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Your search keyword '"Cardona, Carol J"' showing total 186 results
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186 results on '"Cardona, Carol J"'

1. Spatiotemporal changes in influenza A virus prevalence among wild waterfowl inhabiting the continental United States throughout the annual cycle

Author

Kent, Cody M, Ramey, Andrew M, Ackerman, Joshua T, Bahl, Justin, Bevins, Sarah N, Bowman, Andrew S, Boyce, Walter M, Cardona, Carol J, Casazza, Michael L, Cline, Troy D, E. De La Cruz, Susan, Hall, Jeffrey S, Hill, Nichola J, Ip, Hon S, Krauss, Scott, Mullinax, Jennifer M, Nolting, Jacqueline M, Plancarte, Magdalena, Poulson, Rebecca L, Runstadler, Jonathan A, Slemons, Richard D, Stallknecht, David E, Sullivan, Jeffery D, Takekawa, John Y, Webby, Richard J, Webster, Robert G, and Prosser, Diann J

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infectious Diseases, Influenza, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Animal Migration, Animals, Animals, Wild, Ducks, Humans, Influenza A virus, Influenza in Birds, Prevalence, United States
Abstract

Avian influenza viruses can pose serious risks to agricultural production, human health, and wildlife. An understanding of viruses in wild reservoir species across time and space is important to informing surveillance programs, risk models, and potential population impacts for vulnerable species. Although it is recognized that influenza A virus prevalence peaks in reservoir waterfowl in late summer through autumn, temporal and spatial variation across species has not been fully characterized. We combined two large influenza databases for North America and applied spatiotemporal models to explore patterns in prevalence throughout the annual cycle and across the continental United States for 30 waterfowl species. Peaks in prevalence in late summer through autumn were pronounced for dabbling ducks in the genera Anas and Spatula, but not Mareca. Spatially, areas of high prevalence appeared to be related to regional duck density, with highest predicted prevalence found across the upper Midwest during early fall, though further study is needed. We documented elevated prevalence in late winter and early spring, particularly in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal variation in prevalence outside autumn staging areas may also represent a dynamic parameter to be considered in IAV ecology and associated risks.

Published
2022

17. African Swine Fever Detection and Transmission Estimates Using Homogeneous Versus Heterogeneous Model Formulation in Stochastic Simulations Within Pig Premises

Author

Ssematimba, Amos, Malladi, Sasidhar, Bonney, Peter J., Charles, Kaitlyn M. St., Boyer, Timothy C., Goldsmith, Timothy, Cardona, Carol J., Corzo, Cesar A., and Culhane, Marie R.

Abstract

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important foreign animal diseases to the U.S. swine industry. Stakeholders in the swine production sector are on high alert as they witness the devastation of ongoing outbreaks in some of its most important trade partner countries. Efforts to improve preparedness for ASF outbreak management are proceeding in earnest and mathematical modeling is an integral part of these efforts. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact on within-herd transmission dynamics of ASF when the models used to simulate transmission assume there is homogeneous mixing of animals within a barn. Methods: Barn-level heterogeneity was explicitly captured using a stochastic, individual pig-based, heterogeneous transmission model that considers three types of infection transmission, (1) within-pen via nose-to-nose contact; (2) between-pen via nose-to-nose contact with pigs in adjacent pens; and (3) both between- and within-pen via distance-independent mechanisms (e.g., via fomites). Predictions were compared between the heterogeneous and the homogeneous Gillespie models. Results: Results showed that the predicted mean number of infectious pigs at specific time points differed greatly between the homogeneous and heterogeneous models for scenarios with low levels of between-pen contacts via distance-independent pathways and the differences between the two model predictions were more pronounced for the slow contact rate scenario. The heterogeneous transmission model results also showed that it may take significantly longer to detect ASF, particularly in large barns when transmission predominantly occurs via nose-to-nose contact between pigs in adjacent pens. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for completing preliminary explorations when working with homogeneous mixing models to ascertain their suitability to predict disease outcomes.

Published
2022

24. A Retrospective Study of Early vs. Late Virus Detection and Depopulation on Egg Laying Chicken Farms Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus During the 2015 H5N2 Outbreak in the United States

Author

Nezworski, Jill, primary, St. Charles, Kaitlyn M., additional, Malladi, Sasidhar, additional, Ssematimba, Amos, additional, Bonney, Peter J., additional, Cardona, Carol J., additional, Halvorson, David A., additional, and Culhane, Marie R., additional

Published
2021
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31. Spatial transmission of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza between Minnesota poultry premises during the 2015 outbreak

Author

Bonney, Peter J., Malladi, Sasidhar, Boender, Gert Jan, Weaver, J.T., Ssematimba, Amos, Halvorson, David A., Cardona, Carol J., Bonney, Peter J., Malladi, Sasidhar, Boender, Gert Jan, Weaver, J.T., Ssematimba, Amos, Halvorson, David A., and Cardona, Carol J.

Abstract

The spatial spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 during the 2015 outbreak in the U.S. state of Minnesota was analyzed through the estimation of a spatial transmission kernel, which quantifies the infection hazard an infectious premises poses to an uninfected premises some given distance away. Parameters were estimated using a maximum likelihood method for the entire outbreak as well as for two phases defined by the daily number of newly detected HPAI-positive premises. The results indicate both a strong dependence of the likelihood of transmission on distance and a significant distance-independent component of outbreak spread for the overall outbreak. The results further suggest that HPAI spread differed during the later phase of the outbreak. The estimated spatial transmission kernel was used to compare the Minnesota outbreak with previous HPAI outbreaks in the Netherlands and Italy to contextualize the Minnesota transmission kernel results and make additional inferences about HPAI transmission during the Minnesota outbreak. Lastly, the spatial transmission kernel was used to identify high risk areas for HPAI spread in Minnesota. Risk maps were also used to evaluate the potential impact of an early marketing strategy implemented by poultry producers in a county in Minnesota during the outbreak, with results providing evidence that the strategy was successful in reducing the potential for HPAI spread.

Published
2018

32. Proactive Risk Assessments and the Continuity of Business Principles: Perspectives on This Novel, Combined Approach to Develop Guidance for the Permitted Movement of Agricultural Products during a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak in the United States

Author

Goldsmith, Timothy J., Culhane, Marie Rene, Sampedro, Fernando, and Cardona, Carol J.

Subjects
foot-and-mouth disease, outbreak response, Veterinary Science, continuity of business, animal disease, proactive risk assessment, permitted movements, risk assessments, public–private partnership
Abstract

Animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have the potential to severely impact food animal production systems. Paradoxically, the collateral damage associated with the outbreak response may create a larger threat to the food supply, social stability, and economic viability of rural communities than the disease itself. When FMD occurs in domestic animals, most developed countries will implement strict movement controls in the area surrounding the infected farm(s). Historically, stopping all animal movements has been considered one of the most effective ways to control FMD and stop disease spread. However, stopping all movements in an area comes at a cost, as there are often uninfected herds and flocks within the control area. The inability to harvest uninfected animals and move their products to processing interrupts the food supply chain and has the potential to result in an enormous waste of safe, nutritious animal products, and create animal welfare situations. In addition, these adverse effects may negatively impact agriculture businesses and the related economy. Effective disease control measures and the security of the food supply thus require a balanced approach based on science and practicality. Evaluating the risks associated with the movement of live animals and products before an outbreak happens provides valuable insights for risk management plans. These plans can optimize animal and product movements while preventing disease spread. Food security benefits from emergency response plans that both control the disease and keep our food system functional. Therefore, emergency response plans must aim to minimize the unintended negative consequence to farmers, food processors, rural communities, and ultimately consumers.

Published
2017
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46. Ecology of the Tick-Borne Phlebovirus Causing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in an Endemic Area of China

Author

Li, Zhifeng, primary, Bao, Changjun, additional, Hu, Jianli, additional, Liu, Wendong, additional, Wang, Xiaochen, additional, Zhang, Lei, additional, Ji, Zhengmin, additional, Feng, Zhi, additional, Li, Luxun, additional, Shen, Aihua, additional, Liu, Xuejian, additional, Zhao, Hongjun, additional, Tan, Wenwen, additional, Zhou, Jiangang, additional, Qi, Xian, additional, Zhu, Yefei, additional, Tang, Fenyang, additional, Cardona, Carol J., additional, and Xing, Zheng, additional

Published
2016
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