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14 results on '"Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER)"'

1. Impact of Continental Freshwater Runoff on Coastal Sea Level

Author

Rui M. Ponte, Christopher G. Piecuch, Jamal Uddin Khan, Sherin V. Raju, Fabrice Papa, Fabien Durand, Melanie Becker, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences (IFCWS), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), ANR-17-CE03-0001,DELTA,Les deltas sous l'impact du changement global(2017), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Baroclinity, Observational techniques, Forcing (mathematics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Current (stream), Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Others, Barotropic fluid, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Temporal scales, Surface runoff, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Freshwater discharge to the coastal ocean is a fundamental component of the global water cycle. It can impact coastal sea level over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. Here we review the status of the current knowledge based on observational and modeling approaches. The main limitation in studies of the influence of rivers on coastal sea level has been the lack of consolidated discharge databases. We first provide an inventory of the main data sources currently available. We then review the existing knowledge about the runoff forcing of coastal sea level, differentiating between the mass and steric height contributions. Both mechanisms are important for coastal sea level budget, although they act on different scales. The mass contribution is related to a global ocean response that is established on relatively short timescales through barotropic processes while the steric contribution is associated with more of a regional adjustment that takes place on longer timescales by means of baroclinic dynamics. While numerical models required to simulate the runoff impact on coastal sea level variability have been improving over the past decades , a similar evolution is awaited for observational techniques, both for in situ observation and for remote sensing.

Published
2019
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2. 10-year satellite-constrained fluxes of ammonia improve performance of chemistry transport models

Author

Anne Cozic, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Lieven Clarisse, Sabine Eckhardt, Yves Balkanski, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Didier Hauglustaine, Karen Cady-Pereira, Mark W. Shephard, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, North china, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Late summer, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia, Phénomènes atmosphériques, medicine, Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], business.industry, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, Satellite, Fertilizer, business, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

In recent years, ammonia emissions have been continuously increasing, being almost 4 times higher than in the 20th century. Although an important species, as its use as a fertilizer sustains human living, ammonia has major consequences for both humans and the environment because of its reactive gas-phase chemistry that makes it easily convertible to particles. Despite its pronounced importance, ammonia emissions are highly uncertain in most emission inventories. However, the great development of satellite remote sensing nowadays provides the opportunity for more targeted research on constraining ammonia emissions. Here, we used satellite measurements to calculate global ammonia emissions over the period 2008 2017. Then, the calculated ammonia emissions were fed to a chemistry transport model, and ammonia concentrations were simulated for the period 2008 2017. The simulated concentrations of ammonia were compared with ground measurements from Europe, North America and Southeastern Asia, as well as with satellite measurements. The satellite-constrained ammonia emissions represent global concentrations more accurately than state-of-theart emissions. Calculated fluxes in the North China Plain were seen to be more increased after 2015, which is not due to emission changes but due to changes in sulfate emissions that resulted in less ammonia neutralization and hence in larger atmospheric loads. Emissions over Europe were also twice as much as those in traditional datasets with dominant sources being industrial and agricultural applications. Four hot-spot regions of high ammonia emissions were seen in North America, which are characterized by high agricultural activity, such as animal breeding, animal farms and agricultural practices. South America is dominated by ammonia emissions from biomass burning, which causes a strong seasonality. In Southeastern Asia, ammonia emissions from fertilizer plants in China, Pakistan, India and Indonesia are the most important, while a strong seasonality was observed with a spring and late summer peak due to rice and wheat cultivation. Measurements of ammonia surface concentrations were better reproduced with satellite-constrained emissions, such as measurements from CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder)., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021
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3. Emergence of a novel Enterobacter kobei clone carrying chromosomal-encoded CTX-M-12 with diversified pathogenicity in northeast China

Author

Kai Zhou, Baohong Wang, Vincent Cattoir, Richard Bonnet, Wei Yu, Yonghong Xiao, John W. A. Rossen, Ping Shen, Zhejiang University, Brunel University London [Uxbridge], SYNAPSE, Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Systèmes Intelligents (LISSI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), School of Engineering and Design, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, USC2018 Microbes, Intestine, Inflammation and Host Susceptibility, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, clone (Java method), Enterobacter kobei, CTX-M-12, 030106 microbiology, E. cloacae, Biology, Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Journal Article, lcsh:RC109-216, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biofilm, E. kobei, Chromosome, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Pathogenicity, community-acquired infection, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING
Abstract

A rare CTX-M gene bla CTX-M-12 used to be carried on plasmids was detected in the chromosome of three clinical E. kobei strains. They shared a new sequence type assigned as ST591, and were differed by 57 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. An intra-clonal diversification on the capacity of biofilm formation was detected.

Published
2017
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4. Atmospheric ammonia variability and link with particulate matter formation: a case study over the Paris area

Author

C. Viatte, T. Wang, M. Van Damme, E. Dammers, F. Meleux, L. Clarisse, M. W. Shephard, S. Whitburn, P. F. Coheur, K. E. Cady-Pereira, C. Clerbaux, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER)

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Atmospheric model, 010501 environmental sciences, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, medicine, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Particulates, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, HYSPLIT, Environmental science, Spatial variability, lcsh:Physics, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

The Paris megacity experiences frequent particulate matter (i.e.PM2.5, particulate matterwith a diameter less than 2.5 µm) pollution episodes in spring(March–April). At this time of the year, large numbers of the particlesconsist of ammonium sulfate and nitrate which are formed from ammonia(NH3) released during fertilizer spreading practices and transportedfrom the surrounding areas to Paris. There is still limited knowledge of theemission sources around Paris, their magnitude, and their seasonality. Using space-borne NH3 observation records of 10 years (2008–2017) and5 years (2013–2017) provided by the Infrared Atmospheric SoundingInterferometer (IASI) and the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)instrument, regional patterns of NH3 variabilities (seasonal andinterannual) are derived. Observations reveal identical high seasonalvariability with three major NH3 hotspots found from March to August.The high interannual variability is discussed with respect to atmospherictotal precipitation and temperature. A detailed analysis of the seasonal cycle is performed using both IASI andCrIS instrument data, together with outputs from the CHIMERE atmosphericmodel. For 2014 and 2015, the CHIMERE model shows coefficients ofdetermination of 0.58 and 0.18 when compared to IASI and CrIS,respectively. With respect to spatial variability, the CHIMERE monthlyNH3 concentrations in spring show a slight underrepresentation overBelgium and the United Kingdom and an overrepresentation in agricultural areasin the French Brittany–Pays de la Loire and Plateau du Jura region, as wellas in northern Switzerland. In addition, PM2.5 concentrationsderived from the CHIMERE model have been evaluated against surfacemeasurements from the Airparif network over Paris, with which agreement wasfound (r2 = 0.56) with however an underestimation during springpollution events. Using HYSPLIT cluster analysis of back trajectories, we show that NH3total columns measured in spring over Paris are enhanced when air massesoriginate from the north-east (e.g. the Netherlands and Belgium), highlightingthe importance of long-range transport in the NH3 budget over Paris.Variability in NH3 in the north-east region is likely to impact NH3concentrations in the Parisian region since the cross-correlation functionis above 0.3 (at lag = 0 and 1 d). Finally, we quantify the key meteorological parameters driving the specificconditions important for the formation of PM2.5 from NH3 in theÎle-de-France region in spring. Data-driven results based on surfacePM2.5 measurements from the Airparif network and IASI NH3measurements show that a combination of the factors such as a low boundarylayer of ∼500 m, a relatively low temperature of 5 ∘C, a high relative humidity of 70 %, and wind from the north-eastcontributes to a positive PM2.5 and NH3 correlation., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020
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5. CMIP5 model selection for ISMIP6 ice sheet model forcing: Greenland and Antarctica

Author

Christopher M. Little, Cécile Agosta, Heiko Goelzer, Sophie Nowicki, Helene Seroussi, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Fiammetta Straneo, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Tore Hattermann, Alice Barthel, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), ANR-15-CE01-0015,AC-AHC2,Circulation atmosphérique et changement de cycle hydrologique pour l'Arctique(2015), ANR-15-CE01-0005,TROIS-AS,Vers un système de modélisation régionale océan / calotte / atmosphère(2015), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Forcing (mathematics), 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Earth-Surface Processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Géologie et minéralogie, Continental shelf, Model selection, lcsh:QE1-996.5, VDP::Technology: 500, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400, Ice-sheet model, lcsh:Geology, Sea surface temperature, VDP::Teknologi: 500, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, théorie et applications [Econométrie et méthodes statistiques], Ice sheet
Abstract

The ice sheet model intercomparison project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) effort brings together the ice sheet and climate modeling communities to gain understanding of the ice sheet contribution to sea level rise. ISMIP6 conducts stand-alone ice sheet experiments that use space- and time-varying forcing derived from atmosphere-ocean coupled global climate models (AOGCMs) to reflect plausible trajectories for climate projections. The goal of this study is to recommend a subset of CMIP5 AOGCMs (three core and three targeted) to produce forcing for ISMIP6 stand-alone ice sheet simulations, based on (i) their representation of current climate near Antarctica and Greenland relative to observations and (ii) their ability to sample a diversity of projected atmosphere and ocean changes over the 21st century. The selection is performed separately for Greenland and Antarctica. Model evaluation over the historical period focuses on variables used to generate ice sheet forcing. For stage (i), we combine metrics of atmosphere and surface ocean state (annual- and seasonal-mean variables over large spatial domains) with metrics of time-mean subsurface ocean temperature biases averaged over sectors of the continental shelf. For stage (ii), we maximize the diversity of climate projections among the best-performing models. Model selection is also constrained by technical limitations, such as availability of required data from RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 projections. The selected top three CMIP5 climate models are CCSM4, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M for Antarctica and HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, and NorESM1-M for Greenland. This model selection was designed specifically for ISMIP6 but can be adapted for other applications., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020
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6. NH3 emissions from large point sources derived from CrIS and IASI satellite observations

Author

Dammers, E., McLinden, C.A., Griffin, D., Shephard, M.W., Graaf, S. van der, Lutsch, E., Schaap, M., Gainairu-Matz, Y., Fioletov, V., Damme, M. van, Whitburn, S., Clarisse, L., Cady-Pereira, K., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P. francois, Erisman, J.W., Environment and Climate Change Canada, Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], Cluster Earth and Climate [Amsterdam], Department of Earth Sciences [Amsterdam], Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)-Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), VU University Amsterdam-VU University Amsterdam, Earth and Climate, and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Phénomènes atmosphériques, Urbanisation, Environment, Environment & Sustainability
Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) is an essential reactive nitrogen species in the biosphere and through its use in agriculture in the form of fertilizer (important for sustaining humankind). The current emission levels, however, are up to 4 times higher than in the previous century and continue to grow with uncertain consequences to human health and the environment. While NH3 at its current levels is a hazard to environmental and human health, the atmospheric budget is still highly uncertain, which is a product of an overall lack of measurements. The capability to measure NH3 with satellites has opened up new ways to study the atmospheric NH3 budget. In this study, we present the first estimates of NH3 emissions, lifetimes and plume widths from large (>∼ 5 kt yr-1) agricultural and industrial point sources from Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) satellite observations across the globe with a consistent methodology. The same methodology is also applied to the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) (A and B) satellite observations, and we show that the satellites typically provide comparable results that are within the uncertainty of the estimates. The computed NH3 lifetime for large point sources is on average 2:35±1:16 h. For the 249 sources with emission levels detectable by the CrIS satellite, there are currently 55 locations missing (or underestimated by more than an order of magnitude) from the current Hemispheric Transport Atmospheric Pollution version 2 (HTAPv2) emission inventory and only 72 locations with emissions within a factor of 2 compared to the inventories. The CrIS emission estimates give a total of 5622 kt yr-1, for the sources analyzed in this study, which is around a factor of ∼ 2:5 higher than the emissions reported in HTAPv2. Furthermore, the study shows that it is possible to accurately detect short-and long-Term changes in emissions, demonstrating the possibility of using satellite-observed NH3 to constrain emission inventories., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
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7. ATMOSPHERIC GAS ABSORPTION KNOWLEDGE IN THE SUB-MILLIMETER: Modeling, field measurements, and uncertainty quantification

Author

Mario Mech, Viju O. John, Jérôme Vidot, Stuart Fox, Vinia Mattioli, Emma Turner, Carlos De Breuck, Ralf Bennartz, Eli J. Mlawer, Christophe Accadia, Michael Bremer, Tobias Wehr, Alan J. Geer, Alain Smette, Pascal Brunel, Catherine Prigent, Susanne Crewell, Sabatino Di Michele, Maria P. Cadeddu, Domenico Cimini, Frank S. Marzano, Juan R. Pardo, Patrick Eriksson, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD), Cardiff University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council (IMAA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UK Met Office, Centre de Météorologie Spatiale, Direction des Opérations pour la Prévision (DIROP), Météo-France -Météo-France, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Department of Energy (US), Swedish National Space Agency, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universität zu Köln, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Météo France, Ecosystèmes littoraux et côtiers (ELICO), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecosystèmes littoraux et côtiers - UMR 8013 (ELICO)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), radiometry, radiative transfer, modeling, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Uncertainty quantification, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

5 pags., 1 fig., descripción no proporcionada por scopus, The workshop was hosted by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany. Maria Cadeddu is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Infrastructure Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Patrick Ericksson is was supported by the Swedish National Space Agency. Ralf Bennartz was supported by NASA USPI Grant NNX17AJ09G.

Published
2019
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8. Towards Comprehensive Observing and Modeling Systems for Monitoring and Predicting Regional to Coastal Sea Level

Author

Rui M. Ponte, Mark Carson, Mauro Cirano, Catia M. Domingues, Svetlana Jevrejeva, Marta Marcos, Gary Mitchum, R. S. W. van de Wal, Philip L. Woodworth, Michaël Ablain, Fabrice Ardhuin, Valérie Ballu, Mélanie Becker, Jérôme Benveniste, Florence Birol, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Anny Cazenave, P. De Mey-Frémaux, Fabien Durand, Tal Ezer, Lee-Lueng Fu, Ichiro Fukumori, Kathy Gordon, Médéric Gravelle, Stephen M. Griffies, Weiqing Han, Angela Hibbert, Chris W. Hughes, Déborah Idier, Villy H. Kourafalou, Christopher M. Little, Andrew Matthews, Angélique Melet, Mark Merrifield, Benoit Meyssignac, Shoshiro Minobe, Thierry Penduff, Nicolas Picot, Christopher Piecuch, Richard D. Ray, Lesley Rickards, Alvaro Santamaría-Gómez, Detlef Stammer, Joanna Staneva, Laurent Testut, Keith Thompson, Philip Thompson, Stefano Vignudelli, Joanne Williams, Simon D. P. Williams, Guy Wöppelmann, Laure Zanna, Xuebin Zhang, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), University of Hamburg, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Division Hydrographie Océanographie et Météorologie Militaire (HOM), Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Bangor University, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Institute of Marine Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Oxford, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and European Commission

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, coastal impacts, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, integrated observing system, lcsh:QH1-199.5, coastal, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Data assimilation, 14. Life underwater, impacts, lcsh:Science, Sea level, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, coastal sea level, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, Environmental resource management, Geodetic datum, Future sea level, sea-level trends, Current (stream), coastal adaptation, 13. Climate action, observational gaps, coastal ocean modeling, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Coastal impacts, business, Downscaling
Abstract

A major challenge for managing impacts and implementing effective mitigation measures and adaptation strategies for coastal zones affected by future sea level (SL) rise is our limited capacity to predict SL change at the coast on relevant spatial and temporal scales. Predicting coastal SL requires the ability to monitor and simulate a multitude of physical processes affecting SL, from local effects of wind waves and river runoff to remote influences of the large-scale ocean circulation on the coast. Here we assess our current understanding of the causes of coastal SL variability on monthly to multi-decadal timescales, including geodetic, oceanographic and atmospheric aspects of the problem, and review available observing systems informing on coastal SL. We also review the ability of existing models and data assimilation systems to estimate coastal SL variations and of atmosphere-ocean global coupled models and related regional downscaling efforts to project future SL changes. We discuss (1) observational gaps and uncertainties, and priorities for the development of an optimal and integrated coastal SL observing system, (2) strategies for advancing model capabilities in forecasting short-term processes and projecting long-term changes affecting coastal SL, and (3) possible future developments of sea level services enabling better connection of scientists and user communities and facilitating assessment and decision making for adaptation to future coastal SL change., RP was funded by NASA grant NNH16CT00C. CD was supported by the Australian Research Council (FT130101532 and DP 160103130), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group 148, funded by national SCOR committees and a grant to SCOR from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant OCE-1546580), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO/International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IOC/IODE) IQuOD Steering Group. SJ was supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council under Grant Agreement No. NE/P01517/1 and by the EPSRC NEWTON Fund Sustainable Deltas Programme, Grant Number EP/R024537/1. RvdW received funding from NWO, Grant 866.13.001. WH was supported by NASA (NNX17AI63G and NNX17AH25G). CL was supported by NASA Grant NNH16CT01C. This work is a contribution to the PIRATE project funded by CNES (to TP). PT was supported by the NOAA Research Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program through its sponsorship of UHSLC (NA16NMF4320058). JS was supported by EU contract 730030 (call H2020-EO-2016, “CEASELESS”). JW was supported by EU Horizon 2020 Grant 633211, Atlantos.

Published
2019
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9. Concepts and Terminology for Sea Level: Mean, Variability and Change, Both Local and Global

Author

Natalya Gomez, Mark E. Tamisiea, Detlef Stammer, Rui M. Ponte, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Jason Lowe, John A. Church, Stephen M. Griffies, Robert E. Kopp, Chris W. Hughes, Gonéri Le Cozannet, Felix W. Landerer, Ichiro Fukimori, Jonathan M. Gregory, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Bangor University, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), University of Hamburg, Center for Space Research [Austin] (CSR), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Leeds, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Global warming, Subject (philosophy), Public policy, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Ambiguity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Terminology, 01 natural sciences, Epistemology, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Order (exchange), Geochemistry and Petrology, Sea level, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Concepts
Abstract

International audience; Changes in sea level lead to some of the most severe impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Consequently, they are a subject of great interest in both scientific research and public policy. This paper defines concepts and terminology associated with sea level and sea-level changes in order to facilitate progress in sea-level science, in which communication is sometimes hindered by inconsistent and unclear language. We identify key terms and clarify their physical and mathematical meanings, make links between concepts and across disciplines, draw distinctions where there is ambiguity, and propose new terminology where it is lacking or where existing terminology is confusing. We include for-mulae and diagrams to support the definitions.

Published
2019
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10. Present and future of L-Band radiometry

Author

Rajat Bindlish, Dara Entekhabi, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Yann Kerr, Nicolas Reut, Gary Lagerloef, Lars Kaleschke, Jacqueline Boutin, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Tong Lee, Simon Yueh, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), ESR. Station d'Economie et Sociologie rurales, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de Hambourg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
L band, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 020801 environmental engineering, L band radiometry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Radiometry, Satellite, Uniqueness, Orbit (control theory), Microwave radiometry, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience; After almost 9 years in orbit L band satellite radiometry has demonstrated its impacts and values for a wide range of science and applications. In some cases it has demonstrated its uniqueness for assessing key environmental variables and in many others its high impact.

Published
2018
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11. Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA) (vol 11, 33, 2016)

Author

Sartelli, M., Weber, D. G., Ruppe, E., Bassetti, M., Wright, B. J., Ansaloni, L., Catena, F., Coccolini, F., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Coimbra, R., Moore, E. E., Moore, F. A., Maier, R. V., De Waele, J. J., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Griffiths, E. A., Eckmann, C., Brink, A. J., Mazuski, J. E., May, A. K., Sawyer, R. G., Mertz, D., Montravers, P., Kumar, A., Roberts, J. A., Vincent, L., Watkins, R. R., Lowman, W., Spellberg, B., Abbott, I. J., Adesunkanmi, A. K., Al-Dahir, S., Al-Hasan, M. N., Agresta, F., Althani, A. A., Ansari, S., Ansumana, R., Augustin, G., Bala, M., Balogh, Z. J., Baraket, O., Bhangu, A., Beltrán, Anna Maria, Bernhard, M., Biffl, W. L., Boermeester, M. A., Brecher, S. M., Cherry-Bukowiec, J. R., Buyne, O. R., Cainzos, M. A., Cairns, K. A., Camacho-Ortiz, A., Chandy, S. J., Jusoh, A. Che, Chichom-Mefire, A., Colijn, C., Corcione, F., Cui, Y., Curcio, D., Delibegovic, S., Demetrashvili, Z., De Simone, B., Dhingra, S., Diaz, J. J., Di Carlo, I., Dillip, A., Di Saverio, S., Doyle, M. P., Dorj, G., Dogjani, A., Dupont, H., Eachempati, S. R., Enani, M. A., Egiev, V. N., Elmangory, M. M., Ferrada, P., Fitchett, J. R., Fraga, G. P., Guessennd, N., Giamarellou, H., Ghnnam, W., Gkiokas, G., Goldberg, S. R., Gomes, C. A., Gomi, H., Guzman-Blanco, M., Haque, M., Hansen, S., Hecker, A., Heizmann, W. R., Herzog, T., Hodonou, A. M., Hong, S. K., Kafka-Ritsch, R., Kaplan, L. J., Kapoor, G., Karamarkovic, A., Kees, M. G., Kenig, J., Kiguba, R., Kim, P. K., Kluger, Y., Khokha, V., Koike, K., Kok, K. Y., Kong, V., Knox, M. C., Inaba, K., Isik, A., Iskandar, K., Ivatury, R. R., Labbate, M., Labricciosa, F. M., Laterre, P. F., Latifi, R., Lee, J. G., Lee, Y. R., Leone, M., Leppaniemi, A., Li, Y., Liang, S. Y., Loho, T., Maegele, M., Malama, S., Marei, H. E., Martin-Loeches, I., Marwah, S., Massele, A., McFarlane, M., Melo, R. B., Negoi, I., Nicolau, D. P., Nord, C. E., Ofori-Asenso, R., Omari, A. H., Ordonez, C. A., Ouadii, M., Pereira Junior, G. A., Piazza, D., Pupelis, G., Rawson, T. M., Rems, M., Rizoli, S., Rocha, C., Sakakushev, B., Sanchez-Garcia, M., Sato, N., Segovia Lohse, H. A., Sganga, G., Siribumrungwong, B., Shelat, V. G., Soreide, K., Soto, R., Talving, P., Tilsed, J. V., Timsit, J. F., Trueba, G., Trung, N. T., Ulrych, J., Van Goor, H., Vereczkei, A., Vohra, R. S., Wani, I., Uhl, W., Xiao, Y., Yuan, K. C., Zachariah, S. K., Zahar, J. R., Zakrison, T. L., Corcione, A., Melotti, R. M., Viscoli, C., Viale, P., Universita 'La Sapienza' Roma (Istituto CNR), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Universidade de Aveiro, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Defence University of Malaysia [Kuala Lumpur], Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (MPI-PKS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Zhejiang University, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), and COMBE, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Carbapenems, Antimicrobial Resistance, Invasive Candidiasis, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Tigecycline, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients.The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance.The overuse of antimicrobials is widely accepted as a major driver of some emerging infections (such as C. difficile), the selection of resistant pathogens in individual patients, and for the continued development of antimicrobial resistance globally. The growing emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms and the limited development of new agents available to counteract them have caused an impending crisis with alarming implications, especially with regards to Gram-negative bacteria.An international task force from 79 different countries has joined this project by sharing a document on the rational use of antimicrobials for patients with IAIs. The project has been termed AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections). The authors hope that AGORA, involving many of the world's leading experts, can actively raise awareness in health workers and can improve prescribing behavior in treating IAIs.

Published
2017
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12. Satellite and In Situ Salinity: Understanding Near-Surface Stratification and Subfootprint Variability

Author

Ludovic Brucker, Andrea Santos-Garcia, Tong Lee, Jacqueline Boutin, Alexander Soloviev, Emmanuel P. Dinnat, Brian Ward, Wenqing Tang, Nicolas Reul, William E. Asher, Nadya T. Vinogradova, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Julian Schanze, Kyla Drushka, Jessica Anderson, Thomas Meissner, Yi Chao, Christophe Maes, Thierry Delcroix, W.L. Jones, R. Drucker, Lisan Yu, Gilles Reverdin, Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCLA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-NASA, Remote Sensing Solutions, University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Ifremer, Centre de Toulon, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Earth and Space Research Institute [Seattle] (ESR), Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), GSFC Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Electrical and Computer Engineering Department [Orlando], University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Remote Sensing Systems [Santa Rosa] (RSS), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), CNES, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-NASA, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Mesoscale meteorology, Stratification (water), 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, western equatorial pacific, barrier layer, tropical oceans, north-atlantic, ocean salinity, 14. Life underwater, Water cycle, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, boundary-layer, pacific warm pool, Salinity, Ocean dynamics, band radiometer/scatterometer observations, 13. Climate action, polar-regions, air-sea interaction, Environmental science, Satellite, Microwave
Abstract

Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration and validation of these measurements is challenging because satellite and in situ methods measure salinity differently. Microwave radiometers measure the salinity in the top few centimeters of the ocean, whereas most in situ observations are reported below a depth of a few meters. Additionally, satellites measure salinity as a spatial average over an area of about 100 × 100 km2. In contrast, in situ sensors provide pointwise measurements at the location of the sensor. Thus, the presence of vertical gradients in, and horizontal variability of, sea surface salinity complicates comparison of satellite and in situ measurements. This paper synthesizes present knowledge of the magnitude and the processes that contribute to the formation and evolution of vertical and horizontal variability in near-surface salinity. Rainfall, freshwater plumes, and evaporation can generate vertical gradients of salinity, and in some cases these gradients can be large enough to affect validation of satellite measurements. Similarly, mesoscale to submesoscale processes can lead to horizontal variability that can also affect comparisons of satellite data to in situ data. Comparisons between satellite and in situ salinity measurements must take into account both vertical stratification and horizontal variability.

Published
2016
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13. Sources of discrepancies between satellite-derived and land surface model estimates of latent heat fluxes

Author

Lipton, Alan, Liang, Pan, Jiménez, Carlos, Moncet, Jean-Luc, Aires, Filipe, Prigent, Catherine, Lynch, Richard, Galantowicz, John, d'Entremont, Robert, Uymin, Gennady, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [Lowell], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015
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14. Sensitivity analysis for climate change impacts, adaptation & mitigation projection with pasture models

Author

Bellocchi, Gianni, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Rich, Conant, Nuala, Fitton, Matthew, Harrison, Mark, Lieffering, Minet, Julien, Martin, Raphaël, Moore, Andrew, Myrgiotis, Vasileios, Rolinski, Susanne, Ruget, Francoise, Snow, Val, Wang, Hong, Wu, Lianhai, Ruane, Alex, Soussana, Jean-François, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Agresearch Ltd, Université de Liège, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Rothamsted Research, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), and AgMIP

Subjects
changement climatique, sol, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, prairie, gaz à effet de serre, carbone, Milieux et Changements globaux
Abstract

National audience; The development of climate adaptation services requires an improved accuracy in model projections for climate change impacts on pastures. Moreover, changes in grassland management need to be tested in terms of their adaptation and mitigation potential. Within AgMIP (Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project), based on the C3MP protocol for crops, we explore climate change impacts on future greenhouse gas emissions and removals in temperate grassland systems. Site calibrated models are used to provide projections under probabilistic climate change scenarios, which are defined by a combination of air temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 changes. This design provides a test of yield, greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CH4) and C sequestration sensitivity to climate change drivers. Moreover, changes in animal stocking density and in grazing vs. cutting are explored to test potential mitigation and adaptation options. This integrated approach has been tested for 12 models applied to 19 grassland sites over three continents and is seen as a pre-requisite for the use of models in the development of climate adaptation and mitigation services for grazing livestock.

Published
2015

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