalysts in ORR catalysis. The appropriate orbital hybridization between OH and the dopant metal in the MO x (OH) y complexes indicated that the Ag 54 Co 1 , Ag 54 Pd 1 , and Ag 54 Au 1 clusters are optimal AgSAA catalysts for the ORR. Our work underscores the significance of theoretical modeling considering the reaction atmosphere in uncovering the true active site for the ORR, which can be extended to other reaction systems for rational catalyst design., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

A novel methodology for the synthesis of nitrones via palladium-catalyzed redox cross-coupling of nitro compounds and alcohols is established. The protocol is a mild, convenient, ligand-free, and scalable synthesis method that can be compatible with various nitro compounds and alcohols. Nitrone is a significant multifunctional platform synthon which can be synthesized directly and efficiently via this tactic from commercially available and cheap raw materials.

Objective: Breast angiosarcoma is a tumor that can arise as a primary breast tumor or in association with prior radiation therapy. Angiosarcomas are uniquely sensitive to paclitaxel. This study evaluated the impact neoadjuvant paclitaxel (NAC) therapy has on surgical outcomes, tumor recurrence, and survival in breast angiosarcomas., Methods: Patients with angiosarcoma of the breast, either primary or radiation-associated, were identified from a prospective institutional database. Patients receiving NAC were compared to those treated with upfront surgery. Clinical and pathological variables were compared using Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test, differences in survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods., Results: Twenty-four patients with angiosarcoma of the breast were identified, 10 with primary angiosarcoma and 14 with radiation-associated angiosarcoma. Twelve patients received NAC, 6 of each with primary angiosarcoma or radiation-associated angiosarcoma. Of these 12 patients, 11 had a margin negative resection (91%) of which, nine had a complete pathological response on surgical pathology. Of the 12 surgery-first patients, four (n = 4/12, 33%) had positive surgical margins, two of the four underwent reoperation. With a median follow-up of 16 months, four NAC patients had recurrence (33%) compared to six patients in the surgery-first group (58%) (p = 0.41). While not statistically significant, NAC patients had a 33% less risk of recurring compared to surgery-first patients ([hazard ratio =0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.16-2.72; p = 0.6])., Conclusion: NAC for breast angiosarcoma may be associated with high rates of complete pathological response and margin-negative resection. However, this did not impact overall survival. Future prospective control studies and longer follow-up periods are warranted to understand the impact on recurrence and survival., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Surgical Oncology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)