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Background: Recent data show that aesthetic surgery research is lagging compared with reconstructive surgery: research funding and institutional disparities within aesthetic surgery are potential factors in this trend.Objectives: The authors sought to determine if disparities exist in aesthetic surgery research based on funding sources or practice settings.Methods: The authors reviewed Aesthetic Surgery Journal articles from 2009 to 2019. Chi-square, t test, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses were employed to evaluate research trends.Results: A total of 2262 publications were identified, with 318 funded articles meeting inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (294, 92%) received external funding, with 281 (88%) being supported solely by external funds. Externally funded studies were financed by private industry (194, 66%), foundations/societies (53, 18%), government grants (23, 8%), or a combination of agencies (24, 8%). The majority of funded studies were at academic institutions (266, 84%), followed by private practice (46, 14%) and private industry (6, 2%). Analysis of annual publications revealed a rising percentage of academic-based research, which correlated with decreasing research from private practice (r = -0.95, r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001). Compared with academic institutions, private practice relied more heavily on industry funding (55% vs 87%, respectively, P = 0.001), exhibiting lower rates of foundational/societal (20% vs 2%), governmental (9% vs 0%), combined (8% vs 7%), and internal department funding (8% vs 4%). Article citations and level of evidence were unaffected by funding source, agency, or practice setting.Conclusions: Lack of diversity in research funding among private practice surgeons may explain the reported discrepancies that currently exist between aesthetic and reconstructive surgery research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in neoadjuvant regimens for esophageal adenocarcinoma have enabled some patients to achieve complete pathologic response at time of esophagectomy. There are currently limited data detailing this trend or the implications of complete pathologic response on survival. The National Cancer Database was used to identify 16,169 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma that received trimodal therapy including esophagectomy between 2006 and 2020. Of these, 11.4% had complete pathologic response at esophagectomy. Patient factors, staging characteristics, and survival trends were evaluated. In patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2020, the rate of complete pathologic response was 17.5%. Female sex (OR 1.295, 95% CI 1.134-1.481, p = 0.0001), Black race (OR 1.729, 95% CI 1.362-2.196, p = 0.0002), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.418, 95% CI 1.073-1.875, p = 0.0141), and later era of diagnosis (2016-2020 OR 2.898, 95% CI 2.508-3.349, p < 0.0001) were independent predictors of complete pathologic response. Clinical stage II disease was associated with an increased probability of complete pathologic response (OR 1.492, 95% CI 1.19-1.871) while clinical stage III disease had a decreased probability of complete pathologic response (OR 0.762, 95% CI 0.621-0.936, p < 0.0001). Complete pathologic response conveyed a strong survival benefit, with a median survival of 86.4 months (95% CI 73.9-102.1) versus 30.7 months (95% CI 29.8-31.7, p < 0.0001) in those without complete pathologic response. Four-year median survival was also higher in those with complete pathologic response (63.3%, 95% CI 60.8-66.0% vs. 39.2%, 95% CI 38.4-40.1%, p < 0.0001). In summary, complete pathologic response is associated with a profound survival advantage in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Such knowledge carries implications for patient counseling, prognostication, and surveillance and demonstrates a need for improved identification of complete clinical response prior to esophagectomy., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)