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116 results on '"British Academy."'

1. The Lives of Early Career Researchers. HEPI Report 169

Author

Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) (United Kingdom), The British Academy, Debra Cureton, David Grundy, Sarah Howard, Anastassiya Mahon, Blessing Marandure, Anna Meier, Joanne Mills, Louise Oldridge, Maranda Ridgway, Gemma Tidman, Rebecca Williams, Jing Zhao, Debra Cureton, David Grundy, Sarah Howard, Anastassiya Mahon, Blessing Marandure, Anna Meier, Joanne Mills, Louise Oldridge, Maranda Ridgway, Gemma Tidman, Rebecca Williams, Jing Zhao, Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) (United Kingdom), and The British Academy

Abstract

In 2023, the British Academy commissioned 11 members of its Early Career Researcher Network to write about their experiences of life and work in UK higher education. The essay collection shines a light on the voices, perspectives and journeys of early career researchers, poignantly showcasing the realities and challenges faced by researchers at this stage of their careers, ranging from precarious contracts and grant applications to balancing parenthood with the pressures of academic life. The authors offer a mixture of personal insights, policy solutions and practical advice to some of these hurdles, while also highlighting the fulfilling and rewarding moments in their careers.

Published
2024

3. The Next Generation: Ideas and Experience in African Researcher Support. The Nairobi Process

Author

The British Academy, Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) (United Kingdom), and Moss, Caroline

Abstract

This report forms part of the Nairobi Process, a series of discussions and reports aimed at stimulating debate around Africa-UK research collaboration and the provision of researcher support in African higher education. It emphasizes the value and the need to invest in the development of early career researchers. As the research leaders of the future, it is they who will direct and shape the development of African higher education and research. This report charts examples of good practice for institutions, donors, and leaders looking to pursue this path. The aim is not to present a comprehensive review of systems of support for early career researchers, but rather to draw on a number of examples to give an indication of existing provision and case studies of more integrated/inclusive systems. In addition to institutional case studies, approaches currently adopted by externally-funded programmes are explored, to see how institutional capacity building for early career researcher development can be integrated within institutional research support systems. A number of recommendations are made in this report, drawing on the lessons learnt from African institutions and external funders in developing early career researchers. These aim to build and sustain structures and processes that can effectively and holistically support early career researchers in their development. These recommendations are presented as a framework through which institutions may reflect on their own research provision and what is appropriate in their particular context.

Published
2016

4. Practicing critical zone observation in agricultural landscapes: Communities, technology, environment and archaeology

Author

British Academy, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), University of Glasgow, Opitz, Rachel, De Smedt, Philippe, Mayoral Herrera, Victorino, Campana, Stefano, Vieri, Marco, Baldwin, Eamonn, Perna, Carolina, Sarri, Daniele, Verhegge, Jeroen, British Academy, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), University of Glasgow, Opitz, Rachel, De Smedt, Philippe, Mayoral Herrera, Victorino, Campana, Stefano, Vieri, Marco, Baldwin, Eamonn, Perna, Carolina, Sarri, Daniele, and Verhegge, Jeroen

Abstract

The aims of agricultural land management change continuously, reflecting shifts in wider societal priorities. Currently, these include addressing the climate crisis, promoting environmental sustainability, and supporting the livelihoods of rural communities while ensuring food security. Working toward these aims requires information on the character of agricultural land and how dynamic processes influence it. Remote and near-surface sensing data are important sources of information on the characteristics of soils, plants, water, topography, and related processes. Sensing data are collected, analysed, and used in decision-making by specialists in multiple domains connected to land management. While progress has been made to connect the use of sensing data across agricultural and environmental applications under the umbrella of integrated sustainable land management, archaeological and heritage uses of these data remain largely disconnected. This creates barriers to accounting for the impacts of past human activities on contemporary agricultural landscapes through the alteration of soils, topography, and plant communities. In parallel, it hinders the creation of knowledge about the archaeological features which form an essential part of the heritage of agricultural landscapes. The ipaast-czo project explores the potential of a coordinated approach across all these domains, which would reduce these barriers and provide benefits by better integrating information generated using sensing. To do so, both conceptual and practical barriers to developing shared practices and how these might be overcome were considered. In this study, a conceptual framework designed to create a shared understanding of how agricultural landscapes work and enable collaboration around their management was proposed. This framework treats present-day rural agricultural landscapes as Critical Zones: complex entities shaped by long-term human–environment interactions including contemporary farming. P

Published
2023

5. Identifying intentional flake production at the dawn of technology: A technological and 3D geometric morphometric study

Author

Leakey Foundation, British Academy, Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, de la Torre, Ignacio [0000-0002-1805-634X], Proffitt, Tomos, Reeves, Jonathan S., Falótico, Tiago, Arroyo, Adrián, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Ottoni, Eduardo B., Luncz, Lydia V., Leakey Foundation, British Academy, Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, de la Torre, Ignacio [0000-0002-1805-634X], Proffitt, Tomos, Reeves, Jonathan S., Falótico, Tiago, Arroyo, Adrián, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Ottoni, Eduardo B., and Luncz, Lydia V.

Abstract

The production of sharp-edged stone flakes is often viewed as a unique adaptation specific to the hominin lineage. The discovery of large stone cores and flakes dated to 3.3 Ma has shown that the earliest evidence of hominin stone flake production differs from the later Oldowan (dated to 2.6 Ma) record. Recent discoveries have shown that capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) can unintentionally produce sharp-edged flake assemblages as a by-product of percussive behaviour. Capuchin monkeys are the only wild primate to intentionally strike two stones together (stone-on-stone percussion) to produce quartz powder. In doing so, they unintentionally produce high frequencies of sharp-edged flakes. It has been suggested that these possess the same technological attributes commonly used to describe intentional hominin stone flakes. Here we directly compare the basic morphometric descriptions, technological and 3D morphometric properties of unintentional capuchin flakes with experimentally produced flakes derived from two intentional flaking techniques employed during the Plio-Pleistocene, freehand and passive hammer knapping and a sample of Oldowan freehand flakes from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). Our results show that unintentional stone-on-stone flakes overlap in terms of their shape, size and technological attributes with those produced through intentional knapping techniques. We, however, identify attributes that may be critical for differentiating between intentional knapping techniques documented in the early archaeological record and unintentional flakes. Using these data we show that Oldowan flakes more closely resemble intentional freehand techniques.

Published
2023

6. New information on early Islamic ceramic production and distribution in the Gulf: Siraf, Bushehr and Fulayj

Author

Albert Reckitt Fund, British Academy, Carvajal López, José C., Priestman, Seth M. N., Georgakopoulou, Myrto, Albert Reckitt Fund, British Academy, Carvajal López, José C., Priestman, Seth M. N., and Georgakopoulou, Myrto

Abstract

In this paper a new petrographic study of ceramics from the early Islamic period in the Gulf is presented. The paper considers samples coming from Siraf (Iran), excavated by David Whitehouse (and conserved in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, UK), samples from the Iranian coast of Bushehr (recovered by Andrew Williamson and conserved in the collection that bears his name in Durham, UK) and some samples from Fulayj, Oman (excavated by a team co-directed by Seth Priestman, Nasser Al-Jahwari, Eve MacDonald and Derek Kennet). The technique of analysis is petrography, that offers compositional (mineralogy and petrology) and textural information (distribution and arrangement of inclusions). This technique can be used to interpret the technological procedures involved in the manufacturing of the ceramics and to characterise products from particular areas, thus helping to clarify trends of distribution of wares across time. The samples of these collections have been classified according to Priestman’s Indian Ocean Pottery Classification (IOPC, Priestman ii.2021), providing an important link between macroscopic and microscopic analyses. The results are also compared with samples previously analysed from Murwab and the Old Doha excavations, providing an overview of the production technology and exchange of ceramics in the early Islamic Gulf over the longue durée.

Published
2023

7. A deep graph neural network architecture for modelling spatio-temporal dynamics in resting-state functional MRI data

Author

W. D. Armstrong Trust Fund, University of Cambridge, British Academy, Autism Research Trust, Guarantors of Brain, Medical Research Council (UK), Azevedo, Tiago, Campbell, Alexander, Romero García, Rafael, Passamonti, Luca, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Liò, Pietro, Toschi, Nicola, W. D. Armstrong Trust Fund, University of Cambridge, British Academy, Autism Research Trust, Guarantors of Brain, Medical Research Council (UK), Azevedo, Tiago, Campbell, Alexander, Romero García, Rafael, Passamonti, Luca, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Liò, Pietro, and Toschi, Nicola

Abstract

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been successfully employed to understand the organisation of the human brain. Typically, the brain is parcellated into regions of interest (ROIs) and modelled as a graph where each ROI represents a node and association measures between ROI-specific blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) time series are edges. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have seen a surge in popularity due to their success in modelling unstructured relational data. The latest developments with GNNs, however, have not yet been fully exploited for the analysis of rs-fMRI data, particularly with regards to its spatio-temporal dynamics. In this paper, we present a novel deep neural network architecture which combines both GNNs and temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) in order to learn from both the spatial and temporal components of rs-fMRI data in an end-to-end fashion. In particular, this corresponds to intra-feature learning (i.e., learning temporal dynamics with TCNs) as well as inter-feature learning (i.e., leveraging interactions between ROI-wise dynamics with GNNs). We evaluate our model with an ablation study using 35,159 samples from the UK Biobank rs-fMRI database, as well as in the smaller Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset, both in a unimodal and in a multimodal fashion. We also demonstrate that out architecture contains explainability-related features which easily map to realistic neurobiological insights. We suggest that this model could lay the groundwork for future deep learning architectures focused on leveraging the inherently and inextricably spatio-temporal nature of rs-fMRI data.

Published
2022

8. Brain charts for the human lifespan

Author

British Academy, Autism Research Trust, National Institute of Mental Health (US), UK Research and Innovation, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Wellcome Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Seidlitz, J., White, S. R., Vogel, Jacob W., Anderson, K. M., Adamson, C., Adler, S., Alexopoulos, G. S., Anagnostou, E., Areces-González, A., Astle, D. E., Auyeung, Bonnie, Ayub, Muhammad, Bae, J., Ball, G, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beare, R., Bedford, S. A., Benegal, V., Beyer, Frauke, Blangero, John, Blesa Cábez, M., Boardman, J. P., Borzage, M., Bosch-Bayard, J. F., Bourke, N., Calhoun, V. D., Chakravarty, M. M., Chen, C., Chertavian, C., Chetelat, G., Chong, Y. S., Cole, J. H., Corvin, Aiden, Costantino, M., Courchesne, E., Crivello, Fabrice, Cropley, V. L., Crosbie, J., Crossley, N., Delarue, M., Delorme, R., Desrivieres, Sylvane, Devenyi, G. A., Di Biase, M. A., Dolan, R., Donald, K. A., Donohoe, Gary, Dunlop, K., Edwards, A. D., Elison, J. T., Ellis, C. T., Elman, J. A., Eyler, L., Fair, D. A., Feczko, E., Fletcher, P. C., Fonagy, P., Franz, C. E., Galán-García, L., Gholipour, A., Giedd, J., Gilmore, J. H., Glahn, David C., Goodyer, I. M., Grant, P. E., Groenewold, Nynke A., Gunning, F. M., Gur, Rachel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hammill, C. F., Hansson, Oskar, Hedden, T., Heinz, Andreas, Henson, R. N., Heuer, K., Hoare, J., Holla, B., Holmes, Avram J., Holt, Rosemary, Huang, Hailiang, Im, K., Ipser, J., Jack, C. R., Jackowski, A. P., Jia, T., Johnson, K. A., Jones, P. B., Jones, David T. W., Kahn, René S., Karlsson, H., Karlsson, L., Kawashima, R., Kelley, E. A., Kern, Silke, Kim, K. W., Kitzbichler, M. G., Kremen, W. S., Lalonde, F., Landeau, B., Lee, S., Lerch, J., Lewis, J. D., Li, J., Liao, W., Liston, C., Lombardo, Michael, V., Lv, J., Lynch, Christopher D., Mallard, T. T., Marcelis, Machteld, Markello, R. D., Mathias, Samuel R., Mazoyer, Bernard, McGuire, Philip, Meaney, M. J., Mechelli, Andrea, Medic, N., Misic, B., Morgan, S. E., Mothersill, David O., Nigg, J., Ong, M. Q. W., Ortinau, C., Ossenkoppele, Rik, Ouyang, M., Palaniyappan, L., Paly, L., Pan, P. M., Pantelis, Christos, Park, M. M., Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Paz-Linares, D., Pichler, Alexander, Pierce, K., Qian, X., Qiu, Jing, Qiu, A., Raznahan, A., Rittman, T., Rodrigue, A., Rollins, C. K., Romero García, Rafael, Ronan, L., Rosenberg, M. D., Rowitch, D. H., Salum, G. A., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Schaare, H. L., Schachar, R. J., Schultz, A. P., Schumann, Gunter, Schöll, Michael, Sharp, D., Shinohara, R. T., Skoog, Ingmar, Smyser, C. D., Sperling, R. A., Stein, Dan J., Stolicyn, A., Suckling, John, Sullivan, G., Taki, Y., Thyreau, B., Toro, Raquel del, Traut, N., Tsvetanov, K. A., Turk-Browne, N. B., Tuulari, J. J., Tzourio, C., Vachon-Presseau, É., Valdes-Sosa, M. J., Valdes-Sosa, P. A., Valk, Sofie L., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vandekar, S. N., Vasung, L., Victoria, L. W., Villeneuve, S., Villringer, Arno, Vértes, P. E., Wagstyl, K., Wang, Y. S., Warfield, S. K., Warrier, V., Westman, Eric, Westwater, M. L., Whalley, Heather, Witte, A. Veronica, Yang, N., Yeo, B., Yun, H., Zalesky, A., Zar, H. J., Zettergren, Anna, Zhou, J. H., Ziauddeen, H., Zugman, A., Zuo, X. N., Bullmore, E. T., Alexander-Bloch, A. F., British Academy, Autism Research Trust, National Institute of Mental Health (US), UK Research and Innovation, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Wellcome Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Seidlitz, J., White, S. R., Vogel, Jacob W., Anderson, K. M., Adamson, C., Adler, S., Alexopoulos, G. S., Anagnostou, E., Areces-González, A., Astle, D. E., Auyeung, Bonnie, Ayub, Muhammad, Bae, J., Ball, G, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beare, R., Bedford, S. A., Benegal, V., Beyer, Frauke, Blangero, John, Blesa Cábez, M., Boardman, J. P., Borzage, M., Bosch-Bayard, J. F., Bourke, N., Calhoun, V. D., Chakravarty, M. M., Chen, C., Chertavian, C., Chetelat, G., Chong, Y. S., Cole, J. H., Corvin, Aiden, Costantino, M., Courchesne, E., Crivello, Fabrice, Cropley, V. L., Crosbie, J., Crossley, N., Delarue, M., Delorme, R., Desrivieres, Sylvane, Devenyi, G. A., Di Biase, M. A., Dolan, R., Donald, K. A., Donohoe, Gary, Dunlop, K., Edwards, A. D., Elison, J. T., Ellis, C. T., Elman, J. A., Eyler, L., Fair, D. A., Feczko, E., Fletcher, P. C., Fonagy, P., Franz, C. E., Galán-García, L., Gholipour, A., Giedd, J., Gilmore, J. H., Glahn, David C., Goodyer, I. M., Grant, P. E., Groenewold, Nynke A., Gunning, F. M., Gur, Rachel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hammill, C. F., Hansson, Oskar, Hedden, T., Heinz, Andreas, Henson, R. N., Heuer, K., Hoare, J., Holla, B., Holmes, Avram J., Holt, Rosemary, Huang, Hailiang, Im, K., Ipser, J., Jack, C. R., Jackowski, A. P., Jia, T., Johnson, K. A., Jones, P. B., Jones, David T. W., Kahn, René S., Karlsson, H., Karlsson, L., Kawashima, R., Kelley, E. A., Kern, Silke, Kim, K. W., Kitzbichler, M. G., Kremen, W. S., Lalonde, F., Landeau, B., Lee, S., Lerch, J., Lewis, J. D., Li, J., Liao, W., Liston, C., Lombardo, Michael, V., Lv, J., Lynch, Christopher D., Mallard, T. T., Marcelis, Machteld, Markello, R. D., Mathias, Samuel R., Mazoyer, Bernard, McGuire, Philip, Meaney, M. J., Mechelli, Andrea, Medic, N., Misic, B., Morgan, S. E., Mothersill, David O., Nigg, J., Ong, M. Q. W., Ortinau, C., Ossenkoppele, Rik, Ouyang, M., Palaniyappan, L., Paly, L., Pan, P. M., Pantelis, Christos, Park, M. M., Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Paz-Linares, D., Pichler, Alexander, Pierce, K., Qian, X., Qiu, Jing, Qiu, A., Raznahan, A., Rittman, T., Rodrigue, A., Rollins, C. K., Romero García, Rafael, Ronan, L., Rosenberg, M. D., Rowitch, D. H., Salum, G. A., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Schaare, H. L., Schachar, R. J., Schultz, A. P., Schumann, Gunter, Schöll, Michael, Sharp, D., Shinohara, R. T., Skoog, Ingmar, Smyser, C. D., Sperling, R. A., Stein, Dan J., Stolicyn, A., Suckling, John, Sullivan, G., Taki, Y., Thyreau, B., Toro, Raquel del, Traut, N., Tsvetanov, K. A., Turk-Browne, N. B., Tuulari, J. J., Tzourio, C., Vachon-Presseau, É., Valdes-Sosa, M. J., Valdes-Sosa, P. A., Valk, Sofie L., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vandekar, S. N., Vasung, L., Victoria, L. W., Villeneuve, S., Villringer, Arno, Vértes, P. E., Wagstyl, K., Wang, Y. S., Warfield, S. K., Warrier, V., Westman, Eric, Westwater, M. L., Whalley, Heather, Witte, A. Veronica, Yang, N., Yeo, B., Yun, H., Zalesky, A., Zar, H. J., Zettergren, Anna, Zhou, J. H., Ziauddeen, H., Zugman, A., Zuo, X. N., Bullmore, E. T., and Alexander-Bloch, A. F.

Abstract

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.

Published
2022

10. The Effect of Raw Material on the Identification of Knapping Skill: a Case Study from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Author

British Academy, European Commission, Max Planck Society, Bargalló, Amelia [0000-0003-4175-7600], Torre, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Proffitt, Tomos, Bargalló, Amelia, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, British Academy, European Commission, Max Planck Society, Bargalló, Amelia [0000-0003-4175-7600], Torre, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Proffitt, Tomos, Bargalló, Amelia, and Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la

Abstract

The identification of Oldowan hominin knapping skill levels has been a focus of numerous studies, with apparent variation in technical abilities identified between a number of Early Stone Age archaeological sites. Raw material variability, however, can play a significant role in the outcomes of knapping events as well as in the accuracy of analysis. Implications of such variability are yet to be fully understood. Here we present an experimental study to assess the effects that varying raw materials have on the identification of technological attributes typically associated with varying skill levels and whether it is possible to identify knapper skill levels across multiple raw materials. Variation was tested between raw materials from Olduvai Gorge across and between skill levels. The results suggest that knapping skill levels manifest differently in the material record across raw materials. In addition, we suggest that raw material has a significant effect on identifying knapper skill variation. This has implications for future research concerned with identifying knapper skill within and between early assemblages of differing raw materials.

Published
2021

11. Brain functional network integrity sustains cognitive function despite atrophy in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia

Author

British Academy, Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (UK), German Research Foundation, University of Cambridge, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ministero della Salute, National Institute for Health Research (UK), Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration (US), Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Brain Foundation, Swedish Alzheimer Foundation, Stockholm County Council, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., Gazzina, Stefano, Jones, P. Simon, Swieten, John C. van, Borroni, Barbara, Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Moreno, Fermín, Laforce, Robert, Graff, Caroline, Synofzik, Matthis, Galimberti, Daniela, Masellis, Mario, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Finger, Elizabeth, Vandenberghe, Rik, Mendonça, Alexandre de, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Santana, Isabel, Ducharme, Simon, Butler, Christopher, Gerhard, Alex, Danek, Adrian, Levin, Johannes, Otto, Markus, Frisoni, Giovanni, Ghidoni, Roberta, Sorbi, Sandro, Rohrer, Jonathan D., Rowe, James, The Genetic FTD Initiative GENFI, British Academy, Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (UK), German Research Foundation, University of Cambridge, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ministero della Salute, National Institute for Health Research (UK), Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration (US), Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Brain Foundation, Swedish Alzheimer Foundation, Stockholm County Council, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., Gazzina, Stefano, Jones, P. Simon, Swieten, John C. van, Borroni, Barbara, Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Moreno, Fermín, Laforce, Robert, Graff, Caroline, Synofzik, Matthis, Galimberti, Daniela, Masellis, Mario, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Finger, Elizabeth, Vandenberghe, Rik, Mendonça, Alexandre de, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Santana, Isabel, Ducharme, Simon, Butler, Christopher, Gerhard, Alex, Danek, Adrian, Levin, Johannes, Otto, Markus, Frisoni, Giovanni, Ghidoni, Roberta, Sorbi, Sandro, Rohrer, Jonathan D., Rowe, James, and The Genetic FTD Initiative GENFI

Abstract

Introduction: The presymptomatic phase of neurodegenerative disease can last many years, with sustained cognitive function despite progressive atrophy. We investigate this phenomenon in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Methods: We studied 121 presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers and 134 family members without mutations, using multivariate data-driven approach to link cognitive performance with both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Atrophy and brain network connectivity were compared between groups, in relation to the time from expected symptom onset. Results: There were group differences in brain structure and function, in the absence of differences in cognitive performance. Specifically, we identified behaviorally relevant structural and functional network differences. Structure-function relationships were similar in both groups, but coupling between functional connectivity and cognition was stronger for carriers than for non-carriers, and increased with proximity to the expected onset of disease. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the maintenance of functional network connectivity enables carriers to maintain cognitive performance.

Published
2021

12. The performance management and appraisal in higher education

Author

Camilleri, Mark Anthony, Camilleri, Adriana Caterina, and British Academy of Management 32nd Annual Conference : Driving Productivity in Uncertain and Challenging Times, British Academy of Management

Subjects
Education, Higher, Personnel management
Abstract

The performance appraisal (PA) is one of the performance management tools that is widely used to measure the productivity of academic employees in different contexts. Therefore, this paper has two main objectives. Firstly, it critically reviews the extant literature on performance management, including; Kaplan and Norton’s Balanced Scorecard Approach, among others. Secondly, it presents a qualitative research that explores the performance appraisal system in a higher education institution. The researcher has conducted semi-structured interview sessions with academic employees to analyse their opinions and perceptions toward their annual PA. The research participants revealed the costs and benefits of their PA exercise. They were aware that their educational leaders could pragmatically employ the PA’s metrics to improve their performance outcomes, in terms of stakeholder engagement, internal processes, organisational capacity and innovation, among other areas. This research implies that the PA instrument could lead to significant benefits for both the institution as well as for the personal development of individual academics., peer-reviewed

Published
2018

13. The corporate governance reporting in the European Union

Author

Camilleri, Mark Anthony and British Academy of Management 32nd Annual Conference (Driving Productivity in Uncertain and Challenging Times)

Subjects
Corporate governance -- European Union countries, Corporate governance, Social responsibility of business -- European Union countries, Social responsibility of business
Abstract

The latest European Union’s (EU) guiding policies are encouraging big businesses and state-owned organisations to disclose their environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Many European member states have transposed the EU’s directive 2014/95/EU on non-financial reporting. This directive has presented a significant step forward toward the as its “comply or explain” approach has encouraged organisations to disclose a true and fair view on their organisations’ financial and ESG capitals. Hence, this paper makes specific reference to some of the corporations’ best practices as it identifies areas for improvement in corporate governance issues. It explains how three major European banks are following the recommendations of their national regulatory institution, as they have reviewed the roles and responsibilities of the corporate boards and management. In many cases, they have anticipated the regulatory, legal, contractual, social and market-driven obligations. This contribution contends that there are significant implications for financial services corporations who intend following the right path toward responsible corporate governance and ethical behaviours., peer-reviewed

Published
2018

14. Measuring the educators’ behavioural intention, perceived use and ease of use of mobile technologies

Author

Camilleri, Mark Anthony, Camilleri, Adriana Caterina, Wood, Geoffrey, British Academy of Management Conference 2017 (BAM2017) : Reconnecting Management Research with the Disciplines. Shaping the Research with the Social Sciences, and Wood, Geoffrey

Subjects
Education -- Effect of technological innovations on, Educational technology, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Learning, Principal components analysis, Mobile communication systems in education, Regression analysis
Abstract

This research explores the educators' attitudes and behavioural intention toward mobile applications. The methodology integrates measures from ‘the pace of technological innovativeness’ and the ‘technology acceptance model’ to understand the rationale for further investment in mobile learning (m-learning). It has investigated the educators’ stance toward ubiquitous learning resources, including mobile applications (apps) in schools. A principal component analysis has indicated that the educators were committed to using mobile technologies. In addition, a stepwise regression analysis has indicated the socio-demographic variables affected the educators’ perceived ease of use and usefulness of mobile technologies in classroom activities. This study has shown that that the younger female respondents were increasingly engaging in m-learning resources. In conclusion, this contribution puts forward key implications for both academia and practitioners., Ministry of Education and Employment, Malta., peer-reviewed

Published
2017

15. Strain effects on the oxidation of CO and HCOOH on Au-Pd core-shell nanoparticles

Author

British Academy, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Sasol, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Bristol, German Research Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), European Commission, Celorrio, Verónica [0000-0002-2818-3844], Quaino, Paola [0000-0003-1311-5213], Guillén-Villafuerte, O. [0000-0002-8930-9236], Plana, Daniela [0000-0002-4844-5282], Lázaro Elorri, María Jesús [0000-0002-4769-2564], Pastor Tejera, Elena [0000-0001-6732-5828], Fermín, David J. [0000-0002-0376-5506], Celorrio, Verónica, Quaino, Paola, Santos, Elizabeth, Flórez-Montaño, Jonathan, Humphrey, Jo J. L., Guillén-Villafuerte, O., Plana, Daniela, Lázaro Elorri, María Jesús, Pastor Tejera, Elena, Fermin, David J., British Academy, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Sasol, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Bristol, German Research Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), European Commission, Celorrio, Verónica [0000-0002-2818-3844], Quaino, Paola [0000-0003-1311-5213], Guillén-Villafuerte, O. [0000-0002-8930-9236], Plana, Daniela [0000-0002-4844-5282], Lázaro Elorri, María Jesús [0000-0002-4769-2564], Pastor Tejera, Elena [0000-0001-6732-5828], Fermín, David J. [0000-0002-0376-5506], Celorrio, Verónica, Quaino, Paola, Santos, Elizabeth, Flórez-Montaño, Jonathan, Humphrey, Jo J. L., Guillén-Villafuerte, O., Plana, Daniela, Lázaro Elorri, María Jesús, Pastor Tejera, Elena, and Fermin, David J.

Abstract

The mechanism of CO and HCOOH electrooxidation in an acidic solution on carbon-supported Au–Pd core–shell nanoparticles was investigated by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Analysis performed in nanostructures with 1.3 ± 0.1 nm (CS1) and 9.9 ± 1.1 nm (CS10) Pd shells provides compelling evidence that the mechanism of adsorbed CO (COads) oxidation is affected by structural and electronic effects introduced by the Au cores. In the case of CS10, a band associated with adsorbed OH species (OHads) is observed in the potential range of CO oxidation. This feature is not detected in the case of CS1, suggesting that the reaction follows an alternative mechanism involving COOHads species. The faradaic charge associated with COads oxidation as well as the Stark slope measured from FTIR indicates that the overall affinity and orbital coupling of CO to Pd are weaker for CS1 shells. FTIR spectroscopy also revealed the presence of HCOOads intermediate species only in the case of CS1. This observation allowed us to conclude that the higher activity of CS10 toward this reaction is due to a fast HCOOads oxidation step, probably involving OHads, to generate CO2. Density functional theory calculations are used to estimate the contributions of the so-called ligand and strain effects on the local density of states of the Pd d-band. The calculations strongly suggest that the key parameter contributing to the change in mechanism is the effective lattice strain.

Published
2017

16. The carnivorous feeding behavior of early humans at HWK EE, Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Author

European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), British Academy, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Pante, Michael C., Njau, Jackson K., Hensley-Marschand, Blaire, Keevil, Trevor L., Martín-Ramos, Carmen, Peters, Renata F., Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), British Academy, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Pante, Michael C., Njau, Jackson K., Hensley-Marschand, Blaire, Keevil, Trevor L., Martín-Ramos, Carmen, Peters, Renata F., and Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la

Abstract

The regular consumption of large mammal carcasses, as evidenced by butchery marks on fossils recovered from Early Stone Age archaeological sites, roughly coincides with the appearance of Homo habilis. However, the significance of this niche expansion cannot be appreciated without an understanding of hominin feeding behavior and their ecological interactions with mammalian carnivores. The Olduvai Geochronology and Archaeology Project (OGAP) has recovered a large and well-preserved fossil assemblage from the HWK EE site, which was deposited just prior to the first appearance of Acheulean technology at Olduvai Gorge and likely represents one of the last H. habilis sites at Olduvai. This taphonomic analysis of the larger mammal fossil assemblage excavated from HWK EE shows evidence of multiple occupations over a long period of time, suggesting the site offered resources that were attractive to hominins. There was a water source indicated by the presence of fish, crocodiles, and hippos, and there was possible tree cover in an otherwise open habitat. The site preserves several stratigraphic intervals with large fossil and artifact assemblages within two of these intervals. Feeding traces on bone surfaces suggest hominins at the site obtained substantial amounts of flesh and marrow, particularly from smaller size group 1e2 carcasses, and exploited a wide range of taxa, including megafauna. A strong carnivore signal suggests hominins scavenged much of their animal foods during the two main stratigraphic intervals. In the later interval, lower carnivore tooth mark and hammerstone percussion mark frequencies, in addition to high epiphyseal to shaft fragment ratios, suggest hominins and carnivores did not fully exploit bone marrow and grease, which may have been acquired from nutritionally-stressed animals that died during a dry period at Olduvai. The diversity of fauna that preserve evidence of butchery suggests that the HWK EE hominins were opportunistic in their acquisition

Published
2017

17. The contexts and early Acheulean archaeology of the EF-HR paleo-landscape (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)

Author

Palaeontological Scientific Trust, German Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), British Academy, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Albert, Rosa M., Macphail, Richard, McHenry, Lindsay J., Pante, Michael C., Rodríguez-Cintas, Ágata, Stanistreet, Ian G., Stollhofen, Harald, Palaeontological Scientific Trust, German Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), British Academy, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Albert, Rosa M., Macphail, Richard, McHenry, Lindsay J., Pante, Michael C., Rodríguez-Cintas, Ágata, Stanistreet, Ian G., and Stollhofen, Harald

Abstract

Renewed fieldwork at the early Acheulean site of EF-HR (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania) has included detailed stratigraphic studies of the sequence, extended excavations in the main site, and has placed eleven additional trenches within an area of nearly 1 km2 , to sample the same stratigraphic interval as in the main trench across the broader paleo-landscape. Our new stratigraphic work suggests that EF-HR is positioned higher in the Bed II sequence than previously proposed, which has implications for the age of the site and its stratigraphic correlation to other Olduvai Middle Bed II sites. Geological research shows that the main EF-HR site was situated at the deepest part of an incised valley formed through river erosion. Archaeological excavations at the main site and nearby trenches have unearthed a large new assemblage, with more than 3000 fossils and artefacts, including a hundred handaxes in stratigraphic position. In addition, our test-trenching approach has detected conspicuous differences in the density of artefacts across the landscape, with a large cluster of archaeological material in and around the main trench, and less intense human activity at the same level in the more distant satellite trenches. All of these aspects are discussed in this paper in the light of site formation processes, behavioral contexts, and their implications for our understanding of the early Acheulean at Olduvai Gorge.

Published
2017

18. New excavations at the HWK EE site: Archaeology, paleoenvironment and site formation processes during late Oldwan times at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Author

Palaeontological Scientific Trust, German Science Foundation, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), British Academy, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Mora, Rafael [0000-0001-7824-6818], Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Albert, Rosa M., Arroyo, Adrián, Macphail, Richard, McHenry, Lindsay J., Mora, Rafael, Njau, Jackson K., Pante, Michael C., Rivera-Rondón, Carlos A., Rodríguez-Cintas, Ágata, Stanistreet, Ian G., Stollhofen, Harald, Wehr, Karol, Palaeontological Scientific Trust, German Science Foundation, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), British Academy, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Mora, Rafael [0000-0001-7824-6818], Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Albert, Rosa M., Arroyo, Adrián, Macphail, Richard, McHenry, Lindsay J., Mora, Rafael, Njau, Jackson K., Pante, Michael C., Rivera-Rondón, Carlos A., Rodríguez-Cintas, Ágata, Stanistreet, Ian G., Stollhofen, Harald, and Wehr, Karol

Abstract

This paper reports the results of renewed fieldwork at the HWK EE site (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania). HWK EE is positioned across the boundary between Lower and Middle Bed II, a crucial interval for studying the emergence of the Acheulean at Olduvai Gorge. Our excavations at HWK EE have produced one of the largest collections of fossils and artefacts from any Oldowan site, distributed across several archaeological units and a large excavation surface in four separate trenches that can be stratigraphically correlated. Here we present the main stratigraphic and archaeological units and discuss site formation processes. Results show a great density of fossils and stone tools vertically through two stratigraphic intervals (Lemuta and Lower Augitic Sandstone) and laterally across an area of around 300 m2 , and highlight the confluence of biotic and abiotic agents in the formation of the assemblage. The large size and diversity of the assemblage, as well as its good preservation, qualify HWK EE as a reference site for the study of the late Oldowan at Olduvai Gorge and elsewhere in Africa. In addition, the description of the stratigraphic and archaeological sequence of HWK EE presented in this paper constitutes the foundation for further studies on hominin behavior and paleoecology in Lower and Middle Bed II.

Published
2017

19. Site formation processes of the early Acheulean assemblage at EF-HR (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)

Author

National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, British Academy, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Wehr, Karol, National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, British Academy, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, and Wehr, Karol

Abstract

This paper investigates the formation history of the early Acheulean site of EF-HR (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania). Our study focuses on the main site (T2-Main Trench) and adjacent trenches (T12 and T9), which constitute the bulk of the archaeological assemblage recently excavated in the EF-HR area (de la Torre et al., 2018a). Site formation processes are investigated through taphonomic proxies and spatial analysis, and consider artifact features, orientation patterns, and topographic data retrieved during archaeological excavation. This enables an assessment of the impact of natural agents on the assemblage and a discussion of the relevance of water disturbance in shaping the structure of the EF-HR archaeological record. Our results indicate that fluvial action over the assemblage was significant, although it is likely that EF-HR still preserves areas marginally affected by water sorting and rearrangement. In summary, by applying a novel approach that combines a systematic analysis of artifact attributes with GIS spatial analysis of archaeological remains and topographic features, our study aims to provide a fresh look at the interaction of human and natural agents in the formation of Early Stone Age assemblages at Olduvai Gorge.

Published
2017

21. Pierre Werner, A visionary European and Consensus Builder

Author

British Aacademy [research center], Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH) > Contemporary European History (EHI) [research center], British Academy, European Central Bank, National Bank of Belgium, Robert Triffin International Association [sponsor], Danescu, Elena, British Aacademy [research center], Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH) > Contemporary European History (EHI) [research center], British Academy, European Central Bank, National Bank of Belgium, Robert Triffin International Association [sponsor], and Danescu, Elena

Abstract

As prime minister and finance minister of Luxembourg over 30 years, Pierre Werner played a major role in the building of a united Europe. This Christian Democratic intellectual and committed federalist gained strong reputation as a consensus-builder between larger powers (Germany and France) and between diametrically opposed positions (‘economists’ and ‘monetarists’), as well as for his ideas on monetary integration. From early 1950s, Werner advocates a European monetary system based on a currency unit and on a clearing house for central banks. In 1968 he delivered a clear roadmap to EMU founded on a symmetrical economic and monetary union, with political union as the ultimate goal. Werner’s vital input and the ‘effective parallelism’ principle he imagined, were evident in the Werner Report of 1970, which was offered as the blueprint for EMU in the EU. Based on the Werner family archives and original interviews, this chapter highlights Werner’s contribution as architect of EMU in a threefold way: intellectual input, negotiation methods and consensus building.

Published
2016

22. Authoritarian and Democratic Diffusion in Post-Communist Regions

Author

London School of Economics and Political Science, British Academy, Harvard University, National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russia), Lankina, Tomila, Libman, Alexander, Obydenkova, Anastassia V., London School of Economics and Political Science, British Academy, Harvard University, National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russia), Lankina, Tomila, Libman, Alexander, and Obydenkova, Anastassia V.

Abstract

There is a rich body of theorizing on the diffusion of democracy across space and time. There is also an emerging scholarship on authoritarian diffusion. The dynamics of the interaction between external democratic and autocratic diffusion processes and their effects on national and sub-national political regime outcomes have received scant attention in the literature. Do democratic diffusion processes help counter external authoritarian influences? And, in contexts where external diffusion of democratic influences is weak, do we observe greater susceptibility to diffusion from regional autocracies that might in turn reinforce authoritarian practices and institutions in “recipient” states? To address these questions, we perform analysis of data from two original under-utilized data sets—a data set on the European Union (EU) aid to Russia’s regions and a data set with statistics on trade among post-Soviet states. We find that EU aid has the effect of countering external authoritarian influences that work through Soviet-era inter-regional economic ties

Published
2016

24. Experimental evidence for the co-evolution of hominin tool-making teaching and language

Author

European Commission, British Academy, Leverhulme Trust, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Morgan, Thomas, Rendell, Luke, Chouinard-Thuly, Laura, Street, S. E., Lewis, H. M., Cross, C. P., Evans, C., Kearney, R., Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Withen, Andrew, Lala, Kevin, European Commission, British Academy, Leverhulme Trust, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la [0000-0002-1805-634X], Morgan, Thomas, Rendell, Luke, Chouinard-Thuly, Laura, Street, S. E., Lewis, H. M., Cross, C. P., Evans, C., Kearney, R., Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Withen, Andrew, and Lala, Kevin

Abstract

Hominin reliance on Oldowan stone tools—which appear from 2.5 mya and are believed to have been socially transmitted—has been hypothesized to have led to the evolution of teaching and language. Here we present an experiment investigating the efficacy of transmission of Oldowan tool-making skills along chains of adult human participants (N ¼ 184) using five different transmission mechanisms. Across six measures, transmission improves with teaching, and particularly with language, but not with imitation or emulation. Our results support the hypothesis that hominin reliance on stone tool-making generated selection for teaching and language, and imply that (i) low-fidelity social transmission, such as imitation/emulation, may have contributed to the B700,000 year stasis of the Oldowan technocomplex, and (ii) teaching or proto-language may have been pre-requisites for the appearance of Acheulean technology. This work supports a gradual evolution of language, with simple symbolic communication preceding behavioural modernity by hundreds of thousands of years.

Published
2015

25. Brain charts for the human lifespan

Author

Armin Raznahan, Eric Courchesne, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Cameron T. Ellis, R.C. Gur, Bin Bae J, Park Mtm, Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa, Simon N. Vandekar, Jacob W. Vogel, Juan Zhou, Machteld Marcelis, Kiho Im, Patricia Ellen Grant, Minhui Ouyang, Blesa Cabez M, Michael V. Lombardo, Sarah E. Morgan, James P. Boardman, Adamson C, Calhoun Vd, Delarue M, James H. Cole, Pichet Binette A, Roberto Toro, David H. Rowitch, Nynke A. Groenewold, Kevin M. Anderson, David T.W. Jones, Michael Schöll, Wang Ys, Aiden Corvin, R.E. Gur, Damien A. Fair, Gareth Ball, Herma Lina Schaare, Andrew Zalesky, Evdokia Anagnostou, Michael J. Meaney, Taki Y, Gareth J. Sullivan, Warrier, Petra E. Vértes, Chixiang Chen, Lisa T. Eyler, Wei Liao, Tomáš Paus, Jeremy A. Elman, Phillip McGuire, Hisham Ziauddeen, William S. Kremen, Etienne Vachon-Presseau, E.T. Bullmore, Christophe Tzourio, White, Hammill Cf, Mothersill D, Richard N. Henson, Jiang Qiu, Duncan E. Astle, Fabrice Crivello, Paul C. Fletcher, Chertavian C, Kim K, Jennifer Crosbie, Russell Schachar, Gabriel A. Devenyi, Manfred G. Kitzbichler, Tianye Jia, Trey Hedden, Sang Jae Lee, Ross D. Markello, Silke Kern, Ian M. Goodyer, Keith A. Johnson, Frauke Beyer, Bernard Mazoyer, A. Heinz, Sylvane Desrivières, Rosenberg, Gary Donohoe, Ong Mq, Alexander D. Edwards, Dan J. Stein, Nenad Medic, Zuo Xn, Travis T. Mallard, Peter Fonagy, Lindsay W. Victoria, Ingmar Skoog, Avram J. Holmes, Jason P. Lerch, Jed T. Elison, Jianfu Li, John H. Gilmore, Rosemary Holt, Caitlin K. Rollins, Carol E. Franz, Pedro Mario Pan, Saashi A Bedford, Yang N, Jonathan C Ipser, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Tuulari Jj, Stolicyn A, Hua Huang, Bratislav Misic, Conor Liston, Ayub M, Lisa Ronan, Yeo Bt, Sophie Adler, Charles J. Lynch, Faith M. Gunning, Konrad Wagstyl, M. Mallar Chakravarty, John Suckling, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Bharath Holla, Yap Seng Chong, Jinglei Lv, Jakob Seidlitz, Niall J Bourke, Xinlei Qian, Simon Baron-Cohen, Cynthia M. Ortinau, Deirel Paz Linares, Thyreau B, René S. Kahn, Aaron P. Schultz, Vanessa Cropley, Eric Westman, Mitchell Valdés-Sosa, Rik Ossenkoppele, André Zugman, Hasse Karlsson, Sylvia Villeneuve, Katja Heuer, Di Biase Ma, Margaret L. Westwater, Sofie L. Valk, David J. Sharp, Brigitte Landeau, Matthew Borzage, Kirsten A. Donald, Timothy Rittman, Richard Beare, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Gunter Schumann, Ryuta Kawashima, Romero-Garcia R, John Blangero, Yun Hj, Russel T. Shinohara, Nicolas Crossley, Simon K. Warfield, Karen Pierce, George S. Alexopoulos, Katharine Dunlop, David C. Glahn, Francois Lalonde, Anqi Qiu, Lana Vasung, Gaël Chételat, Lídice Galán-García, Clifford R. Jack, Reisa A. Sperling, Anna Zettergren, Elizabeth Kelley, Arno Villringer, Andrea Mechelli, Benegal, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, van Amelsvoort T, John D. Lewis, Heather C. Whalley, A. V. Witte, Zdenka Pausova, Joel T. Nigg, Heather J. Zar, Raymond J. Dolan, Christopher D. Smyser, Jay N. Giedd, Lena Palaniyappan, Ali Gholipour, Areces-Gonzalez A, Peter B. Jones, Jacqueline Hoare, Oskar Hansson, Linnea Karlsson, C Pantelis, Paly L, Bonnie Auyeung, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Bethlehem, Richard [0000-0002-0714-0685], White, Simon [0000-0001-8642-7037], Astle, Duncan [0000-0002-7042-5392], Baron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544], Henson, Rik [0000-0002-0712-2639], Jones, Peter [0000-0002-0387-880X], Kitzbichler, Manfred [0000-0002-4494-0753], Rittman, Timothy [0000-0003-1063-6937], Rowitch, David [0000-0002-0079-0060], Tsvetanov, Kamen A. [0000-0002-3178-6363], Westwater-Wozniak, Margaret [0000-0002-2918-0979], Ziauddeen, Hisham [0000-0003-4044-1719], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, British Academy, Autism Research Trust, National Institute of Mental Health (US), UK Research and Innovation, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Wellcome Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Pennsylvania, Yale University [New Haven], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department [AP- HP Hôpital Robert Debré], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de Neuroscience - Department of Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire / Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity [Paris, France] (CRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, 3R-BRAIN, AIBL, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators, CALM Team, Cam-CAN, CCNP, COBRE, cVEDA, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age Working Group, Developing Human Connectome Project, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, IMAGEN, KNE96, The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NSPN, POND, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, [Bethlehem, R. A. I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Auyeung, B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Baron-Cohen, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Bedford, S. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Holt, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Lombardo, M. V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Bethlehem, R. A. I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England, [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England, [Seidlitz, J.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Vogel, J. W.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Gur, R. E.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Gur, R. C.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Jackowski, A. P.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Satterthwaite, T. D.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Seidlitz, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Seidlitz, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Chertavian, C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Gur, R. E.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Gur, R. C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [White, S. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Goodyer, I. M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Henson, R. N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Jones, P. B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Medic, N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Morgan, S. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Ronan, L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Suckling, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Vertes, P. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Warrier, V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Westwater, M. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Ziauddeen, H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Bullmore, E. T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [White, S. R.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Biostat Unit, Cambridge, England, [Vogel, J. W.] Univ Penn, Lifespan Informat & Neuroimaging Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Satterthwaite, T. D.] Univ Penn, Lifespan Informat & Neuroimaging Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Anderson, K. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Ellis, C. T.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Turk-Browne, N. B.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT USA, [Adamson, C.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Ball, G.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Beare, R.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Jackowski, A. P.] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dev Imaging, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Adamson, C.] Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Beare, R.] Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Adler, S.] UCL Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, London, England, [Alexopoulos, G. S.] Weill Cornell Med, Dept Psychiat, Weill Cornell Inst Geriatr Psychiat, New York, NY USA, [Anagnostou, E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Anagnostou, E.] Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabil Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Pierce, K.] Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabil Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Areces-Gonzalez, A.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, MOE Key Lab NeuroInformat, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Paz-Linares, D.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, MOE Key Lab NeuroInformat, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Areces-Gonzalez, A.] Univ Pinar del Rio Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca, Pinar Del Rio, Cuba, [Astle, D. E.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Henson, R. N.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Whalley, H. C.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Auyeung, B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Pausova, Z.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Ayub, M.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Ayub, M.] UCL, Mental Hlth Neurosci Res Dept, Div Psychiat, London, England, [Bae, J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Seongnam, South Korea, [Ball, G.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Baron-Cohen, S.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge Lifetime Asperger Syndrome Serv CLASS, Cambridge, England, [Benegal, V.] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci NIMHANS, Ctr Addict Med, Bengaluru, India, [Beyer, F.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Villringer, A.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Witte, A. V.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Blangero, J.] Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, South Texas Diabet & Obes Inst, Dept Human Genet, Edinburg, TX USA, [Blesa Cabez, M.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Boardman, J. P.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Sullivan, G.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Borzage, M.] Univ Southern Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Keck Sch Med, Fetal & Neonatal Inst,Div Neonatol,Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA, [Bosch-Bayard, J. F.] Montreal Neurol Inst, Ludmer Ctr Neuroinformat & Mental Hlth, McGill Ctr Integrat Neurosci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Bosch-Bayard, J. F.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Chakravarty, M. 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A.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Lv, J.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Zalesky, A.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Hammill, C. F.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Schachar, R. J.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Crossley, N.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Santiago, Chile, [Crossley, N.] Kings Coll London, Dept Psychosis Studies, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England, [McGuire, P.] Kings Coll London, Dept Psychosis Studies, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England, [Crossley, N.] Inst Milenio Intelligent Healthcare Engn, Santiago, Chile, [Delorme, R.] Robert Debre Univ Hosp, AP HP, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Paris, France, [Delorme, R.] Inst Pasteur, Human Genet & Cognit Funct, Paris, France, [Desrivieres, S.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London, England, [Devenyi, G. A.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, McGill Dept Psychiat, Cerebral Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Devenyi, G. A.] McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Di Biase, M. 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D.] Evelina London Childrens Hosp, London, England, [Edwards, A. D.] MRC Ctr Neurodev Disorders, London, England, [Elison, J. T.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Inst Dev Brain, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA, [Fair, D. A.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Inst Dev Brain, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA, [Feczko, E.] Univ Minnesota, Mason Inst Dev Brain, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA, [Ellis, C. T.] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT USA, [Elman, J. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genet Aging, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, [Franz, C. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genet Aging, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, [Kremen, W. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genet Aging, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, [Eyler, L.] VA San Diego Healthcare, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr, San Diego, CA USA, [Eyler, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA, [Fletcher, P. 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P.] Natl Inst Dev Psychiat, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Jia, T.] Fudan Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Brain Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Jia, T.] Fudan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Computat Neurosci & Brain Inspired Intell, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Jia, T.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, Ctr Populat Neurosci & Precis Med PONS, SGDP Ctr, London, England, [Johnson, K. A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Schultz, A. P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Sperling, R. A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Johnson, K. A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Ctr Alzheimer Res & Treatment, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Sperling, R. A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Ctr Alzheimer Res & Treatment, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Johnson, K. 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A.] Queens Univ, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Kern, S.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Skoog, I.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Zettergren, A.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Kern, S.] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Psychiat Cognit & Old Age Psychiat Clin, Reg Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Skoog, I.] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Psychiat Cognit & Old Age Psychiat Clin, Reg Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Coll Nat Sci, Seoul, South Korea, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Seongnam, South Korea, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea, [Kim, K. W.] SNU MRC, Inst Human Behav Med, Seoul, South Korea, [Lalonde, F.] NIMH, Sect Dev Neurogenom, Human Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Raznahan, A.] NIMH, Sect Dev Neurogenom, Human Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Lee, S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Seoul, South Korea, [Lerch, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Lerch, J.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, FMRIB, Wellcome Ctr Integrat Neuroimaging, Oxford, England, [Lewis, J. D.] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Li, J.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Liao, W.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Clin Hosp, Chengdu Brain Sci Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China, [Valdes-Sosa, P. 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E.] Alan Turing Inst, London, England, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Coll Ireland, Sch Business, Dept Psychol, Dublin, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Psychol, Galway, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Neuroimaging & Cognit Genom, Galway, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland, [Nigg, J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA, [Ong, M. Q. W.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Qian, X.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Zhou, J. 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D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Stein, D. J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, SA MRC Unit Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa, [Stein, D. J.] Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa, [Stolicyn, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Whalley, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Toro, R.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Neurosci, Paris, France, [Traut, N.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Neurosci, Paris, France, [Traut, N.] Univ Paris 05, Ctr Res & Interdisciplinar CRI, Paris, France, [Tsvetanov, K. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, England, [Turk-Browne, N. B.] Yale Univ, Wu Tsai Inst, New Haven, CT USA, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Dept Clin Med, Turku, Finland, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Turku Coll Sci Med & Technol, Turku, Finland, [Tzourio, C.] Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Populat Hlth Res Ctr, CHU Bordeaux, U1219,INSERM, Bordeaux, France, [Vachon-Presseau, E.] McGill Univ, Fac Dent Med & Oral Hlth Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Valdes-Sosa, P. A.] McGill Univ, Alan Edwards Ctr Res Pain AECRP, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Valk, S. L.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med 7, Julich, Germany, [Valk, S. L.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Leipzig, Germany, [van Amelsvoort, T.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neurosychol, Maastricht, Netherlands, [Vandekar, S. N.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, [Villeneuve, S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA, [Villringer, A.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Witte, A. V.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Zuo, X. N.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Wang, Y. S.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yeo, B.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Lifespan Dev Brain & Mind, Inst Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Lifespan Dev Brain & Mind, Inst Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Westman, E.] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Alzheimer Res, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Clin Geriatr, Stockholm, Sweden, [Witte, A. V.] Univ Leipzig, CRC 1052 Obes Mech, Fac Med, Leipzig, Germany, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Translat MR Res, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, N1 Inst Hlth, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Digital Med, Singapore, Singapore, [Yun, H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Integrat Sci & Engn Programme ISEP, Singapore, Singapore, [Zar, H. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Biomed Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Translat Magnet Resonance Res, Singapore, Singapore, [Ziauddeen, H.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome Trust MRC Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge, England, [Zugman, A.] NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Zugman, A.] Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Zuo, X. N.] Nanning Normal Univ, Sch Educ Sci, Key Lab Brain & Educ, Nanning, Peoples R China, British Academy Postdoctoral fellowship, NIMH, UKRI Medical Research Council, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Senior Investigator award, MRC research infrastructure award, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and Ontario Brain Institute

Subjects
631/378/2649, OpenPain Project, KNE96, Growth, Psychiatric-disorders, DISEASE, 3R-BRAIN, Brain charts, MRI Brain, OASIS-3, Disease, CCNP, 631/378/2571, UMN BCP, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS, article, Brain, Human brain, ASSOCIATION, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Harvard Aging Brain Study, The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NSPN, medicine.anatomical_structure, GROWTH, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ddc:500, BURDEN, WHITE-MATTER, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Organization, Mri, MRI, medicine.medical_specialty, Concurrent validity, MODELS, Cam-CAN, Longevity, CALM Team, POND, Neuroimaging, Burden, ORGANIZATION, AIBL, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, Cortical thickness, Association, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, FinnBrain, IMAGEN, KNE96, White-matter, medicine, Humans, ASRB, 631/378/1689, COBRE, business.industry, 631/378/2611, Brain morphometry, Neurosciences, Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators, Magnetic resonance imaging, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Anthropometry, Body Height, Brain growth, Birth, 59/57, Normative, IMAGEN, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age working group, NSPN, business, CCNP, 3R-BRAIN, CORTICAL THICKNESS, Developing Human Connectome Project, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age working group, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, Bullmore, E.T
Abstract

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes., R.A.I.B. was supported by a British Academy Postdoctoral fellowship and by the Autism Research Trust. J. Seidlitz was supported by NIMH T32MH019112-29 and K08MH120564. S.R.W. was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council MC_UU_00002/2 and was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014). E.T.B. was supported by an NIHR Senior Investigator award and the Wellcome Trust collaborative award for the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network. A.F.A.-B. was supported by NIMH K08MH120564. Data were curated and analysed using a computational facility funded by an MRC research infrastructure award (MR/M009041/1) to the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge and supported by the mental health theme of the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.

Published
2022
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26. Invented Borders: The Tension Between Grassroots Patriotism and State-Led Patriotic Campaigns in China

Author

Chi Zhang, Yiben Ma, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. School of International Relations

Subjects
Nationalism, Low-level red, T-NDAS, Geography, Planning and Development, Development, Social media, MCP, JQ, Political Science and International Relations, High-level black, Propaganda, Satire, JQ Political institutions Asia, Patriotic campaigns
Abstract

Funding: Chi Zhang is funded by the British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship (PF20/100052). Patriotic campaigns and mass mobilization draw on existing xenophobic attitudes of the public, reinforcing the ‘us vs. them’ dualism between China and ‘the West’. However, patriotic campaigns are not always top-down, state-led, nor are they always primarily driven by political ideology. Patriotic content appeals to a growing nationalist audience who consumes a mixed feeling of perceived victimization at the hand of foreign aggression and the pride arising from being a Chinese citizen. This paper argues that the profitability of patriotic content circulating on social media exacerbated the tension between market-driven grassroots patriotism and state-led patriotic campaigns. The tension grows out of, and is manifested in, the online popular debate around economically driven, grassroots ‘patriotic’ content that can challenge the state state-led patriotic rhetoric. While the state sometimes strategically co-opts some patriotic contents into its own patriotic narratives, it also delegitimises other undesired ones through labels such as ‘high-level black’ (gaoji hei) or ‘low-level red’ (diji hong). These labels were initially used to differentiate meticulously crafted political satire and parody from incompetent, illogical and vulgar propaganda pieces that unintendedly blemish the state’s patriotic campaigns, but later evolved into an exercise of power to distance the CCP from undesired patriotic content. Publisher PDF

Published
2023
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27. A radical-local approach to bringing cultural practices into mathematics teaching in Ghanaian primary schools, exemplified in the case of measurement

Author

Davis, Ernest K., Chaiklin, Seth, and The British Academy - British Academy Visiting Scholar Scheme/University of Bath

Subjects
attributes, measurement, radical-local, teaching, understanding, sub-Saharan Africa mathematics teacher education
Abstract

The main aim of this article is to put forward the idea of the general value of the radical-local approach to teaching and learning for the development of mathematics teaching in Ghana, both in relation to classroom teaching and for teacher training. To illustrate this idea, this article reports on a study that drew on aspects of the radical-local approach to teaching and learning (Hedegaard & Chaiklin, 2005), to teach the idea of measurement to primary four school children from an average rural school in Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. The first four teaching sessions with a primary four class are described. Each of the teaching sessions drew on the social and cultural practices of the children to help them form an idea of what measurement is and which physical properties could be measured from given objects. Qualitative analysis of the teaching sessions revealed that the teaching approach enabled children to change their notion of measurements as involving measuring tables, chairs and human beings and so on, to measuring attributes of these objects. It also helped the pupils appreciate that several attributes could be measured from a given object. The study supports the idea that a radical-local approach can be used to teach measurement meaningfully to pupils, and has potential to be used for mathematics teaching more generally. Implications for mathematics teacher education in Ghana and similar sub-Saharan African countries are discussed.

Published
2015

28. Impaired, 'easy prey' saved by the she-empowering state : official narratives of 'Xinjiang women' in China's 'People's War on Terror'

Author

Pablo A. Rodríguez-Merino, Chi Zhang, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. School of International Relations

Subjects
China, Sociology and Political Science, T-NDAS, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Gender, Gender Studies, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Agency, MCP, Political Science and International Relations, Uyghur, Terrorism, JZ International relations, JZ
Abstract

This work was supported by the British Academy [Grant Number PF20_100052]. Feminist approaches to international security have revealed persistent gendered stereotypes in the construction of women in contexts of political violence and terrorism, including the Global War on Terror. Acknowledging the parallelism with the United States-led enterprise in its endeavor to “save” a female population and re-posing one of the most significant questions in gender-informed security studies, this article asks “Where are the women in China’s ‘People’s War on Terror’ (PWoT)?” It takes the idea of agency as pivotal in answering this question and investigates how the Chinese state has (im)mobilized, through concealment or deployment, the idea of and potential for agency when positioning Uyghur and other Turkic Muslim women in Xinjiang as specific subjects in the context of the PWoT. The article reveals the establishment of a gendered hierarchy of power in the Chinese counterterrorism playbook, one that fixes “Xinjiang women” as securitized and passive victims in need of rescuing by a state that continues to suppress their agency, despite official claims to the contrary. Publisher PDF

Published
2023

29. Identifying intentional flake production at the dawn of technology: A technological and 3D geometric morphometric study

Author

Tomos Proffitt, Jonathan S. Reeves, Tiago Falótico, Adrián Arroyo, Ignacio de la Torre, Eduardo B. Ottoni, Lydia V. Luncz, Leakey Foundation, British Academy, Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, and de la Torre, Ignacio

Subjects
Archeology, Percussive technology, Oldowan, Primate tool use, Capuchins
Abstract

The production of sharp-edged stone flakes is often viewed as a unique adaptation specific to the hominin lineage. The discovery of large stone cores and flakes dated to 3.3 Ma has shown that the earliest evidence of hominin stone flake production differs from the later Oldowan (dated to 2.6 Ma) record. Recent discoveries have shown that capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) can unintentionally produce sharp-edged flake assemblages as a by-product of percussive behaviour. Capuchin monkeys are the only wild primate to intentionally strike two stones together (stone-on-stone percussion) to produce quartz powder. In doing so, they unintentionally produce high frequencies of sharp-edged flakes. It has been suggested that these possess the same technological attributes commonly used to describe intentional hominin stone flakes. Here we directly compare the basic morphometric descriptions, technological and 3D morphometric properties of unintentional capuchin flakes with experimentally produced flakes derived from two intentional flaking techniques employed during the Plio-Pleistocene, freehand and passive hammer knapping and a sample of Oldowan freehand flakes from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). Our results show that unintentional stone-on-stone flakes overlap in terms of their shape, size and technological attributes with those produced through intentional knapping techniques. We, however, identify attributes that may be critical for differentiating between intentional knapping techniques documented in the early archaeological record and unintentional flakes. Using these data we show that Oldowan flakes more closely resemble intentional freehand techniques., Fieldwork at SCNP was approved by Brazilian environmental protection agencies (IBAMA/ICMBio authorizations 14825–1 and 60134–1). Support for fieldwork and analysis was provided by FUMDHAM and funded by a Leakey Foundation Grant and British Academy Fellowship (Project Number: 542133) (to T.P.). Support was also provided by the Max Planck Society (Technological Primates Research Group). T.F. is supported by grants #2019/00716–2 and #2018/01292–9, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). AA is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Maria de Maeztu” excellence accreditation (CEX 2019-000945-M), and the Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR projects 2017- SGR-1040. I. de la T. is supported by the European Research Council (BICAEHFID) Advanced Grant – 832980. E.B.O is supported by FAPESP grant #2014/04818–0; CNPq PQ grant # 308746/2017–1

Published
2023

30. The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset: When leaders use ascriptive identity to build military loyalty

Author

Kristen A. Harkness, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. School of International Relations

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Core (game theory), media_common.quotation_subject, Political Science and International Relations, Loyalty, Ethnic group, Identity (social science), DAS, Gender studies, JZ International relations, Sociology, JZ, media_common
Abstract

This work was supported by the British Academy (grant number SG171429). Ethnicity has played a core role in the construction of African security institutions, with leaders often relying on coethnics to secure military loyalty. Such practices, termed ethnic stacking, likely have profound consequences for a range of important outcomes, from combat effectiveness to coup propensity to democratization. The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset provides the first comprehensive data on the ethnic stacking practices of all African countries, from independence to 2018 (with 95.7% of leaders and 98.3% of country years recovered). This new data will allow scholars to better understand African militaries and their behavior and capabilities. Publisher PDF

Published
2021
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31. China’s emergence and development challenges that China faces in Central Asia

Author

Zhang, Chi, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. School of International Relations

Subjects
MCC, Central Asia, Belt and road initiative, Sino-Russian relations, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Security cooperation, T-DAS, Terrorism, JZ International relations, DS Asia, JZ, DS
Abstract

Funding: British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship: PF20_100052. Development in Central Asia faces intensifying headwinds in various aspects. Terrorism and political instability have been the primary sources of concern for this chessboard of rivaling great powers. The US’s withdrawal from Afghanistan left a power vacuum, and the region’s future is further clouded by elevated uncertainty. The so-called ‘new Cold War’ discourse is becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy that contextualizes regional geopolitical maneuverings. These developments present a pressing need to evaluate development challenges in Central Asia in the context of China’s rising influence in the region through the Belt and Road Initiative and other regional frameworks, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and China Pakistan Economic Corridor. This paper seeks to examine the shifting geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape in Central Asia in the context of global ideological confrontations and the regional Great Game between China and Russia. Drawing on think tank reports, English-language media reports, and scholarly works, it argues that China’s investment and development strategy in Central Asia can be improved by giving geopolitical and geoeconomic factors full consideration. The changing political dynamics in the region have significant implications for China’s engagement with Central Asian countries, its broader Belt and Road Initiative extending through Central Asia to Europe, and development challenges that transcend the dualistic categorization of development and security. Publisher PDF

Published
2022
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32. Utopias of Oil

Author

Mette High, European Research Council, The Leverhulme Trust, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. Social Anthropology

Subjects
MCC, HD, Energy, T-NDAS, Capitalist visions, Oil, United States, AC, HD Industries. Land use. Labor, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), GN, Anthropology, GN Anthropology, Utopia, Finance, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract

Funding: In addition to the funding I have received from the European Research Council (grant agreement No. 715146), I also gratefully acknowledge funding for this research from the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2013-177) and the British Academy (EN150010). At a time of a "private equity oil rush," this essay explores how oil industry entrepreneurs with ambitions of setting up their own oil-production companies are encouraged to "dream big"- yet are ultimately disciplined and let down- by private equity finance in the state of Colorado in the United States. Motivated by a desire to "do oil differently," these start-ups articulate utopian visions that draw on inequalities in extractive economies to promote an ethos of care and inclusion. I argue that while economic imaginations are commonly seen to offer alternatives to and critiques of capitalism, it is important also to attend to articulations of capitalist utopia. As private equity has come to form a secreted infrastructure that underlies much of the world's financial system and encourages entrepreneurial optimism and euphoria, I explore how the contemporary life of capitalism stimulates attitudes to wealth creation that remain markedly conventional and unadventurous. Publisher PDF

Published
2022
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33. Liberalism in fragments: oligarchy and the liberal subject in Ukrainian news journalism

Author

Taras Fedirko, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. Social Anthropology

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, Liberal subject, Journalism, Ukrainian, T-NDAS, Subject (philosophy), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Political science, 050602 political science & public administration, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Economic history, GN Anthropology, 0601 history and archaeology, Liberalism, 060101 anthropology, European research, 05 social sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, Oligarchy, language.human_language, 0506 political science, GN, Anthropology, language, Ukraine
Abstract

Funding: British Academy (GrantNumber(s): PF20\100094), H2020 European Research Council (GrantNumber(s): 683033). This article explores the place of liberal subjectivity in the professional culture of Ukrainian journalists to analyse a more general process by which liberal ideas are transferred from contexts of hegemonic liberalism at the core of the global capitalist system, to its postsocialist margins. I outline how certain Anglo- American ideals of good journalistic practice, which encode traits of liberal subjectivity, are borrowed and elaborated by a Western-funded movement for an anti-oligarchic liberal reform of Ukrainian journalism; and examine how these ideals are taken up within oligarch-controlled media, a context that the reformers see as inimical to liberalism. Through an ethnographic portrait of an editor- censor at a major oligarch-owned TV channel in Ukraine, I analyse how she reworks these professional ideals in ways that simultaneously uphold oligarchic patronage, and extend the reach of liberalism in Ukraine. This reveals how in the contradictory force field of global capitalism, both the reformers and those whom they seek to reform, are part of the same actually-existing liberalism. I propose that to better understand cases like this, we need to learn to see liberalism in fragments: as always partial and incomplete, and as constituted by multiple elements. Publisher PDF

Published
2021
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34. Grammars of liberalism

Author

Hugh F. Williamson, Farhan Samanani, Taras Fedirko, The British Academy, and University of St Andrews. Social Anthropology

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Neoliberalism (international relations), T-NDAS, Neoliberalism, 0507 social and economic geography, Comparison, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Political science, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Economic history, GN Anthropology, media_common.cataloged_instance, 0601 history and archaeology, Liberalism, European union, Ideology, media_common, 060101 anthropology, Horizon (archaeology), European research, 05 social sciences, Values, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, GN, Anthropology, 050703 geography
Abstract

Taras Fedirko would like to acknowledge funding from the British Academy (grant no. PF20/100094) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 683033). Liberalism has been fundamental to the making of the modern world, at times shaping basic assumptions as to the nature of the political, and in other cases existing as a delimited political project in contention with others. Across its long history, liberal projects have taken a diverse range of forms, which resist easy reduction to a single logic or history. This diversity, however, has often escaped anthropological attention. In this introduction to our special section on Grammars of Liberalism, we briefly trace this historical diversity, interrogate anthropological approaches to conceptualizing liberalism, and offer a broad framework for studying liberalism which remains attentive to both continuity and difference. Firstly, we argue for attention to how the political claims made by liberal projects unfold at the levels of values, their interrelations (morphology), and the underlying rules governing the expression and combination of values, and their intelligibility as liberal (grammar). Secondly, we argue for empirical attention to how values are expressed and liberal projects assembled across different social forms. We argue that this approach enables anthropology to grasp the diversity of liberal political projects and subject positions while still allowing scholars to approach liberalism critically and to interrogate its underlying logics. Publisher PDF Non

Published
2021
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35. The Norse Waterways of West Mainland Orkney, Scotland

Author

C. Richard Bates, John E. Whittaker, Alexandra Sanmark, Barbara E. Crawford, Martin Bates, The British Academy, University of St Andrews. Coastal Resources Management Group, University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Ancient Environmental Studies, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Institute of Medieval Studies, and University of St Andrews. School of History

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Vessel, NDAS, Waterway, Toponymy, 01 natural sciences, G1, SDG 13 - Climate Action, 0601 history and archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Viking, GE, 060102 archaeology, G Geography (General), CC Archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, CC, Archaeology, Geography, Norse, Viking Age, Period (geology), Palaeo-environment, Mainland, Orkney, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract

This study was funded by BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants 2017-18 Round. Norse place-names for farms, individual landscape features and general landscape areas are ubiquitous throughout the Orkney Islands. These have an origin during the mediaeval period AD790–1350 when Orkney was ruled by Scandinavian earls. The oldest referenced maps for the parish of Harray (West Mainland, Orkney) suggests that in the past significant waterways crossed wetlands extending between the Loch of Harray and Houseby in an area associated with the earldom power base at Birsay. Subsequent drainage projects, changes in climate and sea level have since resulted in the loss of the waterways. An investigation of the wetlands using geophysical and geological analysis provided a reconstruction of the palaeo-environments. Comparison with place-names of significance allowed interpretation of possible routeways along navigable waters by shallow-draught Viking-Age vessels. The results allow for re-drawing the map of Norse Orkney and postulation of produce transfer corridors from estates in the south to the power centre at Birsay. Postprint

Published
2020
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36. Interactive effects of national culture and different types of fits PO, PS and PG fit on creation of facades of conformity and its subsequent impact on employees performance

Author

British Academy of Management (BAM), 2019 Birmingham, UK 3-5 September 2019, Saeed, Muhammad Mohtsham, Patel, Parth, and Mohyuddin, Syed

Subjects
national culture, facades of conformity, hofstede, person supervisor fit, person organization fit, person group fit
Abstract

Personal values of employee may differ from the values of the leader, group or organization that they work with and each may therefore have a potential to lead employees to create false representations of themselves, while at work. Although there has been a growing interest in studying the notion of facades of conformity over the last decade, most of the existing studies have focused heavily on lack of person organization PO fit and how that leads employees to create false representations at workplace. Hardly any attempt has been made to relate these false representations with the lack of person group PG fit or Person Supervisor PS fit etc. While deriving its foundations from congruence framework protection motivation theory, this study not only aims to present lack of person group fit and person supervisor fit in addition to person organization fit which already exists in literature as important antecedents of facades of conformity it also recognizes the cross cultural differences between nations and suggests a moderating role for national culture in these relationships. It not only identifies lack of person group fit and person supervisor fit in addition to person organisation fit that already exists in the literature as important antecedents of false representations created by employees at their workplace, it also explains how each of these may interact with national culture to further strengthen or weaken the process of facades creation among employees of international firms operating in and from different parts of the world. The paper conducts an extensive review of the literature on creation of Facades of conformity FOC in organisations. It follows a critical rationalism approach Popper, 1959 to identify some of the key gaps in our existing literature and offers some solid set of propositions in the end. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2022

37. Slavic Studies Goes Public: Who? What? Why? Where? When?

Author

Darya Tsymbalyuk, Victoria Sophie Donovan, James Rann, The British Academy, University of St Andrews. Russian, and University of St Andrews. School of International Relations

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Field (Bourdieu), PG, Language and Literature, T-NDAS, Media studies, Public humanities, Creativity, Politics, Work (electrical), Academic writing, Sociology, Public engagement, PG Slavic, Baltic, Albanian languages and literature, Slavic studies, media_common
Abstract

Public engagement, impact, and knowledge exchange are concepts that today rank\ud highly on research agendas across the UK. Yet the discussion of what constitutes\ud engagement, on the politics and practicalities of building collaborations with nonacademic partners, and on the ethics of conducting such work are still at their very\ud earliest stages. Emerging from a British Academy-funded workshop, “Slavic Studies\ud Goes Public: Creating an ECR Network in the Public Humanities,” this series of essays\ud and critical-creative works — collaborations at the boundary of academic writing and\ud artistic practice — explores what we see as some of the most important questions\ud relating to public engagement in our field. What institutional factors and politics\ud inform and determine the “who” of our public engagement work? How can the us/\ud them dichotomy be rethought and with it the idea of “giving voice” to “voiceless”\ud communities? How can those leading projects be sure that the legacy or change is\ud desired by or necessary for the communities engaged? When does engagement end?\ud When should it never have begun? Participants at the workshop responded to these\ud questions in six reflective essays and three critical-creative collaborations. Rather than\ud offering definitive answers, we hope that the workshop and this series will form a point\ud of departure, engendering further conversations, collaborations, and creativity around\ud Modern Languages and engagement.

Published
2021

38. International Evidence on the Determinants of Domestic Sovereign Debt Bank Holdings

Author

Nikolaos T. Milonas, Dimitris K. Chronopoulos, George Dotsis, The British Academy, University of St Andrews. Centre for Responsible Banking and Finance, and University of St Andrews. School of Management

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Government, HG Finance, business.industry, Corporate governance, Bond, media_common.quotation_subject, Financial system, 3rd-DAS, Financial development, HG, Sovereign debt, Accounting, Home bias, Government ownership, Domestic bank, Moral suasion, Quality (business), BDC, business, R2C, Finance, Financial services, media_common
Abstract

Funding: British Academy/SAMS Small Research Grant (SG140376). In this paper, we examine the determinants of bank holdings of domestic sovereign debt with a panel dataset of 295 banks in 35 countries between 2002 and 2013. The findings indicate that the structure of bank ownership (domestic, foreign, or government ownership), the quality of governance, and the level of financial development of the countries in which banks operate all determine the level of home bias. Specifically, we find that domestic banks tend to hold more domestic sovereign debt relative to their foreign counterparts. We also provide evidence that home bias is even stronger when the domestic bank is controlled by its government. Moreover, home bias increases when government bonds are more risky, home governments are less effective, and when banking systems are less financially developed. Overall, we find that banks’ home bias in holding sovereign debt is an international phenomenon that is determined by both bank- and country-specific factors. Publisher PDF

Published
2019
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39. Imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior subtypes of autism spectrum disorder exhibit different neural circuitry

Author

Meng-Chuan Lai, Elena Maria Busuoli, Antonio M. Persico, Bonnie Auyeung, Eva Loth, Sarah Durston, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Sven Bölte, Carolin Moessnang, Stavros Trakoshis, Marianne Oldehinkel, Prantik Kundu, Steve C.R. Williams, Jan K. Buitelaar, Sarah Baumeister, Tony Charman, Michael V. Lombardo, Isotta Landi, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Rosemary Holt, Veronica Mandelli, Christine Ecker, Natasha Bertelsen, Julian Tillmann, Declan G. Murphy, Christian F. Beckmann, Jakob Seidlitz, Eleonora Satta, Mark H. Johnson, Will Spooren, Simon Baron-Cohen, Guillaume Dumas, Luke Mason, Emily J.H. Jones, Thomas Bourgeron, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), University of Trento [Trento], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), University of Pennsylvania, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), University of Edinburgh, King‘s College London, Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Stockholm Health Care Services (SLSO), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of London [London], Monash University [Melbourne], University of Messina, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma / University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome ( UCBM), University of Vienna [Vienna], Roche Pharma Research and Early Development [Basel] (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [Toronto] (CAMH), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), University of Toronto, National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 755816 (ERC Starting Grant to MVL). This work was also supported by EU-AIMS and EU AIMS-2-TRIALS, which both received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115300 and the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 777394, the resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (Grant No. FP7/2007–2013), from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies’ in-kind contributions, and from Autism Speaks, Autistica and the Simons Foundation for Autism Research Initiative. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the IMI 2JU. This work was also supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research through Vidi grants (Grant No. 864.12.003 [to CFB]), from the FP7 (Grant Nos. 602805) (AGGRESSOTYPE) (to JKB), 603016 (MATRICS), and 278948 (TACTICS), and from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020/2014–2020) (Grant Nos. 643051 [MiND] and 642996 (BRAINVIEW). This work received funding from the Wellcome Trust UK Strategic Award (Award No. 098369/Z/12/Z) and from the National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (to DGMM). M-CL was supported by the Academic Scholars Award from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, the Slaight Family Child and Youth Mental Health Innovation Fund from the CAMH Foundation, the Ontario Brain Institute via the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network (IDS-I l-02), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Sex and Gender Science Chair (GSB 171373), and the Innovation Fund of the Alternative Funding Plan for the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario (CAM-20-004). R.A.I.B acknowledges research support by the Autism Research Trust and a British Academy Fellowship (PF2\180017). MHJ, TC, and EJHJ acknowledge support from a UK MRC Programme Grant., the EU-AIMS LEAP group : Jumana Ahmad, Sara Ambrosino, Bonnie Auyeung, Tobias Banaschewski, Simon Baron-Cohen, Sarah Baumeister, Christian F. Beckmann, Sven Bölte, Thomas Bourgeron, Carsten Bours, Michael Brammer, Daniel Brandeis, Claudia Brogna, Yvette de Bruijn, Jan K. Buitelaar, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Tony Charman, Chris Chatham, Ineke Cornelissen, Daisy Crawley, Flavio Dell’Acqua, Guillaume Dumas, Sarah Durston, Christine Ecker, Jessica Faulkner, Vincent Frouin, Pilar Garcés, David Goyard, Lindsay Ham, Hannah Hayward, Joerg Hipp, Rosemary J. Holt, Mark H. Johnson, Emily J. H. Jones, Prantik Kundu, Meng-Chuan Lai, Xavier Liogier D’ardhuy, Michael V. Lombardo, Eva Loth, David J. Lythgoe, René Mandl, Andre Marquand, Luke Mason, Maarten Mennes, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Carolin Moessnang, Nico Mueller, Declan G. M. Murphy, Bethany Oakley, Laurence O’Dwyer, Marianne Oldehinkel, Bob Oranje, Gahan Pandina, Antonio M. Persico, Barbara Ruggeri, Amber N. V. Ruigrok, Jessica Sabet, Roberto Sacco, Antonia San José Cáceres, Emily Simonoff, Will Spooren, Julian Tillmann, Roberto Toro, Heike Tost, Jack Waldman, Steve C. R. Williams, Caroline Wooldridge & Marcel P. Zwiers, European Project: 0755816(2008), European Project: 115300,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-03-2010,EU-AIMS(2012), European Project: 602805,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1,AGGRESSOTYPE(2013), European Project: 603016,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1,MATRICS(2014), European Project: 278948,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-two-stage,TACTICS(2012), European Project: 643051,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,MiND(2015), European Project: 642996,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,BRAINVIEW(2015), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Cyprus (UCY), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Bethlehem, Richard A I [0000-0002-0714-0685], Seidlitz, Jakob [0000-0002-8164-7476], Bourgeron, Thomas [0000-0001-8164-9220], Charman, Tony [0000-0003-1993-6549], Persico, Antonio M [0000-0001-8910-4479], Lombardo, Michael V [0000-0001-6780-8619], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Bethlehem, Richard AI [0000-0002-0714-0685]

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, MESH: Child, Neural Pathways, Biology (General), Child, MESH: Autism Spectrum Disorder, MESH: Child Behavior Disorders, Communication, 220 Statistical Imaging Neuroscience, Hyperconnectivity, Autism spectrum disorders, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Autism spectrum disorder, Female, MESH: Communication, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, MESH: Stereotyped Behavior, QH301-705.5, autism spectrum disorders, Child Behavior Disorders, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Neuroimaging, mental disorders, medicine, Biological neural network, Humans, Association (psychology), MESH: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], MESH: Humans, Resting state fMRI, Genetic heterogeneity, MESH: Neural Pathways, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, 030104 developmental biology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Autism, Stereotyped Behavior, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Social-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC and RRB severity can markedly differ within and between individuals and may be underpinned by different neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we developed a phenotypic stratification model that makes highly accurate (97–99%) out-of-sample SC = RRB, SC > RRB, and RRB > SC subtype predictions. Applying this model to resting state fMRI data from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset (n = 509), we find that while the phenotypic subtypes share many commonalities in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity, they also show replicable differences within some networks compared to a typically-developing group (TD). Specifically, the somatomotor network is hypoconnected with perisylvian circuitry in SC > RRB and visual association circuitry in SC = RRB. The SC = RRB subtype show hyperconnectivity between medial motor and anterior salience circuitry. Genes that are highly expressed within these networks show a differential enrichment pattern with known autism-associated genes, indicating that such circuits are affected by differing autism-associated genomic mechanisms. These results suggest that SC-RRB imbalance subtypes share many commonalities, but also express subtle differences in functional neural circuitry and the genomic underpinnings behind such circuitry., Natasha Bertelsen et al. develop a computational model to categorize patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) into distinct subgroups, based on social-communicative or restricted repetitive behaviors. By integrating publicly available neuroimaging and genetic data, they report neural and molecular signatures in two of these subgroups, altogether highlighting subtle differences in neural circuitry and genomic networks that could underlie phenotypic differences among ASD patients.

Published
2021
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40. Revisiting British Investment in Latin America: The River Plate Trust Group, 1879–1963

Author

Norma Silvana Lanciotti and The British Academy

Subjects
uruguay, public utilities, HF5001-6182, Mortgage Companies, Strategy and Management, British Business Groups, Argentina, Public Utilities, Foreign direct investment, Development, mortgage companies, River Plate Trust, Financial Firms, Foreign Investment, Uruguay, Market economy, Business History, Economic History, Shareholder, Corporate group, Management of Technology and Innovation, Economics, Business cycle, argentina, Business, Business and International Management, british business groups, Investment (macroeconomics), river plate trust, foreign investment, Capital (economics), Dividend, Profitability index, financial firms
Abstract

The article analyses the performance and profitability of the firms controlled by the River Plate Trust Group in Argentina and Uruguay from 1879 to 1960 to challenges the notion that British investments in the Southern Cone involved greater default or insolvency risks because of nationalism, expropriations, and over-taxation. Also known as Morris or Morrison group, River Plate Trust became the most important British business group in the region during the First Global Period, as it controlled a number of public utilities, mortgage and financial firms. Our case shows that the decline of British investment in mortgage and financial activities did not mark the end of this business cycle after WWI; rather, it signalled a change in the direction of capital flows. Capital outflows from host economies to Great Britain—via dividends—continued over the interwar period, with only a brief interruption between 1931 and 1934. The business cycle of British firms entered a new phase, characterized by stagnant British investments and increasing capital returns from Argentina and Uruguay to Great Britain.Moreover, British public utility firms continued to invest in the River Plate until the 1940s, because profits from the region supported the distribution of high dividends to shareholders.

Published
2021

41. A deep graph neural network architecture for modelling spatio-temporal dynamics in resting-state functional MRI data

Author

Tiago Azevedo, Alexander Campbell, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Luca Passamonti, Richard A.I. Bethlehem, Pietro Liò, Nicola Toschi, Armstrong Trust Fund, University of Cambridge, British Academy, Autism Research Trust, Guarantors of Brain, and Medical Research Council (UK)

Subjects
UK Biobank, Time series, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Brain, Health Informatics, Deep learning, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Graph neural networks, Spatio-temporal dynamics, Rs-fMRI, Temporal convolutional network, Connectome, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Neural Networks, Computer
Abstract

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been successfully employed to understand the organisation of the human brain. Typically, the brain is parcellated into regions of interest (ROIs) and modelled as a graph where each ROI represents a node and association measures between ROI-specific blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) time series are edges. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have seen a surge in popularity due to their success in modelling unstructured relational data. The latest developments with GNNs, however, have not yet been fully exploited for the analysis of rs-fMRI data, particularly with regards to its spatio-temporal dynamics. In this paper, we present a novel deep neural network architecture which combines both GNNs and temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) in order to learn from both the spatial and temporal components of rs-fMRI data in an end-to-end fashion. In particular, this corresponds to intra-feature learning (i.e., learning temporal dynamics with TCNs) as well as inter-feature learning (i.e., leveraging interactions between ROI-wise dynamics with GNNs). We evaluate our model with an ablation study using 35,159 samples from the UK Biobank rs-fMRI database, as well as in the smaller Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset, both in a unimodal and in a multimodal fashion. We also demonstrate that out architecture contains explainability-related features which easily map to realistic neurobiological insights. We suggest that this model could lay the groundwork for future deep learning architectures focused on leveraging the inherently and inextricably spatio-temporal nature of rs-fMRI data., T.A. is funded by the W. D. Armstrong Trust Fund, University of Cambridge, UK. R.A.I.B. is funded by a British Academy Post-Doctoral fellowship and the Autism Research Trust. R.R.G is funded by the Guarantors of Brain. L.P. is funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) grant (MR/P01271X/1) at the University of Cambridge, UK.

Published
2020
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42. A guide for an anatomically sensitive dentine microsampling and age-alignment approach for human teeth isotopic sequences

Author

Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Andrea Czermak, Teresa Fernández-Crespo, Peter Ditchfield, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: DFG246602782, British Academy (Newton International Fellowship), Grant/Award Number: NF170854, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: DFG246602782, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement, Grant/Award Number: 790491, John Fell Fund, University of Oxford, Grant/Award Number: EBD10940-151/102., and Fernandez-Crespo, Teresa

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Tertiary dentine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Incremental growth, Anthropology, Physical, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, medicine, Humans, Cementum, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carbon Isotopes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Nitrogen Isotopes, Infant, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Diet, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Child, Preschool, Anthropology, Temporal resolution, Dentin, Secondary dentine, Age Determination by Teeth, Anatomy, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Tooth, Geology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

International audience; ObjectivesStable isotope analysis of sequential dentine samples is a potentially powerful method to reveal insights into early life-histories of individuals in the past. Dentine incremental growth structures are complex, however, and current approaches that apply horizontal sectioning of demineralized tooth halves or quarters risk combining multiple growth layers and may include unwanted cementum or secondary dentine. They also require destruction of large parts of a tooth. Here, we present a less destructive and relatively straightforward protocol that reduces damage, increases temporal resolution, and improves the accuracy of age-alignment between individuals.Material and methodsWe outline a protocol that includes the sampling of small (1 mm diameter) cylindrical plug transects from a thin section, along with an age-alignment scheme predicated on average growth rates for dentine areas.Results and discussionThe proposed protocol is readily applicable and more anatomically sensitive than horizontal slicing. Micro-samples are smaller (in both length and depth), hence minimizing temporal overlap and avoid directions that may contravene growth pattern. They completely avoid areas where secondary and tertiary dentine or cementum can be deposited. Age-alignment is improved by using growth ratios of anatomical tooth zones.ConclusionThis method minimizes destruction, enables finer temporal resolution and facilitates data comparison. It can be readily combined with fluorescence imaging-based or other pre-screening methods of dentine collagen preservation.

Published
2020
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43. Epistemological Breaks in the Methodology of Social Research: Rupture and the Artifice of Technique

Author

Whiteman, Natasha, Dudley-Smith, Russell, and British Academy

Subjects
Handwerkskunst, Unterbrechungsethik, Bachelard, qualitative Datenanalyse, Dowling, relationaler Raum, soziale Aktivitätsmethode, Becker, artifice, ethics of rupture, qualitative data analysis, relational space, social activity method
Abstract

Es wurde häufig darauf verwiesen, dass BACHELARDs gegenintuitive Orientierung mit Blick auf wissenschaftliche Forschung und sein Insistieren auf relationalem Anti-Essenzialismus erhebliche Implikationen für die sozialwissenschaftliche Methodologie hat. Die Frage ist, welche Konsequenzen dies für die aktuelle Forschungspraxis haben kann. In unserem Beitrag geben wir die pragmatische Antwort, die Nutzung essenzialistischer Kategorien so gewissenhaft wie möglich zu vermeiden. Ausgehend von unserer BACHELARD- Rezeption nehmen wir an, dass eine produktive Praxis einer methodologischen Handwerkskunst bedarf, die sich von selbst-evidenter Forschung fernhält und dabei zugleich deren Ossifikation in Theorie vermeidet. Aus unserer Perspektive sind kontinuierliche Brüche und Restrukturierungen im Denken unbedingt erforderlich, werden aber in der Sozialforschung zumeist vernachlässigt; oft einfach schon deshalb, weil eine brauchbare Technologie fehlt. Anschließend an die Arbeiten von DOWLING (1998, 2009, 2013) unterbreiten wir einen Vorschlag hierfür, indem wir eine schematische Technologie, einmal wöchentlich etablierte Kategorien zu hinterfragen (BECKERs Devianzklassifikation), mit einem relationalen Ansatz kontrastieren, der die erforderliche "Handwerkskunst" bewahrt (und de facto eher konsistent ist mit BECKERs eigenem pragmatischen Projekt). Wir illustrieren dies am empirischen Beispiel des Teilens digitaler Dateien., As has often been noted, BACHELARD's counter-intuitive orientation to scientific inquiry, with its rationalizing insistence on relational anti-essentialism, has profound implications for social research methodology. The question remains how this orientation might inform the actual practice of research. In this article we present a pragmatic response, one that emphasizes the need to scrupulously avoid the use of essentialized categories. Doing so involves much work and constant vigilance, for which technique is an absolute requirement. Our reading of BACHELARD therefore insists that productive research requires the artifice of a methodological technology that wrenches research from self-evidence whilst avoiding its ossification in theory. We argue that this continuous disruption and rebuilding of forms of thought is necessary but often neglected in social research; often simply because suitable technology is unavailable. By developing work by DOWLING (1998, 2009, 2013), we then suggest one that is. This is demonstrated by contrasting a diagrammatic technology known for only breaking weakly with established categories—BECKER's classification of deviance—with a relational space that achieves the rational artifice required (one in fact more consistent with BECKER's own pragmatic project). The value of the artifice a relational space achieves is then illustrated in the empirical context of digital file-sharing.

Published
2020

44. Inconsistency transmission and variance reduction in two-stage quantile regression

Author

Tae-Hwan Kim, Christophe Muller, School of Economics, Yonsei University, Yonsei University, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Award No. 30,649 from the British Academy, National Research Foundation of Korea - a grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2009-327-B00088), A*MIDEX project (No. ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the' Investissements d'Avenir' French Government program, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Statistics::Theory, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Two-stage estimation, Asymptotic bias, Covariate, Statistics, Statistics::Methodology, Endogeneity, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models • Multiple Variables/C.C3.C30 - General, 021103 operations research, Variance reduction, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General/C.C1.C13 - Estimation: General, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Statistics::Computation, Quantile regression, Transmission (telecommunications), Modeling and Simulation, Stage (hydrology), Quantile
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we propose a new variance reduction method for quantile regressions with endogeneity problems, for alpha-mixing or m-dependent covariates and error terms. First, we derive the asymptotic distribution of two-stage quantile estimators based on the fitted-value approach under very general conditions. Second, we exhibit an inconsistency transmission property derived from the asymptotic representation of our estimator. Third, using a reformulation of the dependent variable, we improve the efficiency of the two-stage quantile estimators by exploiting a tradeoff between an inconsistency confined to the intercept estimator and a reduction of the variance of the slope estimator. Monte Carlo simulation results show the fine performance of our approach. In particular, by combining quantile regressions with first-stage trimmed least-squares estimators, we obtain more accurate slope estimates than 2SLS, 2SLAD and other estimators for a broad set of distributions. Finally, we apply our method to food demand equations in Egypt.

Published
2020
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45. [invitée] « A relação entre irmãos através do prisma dos distúrbios autistas. Quando irmãos e irmãs ajudam'

Author

Mylène Hernandez, Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Grupo de Estudos Antropologia e Deficiência (GEAD), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social (PPGAS/UFRGS), University College London (UCL), The British Academy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

46. Rehabilitation and social behavior: experiments in prison

Author

Tarek Jaber-Lopez, Aurora García-Gallego, Nikolaos Georgantzis, Evangelos Mitrokostas, Loukas Balafoutas, Financial support from the 1) British Academy (BA LEVER 2) and 2) the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant ECO2015-68469-R AEI/FEDER)., EconomiX, and Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Economics, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Sample (statistics), Prison, Experiment, Crime reduction, Order (exchange), Prison inmates, Intervention (counseling), 0502 economics and business, medicine, Social behavior, 050207 economics, Social significance, media_common, Rehabilitation, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 16. Peace & justice, Priming (media), 050206 economic theory, Psychology, Social psychology, Finance
Abstract

Despite the economic and social significance of crime reduction and criminals' rehabilitation, research evaluating the effects of incarceration on behavior is surprisingly scarce. We conduct an experiment with 105 prison inmates and complement it with administrative data in order to explore several aspects of their social behavior. We first perform a comprehensive analysis of behavior in three economic games, finding evidence of discrimination against a sample from outside prison. In addition, our regression analysis reveals that inmates generally become less pro-social towards this out-group the longer they remain incarcerated. Finally, we introduce and evaluate a priming intervention that asks inmates to reflect on their time spent in prison. This intervention has a very sizeable and significant impact, increasing pro-sociality towards the out-group. Hence, a simple, low-cost intervention of this sort can have desirable effects in promoting rehabilitation and integration into social and economic life after release.

Published
2020
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47. Managing employees' performance in green buildings

Author

Prida, Subha D, Ananthram, Subramaniam, Chan, Christopher, Brown, Kerry, and Annual Conference of the British Academy of Management BAM 2020 'Innovating for a Sustainable Future' Online 2-4 September 2020

Subjects
theory of planned behaviour, green buildings, green behaviours, performance, technologies
Abstract

This study explores how managers can maximise employees’ performance in green buildings.We investigate the role of managers to advance the current business model of green buildings as a vehicle to achieve key performance outcomes. We utilise Social Identity Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour to understand employees’ workplace green behaviours.Additionally, management’s role to improve organisational practices in green buildings is discussed within the concept of Green Human Resources Management (GREEN HRM). Data was collected from offices located in 17 green buildings in Australia (employees=549 and managers=91). The findings indicate that key management practices, especially green human resources functions are likely to impact employees’ performance outcomes such as organisational identification, job satisfaction and work-related flow in green buildings.Keywords: Green buildings, Green HRM, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Performance, Green Behaviours

Published
2020

48. The Making of Regional Systems: The Tapajós/Madeira and Trombetas/Nhamundá Regions in the Lower Brazilian Amazon, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Author

Mark Harris, The British Academy, The Leverhulme Trust, University of St Andrews. Social Anthropology, and University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies

Subjects
History, 060101 anthropology, 060102 archaeology, Amazon rainforest, Interethnic relations, T-NDAS, Trombetas, Regional network, 06 humanities and the arts, Making-of, Geography, GN, Anthropology, Tapajós, GN Anthropology, Ethnology, 0601 history and archaeology, BDC, Amazon, R2C, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract

The author is grateful to the British Academy and the Leverhulme Trust for their financial support. Building on Neil Whitehead’s work in northern South America, this article considers the formations of two different deep-forest regional networks. Though these Amerindian spaces have origins in the precolonial past, this article analyses their shaping in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a period when they were invaded by colonial agents. There were other regional systems along the course of the Amazon and its many tributaries that were a part of a similar historical process of refounding identities and claims on land and people involving challenges to leadership and political organization. Following Hal Langfur, we can term this general making of spaces a re-territorialization. Critical social relations include those between Amerindian ethnic entities and their leaders, soldiers, and missionaries. This article focuses on a key spatial relation between Amerindian settlements and the mission, or partially colonized village, which had an indirect or direct contact with each other. Postprint

Published
2018
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49. Mental Heath as a Weapon: Whistleblower Retaliation and Normative Violence

Author

Kate Kenny, Marianna Fotaki, Stacey Scriver, British Academy, and Leverhulme Trust

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Whistleblowing, Business, Management and Accounting(all), Criminology, Ambivalence, Retaliation, Empirical research, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Political science, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Whistleblower, Business and International Management, Psychoanalytic theory, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, 05 social sciences, Normative power, General Business, Management and Accounting, Mental health, 0506 political science, Affect, Framing (social sciences), Organizational violence, normative violence, Normative, retaliation, Business ethics, Law, mental health, 050203 business & management, Butler
Abstract

What form does power take in situations of retaliation against whistleblowers? In this article, we move away from dominant perspectives that see power as a resource. In place, we propose a theory of normative power and violence in whistleblower retaliation, drawing on an in-depth empirical study. This enables a deeper understanding of power as it circulates in complex processes of whistleblowing. We offer the following contributions. First, supported by empirical findings we propose a novel theoretical framing of whistleblower retaliation and the role of mental health, which draws upon poststructuralist psychoanalytic thinking. Specifically, we highlight how intra- and inter-psychic affective and ambivalent attachments to organizations influence the use of normative violence in cases of whistleblower retaliation. The second contribution is empirical and builds upon the existing literature on whistleblower retaliation by highlighting how organizations position whistleblower subjects as mentally unstable and unreliable individuals, to undermine their claims. We conclude by highlighting the implications of normative power for the outcomes of whistleblower struggles. This study was funded by British Academy (GB)/ Leverhulme Trust (Grant no. SG122608). peer-reviewed

Published
2018
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50. The ‘Threat of Scream’ paradigm: A tool for studying sustained physiological and subjective anxiety

Author

Morgan Beaurenaut, Julie Grèzes, Elliot Tokarski, Guillaume Dezecache, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by FRM Team DEQ20160334878, Fondation ROGER DE SPOELBERCH, INSERM, ENS, the French National Research Agency under Grants ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL, and ANR-17-EURE-0017 FrontCog. Author GD is indebted to the British Academy for financial support as part of the Newton International fellowship scheme (NIF 171514)., ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Bodescot, Myriam, Initiative d'excellence - Paris Sciences et Lettres - - PSL2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, and Frontières en cognition - - FrontCog2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0017 - EURE - VALID

Subjects
Male, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, lcsh:Medicine, Anxiety, Positive correlation, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Human behaviour, medicine, Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Habituation, lcsh:Science, Short duration, Emotion, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 05 social sciences, lcsh:R, Reproducibility of Results, Cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Galvanic Skin Response, Distress, Female, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, Skin conductance, Stress and resilience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

Progress in understanding the emergence of pathological anxiety depends on the availability of paradigms effective in inducing anxiety in a simple, consistent and sustained way. Much progress has been made using the Threat-of-Shock paradigm (TOS), which generates anxiety through the delivery of unpredictable electric shocks to participants. However, TOS may be problematic when testing vulnerable populations. Moreover, it is not clear whether anxiety can be sustained throughout experiments of long duration. Here, we bring support for an alternative approach called the Threat-of-Scream paradigm (TOSc), in which the tactile delivery of shocks is replaced by the auditory delivery of distress screams. We report on an one-hour long study (plus its replication) in which participants were exposed to blocks before which they were told that they could hear aversive screams at any time (threat blocks), vs. blocks before which they were told that no scream will be heard (safe blocks). Both the experiment and its replication showed higher subjective reports of anxiety, higher skin conductance level, and positive correlation between the two measures, in threat compared to safe blocks. Anxiety measures were sustained throughout the experiments, suggesting little emotional and physiological habituation. Our results suggest that the delivery of low intensity distress screams can be an efficient, stable and cheap methodology to assess the impact of sustained anxiety on a diversity of cognitive functions and populations. We therefore believe the TOSc will become an essential part of the psychological toolkit, particularly so for researchers interested in the emergence of pathological anxiety.

Published
2019
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