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A ternary reaction-diffusion model for early HIV infection dynamics, incorporating logistic growth of target cells, is introduced. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, random movement of target cells, infected cells, and virions and a chemotactic attraction of target cells by cytokines, are included. The research explores the existence of disease-free and coexistence equilibria, conducting linear stability analyses for homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios. Specifically, conditions for chemotactic-self diffusion instability of the endemic equilibrium are found, indicating that Turing patterns may emerge when the chemotactic effect surpasses a critical threshold. This threshold is lower than in models without logistic growth of target cells, suggesting that the logistic model provides better insights into infection hot spots in the early stages. The location and shape of these patterns, crucial for developing infection control strategies, are investigated using weakly nonlinear analysis and demonstrated through numerical simulations., Comment: 13 pages, preprint version

In the present paper, the onset of thermal convection in a uniformly rotating Darcy-Brinkman porous medium saturated by a variable viscosity fluid is investigated and the competing interplay between rotation and temperature-dependent viscosity is then analysed. %It is well-known in literature that rotation inhibits the onset of vertical motions within the fluid, whereas variable viscosity that depends on temperature may facilitate the onset of instability. In literature it has been proved that considering a variable viscosity fluid saturating a porous medium does not produce any additional oscillating motions at the onset of convection. In this direction, similar results have been obtained in [1], where the authors prove the validity of the principle of exchange of stabilities in a rotating porous medium. Here, it is shown numerically that the combined effect of rotation and variable viscosity may lead to the occurrence of oscillatory convection. This result is remarkable and not known in literature, to the best of our knowledge. The stabilising effect of rotation on the onset of convection is recovered, while it is shown that the effect of variable viscosity on the behaviour of the critical Rayleigh number depends on the choice of the Taylor number. Nonlinear analysis is performed via the energy method and sufficient condition for the stability of the basic solution is determined. Proximity of the results from the linear and nonlinear analyses is obtained thanks to numerical techniques, i.e. Chebyshev-tau method and golden section method.

In the present paper, we study the existence, uniqueness and behaviour in time of the solutions to the Darcy-B\'enard problem for an extended-quasi-thermal-incompressible fluid-saturated porous medium uniformly heated from below. Unlike the classical problem, where the compressibility factor of the fluid vanishes, in this paper we allow the fluid to be slightly compressible and we address the well-posedness analysis for the full nonlinear initial boundary value problem for the perturbed system of governing equations modelling the convection in porous media phenomenon.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the onset of penetrative convection in a Darcy-Brinkmann porous medium under the hypothesis of local therma non-equilibrium. For the problem at stake, the strong form of the principle of exchange of stabilities has been proved, i.e. convective motions can occur only through a secondary stationary motion. We perform linear and nonlinear stability analyses of the basic state motion, with particular regard to the behaviour of the stability thresholds with respect to the relevant physical parameters characterizing the model. The Chebyshev-$\tau$ method and the shooting method are employed and implemented to solve the differential eigenvalue problems arising from linear and nonlinear analyses to determine critical Rayleigh numbers. Numerical simulations prove the stabilising effect of upper bounding plane temperature, Darcy's number and the interaction coefficient characterising the local thermal non-equilibrium regime.

A reaction-diffusion Leslie-Gower predator-prey model, incorporating the fear effect and prey refuge, with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response, is introduced. A qualitative analysis of the solutions of the model and the stability analysis of the coexistence equilibrium, are performed. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the occurrence of Turing instability have been determined either in the case of self-diffusion or in the case of cross-diffusion. Different types of Turing patterns, representing a spatial redistribution of population in the environment, emerge for different values of the model parameters.

In the present paper, the effect of the Vadasz inertia term on the onset of convective motions for a Darcy-Brinkman model is investigated. It is proved that this term leads to the possibility for oscillatory convection to occur. Hence, convection can occur via either oscillatory or steady motions. It is proved analytically that the onset of steady convection is not affected by the Vadasz term, while oscillatory convection is favoured by it. Moreover, conditions to rule out the occurrence of oscillatory convection are determined numerically. The influence of rotation, interaction coefficient and mechanical and thermal anisotropies on the onset of instability is investigated, both analytically and numerically.

Perfectly incompressible materials do not exist in nature but are a useful approximation of several media which can be deformed in non-isothermal processes but undergo very small volume variation. In this paper the linear analysis of the Darcy-B\'enard problem is performed in the class of extended-quasi-thermal-incompressible fluids, introducing a factor $\beta$ which describes the compressibility of the fluid and plays an essential role in the instability results. In particular, in the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation, a more realistic constitutive equation for the fluid density is employed in order to obtain more thermodynamic consistent instability results. Via linear instability analysis of the conduction solution, the critical Rayleigh-Darcy number for the onset of convection is determined as a function of a dimensionless parameter $\widehat{\beta}$ proportional to the compressibility factor $\beta$, proving that $\widehat{\beta}$ enhances the onset of convective motions.

In the present paper double-diffusive convection, taking into account Coriolis effects, in a horizontal layer of Brinkman-anisotropic bi-disperse porous medium is analysed. Via linear instability analysis, we found that convection can set in through stationary or oscillatory motions and the critical Rayleigh numbers for the onset of stationary secondary flow (steady convection) and overstability (oscillatory convection) are determined.

The onset of thermal convection in a uniformly rotating and horizontally isotropic bi-disperse porous medium, taking into account the Vadasz term, is investigated. Via linear instability analysis, it has been proven that the Vadasz term allows the onset of convection via an oscillatory state but does not affect convection via a stationary motion.