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The surimi industry faces challenges due to the overexploitation of demersal fishes, requiring precise fish stock assessments and the exploration of alternative raw materials. Research in these areas is crucial for fish sustainability. Thus, the current study aims to identify the existing knowledge covering the use of the length-based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) as a fish stock assessment method and to fill the gap in the research by consolidating relevant literature through a PRISMA SLR, using qualitative and quantitative data. The findings indicate that the LB-SPR method, while effective, needs to be utilized more in the surimi industry. This review highlights the need for precise stock assessments, historical data collection, and advanced sampling technologies, which are crucial for accurate data collection to conduct LB-SPR studies to assess fish stocks. Our study finds that significant research gaps include the need for more empirical studies on reproductive biology and the crucial role of interdisciplinary research in enhancing the long-term viability of fish stocks and the health of marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black rice bran (BRB) is well-known for its high antioxidant activity and its pivotal role in preventing colon cancer. The present study aims to investigate the effects of BRB administration on BALB/C mice induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The 24 mice were divided into three groups: the group induced by colon cancer (C+), the group induced by cancer and given the BRB diet (C+BRB), and the normal group (C−). Both the C− and C+ groups were given a standard AIN-93 M diet containing cellulose fiber. After 16 weeks, the mice were anesthetized, and the colonic tissue was identified for nodule distribution, histopathological observation, and mRNA expression analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3, and caspase-8 genes using qRT PCR technique. Nodule distribution in the C+BRB group showed a significant decrease compared to the C+ group, with 1.65 ± 0.71 nodule/cm2 vs. 5.73 ± 2.93 nodule/cm2. Then, the colon weight was significantly decreased in the C+BRB group, at 0.19 ± 0.04 (g) compared to 0.25 ± 0.03 (g) in the C+ group. Also, the BRB diet in the C+BRB group significantly decreased PCNA mRNA expression compared to the C+ group, with values of 0.58 ± 0.09-fold change vs. 5.22 ± 0.80-fold change. Conversely, increased the mRNA expression of caspase-3 (0.91 ± 0.20-fold change vs. 0.36 ± 0.15-fold change) and caspase-8 (0.51 ± 0.18-fold change vs. 0.13 ± 0.31-fold change). In conclusion, administration of BRB inhibited the rate of cancer development by suppressing cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat bran (WB) is a low-value by-product of the wheat milling industry. Solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus is performed to improve WB's nutritional quality (RH). Twenty-five mice (11-week-old C57BL/6N male mice) were divided into three groups. The first group was fed a control diet (n = 8), the second group a 10% WB-supplemented diet (n = 8), and the last group had a 10% RH-supplemented diet (n = 9). The diet treatment was administered for 4 days before dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3% in drinking water) was administered for 9 days. RH supplementation prevented bodyweight loss and reduced the disease activity index in mice. An increase in the level of SCFAs in mouse intestines was detected post-RH supplementation, suggesting that SCFAs might have contributed to its anti-colitis effect. Metabolome analysis was conducted to explore other bioactive compounds in RH. R. oligosporus fermentation significantly increased the amounts of ergothioneine, arginine, branched-chain amino acids, and adenosine in wheat bran. All of these compounds are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. These bioactive compounds might also have contributed to the RH's ability to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anthocyanins inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and cholesterol levels regulation by interacting with the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) protein, expressed at reduced levels in colon cancer. Anthocyanins can also increase the efflux of cholesterol from cancer cells and are present in Indonesian native black rice bran. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of Anthocyanin Black Rice Bran Extract (ABRiBE) on the mRNA expression of the ABCA1 gene and the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in the human HT-29 cell line. The hypothesis is that ABRiBE inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation and increases ABCA1 gene expression. Methods: This experimental study on the HT-29 cells used anthocyanins extracted from black rice bran powder through ethanol acidified with citric acid. The MTS assay measured the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 50% cell proliferation inhibition using 12 extract concentrations and control groups for 24 and 48 hours. The ABCA1 gene expression in groups above the antiproliferative IC50 value and the control group was analyzed using the quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) method. Results: The IC50 of black rice bran extract was 1.57 and 1.35 mg/mL for 24 and 48 hours of incubation, which decreased HT-29 cell proliferation with values of (r=0.97, p=0.001 and r=0.95, p=0.001), respectively. Extract exposure of the 2 concentrations above the IC50 values of 1.7 and 2.0 mg/mL increased ABCA1 gene expression in HT-29 cells, by 1.16 and 2.32 fold compared to the control group. Conclusion: The ABRiBE inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation and increased the ABCA1 gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whey powder, an industrial by-product, has the potential to be transformed into functional ingredients using the Maillard reaction. In this study, this chemical reaction occurred between whey powder and tempeh protein extract, resulting in increased antioxidant activity. This study aimed to isolate the Maillard reaction products (MRP) with the best antioxidant capacity using an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane by considering the fouling phenomenon that occurred on the membrane surface and critical flux for the filtration. MRP exhibited an antioxidant capacity of 0.09 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity/mL, and the fractionation using a 5 kDa MWCO PES membrane showed the highest antioxidant capacity in terms of free radical reduction and metal chelating mechanisms. During MRP filtration, fouling on the membrane surface was observed, which could be attributed to the cake filtration model. The critical flux value was determined to be 4.23 LMH with a corresponding pressure of 0.75 bar. A long-term filtration below the critical flux showed stable performance, but filtration above the critical flux resulted in significant fouling. The permeate antioxidant IC50 value was 4.25 mg/mL. Based on the LC-MS analysis, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-anthraquinone and ilexin II were found as the potential contributors to the antioxidant activity of MRP. In summary, our study demonstrates that fractionating MRP using UF membrane-based filtration is an effective method for isolating MRP with high antioxidant capacity. Our findings also shed light on the critical flux value and fouling phenomenon during MRP filtration, which are important considerations for scaling up the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamic acid is a phenolic compound with the potential to act as a natural antioxidant. Cinnamic acid esterification can be performed by adding a long-chain alcohol to one of its hydroxyl groups to improve its antioxidant activity. In this study, cinnamic esters were synthesized in an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) and were carried out continuously. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for the synthesis of cinnamic esters using various types of alcohols (e.g., butanol, hexanol, and octanol) as alkyl group donors and the impact of the esterification on the antioxidant activity. The continuous synthesis of cinnamic esters with TL IM lipozyme as the biocatalyst had the highest conversion (20.91%) with 1-butanol as the alkyl donor, in a synthesis strategy of a 12-h batch followed by continuous operation with a residence time of 9 h. The resulting ester increased the antioxidant activities by 2.18 and 3.85-fold, respectively based on the DPPH and FRAP assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, colon cancer has become the fourth cause of death in terms of cancer. A high fiber and antioxidants diet help promote a healthy diet and prevent colon cancer. Black rice bran has high content both in fiber and phenolic. The aim of this research was to observe the potential of fermented black rice bran in improving colon conditions profiles of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced mice, comprising lactic acid bacteria (LAB) colony count, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Rhizopus oligosporus was used for fermenting the black rice bran. Five weeks old male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups (n=6) based on their diets. AOM was injected intraperitoneally and Dextran Sodium Sulphate was added to their drinking water, thus initiating inflammation in the colon. The number of LAB in faeces at the end of intervention in the groups of fermented rice bran group (FRB) (9.04±0.04 log CFU) and nonfermented rice bran group (NRB) (8.99±0.04 log CFU) were higher than that of the positive control group (8.33±0.06 log CFU/g) but fewer as compared to the negative control (9.63±0.05 log CFU). The concentrations of SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) of the cecum content in the NRB group (11.92±0.00, 2.31±0.01 and 3.41±0.01 mM) were higher than the positive control group (8.90±1.30, 1.60±0.16 and 2.27±0.31 mM). As compared to the positive control group, the concentration of propionic acid of cecum content in the FRB group was higher (2.09±0.32 mM), but the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid were indifferent. The MDA level of the FRB group (1.41±0.03 µmol) was lower than that of the NRB group (1.88±0.05 µmol), and the MDA level of NRB was lower than that of the positive control group (2.03±0.09 µmol). The results showed that both FRB and NRB had a positive role in increasing the number of LAB, ALRP concentrations, and decreasing MDA levels in AOM-induced mice colons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive peptides showing Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) activity can control blood pressure. They can be produced from various protein sources, including fish gelatin. This article provides a systematic review and metaanalysis on gelatin extraction, conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis, characteristics of ACEi peptides, and effect of hydrolysis procedure on ACEi peptides. Fish gelatin preparation uses various solutions such as acids, bases and distilled water. Enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out with an E/S ratio of 0.2 7% and temperature of 28.9 oC (using bromelain) and 60.6 oC (using Alcalase). Level of pH in hydrolysis also varied greatly, from 2 (using Pepsin) to 10 (using Purafect enzyme). The molecular weight of fish gelatin ACEi peptides ranged from 186-829 Da and the sequence of peptides was dominated by hydrophobic and aliphatic amino acids. Based on a meta-analysis, hydrolysis using enzyme combination resulted in more satisfying product than a single enzyme, represented with a combined effect size value of 0.593. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]