Search

Oil sands process water (OSPW) contains organics, inorganics, and particles. To understand and improve the ozonation performance, it is crucial to clarify the effect of inorganics and particles on the ozonation of OSPW organic compounds. In this study, OSPW containing only inorganic fraction (OSPW-IF) was obtained after the organics were adsorbed onto granular activated carbon. A model naphthenic acid (NA) compound, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHA), was dissolved in OSPW-IF (CHAOSPW-IF) and NaHC[O.sub.3] buffer (CHA-Buffer). Ozonation of CHA-Buffer achieved higher CHA removal and lower utilized ozone dosages compared to CHA-OSPW-IF. Some inorganic ions present in OSPW (i.e., N[H.sup.+.sub.4], HC[O.sup.-.sub.3], and [Cl.sup.-]) caused a slight reduction of CHA degradation. Inorganics in OSPW inhibited the degradation of natural-occurring NAs while a negligible influence of particles on the ozonation of NAs was found. This research suggests that ozonation could be better utilized as an intermediate or post-treatment step in a treatment train for OSPW reclamation. Key words: ozone, oil sands process water (OSPW), naphthenic acids (NAs), inorganic ions, advanced oxidation process (AOP). L'eau de traitement des sables bitumineux (ETSB) contient des matieres organiques, inorganiques et des particules. Pour comprendre et ameliorer la performance de l'ozonation, il est essentiel d'elucider l'effet des substances inorganiques et des particules sur l'ozonation des composes organiques de l'ETSB. Dans cette etude, les ETSB ne contenant que la fraction inorganique (ETSB-FI) ont ete obtenus apres l'adsorption des matieres organiques sur le carbone actif granulaire. Un compose type d'acide naphtenique (AN), soit l'acide cyclohexanecarboxylique (ACH), a ete dissous dans l'ETSB-FI (ACH-ETSB-IF) et le tampon NaHC[O.sub.3] (ACH-tampon). L'ozonation de l'ACH-tampon a permis d'eliminer l'ACH et de reduire les doses d'ozone utilisees par rapport a ACH-ETSB-IF. Certains ions inorganiques presents dans les ETSB (N[H.sup.+.sub.4], HC[O.sub.3] et Cl-) ont cause une legere reduction de la degradation de l'ACH. Les substances inorganiques presentes dans les ETSB ont inhibe la degradation des AN naturels, tandis qu'un effet negligeable des particules sur l'ozonation des AN a ete observe. Cette recherche suggere que l'ozonation pourrait etre mieux utilisee comme etape intermediate ou post-traitement dans une chaine de traitement pour la remise en etat des ETSB. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : ozone, eau de traitement des sables bitumineux (ETSB), acides naphteniques (AN), ions inorganiques, procede d'oxydation avancee (POA)., 1. Introduction Oil sands process water (OSPW) is generated during the bitumen extraction from oil sands. Although almost 3/4 of the OSPW in Alberta, Canada is recycled for bitumen extraction, [...]

Solar‐driven water treatment suffers from low efficiency due to the solar energy loss during the energy conversion, especially in the scale‐up operation. One promising solution is using microlenses (MLs) to enhance the photodegradation of organic contaminants in water. However, most MLs fabrications apply to 2D planar surface only, which restricts their potential applications. In this study, a flexible and scalable technology is presented to fabricate MLs on curved surfaces. Precursor microdroplets form in a dilution process and are converted to MLs by photopolymerization. Optical simulations and experiments are combined to establish the correlation between optical properties of MLs and the performance of ML‐functionalized reactors in photodegradation. It is demonstrated that surface MLs on all‐shaped reactors significantly enhance the photodegradation efficiency of organic contaminants under simulated solar light or natural indoor light, with a maximum improvement of 83 folds. The surface coverage and size distribution of MLs can be adjusted by varying the solution concentration and the dilution rate when generating microdroplets. In addition, fabrication of MLs on a larger scale is achieved over an area up to 250 cm2 $\left(\text{cm}\right)^{2}$. MLs on 3‐dimensional curved surfaces fabricated by the technique enable significantly enhanced, highly customized, and sustainable solar‐driven water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The axial dispersion model (ADM) and tank-in-series model (TiSM) are conventionally used for determining mixing performance of a reactor, which is generated by transverse jets in many engineering applications. The effect of transverse jets on the mixing performance is not well determined by the ADM and TiSM when the Reynolds number of the mainstream flow is higher than ~[10.sup.4]. In this study, this problem was solved by a dispersive compartmental model (DCM). The DCM was a modification of the conventional compartmental model by adding a dispersive nature of plug flow compartment. The results of a series of tracer studies showed that the experimental data were better matched by the DCM than by the conventional models. The effect of transverse jets on the mixing characteristics was significant when the experimental data were modelled by the DCM. The DCM could be used for practical reactors where the E-curve shows a single peak. Key words: mixing, dispersive compartmental model, compartmental model, tank-in- series model, axial dispersion model. Le modele de dispersion axiale (MDA) et le modele de reservoir en serie (MRS) sont normalement utilises pour determiner le rendement en matiere de melange dans un reacteur, lequel est produit par des jets transversaux dans beaucoup d'applications d'ingenierie. L'effet de jets transversaux sur le rendement de melange n'est pas tres bien determine par le MDA ni par le MRS lorsque le nombre de Reynolds du debit principal est plus grand que ~[10.sup.4]. Dans cette etude, ce probleme a ete resolu par un modele a compartiments dispersifs (MCD). Le MCD a ete elabore en apportant une modification au modele a compartiments classique en y ajoutant une nature dispersive de compartiment a flux piston. Les resultats d'une serie d'etudes a l'aide d'indicateurs ont revele que les donnees experimentales etaient mieux reproduites par le MCD que par les modeles classiques. L'effet de jets transversaux sur les caracteristiques de melange etait significatif quand les donnees experimentales etaient modelees par le MCD. Le MCD pourrait etre utilise pour des reacteurs pratiques oU la courbe d'age de rejet (<< E-curve >>) montre un seul sommet. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: melange, modele a compartiments dispersifs, modele a compartiments, modele de reservoir en serie, modele de dispersion axiale., Introduction Mixing by transverse jets is used in a wide range of engineering applications to process fluid and solid mixtures, enhance chemical reactions, and increase heat and mass transfer. Usually, [...]