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2. List of contributors

Author

Adkin, Amie, primary, Allen, Timothy E.H., additional, Almeida, Felipe Alves de, additional, Anelich, Lucia E., additional, Arnold, Mark, additional, Auger, Sandrine, additional, Avermaete, Tessa, additional, Baker-Austin, Craig, additional, Bayer, Forrest L., additional, Bhilegaonkar, Kiran N., additional, Bi, Xiaoyu, additional, Blom, W. Marty, additional, Boobis, Alan R., additional, Boskovic, Marija, additional, Bouwmeester, Hans, additional, Bowering, Gary, additional, Boziaris, Ioannis S., additional, Breen, Christopher J., additional, Brouwer, Hugo, additional, Brown, Ian, additional, Buchanan, Robert L., additional, Buys, Elna M., additional, Caldwell, Jane M., additional, Canellas, Elena, additional, Carneiro, Deisy Guimarães, additional, Carstensen, Karin, additional, Cervantes-Huamán, Brayan R.H., additional, Clemens, Roger, additional, Cocolin, Luca, additional, Cohen, Samuel M., additional, Coles, David, additional, Cossettini, Alessia, additional, Cruz-Martins, Natália, additional, Csikó, György, additional, Danyluk, Michelle, additional, Darwish, Wageh Sobhy, additional, De Coninck, Barbara, additional, Mireles DeWitt, Christina A., additional, Dlamini, B.C., additional, Doe, John, additional, Douglas Kelly, Simon, additional, Dupouy, Eleonora, additional, Eisenbrand, Gerhard, additional, Elegbeleye, James A., additional, Estévez, Pablo, additional, Franco-Duarte, Ricardo, additional, Freitas, Leonardo Luiz de, additional, French, Nigel, additional, Frewer, Lynn J., additional, Fu, Yuqi, additional, Fukushima, Shoji, additional, Gago-Martinez, Ana, additional, Garcia, Alejandro Dorado, additional, Gendel, Steven M., additional, Gerardi, Anne, additional, Ghosh, Anuradha, additional, Glisic, Milica, additional, Godefroy, Samuel Benrejeb, additional, Gooderham, Nigel J., additional, Govers, Gerard, additional, Grenda, Tomasz, additional, Guengerich, F. Peter, additional, Guillou, Sandrine, additional, Gutsell, Steve, additional, Guyard-Nicodème, Muriel, additional, Haddad, Nabila, additional, Haindongo, Ndaindila N.K., additional, Harman, Christie L., additional, Hartung, Thomas, additional, Hayes, A. Wallace, additional, Head, Graham, additional, Hecht, Stephen S., additional, Hoekstra, Jeljer, additional, Hoffman, Louwrens, additional, Honnay, Olivier, additional, Houben, Geert, additional, Jetten, Jan, additional, Jin, Shan, additional, Job, Karen, additional, Kadam, Snehal, additional, Karanth, Shraddha, additional, Karmaus, Agnes, additional, Karvounis, Manos, additional, Kasuga, Fumiko, additional, Kaushik, Karishma S., additional, Kennedy, Marc C., additional, Keogh, John G., additional, Keulemans, Wannes, additional, Khan, Nida, additional, Knowles, Michael E., additional, Kogiannou, Dimitra, additional, Kolesnyk, Serhii, additional, Kolhe, Rahul P., additional, Konold, Timm, additional, Kotsiri, Zoi, additional, Krug, Matt, additional, Kwiatek, Krzysztof, additional, Kwon, Youngjoo, additional, Latronico, Francesca, additional, Leao, José M., additional, LeJeune, Jeffrey T., additional, Li, Wenjing, additional, Linman, Matthew J., additional, López-García, Rebeca, additional, Luechtefeld, Thomas, additional, Magnuson, Bernadene, additional, Manning, Louise, additional, Manouselis, Nikos, additional, Manzano, Marisa, additional, Marin, Marco, additional, Mariotti, María Salomé, additional, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, additional, McMullen, Lynn M., additional, McNamara, Cronan, additional, Medina, Angel, additional, Mehlomakulu, N.N., additional, Mehta, Jyotigna M., additional, Meijerink, Marjolein, additional, Miller, J. David, additional, Clare Mills, E.N., additional, Mitchell, Stephen C., additional, Moretto, Angelo, additional, Mugadza, Desmond T., additional, Mukherjee, Keya, additional, Naab, Francis Z., additional, Naegeli, Hanspeter, additional, Nascimento, Maristela S., additional, Nastasijevic, Ivan, additional, Nauta, Maarten, additional, Neretin, Lev, additional, Nerín, Cristina, additional, Ntuli, Victor, additional, Olson, Elena G., additional, O’Brien, John, additional, Painuli, Sakshi, additional, Panteleli, Efstratia, additional, Papakonstantinou, Mihalis, additional, Parlapani, Foteini F., additional, Patyra, Ewelina, additional, Pedreschi, Franco, additional, Pigat, Sandrine, additional, Popping, Bert, additional, Poulsen, Morten, additional, Pradhan, Abani K., additional, Pressman, Peter, additional, Prodanchuk, Mykola, additional, Przeniosło-Siwczyńska, Monika, additional, Punt, Ans, additional, Ramel, Alfons, additional, Rejeb, Abderahman, additional, Rich, Katherine, additional, Ricke, Steven C., additional, Rietjens, Ivonne M.C.M., additional, Rigos, George, additional, Ripolles-Avila, Carolina, additional, Rizzotto, Francesco, additional, Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna, additional, Rodríguez-Jerez, José Juan, additional, Rose, Martin, additional, Rosol, Thomas J., additional, Saha, Joyjit, additional, Savidge, Tor, additional, Seifu, Eyassu, additional, Semwal, Prabhakar, additional, Sibanda, Thulani, additional, So, Sik Yu, additional, Socolovsky, Susana, additional, Stoitsis, Giannis, additional, Stull, Katelynn, additional, Taniwaki, Marta H., additional, Taylor, Sean V., additional, Thompson, Lesa A., additional, Topalcengiz, Zeynal, additional, Tzotzos, George T., additional, van den Honert, Michaela, additional, Van Oijen, Femke L.N., additional, Vanetti, Maria Cristina Dantas, additional, Vantarakis, Apostolos, additional, Vera, Paula, additional, Vidic, Jasmina, additional, Vizzini, Priya, additional, Waring, Rosemary H., additional, Wu, Qinglong, additional, Zaid-Kaylani, Khaldoon, additional, and Zwart, Tjitske Anna, additional

Published
2023
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5. The role of miRNAs in stroke

Author

Breen, Christopher R.

Subjects
616.8, R Medicine (General)
Abstract

Stroke is currently one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Despite recent advances in the treatment of stroke there is a major unmet clinical need for novel therapeutics for intervention. miRNAs are small coding RNAs which act to post-transcriptionally inhibit expression of genes. Emerging evidence has supported the view that miRNAs play an important role in the development and progression of ischaemic stroke, although understanding remains relatively poor. This research uses several models to investigate the effects of miRNAs in the context of stroke in vivo and in vitro, as well as assessment of patient serum samples in order to identify biomarkers for stroke. miR-29b was found to be significantly upregulated in SHRSP rat brain peri-infarct at 72h following stroke, and downregulated in ischaemic core at 24h and 72h following stroke, whilst miR-29c was significantly downregulated in remainder tissue at 24h following stroke and in infarct at 72h following stroke. The upreglation of miR-29b at 72h corresponded to a significant downregulation of miR-29 target genes MMP2, MMP9 and TGF-β1 in peri-infarct tissue at 72h following stroke. Modulation of miR-29b and miR-29c was achieved in a rat neuronal cell line but suppression of genes of interest was not observed following oxygen glucose deprivation. Several candidate miRNAs were then identified by microRNA Openarray analysis in stroke patient serum samples. Validation of these miRNAs was not demonstrated in the population studied, but assessment of these miRNAs in rat serum and isolated exosomes demonstrated that several of these miRNAs were significantly altered in SHRSP rats following stroke. Finally miR-21 was demonstrated to be significantly upregulated in SHRSP rat peri-infarct following stroke. This was associated with a change in miR-21 localization as determined by in situ hybridization. Modulation of miR-21 via the use of CAG-miR-21 mice demonstrated no difference in infarct size as measured by T2 -weighted MRI scan nor was any difference present in behavioural tests versus wild type. KO of miR-21 resulted in a reduction of survival rate compared with wild type. This thesis demonstrates that miR-29 and miR-21 are modulated following stroke in animal models, and these are potential candidates for therapeutic intervention in the future. Analysis of clinical samples has illustrated difficulties in the identification of serum miRNA profiles and suggests that looking at the exosomal component of serum may provide better information regarding miRNA profiles after stroke.

Published
2015

17. Design of dynamic trajectories for efficient and data-rich exploration of flow reaction design spaces

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Florit, Federico, Nambiar, Anirudh M. K., Breen, Christopher P., Jamison, Timothy F., Jensen, Klavs F., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Florit, Federico, Nambiar, Anirudh M. K., Breen, Christopher P., Jamison, Timothy F., and Jensen, Klavs F.

Abstract

Batch and continuous reactors both enable exploration of a chemical design space. The former rely on transient experiments, thus experiencing a wide variety of operating conditions over time, whereas the latter are usually operated at steady state and are representative of only one set of conditions. Operating a continuous reactor under dynamic conditions allows more efficient exploration of the underlying reaction space for extraction of kinetics and optimization of performance. We present a methodology to efficiently explore a design space using a tubular flow reactor installed on an automatic platform (equipped with FTIR and HPLC analysis) operated in a transient regime using sinusoidal variations of the parameters. This data-dense method proves to be quicker with respect to steady-state operations because of the larger amount of information collected during a single experiment. A computational analysis provides a simple criterion for the design of dynamic experiments in order for them to be representative of steady-state conditions. The methodology is applied experimentally to the synthesis of a pharmaceutical intermediate via an esterification reaction in the presence of base. In the experiments, up to three parameters (reaction time, base equivalents, and temperature) are changed simultaneously. Proper design of the trajectories in the design space allows verification of the consistency of the results by exploiting the self-crossings within each trajectory and crossings between different trajectories. The experiments further validate the developed criterion for dynamic operations.

Published
2021

18. Continuous Flow Synthesis of ACE Inhibitors From N-Substituted L-Alanine Derivatives

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Breen, Christopher P., Jamison, Timothy F, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Breen, Christopher P., and Jamison, Timothy F

Abstract

A strategy for the continuous flow synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is described. An optimization effort guided by in situ IR analysis resulted in a general amide coupling approach facilitated by N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) activation that was further characterized by reaction kinetics analysis in batch. The three‐step continuous process was demonstrated by synthesizing 8 different ACE inhibitors in up to 88 % yield with throughputs in the range of ≈0.5 g h⁻¹, all while avoiding both isolation of reactive intermediates and process intensive reaction conditions. The process was further developed by preparing enalapril, a World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicine, in an industrially relevant flow platform that scaled throughput to ≈1 g h⁻¹., United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Make-It Program (ARO W911NF-16-2-0023)

Published
2020

19. Ni-catalyzed electrochemical decarboxylative C-C couplings in batch and continuous flow

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Li, Hui, Breen, Christopher P., Seo, Hyowon, Jamison, Timothy F, Fang, Yuan-Qing, Bio, Matthew M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Li, Hui, Breen, Christopher P., Seo, Hyowon, Jamison, Timothy F, Fang, Yuan-Qing, and Bio, Matthew M.

Abstract

An electrochemically driven, nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with aryl halides is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in a divided electrochemical cell and employs a tertiary amine as the reductant. This decarboxylative C(sp[superscript 3])-C(sp[superscript 2]) bond-forming transformation exhibits excellent substrate generality and functional group compatibility. An operationally simple continuous-flow version of this transformation using a commercial electrochemical flow reactor represents a robust and scalable synthesis of value added coupling process., NSF (grant no. 164576)

Published
2020

20. A Scalable Membrane Pervaporation Approach for Continuous Flow Olefin Metathesis

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Breen, Christopher P., Parrish, Christine, Shangguan, Ning, Majumdar, Sudip, Murnen, Hannah, Jamison, Timothy F, Bio, Matthew M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Breen, Christopher P., Parrish, Christine, Shangguan, Ning, Majumdar, Sudip, Murnen, Hannah, Jamison, Timothy F, and Bio, Matthew M.

Abstract

The translation of olefin metathesis reactions from the laboratory to process scale has been challenging with traditional batch techniques. In this contribution, we describe a continuous membrane reactor design that selectively permeates the ethylene byproduct from metathetical processes, thereby overcoming the mass-transport limitations that have negatively influenced the efficiency of this transformation in batch vessels. The membrane sheet-in-frame pervaporation module yielded turnover numbers of >7500 in the case of diethyl diallylmalonate ring-closing metathesis. The preparation of more challenging, low-effective-molarity substrates, a cyclooctene and a 14-membered macrocyclic lactone, was also effective. A comparison of optimal membrane reactor conditions to a sealed tubular reactor revealed that the benefits of ethylene removal are most apparent at low reaction concentrations.

Published
2020

23. Scalable On-Demand Production of Purified Diazomethane Suitable for Sensitive Catalytic Reactions

Author

Sheeran, Jillian W., primary, Campbell, Kiersten, additional, Breen, Christopher P., additional, Hummel, Gerald, additional, Huang, Changfeng, additional, Datta, Anamika, additional, Boyer, Serge H., additional, Hecker, Scott J., additional, Bio, Matthew M., additional, Fang, Yuan-Qing, additional, Ford, David D., additional, and Russell, M. Grace, additional

Published
2020
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24. Imaging Neurochemistry and Brain Structure Tracks Clinical Decline and Mechanisms of ALS in Patients

Author

Andronesi, Ovidiu C., primary, Nicholson, Katharine, additional, Jafari-Khouzani, Kourosh, additional, Bogner, Wolfgang, additional, Wang, Jing, additional, Chan, James, additional, Macklin, Eric A., additional, Levine-Weinberg, Mark, additional, Breen, Christopher, additional, Schwarzschild, Michael A., additional, Cudkowicz, Merit, additional, Rosen, Bruce R., additional, Paganoni, Sabrina, additional, and Ratai, Eva-Maria, additional

Published
2020
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25. Extranodal Head and Neck Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Characteristics, Treatment, and Survival.

Author

Breen, Christopher T., Chao, Janet, Mehra, Saral, and Kohli, Nikita

Subjects
*LYMPHOMA treatment, *HEAD tumors, *PUBLIC health surveillance, *MORTALITY, *RESEARCH methodology, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *COMPARATIVE studies, *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry), *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *LYMPHOMAS, *SALIVARY glands, *NECK tumors
Abstract

Objectives: To describe disease characteristics and treatment and to analyze survival and mortality for extranodal mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the head and neck. Methods: Patients with extranodal MCL—excluding primary sites in the salivary glands, eye, and adnexa—were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 Registries (2000-2015). Overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of MCL and non-MCL mortality were calculated. Factors associated with MCL and non-MCL mortality were analyzed with cause-specific hazard models. Results: Five hundred nine patients met criteria for descriptive analysis and 294 patients met criteria for survival analysis, with a median follow-up of 58 months. The most common sites for MCL were the oropharynx (66.0%), nasopharynx (19.1%), and oral cavity (8.4%). The most common treatment received was chemotherapy alone (48.9%), followed by chemoradiation therapy (16.9%), and radiation therapy alone (10.4%). The proportion of cases diagnosed as early-stage disease ranged from 31% of sinonasal MCLs to 83% of laryngeal MCLs. At 5 years, OS was 63% (95% CI: 57%-69%). There was no significant difference in OS (P =.79), cumulative incidence of MCL mortality (P =.76), or cumulative incidence of non-MCL mortality (P =.98) by anatomic site. Comparing early-stage to late-stage disease, there was no significant difference in OS (P =.38), cumulative incidence of MCL mortality (P =.07), or cumulative incidence of non-MCL mortality (P =.14). Multivariate analysis showed increased hazard of MCL mortality for patients that were older or that presented with stage III or stage IV disease. Conclusion: The oropharynx is the most common subsite of head and neck MCLs, followed by the nasopharynx. Primary head and neck MCLs appear to present at an earlier stage than MCLs of other regions. In particular, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal MCLs may present as stage I or II disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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28. Genetic mapping of shnE.3.2 in Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Bieser, Kayla, Sanford, Jamie, Saville, Ken, Arreola, Katherine, Ayres, Zachary, Basulto, David, Benito, Serena, Breen, Christopher, Brix, Julian, Brown, Nicole, Burton, Krissa, Chadwick, Taree, Chen, Matthew, Chu, Katherine, Corbett, Beverly, Dill, Zerrick, Faughender, Meghan, Hickey, Ashlynn, Julia, Joshua, Kelty, Shannon, Jobs, Briggette, Krason, Bryce, Lam, Brian, McCullough, Colin, McEwen, Bryanna, McKenzie, Julian, McQuinn, Kayla, Moritz, Chloe, Myers, Kristina, Naugle, Elizabeth, Nutter, Ashley, O'Conke, Danielle, O'Grondik, Megan, Patel, Kriya, Rudowski, Sydney, Sberna, Emma, Stall, Gunner, Steiner, Tad, Tanriverdi, Eda, Torres Patarroyo, Natalie, Traster, Virginia, Tsai, Leo, Valenti, Andrew, Villegas, Mariela, Voors, Samantha, Watson, Kierra, Wright, Megan, and Kagey, Jacob

Subjects
New Finding, Phenotype Data
Abstract

An EMS screen was conducted utilizing the Flp/FRT system to identify mutations that lead to phenotypic alterations in the size of the eye, the ratio of mutant to wild type tissue (red over white), or the developmental patterning of the mosaic eye. This screen was completed in the genetic background of blocked apoptosis in the homozygous mutant cells to identify conditional regulators of cell growth and eye development (Kagey et al. 2012). The block in apoptosis in the mosaic mutant tissue was achieved by using the FRT42D Dark82 chromosome, which retains the w+mC (pigmentation), as a starting point for the EMS mutagenesis (Akdemir et al. 2006). One of the mutants identified was mutant E.3.2. The mutant mosaic phenotype, generated from the cross FRT42D Dark82 E.3.2 X Ey>Flp; FRT42D, resulted in a range of phenotypes. This included, gross eye pattern disruption, abnormal shape, and antennal overgrowth (see bottom image) when compared to the FRT42D Dark82 mosaic controls (Figure 1A). The control mosaic phenotype had a characteristic 60:40 red:white ratio as compared to the mutant mosaic phenotype of approximately 30:70 red:white ratio. This indicates a reduction in mutant tissue, but included abnormal cranial, eye, and antennal development (Figure 1A).

Published
2019

29. A robotic platform for flow synthesis of organic compounds informed by AI planning

Author

Coley, Connor W., Thomas, Dale A. III, Lummiss, Justin A.M., Jaworski, Jonathan N., Breen, Christopher P., Schultz, Victor, Hart, Travis, Fishman, Joshua S., Rogers, Luke, Gao, Hanyu, Hicklin, Robert W., Plehiers, Pieter P., Byington, Joshua, Piotti, John S., Green, William H., Hart, A. John, Jamison, Timothy F., Jensen, Klavs F., Coley, Connor W., Thomas, Dale A. III, Lummiss, Justin A.M., Jaworski, Jonathan N., Breen, Christopher P., Schultz, Victor, Hart, Travis, Fishman, Joshua S., Rogers, Luke, Gao, Hanyu, Hicklin, Robert W., Plehiers, Pieter P., Byington, Joshua, Piotti, John S., Green, William H., Hart, A. John, Jamison, Timothy F., and Jensen, Klavs F.

Abstract

The synthesis of complex organic molecules requires several stages, from ideation to execution, that require time and effort investment from expert chemists. Here, we report a step toward a paradigm of chemical synthesis that relieves chemists from routine tasks, combining artificial intelligence–driven synthesis planning and a robotically controlled experimental platform. Synthetic routes are proposed through generalization of millions of published chemical reactions and validated in silico to maximize their likelihood of success. Additional implementation details are determined by expert chemists and recorded in reusable recipe files, which are executed by a modular continuous-flow platform that is automatically reconfigured by a robotic arm to set up the required unit operations and carry out the reaction. This strategy for computer-augmented chemical synthesis is demonstrated for 15 drug or drug-like substances. © 2017 The Authors

Published
2019

30. Mac 911: solutions to your most vexing Mac problems

Author

Breen, Christopher

Subjects
eBay Inc., Microsoft Corp., Computer software industry -- International economic relations, Computer services industry -- International economic relations, Computer services industry, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Computers, iTunes (Sound/audio software)
Abstract

Burn Movies to Disc in an iDVD-less World Q: I haven't burned a movie to a DVD in ages but I now need to. How do I manage that when [...]

Published
2014

31. Loss of appetite in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with weight loss and decreased calorie consumption independent of dysphagia

Author

Mezoian, Taylor, primary, Belt, Emily, additional, Garry, Jamie, additional, Hubbard, Jane, additional, Breen, Christopher T., additional, Miller, Leah, additional, Levine‐Weinberg, Mark, additional, Nalipinski, Paige, additional, Sullivan, Stacey, additional, Chan, James, additional, and Wills, Anne‐Marie, additional

Published
2019
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33. A robotic platform for flow synthesis of organic compounds informed by AI planning

Author

Coley, Connor W., primary, Thomas, Dale A., additional, Lummiss, Justin A. M., additional, Jaworski, Jonathan N., additional, Breen, Christopher P., additional, Schultz, Victor, additional, Hart, Travis, additional, Fishman, Joshua S., additional, Rogers, Luke, additional, Gao, Hanyu, additional, Hicklin, Robert W., additional, Plehiers, Pieter P., additional, Byington, Joshua, additional, Piotti, John S., additional, Green, William H., additional, Hart, A. John, additional, Jamison, Timothy F., additional, and Jensen, Klavs F., additional

Published
2019
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34. Nutritional counseling with or without mobile health technology: a randomized open-label standard-of-care-controlled trial in ALS

Author

Wills, Anne-Marie M, primary, Garry, Jamie, additional, Hubbard, Jane, additional, Mezoian, Taylor, additional, Breen, Christopher T, additional, Miller, Courtney Ortiz, additional, Nalipinski, Paige, additional, Sullivan, Stacey, additional, Berry, James D, additional, Cudkowicz, Merit, additional, Paganoni, Sabrina, additional, Chan, James, additional, and Macklin, Eric A, additional

Published
2019
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35. Nutritional counseling with or without mobile health technology: a randomized open-label standard-of-care-controlled trial in ALS

Author

Wills, Anne-Marie M, primary, Garry, Jamie, additional, Hubbard, Jane, additional, Mezoian, Taylor, additional, Breen, Christopher T, additional, Miller, Courtney Ortiz, additional, Nalipinski, Paige, additional, Sullivan, Stacey, additional, Berry, James D, additional, Cudkowicz, Merit, additional, Paganoni, Sabrina, additional, Chan, James, additional, and Macklin, Eric A, additional

Published
2018
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37. An Analysis of Otolaryngology Medical Malpractice Payments From the National Practitioner Data Bank.

Author

Breen, Christopher T. and Mehra, Saral

Abstract

Objective: To describe malpractice payments made on behalf of otolaryngologists, analyze trends over time, and test the association of payment amount with severity of alleged malpractice and patient age. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Setting: National Practitioner Data Bank. Subjects and Methods: This study comprised all payments made on behalf of otolaryngologists from 1991 to 2018 that were reported to the National Practitioner Data Bank. Descriptive statistics were calculated within and across years. Trends in payments were analyzed with the Mann-Kendall test. Generalized linear regression was utilized to test for association of payment amount with severity of the alleged injury and patient age. Results: From 1991 to 2018, there was a significant decrease in the number of payments (272 to 81) and number of otolaryngologists on whose behalf payments were made (250 to 77). Mean and median payments increased significantly from $248,848 to $420,386 and from $96,813 to $275,000, respectively. By severity of alleged injury, mean payments ranged from $39,755 (95% CI, $20,957-$75,412) for insignificant injury to $754,349 (95% CI, $624,847-$910,692) for patients who were left quadriplegic, sustained brain damage, or required lifelong care. By patient age, mean payments for patients ≥60 years old were $191,465 (95% CI, $159,880-$229,292) versus $247,878 (95% CI, $209,416-$293,402) for patients aged 20 to 39 years and $232,225 (95% CI, $197,691-$272,793) for patients aged 40 to 59 years. Conclusion: The annual number and total value of malpractice payments decreased, while the annual mean and median payments increased. Payment amount was associated with severity of alleged malpractice and patient age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Loss of appetite in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with weight loss and decreased calorie consumption independent of dysphagia.

Author

Mezoian, Taylor, Belt, Emily, Garry, Jamie, Hubbard, Jane, Breen, Christopher T., Miller, Leah, Levine‐Weinberg, Mark, Nalipinski, Paige, Sullivan, Stacey, Chan, James, Wills, Anne‐Marie, Levine-Weinberg, Mark, and Wills, Anne-Marie

Subjects
RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, INGESTION, DEGLUTITION disorders, DIET, EVALUATION research, MEDICAL cooperation, COMPARATIVE studies, WEIGHT loss, AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis, RESEARCH funding, QUESTIONNAIRES, NUTRITIONAL status, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Background: Loss of appetite has been reported to affect up to half of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to be associated with weight loss. We wished to test whether loss of appetite correlates with reduced dietary intake independent of dysphagia.Methods: Appetite was measured repeatedly using the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) in participants in the Electronic health Application To Measure Outcomes REmotely study. Dietary intake and weight were compared to appetite, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised total and bulbar scores (dysphagia).Results: The average baseline CNAQ score was 30.4 (n = 61; SD = 3.9) with 18.0% scoring <28 points (severe loss of appetite). Lower CNAQ scores correlated with greater weight loss since diagnosis (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = -0.34; P = 0.009) and lower baseline energy intake (P = 0.007), independent of dysphagia.Conclusions: Our results support an association between loss of appetite and decreased calorie intake and weight in ALS which is independent of dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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39. Pilot trial of inosine to elevate urate levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Nicholson, Katharine, primary, Chan, James, additional, Macklin, Eric A., additional, Levine‐Weinberg, Mark, additional, Breen, Christopher, additional, Bakshi, Rachit, additional, Grasso, Daniela L., additional, Wills, Anne‐Marie, additional, Jahandideh, Samad, additional, Taylor, Albert A., additional, Beaulieu, Danielle, additional, Ennist, David L., additional, Andronesi, Ovidiu, additional, Ratai, Eva‐Maria, additional, Schwarzschild, Michael A., additional, Cudkowicz, Merit, additional, and Paganoni, Sabrina, additional

Published
2018
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44. Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Decarboxylative C–C Couplings in Batch and Continuous Flow

Author

Li, Hui, Breen, Christopher P., Seo, Hyowon, Jamison, Timothy F., Fang, Yuan-Qing, and Bio, Matthew M.

Abstract

An electrochemically driven, nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with aryl halides is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in a divided electrochemical cell and employs a tertiary amine as the reductant. This decarboxylative C(sp3)–C(sp2) bond-forming transformation exhibits excellent substrate generality and functional group compatibility. An operationally simple continuous-flow version of this transformation using a commercial electrochemical flow reactor represents a robust and scalable synthesis of value added coupling process.

Published
2024
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46. Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Decarboxylative C-C Couplings in Batch and Continuous Flow.

Author

Hui Li, Breen, Christopher P., Hyowon Seo, Jamison, Timothy F., Yuan-Qing Fang, and Bio, Matthew M.

Subjects
*NICKEL catalysts, *ARYL halides, *ELECTROCHEMISTRY, *TERTIARY amines, *CHEMICAL synthesis
Abstract

An electrochemically driven, nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with aryl halides is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in a divided electrochemical cell and employs a tertiary amine as the reductant. This decarboxylative C(sp³)-C(sp²) bond-forming transformation exhibits excellent substrate generality and functional group compatibility. An operationally simple continuous-flow version of this transformation using a commercial electrochemical flow reactor represents a robust and scalable synthesis of value added coupling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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47. How to uninstall MacKeeper from your Mac.

Author

BREEN, CHRISTOPHER

Subjects
*COMPUTER software, *IMAC (Computer)
Abstract

The article offers step-by-step instructions for installing MacKeeper software from iMac computers.

Published
2018

48. Automatically Hide apps

Author

Breen, Christopher

Subjects
Menuing utility, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Computers, DragThing (Menuing utility) -- Usage
Abstract

I work with a lot of apps throughout the day, and I keep them open at all times. This practice could lead to a lot of window clutter if it [...]

Published
2014

49. iReal Pro lends a helping hand in the practice room

Author

Breen, Christopher

Subjects
Music software, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Computers, iReal Pro 5.1 (Music software) -- Product/service Evaluations
Abstract

'Fake books' are a not-so-secret trick of the musician's trade: These collections of musical scores offer a lead sheet of melody and chords, leaving it up to the artist to [...]

Published
2014

50. Mac 911.

Author

BREEN, CHRISTOPHER

Subjects
*MACINTOSH (Computer), PHOTOGRAPHIC imaging software
Abstract

The article presents questions and answers related to problems encountered when using Mac computers from American technology company Apple, including questions relating to the "iPhoto" application, the star ratings for the "Photos" application, and geotags in the "iPhoto" application.

Published
2015

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