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The innovative design of teaching methods of Civics classes in colleges and universities is an effective measure to help the teaching of Civics classes in colleges and universities. In this paper, the significance of innovative Civics teaching methods is addressed, and a novel path for teaching Civics courses in colleges and universities is proposed. Through feature selection, the K-Means clustering algorithm is optimized, and after optimal selection of the initial clustering center, balanced discriminant function, and combing of the optimization process, the model is applied to the actual innovation of Civics and Political Science teaching, quantitatively assessing the behavioral characteristics of the students and constructing the prediction model to achieve dynamic monitoring of students’ performance. The empirical teaching analysis method is aimed at quantitatively assessing the path proposed in this paper. The clustering results show that consistent with the preset, the model divides students’ learning behavioral characteristics into four categories with clear boundaries and good clustering effect, and most of the student’s grades are concentrated around 60-80 points, according to which the teachers can adjust their teaching strategies in time to improve the teaching effect. Through the control experiment, we know that for the students who have gone through the innovative Civics teaching mode, the mean value of Civics achievement is 71.594, which is 19.329 points higher than the students who have studied in traditional Civics teaching, which is confirmed by the P-value in the t-test of independence which is less than 0.05. It indicates that the innovative teaching method for civics has a significant effect on improving students’ civics achievement.

ObjectiveTo understand the vaccination situation of non-national immunization program （non-NIP） vaccines in Changning District， and to provide evidence for further strengthening the management of vaccination services and guiding community health service centers to construct vaccination clinics for children and adults.MethodsNumber of non-NIP vaccine doses in community health service centers， Changning District， was collected from Shanghai Immunization Information System from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted.ResultsIn 2020， the overall number of non-NIP vaccine doses， proportion of non-NIP vaccine doses and average number of non-NIP vaccine doses in the community health service centers， Changning District， reached up to 115 361 doses， 63.41% and 1 664.54 per 10 000 persons， respectively. Furthermore， the proportion of non-NIP vaccine doses showed a significantly upward trend （χtrend2=131.110， P18 years. Human papillomavirus vaccines （HPV） and influenza vaccines （InfV） had the highest increase in vaccine doses. Additionally， non-NIP vaccination peaked from September to December in adults.ConclusionAlong with the number of non-NIP vaccine doses increase， it is necessary to strengthen the management of non-NIP vaccination and explore effective measures for construction of adult vaccination clinics to meet the public demand for vaccination.

ObjectiveTo assess the coverage and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly.MethodsThis study was conducted in Changning District of Shanghai， targeting people aged 60 years and above. Vaccination data between 21 December 2020 and 28 February 2022 was retrieved from the Shanghai Collective Immunization System. Information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 2022 through May 2022 was collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the screening method.ResultsAs of 28 February 2022， 69.89% of people aged ≥60 years had received ≥1-dose vaccine， 63.80% had received full primary vaccination and 31.91% had received a booster dose. Vaccination coverage declined over age， with the lowest coverage in the elderly aged ≥80 years. Moreover， COVID-19 vaccination provided the highest protection against severe/critical illness and death due to the Omicron variants in the elderly aged ≥60 years. Full primary vaccination showed 96.15%（95%CI：84.15‒99.06）of vaccine effectiveness and booster vaccination showed 100% of the effectiveness against severe/critical COVID-19 and death.ConclusionsFull primary and booster vaccination coverage in the elderly is low， especially in those aged 80 and above. Our study finds high protection against COVID-19 associated severe/critical illness and death from both full primary and booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly aged ≥60 years.

Morphine has been suggested to affect cancer cell dynamics and decrease survival rates in lung cancer patients at specific doses, but the precise mechanisms poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which morphine modulates the malignant characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell proliferation was assessed via the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell migration and invasion were examined via wound healing and Transwell assays. We employed immunofluorescence staining to evaluate E-cadherin expression in A549 and Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cell lines and immunohistochemistry to evaluate E-cadherin expression in nude mice tumours. Additionally, the in vivo effects of morphine on lung cancer progression were explored in a xenograft tumour experiments, in which naloxone was used as a morphine antagonist. Western blot analysis was performed to detect E-cadherin, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), mTOR, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), AKT, phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), and PI3K protein levels in A549 and LLC cells as well as in tumour samples. Morphine (10 µM) significantly increased the proliferation of A549 and LLC cells in vitro (p < 0.05). It also enhanced the migratory and invasive capacities of these cell lines (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, morphine treatment (10 µM) led to a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin, and an increase in the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in A549 and LLC cells (p < 0.01). Morphine treatment (1.5 mg/kg) also reduced E-cadherin expression in xenograft tumours and promoted tumour growth in vivo (p < 0.05). This effect was reversed by naloxone (0.1 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that morphine stimulates the malignant proliferation of A549 and LLC cell lines and promotes xenograft tumour growth. Perhaps by specifically targeting MOR, morphine triggers a signalling cascade that activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway while inhibiting the EMT marker E-cadherin, which may consequently promote the progression of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) is a member of the mammalian chitinase-like proteins and elevated serum CHI3L1 level has been proved to be associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum CHI3L1 levels and body composition parameters in patients with HCC after liver transplantation (LT). Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 200 patients after LT for HCC. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of CHI3L1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Computer tomography (CT) were used to estimate skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass. Spearman's rank correlation test was performed to assess associations between serum CHI3L1 levels and these body composition parameters. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Results: Total 71 patients (35.5%) were diagnosed with myosteatosis according to skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA). The 5-year OS rates were 66.9% in non-myosteatosis group, significantly higher than 49.5% in myosteatosis group (p = 0.025), while the RFS of myosteatosis group (5-year RFS: 52.6%) or non-myosteatosis group (5-year RFS: 42.0%) shown no significant difference (p = 0.068). The serum CHI3L1 level were significantly negative correlated with SMRA (r = -0.3, p < 0.001). Interestingly, in patients with myosteatosis, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that elevated serum CHI3L1 levels were associated with worse OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.047). However, in patients without myosteatosis, Kaplan-Meier analysis found elevated serum CHI3L1 levels were not associated with OS (p = 0.070) or RFS (p = 0.104). Conclusions: Elevated CHI3L1 was negatively correlated with SMRA, and predicted poorer prognosis in Chinese population after LT for HCC, especially in those patients with concomitant myosteatosis. Monitoring serum CHI3L1 can predict prognosis and effectively guide individual nutrition intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of dental implant placement in a single tooth gap, including the postextraction site and healed site, using a task‐autonomous robotic system and a dynamic navigation system. Materials and Methods: Forty partially edentulous models requiring both immediate and conventional implant placement were randomly divided into a robotic system group and a navigation system group. The coronal, apical, and angular deviations of the implants were measured and assessed between the groups. Results: The deviations in immediate implant placement were compared between the robotic system and dynamic navigation system groups, showing a mean (±SD) coronal deviation of 0.86 ± 0.36 versus 0.70 ± 0.21 mm (p =.101), a mean apical deviation of 0.77 ± 0.34 versus 0.95 ± 0.38 mm (p =.127), and a mean angular deviation of 1.94 ± 0.66° versus 3.44 ± 1.38° (p <.001). At the healed site, significantly smaller coronal deviation (0.46 ± 0.29 vs. 0.70 ± 0.30 mm, p =.005), apical deviation (0.56 ± 0.30 vs. 0.85 ± 0.25 mm, p <.001), and angular deviation (1.36 ± 0.54 vs. 1.80 ± 0.70 mm, p =.034) were found in the robotic system group than in the dynamic navigation group. Conclusions: The position in both immediate and conventional implant placement was more precise with the task‐autonomous robotic system than with the dynamic navigation system. Its performance in actual clinical applications should be confirmed in further trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite extensive investigation, the utilization of sulfur and the cycling stability of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are significantly impeded by the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish sulfur reaction kinetics. In this study, aimed at enhancing the performance of Li–S batteries, we focus on the implementation of single metal atom (Be, Mg, Ca, V, Nb, and Ta)-doped TiS2 monolayers as cathode catalysts. Our findings reveal that Be-TiS2, Mg-TiS2, and Ca-TiS2 exhibit superior polysulfide adsorption capabilities and lower values for the rate-determining step in terms of Gibbs free energy. Electronic structure analysis further elucidates that the enhanced anchoring and electrocatalytic activities stem from the upward displacement of the p-band center and the narrowing of the gap within the Δd-p-band, respectively. Moreover, Be-TiS2 and Ca-TiS2 monolayers facilitate the acceleration of the Li2S decomposition reaction and Li-ion migration on their surfaces. This investigation effectively advances our understanding of the role of TiS2 in the polysulfide conversion process and offers valuable insights into the design of cathodes in Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the development trend, research hotspots, and future development direction on the treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) with spinal cord stimulation through bibliometric method. We extracted the literature related to the treatment of NP with spinal cord stimulation from January 2004 to December 2023 from the Web of Science database. As a result, a total of 264 articles were retrieved. By analyzing the annual published articles, authors, countries, institutions, journals, co-cited literature, and keywords, we found that the count of publication in this field has been experiencing an overall growth, and the publications within the past 5 years accounted for 42% of the total output. Experts from the United States and the UK have made significant contributions in this field and established a stable collaborative team, initially establishing an international cooperation network. Pain is the frequently cited journal in this field. The study on spinal cord stimulation therapy for NP especially the study on spinal cord stimulation therapy for back surgery failure syndrome (FBSS) and its potential mechanisms are the research hotspots in this field, while the study on novel paradigms such as high-frequency spinal cord stimulation and spinal cord burst stimulation represents the future development directions. In short, spinal cord stimulation has been an effective treatment method for NP. The novel paradigms of spinal cord stimulation are the key point of future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]