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Using convergence estimations, the economies of the towns and districts of Rostov Oblast are shown to be resilient to four shocks to the economy – initial sanctions (2019), initial COVID and continuing sanctions (2020), continuing sanctions and worsening COVID (2021), war, harsher sanctions and declining COVID (2022). Agricultural output is resilient and represents an important growth sector for the Russian economy. Housing and floor area construction are resilient with even gross production being maintained. Labor indicators show a severe shock to unemployment and vacancies in 2020 followed by recovery in 2021 and a much tighter labor market in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a spatial dynamic panel, the long-run industrial sector convergence rate across Mexico's states is found to be 2%. The model is a system-General Method of Moments with correction for spatial autocorrelation and an explicit human capital input. The significant ineguality between the richest and poorest states is caused by differences in factor accumulation. Physical capital accumulation dominates in richer states while the human capital accumulation is in poorer states. Regional ineguality is predicted to grow unless there is government intervention to address the bipolar regional divide. More investment in human capital in non-industrialized states to draw strength from Mexico's diversity is recommended. Comparative Economic Studies (2015) 57, 183-202. doi: 10.1057/ces.2014.42; published online 8 January 2015 Keywords: Mexican regional convergence, physical and human capital, spatial panel analysis JEL Classification: 040, 047, Rll, R15, INTRODUCTION Mexico has always been known as a country of great diversity in fields from literature to economics. For example, regional economic diversity within Mexico has led to the poorest [...]

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