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Objective: In this study, we investigated the prognostic values of various pathological and inflammatory parameters in patients with high-grade lamina propriainvasive (T1G3) bladder cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: Between 2006 and 2018, patients with pathological evaluation of T1G3 bladder urothelial carcinoma in our institution who did not meet the exclusion criteria were included in the study. Parameters such as gender, tumor diameter, tumor number, lamina propria invasion depth, presence of carcinoma in situ, presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), presence of variant histology, lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic inflammatory markers (SIM) were statistically analyzed. Results: After the exclusion criteria were evaluated, 76 patients were included in the study from 157 patients. Recurrence was observed in 37 (48.68%) patients, and progression was observed in 21 (27.63%) patients. A significant relationship was discovered between LMR (p<0,001), PLR (p<0.004), NLR (p<0.002), tumor diameter (p<0.002), number of tumors (p<0,007), and SIM score (p<0,001) with the probability of recurrence. The probability of progression was associated with NLR (p<0.023), LVI (p<0.005), tumor diameter (p<0.012) and tumor number (p<0.001). A significant relationship was found between SIM (p<0.041) and recurrence-free survival. We found a significant relationship between LVI (p<0.022) and progression-free survival. Conclusions: In this study, we found positive correlations between some inflammatory markers and recurrence/progression in patients with T1G3 BC. According to our study, inflammatory parameters such as NLR, PLR, LMR, and SIM score should be evaluated while investigating the possibility of recurrence/progression in patients with T1G3 BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) phobia in patients with ureteral stones. Materials and Methods: Between August 2020 and March 2021, patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with ureteral stones were included in this study. The COVID-19 Phobia scale (C19P-S) was used to measure the COVID-19 phobia levels of the patients. Demographic and patients' characteristics were recorded. The time between the onset of the patient's complaint and the time of admission to the hospital was recorded and grouped as group 1 (≤7 days), group 2 (7-21 days), group 3 (>21 days). Results: A total of 77 patients with a mean age of 45.8±14.8 years were eligible for analysis. Among these, 55 (71.4%) were male. According to the time between the onset of the patient's complaint and the time of admission to the hospital, there were 39 (50.6%) patients in group 1 (≤7 days), 17 (22.1%) patients in group 2 (7-21 days) and 21 (27.3%) patients group 3 (>21 days). The median C19P-S scores in these groups were 32.0 (15.0- 46.0), 37.0 (26.0-62.0) and 56.0 (37.0-80.0), respectively. There were significant differences in terms of C19P-S between groups of the time between the onset of the patient's complaint and the time of admission to the hospital (p≤0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 phobia caused a delay in the hospital admission of patients with ureter stones. When patients have complaints, it is necessary to raise the awareness of society about applying to the hospital and to increase awareness of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in testicular tissue of male patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. NOA (n = 23) and OA (n = 21) groups were created according to clinical and laboratory archival records. Testicular sperm extraction tissue sections were evaluated according to Johnsen's tubular biopsy scoring (JTBS) method. ERα and AR immunostaining results were evaluated semiquantitatively. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and estradiol were analyzed. Serum FSH and LH concentrations were greater, and testosterone concentrations were lower than the normal values in the NOA group, whereas the OA group revealed normal hormonal values. Serum estradiol concentrations in groups were in the normal range. JTBSs were significantly lower in the NOA group. Decreased AR expression and increased ERα expression were observed in the NOA group compared to the OA group. This suggests that ERα and AR are expressed in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and myoid cells and are required for normal testicular function. Decreased expression of the AR and increased expression of ERα in the testis may negatively affect spermatogenesis. Abbreviations: AR: androgen receptor; ER: estrogen receptor; ERα: estrogen receptor alpha; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; JTBS: Johnsen's tubular biopsy scoring; LH: luteinizing hormone; NOA: non-obstructive azoospermia; OA: obstructive azoospermia; TESE: testicular sperm extraction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preoperative, early and late postoperative homocysteine levels and its relationship with kidney function in patients after undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Materials and Methods: Twenty-three patients with kidney stones underwent PNL and blood samples were taken preoperatively as well as at 48 hours and three months after the operation. The homocysteine level was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and the fluorometric method in blood samples with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The Cockcroft - Gault formula was used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Non-contrast computed tomography was performed for all patients before surgery. Stone burden was calculated as the sum of the area of each stone in mm2. Results: Fourteen male (60.9%) and nine female (39.1%) patients were recruited for this study, and the median age was 44.3 ± 15.17 (20 - 71) years. There were no statistically significant differences between the preoperative homocysteine level and the level at 48 hours post-operation (P = .460). However, the homocysteine level three months after the operation was significantly lower than the preoperative and 48 hour levels (P = .001 and P = .003, respectively). Conclusion: Renal function, which deteriorated after the PNL procedure, was preserved or improved over time. Homocysteine may be a sensitive indicator to assess the change in renal function pre-and post-PNL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]