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1. Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations

Author

Bègue, Nelson, Shikwambana, Lerato, Bencherif, Hassan, Pallotta, Juan, Sivakumar, Venkataraman, Wolfram, Elian, Mbatha, Nkanyiso, Orte, Facundo, Du Preez, David Jean, Ranaivombola, Marion, Piketh, Stuart, Formenti, Paola, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), South African National Space Agency (SANSA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), University of ZuluLand, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), The authors acknowledge the South African–French PROTEA programme (project no. 42470VA) and CNRS-NRF LIA ARSAIO (Atmospheric Research in Southern Africa and Indian Ocean) for supporting the research activities. This work was supported by the French–Argentine ECOS-Sud A16U01 project and the Université de la Réunion through the federation Observatoire des Milieux Naturels et des Changements Globaux (OMNCG) of the OSU-R (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers – La Reunion)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, School of Chemistry and Physics [Durban], University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Departement of Geography [UniZulu], Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology [Pretoria], North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by the French–Argentine ECOS-Sud A16U01 project and the Université de la Réunion through the federation Observatoire des Milieux Naturels et des Changements Globaux (OMNCG) of the OSU-R (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers – La Reunion)., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, trasnporte, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], cenizas, aerosoles
Abstract

This study investigates the influence of the 2015 Calbuco eruption (41.2∘ S, 72.4∘ W; Chile) on the total columnar aerosol optical properties over the Southern Hemisphere. The well-known technic of sun photometry was applied for the investigation of the transport and spatio-temporal evolution of the optical properties of the volcanic plume. The CIMEL sun photometer measurements performed at six South American and three African sites were statistically analysed. This study involves the use of the satellite observations and a back-trajectory model. The passage of the Calbuco plume is statistically detectable in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations obtained from sun photometer and MODIS observations. This statistical detection confirms that the majority of the plume was transported over the northeastern parts of South America and reached the South African region 1 week after the eruption. The plume impacted the southern parts of South America to a lesser extent. The highest AOD anomalies were observed over the northeastern parts of South America. Over the South African sites, the AOD anomalies induced by the spread of the plume were quite homogeneously distributed between the east and west coasts. The optical characteristics of the plume near the source region were consistent with an ash-bearing plume. Conversely, sites further from the Calbuco volcano were influenced by ash-free plume. The optical properties discussed in this paper will be used as inputs for numerical models for further investigation of the ageing of the Calbuco plume in a forthcoming study. Fil: Bègue, Nelson. Université de la Réunion; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Shikwambana, Lerato. University of Kwazulu Natal; Sudáfrica. South African National Space Agency; Sudáfrica Fil: Bencherif, Hassan. Université de la Réunion; Francia. University of Kwazulu Natal; Sudáfrica Fil: Pallotta, Juan Vicente. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina Fil: Sivakumar, Venkataraman. University of Kwazulu Natal; Sudáfrica Fil: Wolfram, Elian Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina Fil: Mbatha, Nkanyiso. University Of Zululand; Sudáfrica Fil: Orte, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina Fil: Jean Du Preez, David. Université de la Réunion; Francia. University of Pretoria; Sudáfrica Fil: Ranaivombola, Marion. Université de la Réunion; Francia Fil: Piketh, Stuart. North-west University; Sudáfrica Fil: Formenti, Paola. Universite de Paris; Francia

Published
2020
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2. Numerical modelling of guided waves dispersion curves in an aluminium flat plate by finite element analysis

Author

L. Galvis, Jabid Quiroga, Octavio Andrés González-Estrada, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente [Bucaramanga]] (GIEMA), and Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS)

Subjects
History, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, Education, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of the structures [physics.class-ph], chemistry, Aluminium, 021105 building & construction, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), 010301 acoustics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This work presents a practical approach to obtain the dispersion curves for a plate via numerical modelling using the commercial software ANSYS. The method is based on the dynamic analysis of the waveguide to extract the mode shapes (eigenvectors) for each resonant frequency (eigenvalue) from the natural frequency response without damping. Each eigenvalue provides a frequency and the dimensions of the model (wavelength), which are the basis of the dispersion curves. Then, an algorithm is developed in MATLAB to stack the different mode solutions with its respective frequencies using the modal assurance criterion. The data obtained is compared with the dispersion curves provided by the GUIGW software.

Published
2019
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3. Analysis of a southern sub-polar short-term ozone variation event using a millimetre-wave radiometer

Author

P. F. Orte, E. Wolfram, J. Salvador, A. Mizuno, N. Bègue, H. Bencherif, J. L. Bali, R. D'Elia, A. Pazmiño, S. Godin-Beekmann, H. Ohyama, J. Quiroga, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Facultad Regional Buenos Aires (UTN-FRBA), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional [Sarmiento] (UTN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research [Nagoya] (ISEE), Nagoya University, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry and Physics [Durban], University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JICA and JST, the French–Argentine ECOS-Sud (A16U01 project), and JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP 18KK0289)., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, agujero de ozono, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Altitude, Polar vortex, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mixing ratio, Potential temperature, vortice polar, lcsh:Science, Stratosphere, sensado remoto, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Radiometer, lcsh:QC801-809, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, Microwave Limb Sounder, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Subpolar regions in the Southern Hemisphere are influenced by the Antarctic polar vortex during austral spring, which induces high and short-term ozone variability at different altitudes, mainly into the stratosphere. This variation may affect considerably the total ozone column changing the harmful UV radiation that reaches the surface. With the aim of studying ozone with a high time resolution at different altitudes in subpolar regions, a millimetre-wave radiometer (MWR) was installed at the Observatorio Atmosférico de la Patagonia Austral (OAPA), Río Gallegos, Argentina (51.6∘ S, 69.3∘ W), in 2011. This instrument provides ozone profiles with a time resolution of ∼1 h, which enables studies of short-term ozone mixing ratio variability from 25 to ∼70 km in altitude. This work presents the MWR ozone observations between October 2014 and 2015, focusing on an atypical event of the polar vortex and Antarctic ozone hole influence over Río Gallegos detected from the MWR measurements at 27 and 37 km during November of 2014. During the event, the MWR observations at both altitudes show a decrease in ozone followed by a local peak of ozone amount of the order of hours. This local recovery is observed thanks to the high time resolution of the MWR mentioned. The advected potential vorticity (APV) calculated from the MIMOSA high-resolution advection model (Modélisation Isentrope du transport Méso-échelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection) was also analysed at two isentropic levels (levels of constant potential temperature) of 675 and 950 K (∼27 and ∼37 km of altitude, respectively) to understand and explain the dynamics at both altitudes and correlate the ozone rapid recovery with the passage of a tongue with low PV values over Río Gallegos. In addition, the MWR dataset was compared for the first time with measurements obtained from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) at individual altitude levels (27, 37 and 65 km) and with the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) installed in the OAPA to analyse the correspondence between the MWR and independent instruments. The MWR–MLS comparison presents a reasonable correlation with mean bias errors of +5 %, −11 % and −7 % at 27, 37 and 65 km, respectively. The MWR–DIAL comparison at 27 km also presents good agreement, with a mean bias error of −1 %. Fil: Orte, Pablo Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Wolfram, Elian Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Salvador, Jacobo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Mizuno, Akira. Nagoya University; Japón Fil: Bègue, Nelson. Université de La Réunion; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Bencherif, Hassan. Université de La Réunion; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. University of KwaZulu Natal; Sudáfrica Fil: Bali, Juan Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: D'Elia, Raul. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Pazmiño, Andrea. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Université Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Godin Beekmann, Sophie. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Université Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Ohyama, Hirofumi. National Institute for Environmental Studies; Japón Fil: Quiroga, Jonathan Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina

Published
2019
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4. 11 Years of Rayleigh Lidar Observations of Gravity Wave Activity Above the Southern Tip of South America

Author

R. Hierro, Eduardo Quel, Jonathan Quiroga, A. de la Torre, Andrea Pazmino, Jacobo Salvador, Torsten Schmidt, P. Llamedo, Peter Alexander, Laboratorio de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia de la Universidad Austral (LIDTUA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Austral, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Facultad Regional Buenos Aires (UTN-FRBA), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional [Sarmiento] (UTN), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, POLAR VORTEX, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, GRAVITY WAVES ACTIVITY, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, 010309 optics, Atmosphere, GPS RO, SABER, LIDAR, Polar vortex, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), STRATOSPHERE, SOUTHEN SOUTH AMERICA, Gravity wave, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Geodesy, Depth sounding, Geophysics, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Radiometry, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Geology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Gravity wave (GW) activity is analyzed using temperature (T) data retrieved from a Rayleigh light detection and ranging (lidar) at Río Gallegos, Argentina (51.6°S, 69.3°W). GW characteristics are derived from 302 nights of observations providing more than 1,018 hr of high-resolution lidar data between 20- and 56-km height from August 2005 to December 2015. T measurements are performed by a Differential Absorption Lidar instrument. This lidar was the southernmost outside Antarctica until the end of 2017. Río Gallegos is an exceptional place to observe large amplitude GW. Every lidar measurement is classified according to its relative position to the polar vortex. The lidar measurements are compared with collocated Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and Global Positioning System-Radio Occultation data. The different instruments show different windows of the GW spectrum, providing complementary observations. In general, the geometric mean of the specific GW potential energy (PE) is larger during winter and spring than during summer and autumn. The largest geometric mean of PE is found inside the vortex and decreases monotonically at its edge, outside it and when there is no vortex. The same behavior is observed with satellite data. On average, it can be seen that lidar observations provide larger PE values than limb sounding measurements. From a Morlet continuous wavelet transform analysis, three distinct modes are captured from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and from Global Positioning System-Radio Occultation data at the upper and lower stratosphere, respectively. In particular, a systematic 3.5- to 4-year oscillation, possibly related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation is observed. Fil: Llamedo Soria, Pablo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ingeniería. Laboratorio de Investigación Desarrollo y Transferencia - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Laboratorio de Investigación Desarrollo y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Salvador, Jacobo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina Fil: de la Torre, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ingeniería. Laboratorio de Investigación Desarrollo y Transferencia - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Laboratorio de Investigación Desarrollo y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Quiroga, Jonathan Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina Fil: Alexander, Pedro Manfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Hierro, Rodrigo Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ingeniería. Laboratorio de Investigación Desarrollo y Transferencia - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Laboratorio de Investigación Desarrollo y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Schmidt, T.. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam; Alemania Fil: Pazmiño, A.. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universite de Paris VI; Francia Fil: Quel, Eduardo Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina

Published
2019
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5. On the Long-term Stability of Satellite and Ground-based Ozone Profile Records

Author

Hubert, Daan, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Verhoelst, Tijl, Keppens, Arno, Granville, José, Bhartia, Pawan K., Bourassa, Adam E., Damadeo, Robert, Degenstein, Doug A., Froidevaux, Lucien, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Johnson, Bryan J., Kaempfer, Niklaus, Leblanc, Thierry, Lichtenberg, Günter, Murtagh, Donal P., Maillard Barras, Eliane, Nakane, Hideaki, Nedoluha, Gerald, Portafaix, Thierry, Querel, Richard, Raspollini, Piera, Russell, James-M., Salvador, J., Smit, Herman G. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Stebel, Kerstin, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Swart, Daan P. J., Tarasick, David W., Thompson, Anne M., van Malderen, Roeland, von Clarmann, Thomas, von Der Gathen, Peter, Walker, Kaley A., Weber, Mark, Witte, Jacquelyn C., Elian, Wolfram, Zawodny, Joseph M., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Atmospheric Sciences [Hampton] (CAS), Hampton University, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Payerne Aerological Station, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Toronto, University of Bremen, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, and Cardon, Catherine

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; In recent years, many analyses of space- and ground-based data records reported signs or evidence of increasing ozone concentrations in the extrapolar upper stratosphere since the late 1990s. However, the magnitude and significance of the trend estimates vary from one study to another, prompting the ozone research community to further investigate the causes of these differences. A broader consensus has emerged in the past year, placing the positive trend in the upper stratosphere on solid ground and heralding the start of an observation-based exploration of the recovery of stratospheric ozone. More accurate trend estimates are needed to identify the geophysical processes contributing to the recovery and their relative importance. Uncovering seasonal and spatial trend patterns will be key in reaching this objective, not just in the extrapolar upper stratosphere but elsewhere as well.However, at the moment, it remains unclear whether current ozone profile observing systems are able to provide this information. We address this question with an exploration of the capabilities and limitations of current data records in space (limb/occultation sounders) and on the ground (NDACC/GAW/SHADOZ-affiliated sonde, stratospheric lidar and microwave radiometer sites) to infer decadal trends and their vertical, latitudinal and seasonal patterns. We focus on long-term stability, one of the key drivers of the ability to detect trends. We present updated results of a comprehensive analysis that allowed us to quantify the drift of satellite data relative to the ground-based networks (Hubert et al., 2016). In a companion analysis we exploited the satellite data to uncover temporal and spatial inhomogeneities in the ground-based time series, some of which were traced to known changes occurring at different moments across the network. These changes add to the challenge to derive unbiased ozone trends from ground-based observations and they impede our ability to constrain satellite drift to the level required for current and future ozone trend assessments. We conclude that ongoing efforts to homogenise the ground-based data records are essential.

Published
2017

6. Multiple symptoms of total ozone recovery inside the Antarctic vortex during austral spring

Author

Elian Wolfram, Florence Goutail, Sergey Khaykin, Jacobo Salvador, Alain Hauchecorne, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Eduardo Quel, Andrea Pazmino, Chantal Claud, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), and Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, lcsh:Chemistry, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], chemistry.chemical_compound, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Potential vorticity, Polar vortex, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], OZONE, Equivalent latitude, ANTARTIC, RECOVERY, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, Vortex, Heat flux, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Antarctic oscillation, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, lcsh:Physics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

The long-term evolution of total ozone column inside the Antarctic polar vortex is investigated over the 1980-2016 period. Trend analyses are performed using a multilinear regression (MLR) model based on various proxies (heat flux, QBO, solar flux, AAO and aerosols). Annual total ozone column corresponding to the mean monthly values inside the vortex in September and during the period of maximum ozone depletion from September 15th to October 15th are used. Total ozone columns from combined TOMS-N7, SBUV-N9, TOMS-EP and OMI-TOMS satellite datasets and the Multi-Sensor Reanalysis (MRS-2) dataset are considered in the study. Ozone trends are computed by a piecewise trend model (PWT) before and after the turnaround in 2001. In order to evaluate total ozone within the vortex, two classification methods are used, based on the potential vorticity gradient as a function of equivalent latitude. The first standard one, considers this gradient at a single isentropic level (475K or 550K), while the second one uses a range of isentropic levels between 400K and 600K. The regression model includes a new proxy that represents the stability of the vortex during the studied month period. The determination coefficient (R2) between observations and modeled values increases by ~0.05 when this proxy is included in the MLR model. The higher R2 (0.93-0.95) and the minimum residuals are found for the second classification method in the case of both datasets and months periods. Trends in September are statistically significant at 2 sigma level with values ranging between 1.85 and 2.67 DU yr-1 depending on the methods and data sets. This result confirms the recent studies of Antarctic ozone healing during that month. Trends after 2001 are 2 to 3 times lower than before the turnaround year as expected from the response to the slowly ODS decrease in Polar regions.Estimated trends in the 15Sept-15Oct period are smaller than in September. They vary from 1.15 to 1.78 DU yr-1 and are hardly significant at 2 level. Ozone recovery is also confirmed by a steady decrease of the relative area of total ozone values lower than 150 DU within the vortex in the 15Sept-15Oct period since 2010. Comparison of the evolution of the ozone hole area in September and October show a decrease in September, confirming the later formation of the ozone hole during that month. Fil: Pazmino, Andrea. Universidad Paris Saclay; Francia Fil: Godin Beekmann, Sophie. Universidad Paris Saclay; Francia Fil: Hauchecorne, Alain. Universidad Paris Saclay; Francia Fil: Claud, Chantal. Ecole Polytechnique; Francia Fil: Khaykin, Sergey. Universidad Paris Saclay; Francia Fil: Goutail, Florence. Universidad Paris Saclay; Francia Fil: Wolfram, Elian Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa; Argentina Fil: Salvador, Jacobo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina Fil: Quel, Eduardo Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina

Published
2017
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7. Feasibility study for a WMO inter-comparison for volcanic ash Lidar commercial systems

Author

Keckhut, Philippe, Apituley, Arnoud, Sugimoto, Nobuo, Ristori, Pablo, Adam, Mariana, Besson, Florence, Demoz, Belay, Donovan, Dave, Lampin, Jean-Luc, Mattis, Ina, Mona, Lucia, Hicks, Micheal, Cardon, Catherine, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Météo France, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), and Météo-France

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Taking into account the context of volcanic ash observation, an expert group has studied what is feasible to assess in order to give reliable Lidar information to aviation concerning ash detection. Lidar parameters to be evaluated and the associated methodology have been reported concerning the aerosol cloud detection, attribution and quantification.

Published
2017

8. Symptoms of total ozone recovery inside the Antarctic vortex during Austral spring

Author

Andrea Pazmino, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Alain Hauchecorne, Chantal Claud, Sergey Khaykin, Florence Goutail, Elian Wolfram, Jacobo Salvador, Eduardo Quel, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), TROPO - LATMOS, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Facultad Regional Buenos Aires (UTN-FRBA), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional [Sarmiento] (UTN), and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 13. Climate action
Abstract

The long-term evolution of total ozone column inside the Antarctic polar vortex is investigated over the 1980–2016 period. Trend analyses are performed using a multilinear regression (MLR) model based on various proxies (heat flux, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, solar flux, Antarctic Oscillation and aerosols). Annual total ozone column corresponding to the mean monthly values inside the vortex in September and during the period of maximum ozone depletion from September 15th to October 15th are used. Total ozone columns from combined SBUV, TOMS and OMI satellite datasets and the Multi-Sensor Reanalysis (MSR-2) dataset are considered in the study. Ozone trends are computed by a piecewise trend model (PWT) before and after the turnaround in 2001. In order to evaluate total ozone within the vortex, two classification methods are used, based on the potential vorticity gradient as a function of equivalent latitude. The first standard one considers this gradient at a single isentropic level (475 K or 550 K), while the second one uses a range of isentropic levels between 400 K and 600 K. The regression model includes a new proxy that represents the stability of the vortex during the studied month period. The determination coefficient (R2) between observations and modeled values increases by ~ 0.05 when this proxy is included in the MLR model. The higher R2 (0.93–0.95) and the minimum residuals are observed for the second classification method for both datasets and months periods. Trends in September are statistically significant at 2 sigma level over 2001–2016 period with values ranging between 1.85 and 2.67 DU yr−1 depending on the methods and data sets. This result confirms the recent studies of Antarctic ozone healing during that month. Trends after 2001 are 2 to 3 times lower than before the turnaround year as expected from the response to the slowly ozone-depleting substances decrease in Polar regions. Estimated trends in the 15 Sept–15 Oct period are smaller than in September. They vary from 1.15 to 1.78 DU yr−1 and are hardly significant at 2σ level. Ozone recovery is also confirmed by a steady decrease of the relative area of total ozone values lower than 150 DU within the vortex in the 15 Sept–15 Oct period since 2010. Comparison of the evolution of the ozone hole area in September and October shows a decrease in September, confirming the later formation of the ozone hole during that month.

Published
2017

9. Adhesive joints for composite materials produced by additive manufacturing

Author

Jabid Quiroga, A. Pertuz, O. Bohórquez, A. F. Casas Pulido, Octavio Andrés González-Estrada, Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente [Bucaramanga]] (GIEMA), Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS), Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF)

Subjects
History, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Materials science, 0203 mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Adhesive, Composite material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of the structures [physics.class-ph], Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

Composite materials are joined in many occasions with adhesive joints due to the condition of the materials, the ease of repair, the loading conditions, the affectation by corrosion and chemical attacks. However, the efficiency of these bonding schemes is related to multiple factors, among them, the length and the width of the adhesion zone and the thickness of the adhesive. In this work, we analyze the factors associated with the surface contact of the substrates. We define a numerical model using the finite element method and study the parameters related to the physical condition, considering optimal results based on the data of the strength provided by the suppliers of adhesives.

Published
2019
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10. Evaluation of total ozone recovery inside the Antarctic vortex

Author

Pazmino, Andrea, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Hauchecorne, Alain, Claud, Chantal, Lefèvre, Franck, Khaykin, Sergey, Goutail, Florence, Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Boonne, Cathy, Wolfram, E., Salvador, J., Quel, E., STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Cardon, Catherine, Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The latest assessment report on the state of the ozone layer (WMO 2014) confirmed the stabilization of the ozone loss in Antarctica since 2000. Several studies have been made in order to quantify the increase in total ozone column (TOC) in the Antarctic polar vortex in spring directly linked to the small decrease of ozone depleting substances levels in the polar stratosphere. These studies generally show a significant increase of TOC averaged inside the vortex since 2000 but they differ on the proxies used for the quantification of ozone interannual variability.In this study, the trend of TOC inside the vortex is analyzed over the 1980-2015 period using multilinear regression model based on various proxies (heat flux, QBO, solar flux, AAO and aerosols). The ozone trend is simulated by a piecewise linear trend (PWLT) before and after the break year in 2000, corresponding to the change of slope in ozone long-term evolution. The originality of this study is to take into account the baroclinicity of the vortex. For this, two different methods are used to classify TOC values inside the vortex as a function of Equivalent Latitude (EL). In the first standard one, the Nash criterion (Nash et al., 1996) is applied at a single isentropic level (475K or 550K). In the second one it is applied to a range of isentropic levels between 400K and 600K with a step of 25K.The study is focused on the period September 15 - October 15, the most representative of low ozone levels inside the vortex. The trend model is applied to SAOZ UV-Vis spectrometer data at Dumont d’Urville (66.7 ̊S, 140 ̊E) and also to TOMS/OMI above Antarctica and the trend results are presented for the different classification methods.

Published
2016

11. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records

Author

Bryan J. Johnson, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Marion Marchand, J. C. Lambert, Kerstin Stebel, Elian Wolfram, Adam Bourassa, Herman G. J. Smit, Arno Keppens, Daan Hubert, Hideaki Nakane, C. Thomas McElroy, Daan Swart, Ugo Cortesi, Karl W. Hoppel, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Donal P. Murtagh, James M. Russell, Tijl Verhoelst, Anne M. Thompson, Peter von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, Günter Lichtenberg, Richard Querel, Kevin Strawbridge, Doug Degenstein, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Kaley A. Walker, Joachim Urban, Roeland Van Malderen, Thierry Portafaix, José Granville, Jean-Luc Baray, Thierry Leblanc, Lucien Froidevaux, Jacobo Salvador, René Stübi, Joseph M. Zawodny, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), University of York [York, UK], Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Kochi University of Technology (KUT), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, Ozone depletion, SCIAMACHY, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Troposphere, Zeppelinobservatoriet, 13. Climate action, Stratopause, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Environmental science, Tropopause, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5–12 % and the drifts are at most ±5 % decade−1 (or even ±3 % decade−1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10 % and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.

Published
2016
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12. Surface Salinity in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre During the STRASSE/SPURS Summer 2012 Cruise

Author

Reverdin, Gilles, Morisset, Simon, Marié, Louis, Bourras, Denis, Sutherland, Graigory, Ward, Brian, Salvador, Joaquin, Font, Jordi, Cuypers, Yannis, Centurioni, Luca R., Hormann, Verena, Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas, Boutin, Jacqueline, d'Ovidio, Francesco, Nencioli, Francesco, Martin, Nicolas, Diverrès, Denis, Alory, Gaël, Lumpkin, Rick, Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics [NUI Galway], National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cruise, high salinity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Subtropics, Oceanography, evaporation, lcsh:Oceanography, Ocean gyre, SPURS, ocean fronts, high SSS, lcsh:GC1-1581, 14. Life underwater, STRASSE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, geography, diapycnal mixing, geography.geographical_feature_category, North Atlantic, fluxes, 6. Clean water, Salinity, 13. Climate action, air-sea interaction, Environmental science
Abstract

Reverdin, Gilles ... et. al.-- Special issue on SPURS: Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study.-- 10 pages, 7 figures, We investigated a 100 × 100 km high-salinity region of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre during the Sub-Tropical Atlantic Surface Salinity Experiment/Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study (STRASSE/SPURS) cruise from August 21, 2012, to September 9, 2012. Results showed great variability in sea surface salinity (SSS; over 0.3 psu) in the mesoscale, over 7 cm of total evaporation, and little diapycnal mixing below 36 m depth, the deepest mixed layers encountered. Strong currents in the southwestern part of the domain, and the penetration of freshwater, suggest that advection contributed greatly to salinity evolution. However, it was further observed that a smaller cyclonic structure tucked between the high SSS band and the strongest currents contributed to the transport of high SSS water along a narrow front. Cross-frontal transport by mixing is also a possible cause of summertime reduction of SSS. The observed structure was also responsible for significant southward salt transport over more than 200 km. © 2015 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved, This effort was supported nationally in France by CNES/TOSCA with the Gloscal and SMOS projects and by LEFE/INSU for the STRASSE/SPURS project, in Spain at ICM/CSIC by the Spanish national R+D plan (project AYA2010-22062-C05). The cruise took place on board R/V Thalassa owned by IFREMER and operated by GENAVIR. Support from the ship’s captain and crew during the STRASSE cruise is gratefully acknowledged. Some French instruments were also funded by INSU and IFREMER, and the trimaran platform Ocarina was also partially funded by IPSL. Nicolas Kolodziejczyk’s postdoctoral fellowship was awarded by CNES. Support for ASIP work is from the Office of Naval Research under Award No. N62909-12-1-7064, and Graig Sutherland’s scholarship PGSD3-410251-258 2011 was awarded by the National Research Council of Canada. SVP drifters were provided by the Global Drifter Program, NOAA grant #NA10OAR432056. LC and VH were supported by NASA grant #NNX12AI67G and NOAA grant #NA10OAR432056

Published
2015
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