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O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os níveis de Cortisol e Alfa-amilase salivar, relacionando-os com o nível de estresse e desempenho acadêmico de calouros do curso de Enfermagem, durante a primeira avaliação prática da disciplina de Anatomia Humana. Os procedimentos de coleta de saliva foram realizados antes e após a aplicação da avaliação prática de Anatomia Humana. As concentrações de Cortisol e Alfa-amilase salivar foram avaliadas pelo método ELISA. Foi utilizada a versão reduzida do questionário de Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem. Resultados: Foi observado que a concentração média de cortisol salivar foi de 0,421 ± 0,076 µg/dL e final de 0,572 ± 0,096 µg/dL, caracterizando aumento significativo de 35,8% (p

Augusto Lombardi,1 Elena Pastore,1 Stefano Maggi,1 Gianluca Stanzani,2 Valeria Vitale,2 Camilla Romano,1 Laura Bersigotti,1 Andrea Vecchione,3 Claudio Amanti11Breast Surgery, Università La Sapienza, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, Rome, Italy; 2Breast Surgery, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, Rome, Italy; 3Department of Pathology, Università La Sapienza, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, Rome, ItalyBackground: The primary goal in conservative breast cancer surgery is the complete excision of the tumor, but at the same time attempting to obtain a satisfactory postoperative esthetic result. The notion of “No Ink on Tumor” that indicates exclusively the presence of tumor cells on the inked surface of the surgical specimen is now the gold standard; however, the problem of the free margin is still a fundamental topic of debate that has not yet found a definitive solution.Methods: Our retrospective analysis takes into account 1440 patients undergoing breast conservative surgery, from October 2004 to November 2018, all treated at the breast unit of our institution.Results: Positive margins (R1) rate was 10.2% (147 cases out of 1440). Overall survival was 95% at 5 years and 89% at 10years. No differences in mortality and local recurrence rate between R0 and R1 patients were found. Half of the R1 patients underwent secondary surgery with enlargement of margins, while in the other half we performed direct mastectomy. Among the analyzed variables, age, histological size, histological type, grading, multifocality, lympho-vascular invasion and lymph node status were significantly correlated with the R1 status. The multivariate analysis shows the association of age and surgical technique (oncoplastic) with R1 status.Conclusion: Further studies will allow the creation of a statistical model, for better pre-operative prediction of patients with higher risk of R1 and better selection of patients to be candidates for conservative surgery.Keywords: breast-conserving therapy, margin status, age, oncoplastic surgery

Objective: To evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in interstitial cells and ovarian follicles of rats treated with metformin during and after induction of permanent estrus. Methods: Thirty-two adult-female rats with regular estrous cycle were equally divided into four groups: 1) GCtrl - at estrous phase. 2) GPCOS - at permanent-estrous phase. 3) GMet1 - rats and daily treated with metformin (12.5 mg/Kg) during 60 consecutive days, as preventive form and 4) GMet2 - PCOS rats, which remained exposed to 60 days of continuous illumination and treated with metformin. After that, the animals were euthanized, and the ovaries were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E. for histomorphometry or subjected to immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 (Casp-3) detections. Results: The GPCOS showed lack of corpus luteum and several ovarian cysts, as well as interstitial-like cells. The presence of corpus luteum and a significant increase in primary and antral follicles were observed in Mel-treated groups, which also showed a decrease in the number of ovarian cysts and in the area occupied by interstitial-like cells. The presence of corpus luteum along with an increase in the number of primary follicles in the Met2 group were noticed (p

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da melatonina, metformina e citrato de clomifeno no endométrio de ratas modelo de síndrome dos ovários policísticos. Métodos: Setenta e oito ratas foram divididas em 13 grupos e dois experimentos (prevenção e tratamento). Após as exposições todos os animais foram anestesiados e tiveram retirados os cornos uterinos e submetidos a coloração pela hematoxilina e eosina e imunoistoquímica (Ki-67 e Vegf). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste t de Student (p

To evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in interstitial cells and ovarian follicles of rats treated with clomiphene citrate during and after induction of permanent estrus.Twenty four adult-female rats with regular estrous cycle were equally divided into three groups: (1) GCtrl-at estrous phase. (2) GPCOS-at permanent-estrous phase. (3) GCC-PCOS rats, which remained exposed to 60 days of continuous illumination and treated with Clomiphene Citrate. After that, the animals were euthanized, and the ovaries were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E. for histomorphometry or subjected to immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 detections.The GPCOS showed lack of corpus luteum and several ovarian cysts, as well as interstitial-like cells. The presence of corpus luteum and a significant increase in primary and antral follicles were observed in GCC, which also showed a decrease in the number of ovarian cysts and in the area occupied by interstitial-like cells, as well as a decrease in nuclear volume of interstitial cells. The percentage of cell proliferation was significantly higher in granulosa cells of the GCC. On the other hand, the percentage of apoptosis was significantly higher in the granulosa cells of GPCOS than the GCC.The ovaries of rats treated with clomiphene citrate showed a decrease in the number of cysts, an increase in the number of ovarian follicles, the presence of corpus luteum along with a decrease in the nuclear volume in the area occupied by interstitial cells.

Objective Activation of the trunk and lower limb muscles, namely the multifidus, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior, was analyzed using surface electromyographyin 40 young, healthy, and sedentary individuals. Methods Data were collected from sneaker-clad subjects with independent gait and during hippotherapy using saddles and blankets, with the feet in and out of the stirrups. Results Surface electromyography results demonstrated a statistically significantly greater activation of the rectus femoris comparison to tibialis anterior muscle during hippotherapy. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing variables related to the mount materials used in hippotherapy and human gait. Conclusion In this study, similarities were observed between activation of the trunk and lower limb muscles during hippotherapy and human gait. In addition, the mount materials and practices used in hippotherapy did not influence muscle activity.

Objective: To carry out morphometric, topographic, incidence analysis of retromolar foramina in dry adult human mandibles, and relate the findings to Dental practice. Methods: 265 mandibles were evaluated simultaneously by two researchers. With the aid of metal wires, each retromolar foramen was classified regarding diameter. Foramina with a diameter smaller than 0.5mm were not taken into account. Results: Retromolar foramina were observed in 23.4% of cases, with a higher bilateral incidence (with distinction of both antimeres), and up to 4 of them located in the same mandible. Furthermore, most foramina had a diameter between 0.5 and 1mm. Conclusion: The retromolar foramina are clinically relevant findings and should never be underestimated by clinicians. RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar análises morfométrica, topográfica e de incidência de forames retromolares em mandíbulas humanas maceradas de adultos, correlacionando os achados com a prática clínica odontológica. Métodos: 265 mandíbulas foram avaliadas simultaneamente por dois observadores. Com o auxílio de fios de metal, cada forame retromolar foi classificado quanto ao diâmetro. Forames inferiores a 0.5mm não foram contabilizados. Resultados: Observaram-se forames retromolares em 23.4% dos casos, com maior incidência bilateral (com distinção dos antímeros) e podendo ocorrer em número de até 4 em uma mesma peça anatômica. Além do mais, a grande maioria apresentou diâmetro entre 0.5 e 1mm. Conclusão: Os forames retromolares são achados consistentes e clinicamente relevantes, não devendo ser subestimados pelos clínicos.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ovarian effects of melatonin (Mel) in a rat model of polycystic-ovary-syndrome (PCOS) before and after permanent estrus induction. METHODS Thirty-two adult-female rats with regular estrous cycle were equally divided into four groups: 1) GCtrl – at estrous phase. 2) GPCOS - at permanent-estrous phase. 3) GMel1 – treated for 60 days with Mel (0.4 mg/Kg) during permanent estrus induction and 4) GMel2 – rats with PCOS and treated for 60 days with Mel. After that, the animals were euthanized, and the ovaries were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E. for histomorphometry or subjected to immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 (Casp-3) detections. RESULTS The GPCOS showed lack of corpus luteum and several ovarian cysts, as well as interstitial-like cells. The presence of corpus luteum and a significant increase in primary and antral follicles were observed in Mel-treated groups, which also showed a decrease in the number of ovarian cysts and in the area occupied by interstitial-like cells. These results were more evident in GMel1. The percentage of Ki-67-positive cells was significantly higher in the Mel-treated groups, mainly in the GMel2, as compared to GPCOS. On the other hand, the percentage of Casp-3-positive cells was significantly lower in granulosa cells of GMel1, whereas it was significantly higher in the interstitial-like cells of GMel2, in comparison to GPCOS. CONCLUSION Melatonin administration prevents the permanent estrus state in the PCOS rat model. This effect is more efficient when melatonin is administered before permanent estrus induction. RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar os efeitos ovarianos da melatonina (Mel) em ratas com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) antes e após a indução do estro-permanente. MÉTODOS Trinta e duas ratas com ciclos estrais regulares foram igualmente divididas em quatro grupos: 1) GCtrl - fase de estro. 2) GSOP - fase de estro-permanente. 3) GMel1 – tratadas por 60 dias com Mel (0,4 mg/kg) durante a indução do estro-permanente e 4) GMel2 – ratas com SOP e tratadas com Mel. Após eutanásia dos animais, os ovários foram processados para inclusão em parafina. Cortes foram corados com H.E ou submetidos à imuno-histoquímica para detecção de Ki-67 e caspase-3 clivada (Casp-3). RESULTADOS O GSOP mostrou ausência de corpos lúteos e vários cistos ovarianos, além de inúmeras células intersticiais. A presença de corpos lúteos e o aumento significativo dos folículos primários e antrais foram observados nos grupos tratados com Mel, os quais também mostraram diminuição no número de cistos ovarianos e na área ocupada pelas células intersticiais. Esses resultados foram mais evidentes no GMel1 do que no GMel2. A porcentagem de células Ki-67 positivas foi significativamente maior no GMel1 e no GMel2, sendo mais evidente no GMel2, em comparação ao GSOP. Por outro lado, a porcentagem de células positivas à Casp-3 foi menor nas células da granulosa do GMel1 e maior nas células intersticiais do GMel2, em comparação ao GSOP. CONCLUSÃO A administração de melatonina previne o estado de estro-permanente em ratas com SOP. Esse efeito é mais eficiente quando a melatonina é administrada após indução do estado de estro-permanente.

O objetivo foi avaliar a modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca em estímulos musicais em indivíduos musicalizados (GM) e não musicalizados (GNM). Foram avaliados 96 voluntários. Quatro músicas diferentes (M1, M2, M3 e M4) foram executadas. A análise dos dados foi feita no domínio do tempo pelos índices de RMSSD (raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca consecutivos. Este parâmetro fornece uma quantificação das variações abruptas da variabilidade) e pNN50 (NN50: quantidade absoluta (contagem) de intervalos NN que diferem mais de 50ms em relação ao intervalo anterior - pNN50: porcentagem de NN50 em relação à quantidade total de intervalos NN), e no domínio da frequência pelos índices de baixa frequência - LF (atividade simpática), alta frequência - HF (atividade parassimpática) e LF/HF (balanço simpático-vagal). Resultados: O GM apresentou menor atividade parassimpática durante a exposição a diferentes tipos de música, independente do sexo (p

O objetivo foi verificar o impacto do programa pré-esportivo da equoterapia na flexibilidade, força e equilíbrio de pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Participaram do estudo seis indivíduos com idade média de 17,5 ± 2,07 anos. Os atendimentos foram realizados uma vez por semana, por 30 minutos, a sela inglesa foi utilizada com o cavalo ao trote. O bloco de Wells foi usado para a avaliação da flexibilidade, o teste de Sentar e Levantar e o dinamômetro lombar para a avaliação de força muscular, e o teste Clínico de Integração Sensorial do Equilíbrio. As diferenças com valor p igual ou inferior a 5% foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados apresentaram significância na flexibilidade muscular (p=0,026), força muscular por meio do teste de Sentar e Levantar (p=0,004), dinamômetro lombar (p=0,014) e equilíbrio (p=0,045), após 10 atendimentos. Concluímos que o programa pré esportivo da equoterapia contribuiu para o desenvolvimento e desempenho físico desses sujeitos.

Equoterapia é um método terapêutico que utiliza o cavalo como ferramenta de tratamento em diversos comprometimentos físicos e intelectuais, complementando a reabilitação física e/ou social e promovendo resultados funcionais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, que teve como objetivo realizar mapeamento científico sobre a equoterapia, durante todo o período, por meio da análise bibliométrica. A busca apresentou resultados de 1972-2020, foram encontrados 360 artigos, 945 palavras chaves, 1.265 autores, com média de 3,37 por documento e 4,06 para coautores. A média de publicação foi 5,32 totalizando 12.532 referências. A análise permitiu descrever as palavras chaves mais citadas, fontes mais relevantes, publicação científica anual, autores mais citados, autores mais relevantes, estudos mais citados localmente, estudos mais citados globalmente, classificação de periódicos segundo fator de impacto e países mais citados. Promovendo mapeamento científico sobre a equoterapia e contribuindo para pesquisas futuras.

The azygos system has a wide range of anatomical variations and its knowledge is essential for anatomists, thoracic surgeons and radiologists. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the main anatomical variations of the azygos system in the main anatomy textbooks available in the literature and in embalmed cadavers. 14 anatomy books available in the literature and 13 embalmed cadavers and previously dissected were analyzed. The data collected both in the literature and in the embalmed cadavers demonstrated that the veins of the azygos system have many variations of origin, course, number of tributaries, anastomoses and termination. Such variations are extremely relevant from a surgical and radiological point of view. The results found will contribute to the education and training of professionals and students in addition to supporting future research.

Molecular analysis of

The purpose of this study was to carry out morphologic and topographic analyses of retromolar canals on cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans, comparing findings to others obtained from the corresponding digital panoramic radiographs. Sixty-one CBCT scans were analysed digitally, as well as their corresponding digital panoramic radiographs. The prevalence and distribution of these canals, foramen diameters, and intraosseous communications were also evaluated. On CBCT scans, we found that 24.6% of individuals had at least one retromolar canal. The mean foramen diameter was slightly higher than 1 mm and we could not determine the intraosseous anatomical connections in most cases. The morphology and topography of the retromolar canals were not affected by gender and antimere. In addition, only 22.2% of all tomographically identified canals could be confirmed on digital panoramic radiographs (26.7% of such patients). Regarding all sample, 6.6% of individuals showed retromolar canals on digital panoramic radiographs. We may consider that these structures are clinically relevant findings and, due to the low accuracy of the panoramic radiographs, high-quality tomographic exams should always be asked for presurgical treatment planning.

The forward-emitted low energy tail of the neutron spectrum generated by the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}(p,n)^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ reaction on a thick target at a proton energy of 1893.6 keV was measured by time-of-flight spectroscopy. The measurement was performed at BELINA (Beam Line for Nuclear Astrophysics) of the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. Using the reaction kinematics and the proton on lithium stopping power the shape of the excitation function is calculated from the measured neutron spectrum. Good agreement with two reported measurements was found. Our data, along with the previous measurements, are well reproduced by the Breit-Wigner single-resonance formula for $s$-wave particles. The differential yield of the reaction is calculated and the widely used neutron spectrum at a proton energy of 1912 keV was reproduced. Possible causes regarding part of the 6.5% discrepancy between the $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ cross section measured at this energy by Ratynski and Kappeler [Phys. Rev. C 37, 595 (1988)] and the one obtained using the Evaluated Nuclear Data File version B-VII.1 are given.

BACKGROUND The anterior region of the mandible is generally considered to be a safe region to invasive procedures; however, on its internal face, uncountable penetrating canals may be encountered. OBJECTIVE To perform morphometrical and topographical analysis of endosseous canals located at the inner side of the mandibular anterior region, using cone-beam computed tomography. METHODS Forty-six examinations were digitally analyzed. Localization of canals in relation to the midline, trajectories, communications between other anatomic structures and relation with teeth were evaluated. Longitudinal and transversal diameters of the canals and distances to the lower edge and symphysis of the mandible were also measured. RESULTS All individuals had at least 1 canal, with a mean of 2.3 and higher prevalence in the midline region. The adjacent teeth to the canals were usually the incisors but the authors could not determine the connected anatomical structure in most patients. Both the mean diameters were quite similar, about 1 mm; however, the trajectories and distances to the lower edge and symphysis of mandible showed a remarkable heterogeneity among the individuals. CONCLUSIONS These endosseous canals are consistent and clinically relevant findings and should never be underestimated by professionals.