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Bio-nanomaterials are gaining increasing attention due to their renewable and eco-friendly characteristics. Among these, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) stands out as one of the most advanced materials for applications in food, healthcare, composite production, and beyond. In this study, NCC was successfully extracted from cotton-based textile waste using a combination of chemical and mechanical methods. The cellulose fibers were first hydrolyzed using a dilute HCl solution, neutralized, and then dried, resulting in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with diameters ranging from 7 to 15 µm and lengths up to 300 µm (as observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, SEM). To achieve nanoscale dimensions, NaOH/urea solution with mechanical treatment was applied, resulting in the successful extraction of NCC in the supernatant, particularly under room-temperature conditions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the presence of nanostructures (average sizes ranging from 120 nm to 750 nm), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis verified the nanoscale range (diameters between 2 and 4 nm and lengths from 200 nm to 1 µm). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II, confirming the successful transformation into NCC. For the first time, NCC was obtained from undyed cotton textile wastes using NaOH/urea treatment after HCl hydrolysis, eliminating the need for pre-treatment and intermediate steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Zygomatic implants are considered one of the last options for the rehabilitation of severe maxillary atrophy when standard implants cannot be placed. They offer several advantages but can also present complications. This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of zygomatic implant placement. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted, and the inclusion criteria consisted of patients previously treated with zygomatic implants who had Class V or VI maxillary bone atrophy according to Cawood and Howell, and with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years after prosthetic loading. Outcome measures included implant and prosthesis survival rate, biological and biomechanical complications, and Lund-Mackay staging score before and after implant placement. Results: The study included 78 patients who received a total of 274 zygomatic implants. The mean follow-up period was 90.4 ± 26.0 months. Seventeen implant failures occurred, resulting in a survival rate of 93.8%, with a statistically significant negative correlation with smoking habits (P = 0.049), anchorage to the two zygomatic bone cortices (bicorticality) (P < 0.001) and soft tissue complications (P < 0.001). The prosthetic success rate was 92.3%. A statistically significant increase in maxillary sinus radiopacity was recorded when comparing the situation before and after surgery (P < 0.001), and the intrasinus pathway had a statistically significant influence on that increase (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Zygomatic implants utilised for rehabilitating patients with severe maxillary atrophy have shown favourable outcomes. Nonetheless, owing to potential complications, strict case selection is necessary, combined with regular recall visits and proper oral hygiene maintenance. Furthermore, this type of surgery necessitates specialised training and expertise on the part of the practitioner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery is widely used for the correction of dentoskeletal deformities. Surgery sequencing (maxilla or mandible first) remains debated, and guidelines and consensus are lacking. This scoping review summarizes the state of the art and compares the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. The review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched using the PICO protocol and key words in orthognathic surgical sequencing. Four reviewers screened the records independently, and disagreement was resolved by consensus. A total of 23 records met the inclusion criteria. The advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches were compared and assessed for accuracy of reporting. Within the limitations of the present study, available evidence for the intrinsic advantages and the accuracy of the mandible-first sequence supports the choice of this approach in most cases. Nevertheless, each clinical case needs to be evaluated individually, as no dogmatic recommendations can be given for sequencing in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate long-term patient satisfaction after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery planned according to the Face-Airway-Bite (FAB) philosophy. A sample of 65 patients out of 80 consecutively treated between 2015 and 2017 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All patients suffered from different type of malocclusions and were treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at the Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona. Each patient completed a 15-item ad hoc questionnaire investigating the reasons for undergoing treatment and evaluating presurgical and long-term postsurgical satisfaction with facial appearance, breathing, and chewing. Epworth sleepiness scale was administered before and after treatment. In the study group, 48% of patients underwent surgery to correct malocclusion, 22% to enhance facial appearance, 18% to resolve temporomandibular joint pain, and 12% for other reasons. Patients presenting for solely OSAS were excluded from the study to prevent skewing of the data. The mean score for long-term satisfaction was 9.06 ± 1.03/10. The mean facial appearance score was 5.26/10 before and 8.85/10 after surgery, respectively. The mean chewing score was 5.30/10 before and 8.81/10 after surgery. Although none of patients reported breathing problems before surgery, 65% of them referred postoperative breathing improvement. The mean follow-up period for questionnaire administration was 32months. Patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery planned according to the FAB principles reported high satisfaction with treatment outcomes. Patients' outcome approval was primarily related to improvement in function and aesthetics; however, airway and pain complaints were additionally improved., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There was no competing interest, and this article was not funded. No conflict of interest to declare. All Authors have viewed and agreed to the submission., (Copyright © 2025 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Bone defects in maxillofacial regions lead to noticeable deformity and dysfunctions. Therefore, the use of biomaterials/scaffolds for maxillofacial bone regrowth has been attracting great interest from many surgical specialties and experts. Many approaches have been devised in order to create an optimal bone scaffold capable of achieving desirable degrees of bone integration and osteogenesis. Osteogenesis represents a complex physiological process involving multiple cooperating systems. A tight relationship between the immune and skeletal systems has lately been established using the concept of "osteoimmunology," since various molecules, particularly those regulating immunological and inflammatory processes, are shared. Inflammatory mediators are now being implicated in bone remodeling, according to new scientific data. In this study, a profiler PCR array was employed to evaluate the expression of cytokines and chemokines in human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) cultured on porous hydroxylapatite (HA)/Collagen derived Bio-Oss ® /Avitene scaffolds, up to day 21. In hASCs grown on the Bio-Oss ® /Avitene biomaterial, 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be up-regulated, together with 12 DEG down-regulated. Chemokine CCL2, which affects bone metabolism, tested down-regulated. Interestingly, the Bio-Oss ® /Avitene induced the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory inter-leukin IL-6. In conclusion, our investigation carried out on the Bio-Oss ® /Avitene scaffold indicates that it could be successfully employed in maxillofacial surgery. Indeed, this composite material has the advantage of being customized on the basis of the individual patients favoring a novel personalized medicine approach., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Iaquinta, Martini, D’Agostino, Trevisiol, Bersani, Torreggiani, Tognon, Rotondo and Mazzoni.)