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Additive Manufacturing (AM) applications have expanded to many areas. Whereas review articles portray the current state of knowledge on AM, scientometric studies identify relevant areas, principal authors, trends, and primary contributing sources from a quantitative perspective. Analysis of the AM still needed to comprise numerous scientific documents and include qualitative criteria. Using a vast number of published documents on AM, we propose a systemized approach to explore AM conceptual subsystems and their historical development. We applied our method to 68,676 records published between 1990 and 2021 in the Web of Science based on revised AM historical terms to prevent including documents unrelated to the subject matter. From a temporal perspective, statistical analysis revealed an explainable change in the AM research trend in 2008. A qualitative study of bibliometric maps obtained with the VOSviewer software led us to determine thirteen conceptual subsystems on AM, whose time development also clarified the history of the whole discipline. These conceptual subsystems distribute in four main publication source clusters, whose leading contributing countries are also reported. Restricting this methodology to specific AM conceptual subsystems or extending it to other knowledge areas is straightforward. Besides, the interactive bibliometric maps, accessible online, enable users to explore the AM conceptual system and find the most cited publications for a better depiction of the current state of knowledge on AM in its different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by abnormalities in the metabolism of lipids and glucose, and its major complications are cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been proposed that oxidative stress is related with metabolic syndrome. Objective: To relate the markers of oxidative stress in patients with clinical expression of metabolic syndrome. Material and method: An observational, cross-sectional and prospective study was done in 50 women of 30-50 years of age, with diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to the criteria established by ATP-III. Results: The groups with three, four and five metabolic syndrome components showed significant differences in systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood levels, respectively, finding a statistically significant negative association with total plasma antioxidant capacity between groups. Conclusions: The finding that total plasma antioxidant system decreases as the number of components of the metabolic syndrome increases indicates that having a smaller provided antioxidant defense is associated with increased clinical expression of metabolic syndrome, highlighting the adaptation system of patients with metabolic syndrome who, despite the condition indicated, do not show oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increment of eryptosis in lead-exposed workers has been associated with oxidative stress, having as the main mediator [Ca 2+ ] i . However, other molecules could participate as signals, such as PLA 2 and SMase, which have been proposed to increase PGE 2 and ceramides, both involved in the increment of PS externalization due to osmotic stress. To study the role of these enzymes in lead intoxication, we studied 30 lead exposed workers and 27 non-lead exposed individuals. We found, compared to non-exposed subjects, lead intoxication characterized by high blood lead concentration (median = 39.1 μg/dL), and low δ-ALAD activity (median = 348 nmol of porphobilinogen/h/mL); oxidative stress with high lipid peroxidation (median = 1.31 nmol of malondialdehyde/mL) and low TAC (median = 370 mM Trolox equivalents); a higher enzymatic activity of PLA 2 (median = 518 AFU/mg) and SMase (median = 706 AFU/mg) and higher eryptosis (median = 0.92% PS externalization). Correlation and conditional probability analyses permit to associate oxidative stress and eryptosis with high PLA 2 activity. However, high SMase activity was only associated with PLA 2 activity. The role of these enzymes in the signal path to eryptosis induced by oxidative stress in lead-exposed workers is discussed., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)