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Background: Binge eating (BE) is associated with a range of cognitive control deficits related to impulsivity, including lower response inhibition, preference for immediate gratification, and maladaptive decision-making. The aim was to investigate whether impulsivity and BE may interact with the decision process and underlying brain activity in outpatients with overweight or obesity who are starting a treatment to achieve weight loss. Methods: A sample of 26 treatment-seeking outpatients with overweight or obesity was evaluated for impulsivity, BE, and temporal discounting rates. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), according to which two groups were composed: high BIS and low BIS; BE was assessed with the eating disorders module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM5—Research Version, according to which two groups were composed: with (BE group) or without BE (NBE group). Changes in subjective value of rewards were measured with the Temporal Discounting Task (TDt) where participants had to choice between sooner but smaller vs. later but larger monetary rewards. These choices were made in two differently delayed conditions ("Now" and "Not-now"). Brain rhythms were recorded through high-density electroencephalogram (hd-EEG) during the TDt. Results: Patients with BE reported more impulsive tendencies and perceived sooner rewards as more gratifying when both options were delayed (Not-now condition, p = 0.02). The reward choice in the TDt was accompanied by a general EEG alpha band desynchronization in parietal areas observed without differences between experimental conditions and patients groups. No effects were observed within the Now condition or in the other EEG bands. Conclusions: The tendency to favor immediate rewards may constitute an obstacle to adhering to treatment plans and achieving weight loss goals for outpatients with overweight or obesity. Clinicians are therefore encouraged to include psychological factors, such as impulsivity and dysfunctional eating behaviors, when designing weight loss programs. By addressing these psychological aspects, clinicians can better support patients in overcoming barriers to adherence and achieving sustainable weight loss. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences of the University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara (Prot. n. 254 of 03/14/2017). Plain English Summary: Although the health risk of overweight and obesity is widely acknowledged, weight loss treatments are often unsuccessful in the long term due to several factors. Binge eating (BE) might explain some of the reduced benefits from the treatments. In this study, we investigated whether impulsivity and BE may interact decision processes among outpatients with overweight or obesity, and we looked at their underlying brain activity. Patients with BE tended to be more impulsive and to prefer sooner rewards compared to later ones. In all patients, α oscillations in the parietal lobe have been observed to play a dominant role during reward choice processes. A preference for immediate rewards might help to explain the low long-term success of weight loss treatment plans. The study may also provide useful information for clinicians working with patients with overweight or obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses musician's dystonia and proposes novel treatment strategies. The authors emphasize the importance of early and precise diagnosis and advocate for a comprehensive approach to treatment that considers the neurobiological and psychosocial aspects of the condition. They suggest interventions targeting the sensorimotor system, as well as interventions addressing memory consolidation, identity integration, and emotion regulation. The article also highlights the potential benefits of personalized physiotherapy and psychotherapy. The text discusses a therapeutic approach called EMDR+ R that incorporates music and bilateral sound stimulation to address task-specific focal dystonia in musicians. It also discusses the use of personalized neuromodulation techniques to alleviate sensorimotor integration deficits. The proposed multidimensional therapeutic strategy includes personalized psychotherapy, sensory-motor retuning, and neuromodulation, with the option for remote treatment. The text acknowledges the need for further research and clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches. This document is a list of references for various scientific articles related to the treatment and understanding of focal hand dystonia in musicians. The articles cover topics such as the effectiveness of behavioral treatment, the role of somatosensory cortical organization, the impact of stress on motor performance, and the use of neuromodulation techniques. The articles provide a comprehensive overview of the current research in this field and may be useful for library patrons conducting research on musician's dystonia. [Extracted from the article]

According to the WHO (World Health Organization), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an elective therapy to treat people with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). In line with the personalization of therapeutic strategies, through this pilot study, we assessed in people suffering from the effects of trauma the feasibility, safety, acceptance, and efficacy of EMDR enriched with sound stimulation (by administering neutral sounds synchronized with the guided bilateral alternating stimulation of the gaze) and musical reward (musical listening based on the patients' predisposition and personal tastes). Feasibility, quantified by the number of patients who completed the treatment, was excellent as this was the case in 12 out of the 12 enrolled people with psychological trauma. Safety and acceptance, assessed by self-compiled questionnaires, were excellent, with an absence of side effects and high satisfaction. Efficacy, quantified by the number of EMDR treatment sessions required to reach the optimal scores on the Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUD) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) scales typical of EMDR protocols, revealed an average duration of 8.5 (SD 1.2) sessions, which is well below the 12 sessions considered a standard EMDR treatment duration. EMDR+ appears to be a relevant personalization of EMDR, particularly in music-sensitive people, consolidating the therapeutic alliance through a multisensory communicative bond for trauma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]