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1. Metagenomics Applied to the Respiratory Mycobiome in Cystic Fibrosis.

Author

Angebault, Cécile and Botterel, Françoise

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder characterized by chronic microbial colonization and inflammation of the respiratory tract (RT), leading to pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) and lung damage. Although the lung bacterial microbiota has been extensively studied, the mycobiome remains understudied. However, its importance as a contributor to CF pathophysiology has been highlighted. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the mycobiome, as described through NGS-based studies, in patients with CF (pwCF). Several studies have demonstrated that the mycobiome in CF lungs is a dynamic entity, exhibiting a lower diversity and abundance than the bacterial microbiome. Nevertheless, the progression of lung damage is associated with a decrease in fungal and bacterial diversity. The core mycobiome of the RT in pwCFs is mainly composed of yeasts (Candida spp., Malassezia spp.) and molds with lower abundance. Some fungi (Aspergillus, Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria) have been demonstrated to play a role in PEx, while the involvement of others (Candida, Pneumocystis) remains uncertain. The “climax attack” ecological model has been proposed to explain the complexity and interplay of microbial populations in the RT, leading to PEx and lung damage. NGS-based studies also enable the detection of intra- and interkingdom correlations between fungi and bacteria. Further studies are required to ascertain the biological and pathophysiological relevance of these correlations. Finally, with the recent advent of CFTR modulators, our understanding of the pulmonary microbiome and mycobiome in pwCFs is about to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Invasive Fungal Infections after CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study from the French Descart Registry

Author

Bouvier, Amélie, primary, Durand, Amandine, additional, Gower, Nicolas, additional, Castilla-Llorente, Cristina, additional, Campidelli, Arnaud, additional, Dulery, Remy, additional, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, additional, Joris, Magalie, additional, Eloit, Martin, additional, Fayard, Amandine, additional, Di Blasi, Roberta, additional, Denis, Blandine, additional, Herbaux, Charles, additional, Morschhauser, Franck, additional, Casasnovas, Olivier, additional, Houot, Roch, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Bachy, Emmanuel, additional, Le Bras, Fabien, additional, Gastinne, Thomas, additional, Tudesq, Jean-Jacques, additional, and Melica, Giovanna, additional

Published
2023
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4. Evaluation of the Bio-Evolution Microsporidia generic and typing real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis

Author

Moniot Maxime, Nourrisson Céline, Bonnin Virginie, Damiani Céline, Argy Nicolas, Bonhomme Julie, Fréalle Emilie, Angebault Cécile, Debourgogne Anne, Sitterlé Emilie, Flori Pierre, Brunet Julie, Dalle Frédéric, Favennec Loïc, and Poirier Philippe

Subjects
microsporidiosis, real-time pcr, bio-evolution, enterocytozoon bieneusi, encephalitozoon intestinalis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Cases of intestinal microsporidiosis infection are underestimated and affect both immunocompromized and immunocompetent patients. Real-time PCR is superseding microscopic examination for its diagnosis in medical analysis laboratories. However, few manufacturers include microsporidia in their PCR panel for the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. Here, we evaluated the performances of the real-time PCR assays microsporidia generic and microsporidia typing (Bio-Evolution, France) on the Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR cycler (Qiagen, France). We included 45 negative and 44 positive stool samples for Enterocytozoon bieneusi (n = 34, with various genotypes), Encephalitozoon intestinalis (n = 4), Encephalitozoon hellem (n = 4), and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (n = 2). We also studied a four-year survey of an inter-laboratory quality control program including 9 centers that used this commercial assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the microsporidia generic assay were 86.4% and 93.3%, respectively. Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected by the microsporidia generic PCR assay but not by the microsporidia typing PCR assay. These results were consistent with the results of the inter-laboratory quality control program. In conclusion, Bio-Evolution Real-time PCR assays are useful tools for intestinal microsporidiosis, but negative results for microsporidia typing assays require supplementary analyses to confirm E. hellem or E. cuniculi infections.

Published
2022
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7. Detection of circulating DNA for the diagnosis of invasive fusariosis: retrospective analysis of 15 proven cases

Author

Dellière, Sarah, primary, Guitard, Juliette, additional, Sabou, Marcela, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Moniot, Maxime, additional, Cornu, Marjorie, additional, Hamane, Samia, additional, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth, additional, Imbert, Sébastien, additional, Pasquier, Grégoire, additional, Botterel, Françoise, additional, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, additional, and Alanio, Alexandre, additional

Published
2022
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8. Active Surveillance Program to Increase Awareness on Invasive Fungal Diseases: the French RESSIF Network (2012 to 2018)

Author

Bretagne, Stéphane, Sitbon, Karine, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Letscher-Bru, Valérie, Cassaing, Sophie, Millon, Laurence, Morio, Florent, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Hasseine, Lilia, Favennec, Loïc, Cateau, Estelle, Bailly, Eric, Moniot, Maxime, Bonhomme, Julie, Desbois-Nogard, Nicole, Chouaki, Taieb, Paugam, André, Bouteille, Bernard, Pihet, Marc, Dalle, Frédéric, Eloy, Odile, Sasso, Milène, Demar, Magalie, Mariani-Kurkdjian, Patricia, Robert, Vincent, Lortholary, Olivier, Dromer, Françoise, French Mycoses Study Group, The, Damiani, Céline, Dupont, Hervé, Maizel, Julien, Totet, Anne, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Bellanger, Anne Pauline, Berceanu, Ana, Navellou, Jean Christophe, Scherer, Emeline, Abboud, Philippe, Aznar, Christine, Blanchet, Denis, Djossou, Félix, Cayot, Sophie, Garrouste, Cyril, Lesens, Olivier, Moluçon, Cécile, Nourrisson, Céline, Poirier, Philippe, Bailly, Éloïse, Basmaciyan, Louise, Belaid, Bouhemad, Blot, Mathieu, Caillot, Denis, Charles, Pierre-Emmanuel, Quenot, Jean Pierre, Amazan, Emmanuelle, Baubion, Emilie, Cabie, André, Chabartier, Cyrille, Deligny, Christophe, Emal, Violaine, Flechelle, Olivier, Hatchuel, Yves, Le Govic, Yohann, Merle, Harold, Miossec, Charline, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Valentino, Ruddy, Durieux, Marie-Fleur, Turlure, Pascal, Mercier, Victor, Gari-Toussaint, Martine, Risso, Karine, Simon, Loïc, Bretonnière, Cedric, Boutoille, David, Gastinne, Thomas, Lakhal, Karim, Launay, Elise, Lepoivre, Thierry, Peterlin, Pierre, Rialland, Fanny, Le Pape, Patrice, Canoui, Etienne, Dahane, Naima, Kerneis, Solène, Angebault, Cécile, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabethh, Guennouni, Nadia, Lanternier, Fanny, Neven, Bennedicte, Oualha, Mehdi, Scemla, Anne, Sitterlé, Emilie, Suarez, Felipe, Toubiana, Julie, Bonacorci, Stéphane, Alanio, Alexandre, Bergeron, Anne, Denis, Blandine, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Hamane, Samia, Touratier, Sophie, Chaumeil, Christine, Merabet, Lilia, Claudéon, Joelle, Curlier, Elodie, Galantine, Valérie, Gallois, Jean Claude, Markowicz, Samuel, Nicolas, Muriel, Musson, Pascal, Schepers, Kinda, Minoza, Alida, Kauffmann-Lacroix, Catherine, Guégan, Hélène, Costa, Damien, Dehais, Marion, Gargala, Gilles, Bajolet, Odile, Banisadr, Firouze, Cousson, Joel, Himberlin, Chantal, Huguenin, Antoine, Toubas, Dominique, Flori, Pierre, Mahinc, Caroline, Raberin, Hélène, Denis, Julie, Herbrecht, Raoul, Mertes, Paul-Michel, Meziani, Fehrat, Sabou, Marcela, Schneider, Francis, Bertozzi, Anne-Isabelle, Chauvin, Pamela, Charpentier, Elena, Cointault, Olivier, Cottrel, Claire, Delavigne, Karen, Faguer, Stanislas, Fillaux, Judith, Guemas, Emilie, Iriart, Xavier, Lelièvre, Lucie, Ruiz, Jean, Bastides, Frédéric, Chesnay, Adélaïde, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, Therby, Audrey, Chachaty, Elisabeth, Gachot, Bertrand, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Software and Databasing, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], CHU Limoges, SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute [Utrecht] (WI), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Simplification des soins chez les patients complexes - UR UPJV 7518 (SSPC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications vasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by recurrent financial support from Santé Publique France and Institut Pasteur. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or the decision to submit the work for publication., We thank Didier Che (Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé Publique France) for his continuous support and interest in invasive fungal infections and Etienne Sevin (EpiConcept, Paris, France) for his contribution in the development of the RESSIF website using the VOOZANOO platform. We are thankful for the technical help of Catherine Blanc, Anne Boullié, Cécile Gautier, Virginie Geolier, and Damien Hoinard (Institut Pasteur) for the characterization of the isolates received at the NRCMA., The French Mycoses Study Group includes collaborators who contributed to these data by their involvement in the management of patients, expertise in diagnostic tools, and/or characterization of fungal isolates. They are listed in alphabetical order of a city in France and for each center, in alphabetical order of the last names: in Amiens, Céline Damiani, Hervé Dupont, Julien Maizel, and Anne Totet, in Angers, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, in Besançon, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Ana Berceanu, Jean Christophe Navellou, and Emeline Scherer, in Cayenne, Philippe Abboud, Christine Aznar, Denis Blanchet, and Félix Djossou, in Clermont-Ferrand, Sophie Cayot, Cyril Garrouste, Olivier Lesens, Cécile Moluçon, Céline Nourrisson, and Philippe Poirier, in Dijon, Éloïse Bailly, Louise Basmaciyan, Bouhemad Belaid, Mathieu Blot, Denis Caillot, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, and Jean Pierre Quenot, in Fort de France, Emmanuelle Amazan, Emilie Baubion, André Cabie, Cyrille Chabartier, Christophe Deligny, Violaine Emal, Olivier Flechelle, Yves Hatchuel, Yohann Le Govic, Harold Merle, Charline Miossec, Jean-Marie Turmel, and Ruddy Valentino, in Limoges, Marie-Fleur Durieux and Pascal Turlure, in Nîmes, Victor Mercier, in Nice, Martine Gari-Toussaint, Karine Risso, and Loïc Simon, in Nantes, Cedric Bretonnière, David Boutoille, Thomas Gastinne, Karim Lakhal, Elise Launay, Thierry Lepoivre, Pierre Peterlin, Fanny Rialland, and Patrice Le Pape, in Paris, in Hôpital Cochin, Etienne Canoui, Naima Dahane, and Solène Kerneis, in Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Cécile Angebault, Marie-Elisabethh Bougnoux, Nadia Guennouni, Fanny Lanternier, Bennedicte Neven, Mehdi Oualha, Anne Scemla, Emilie Sitterlé, Felipe Suarez, and Julie Toubiana, in Hôpital Robert-Debré, Stéphane Bonacorci, in Hôpital Saint-Louis, Alexandre Alanio, Anne Bergeron, Blandine Denis, Maud Gits-Muselli, Samia Hamane, and Sophie Touratier, in hôpital des XV-XX, Christine Chaumeil and Lilia Merabet, in Pointe-à-Pitre, Joelle Claudéon, Elodie Curlier, Valérie Galantine, Jean Claude Gallois, Samuel Markowicz, Muriel Nicolas, Pascal Musson, and Kinda Schepers, in Poitiers, Alida Minoza and Catherine Kauffmann-Lacroix, in Rennes, Hélène Guégan, in Rouen, Damien Costa, Marion Dehais, and Gilles Gargala, in Reims, Odile Bajolet, Firouze Banisadr, Joel Cousson, Chantal Himberlin, Antoine Huguenin, and Dominique Toubas, in Saint Etienne, Pierre Flori, Caroline Mahinc, and Hélène Raberin, in Strabourg, Julie Denis, Raoul Herbrecht, Paul-Michel Mertes, Fehrat Meziani, Marcela Sabou, and Francis Schneider, in Toulouse, Anne-Isabelle Bertozzi, Pamela Chauvin, Elena Charpentier, Olivier Cointault, Claire Cottrel, Karen Delavigne, Stanislas Faguer, Judith Fillaux, Emilie Guemas, Xavier Iriart, Lucie Lelièvre, and Jean Ruiz, in Tours, Frédéric Bastides, Adélaïde Chesnay, and Guillaume Desoubeaux, in Versailles, Audrey Therby, and in Villejuif, Elisabeth Chachaty and Bertrand Gachot., and CLEMENT, Nathalie

Subjects
Antifungal Agents, pneumocytosis, invasive fungal infections, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], candidemia, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, mucormycosis, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Virology, Humans, aspergillosis, epidemiology, Watchful Waiting, Fungemia, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged
Abstract

International audience; The French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals leads an active and sustained nationwide surveillance program on probable and proven invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) to determine their epidemiology in France. Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 10,886 IFDs were recorded. The incidence increased slightly over time (2.16 to 2.36/10,000 hospitalization days, P = 0.0562) in relation with an increase of fungemia incidence (1.03 to 1.19/10,000, P = 0.0023), while that of other IFDs remained stable. The proportion of ≥65-year-old patients increased from 38.4% to 45.3% (P < 0.0001). Yeast fungemia (n = 5,444) was due mainly to Candida albicans (55.6%) with stable proportions of species over time. Echinocandins became the main drug prescribed (46.7% to 61.8%), but global mortality rate remained unchanged (36.3% at 1 month). Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (n = 2,106) was diagnosed mostly in HIV-negative patients (80.7%) with a significantly higher mortality than in HIV-positive patients (21.9% versus 5.4% at 1 month, P < 0.0001). Invasive aspergillosis (n = 1,661) and mucormycosis (n = 314) were diagnosed mostly in hematology (>60% of the cases) with a global mortality rate of 42.5% and 59.3%, respectively, at 3 months and significant changes in diagnosis procedure over time. More concurrent infections were also diagnosed over time (from 5.4% to 9.4% for mold IFDs, P = 0.0115). In conclusion, we observed an aging of patients with IFD with a significant increase in incidence only for yeast fungemia, a trend toward more concurrent infections, which raises diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Overall, global survival associated with IFDs has not improved despite updated guidelines and new diagnostic tools.IMPORTANCE The epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is hard to delineate given the difficulties in ascertaining the diagnosis that is often based on the confrontation of clinical and microbiological criteria. The present report underlines the interest of active surveillance involving mycologists and clinicians to describe the global incidence and that of the main IFDs. Globally, although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis remained stable over the study period (2012 to 2018), that of yeast fungemia increased slightly. We also show here that IFDs seem to affect older people more frequently. The most worrisome observation is the lack of improvement in the global survival rate associated with IFDs despite the increasing use of more sensitive diagnostic tools, the availability of new antifungal drugs very active in clinical trials, and a still low/marginal rate of acquired in vitro resistance in France. Therefore, other tracks of improvement should be investigated actively.

Published
2022

9. Diagnosis of mucormycosis using an intercalating dye-based quantitative PCR

Author

Bigot, Jeanne, primary, Godmer, Alexandre, additional, Prudenté, Lysa, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Brissot, Eolia, additional, Bige, Naike, additional, Voiriot, Guillaume, additional, Leger, Pierre-Louis, additional, Petit-Hoang, Camille, additional, Atallah, Sarah, additional, Gouache, Elodie, additional, Senghor, Yaye, additional, Valot, Stéphane, additional, Hennequin, Christophe, additional, and Guitard, Juliette, additional

Published
2022
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10. Epidemiological and clinical study of microsporidiosis in French kidney transplant recipients from 2005 to 2019: TRANS‐SPORE registry

Author

Dumond, Clément, Aulagnon, Florence, Etienne, Isabelle, Heng, Anne‐Elisabeth, Bougnoux, Marie‐Elisabeth, Favennec, Loic, Kamar, Nassim, Iriart, Xavier, Pereira, Bruno, Büchler, Mathias, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, Kaminski, Hannah, Lussac‐Sorton, Florian, Gargala, Gilles, Anglicheau, Dany, Poirier, Philippe, Scemla, Anne, Garrouste, Cyril, Labbe, Franck, Damiani, Céline, Le Govic, Yohann, Totet, Anne, De Gentile, Ludovic, Lemoine, Jean‐Philippe, Bellanger, Anne Pauline, Accoceberry, Isabelle, Delhaes, Laurence, Gabriel, Frédéric, Millet, Pascal, Le Gal, Solène, Nevez, Gilles, Bonhomme, Julie, Capitaine, Agathe, Demar, Magalie, Moniot, Maxime, Nourrisson, Céline, Angebault, Cécile, Botterel, Françoise, Foulet, Françoise, Basmaciyan, Louise, Dalle, Frédéric, Valot, Stéphane, Desbois‐Nogard, Nicole, Robert, Gladys, Deleplancque, Anne‐Sophie, Frealle, Emilie, Leroy, Jordan, Ajzenberg, Daniel, Durieux, Marie‐Fleur, Chapey‐Picq, Emmanuelle, Dupont, Damien, Menotti, Jean, Rabodonirina, Meja, Lollivier, Coralie, Bastien, Patrick, Debourgogne, Anne, Machouart, Marie, Lavergne, Rose‐Anne, Morio, Florent, Delaunay, Pascal, Pomares, Christelle, Simon, Loïc, Sasso, Milène, Argy, Nicolas, Houze, Sandrine, Yera, Hélène, Dannaoui, Eric, Sitterle, Emilie, Kapel, Nathalie, Tantaoui, Ilhame, Thellier, Marc, Belkadi, Ghania Belkacem, Moreno‐Sabater, Alicia, Hamane, Samia, Nicolas, Muriel, Perraud, Estelle, Chemla, Cathy, Villena, Isabelle, Autier, Brice, Costa, Damien, Flori, Pierre, Brunet, Julie, BERRY, Antoine, Chesnay, Adélaïde, Artur, Fabienne, Verdurme, Laura, Foulquier, Jean‐Baptiste, Prigent, Gwenole, Chatelain, Rémi, Lesthelle, Sophie, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Infection Inflammation et Interaction Hôtes Pathogènes [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (3IHP ), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Opportunistic infection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030230 surgery, Microsporidiosis, Gastroenterology, Albendazole, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Fumagillin, Registries, Kidney transplantation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 0303 health sciences, Transplantation, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Enterocytozoon, Middle Aged, Spores, Fungal, fumagillin, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Kidney Transplantation, 3. Good health, immunosuppressive regimen, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction Microsporidiosis is an emerging opportunistic infection in renal transplantation (RT) recipients. We aimed to describe its clinical presentation and treatment. Materials and methods We collected microsporidiosis cases identified in RT recipients between 2005 and 2019 in six French centers from the Crystal, Divat and Astre prospective databases. Results We report 68 RT recipients with intestinal microsporidiosis; the patients were predominantly male (61.8%), with a median age of 58 (46-69) years. Infection occurred at a median time of 3 (0.8-6.8) years posttransplant. Only Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found. Microsporidiosis manifested as diarrhea (98.5% of patients) with weight loss (72.1%) and acute renal injury (57.4%) without inflammatory biological parameters. The therapeutic approaches were no treatment (N = 9), reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen (∆IS) (N = 22), fumagillin alone (N = 9), fumagillin and ∆IS (N = 19), and albendazole or nitazoxanide and ∆IS (N = 9). Overall clinical remission was observed in 60 patients (88.2%). We observed no acute kidney rejection, renal transplant failure or death within 6 months after microsporidiosis. Conclusion E. bieneusi is an underestimated opportunistic pathogen in RT recipients, and infection with E. bieneusi leads to diarrhea with important dehydration and acute renal injury. The treatment is based on the reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen and the administration of fumagillin if available. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

12. Analysis of Microbiota and Mycobiota in Fungal Ball Rhinosinusitis: Specific Interaction between Aspergillus fumigatus and Haemophilus influenza?

Author

Dellière, Sarah, primary, Dannaoui, Eric, additional, Fieux, Maxime, additional, Bonfils, Pierre, additional, Gricourt, Guillaume, additional, Demontant, Vanessa, additional, Podglajen, Isabelle, additional, Woerther, Paul-Louis, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, and Botterel, Françoise, additional

Published
2021
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14. Scedosporium species in soils from various biomes in Northwestern Morocco

Author

Mouhajir, Abdelmounaim, Poirier, Wilfried, Angebault, Cécile, Rahal, Elkahkahi, Bouabid, Rachid, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth, Kobi, Abdessamad, Zouhair, Rachid, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Giraud, Sandrine, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Département d’Agronomie et d’Amélioration des Plantes, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, km. 10, Route Haj Kaddour, B.P. S/40, 50001 Meknès, Morocco, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université Moulay Ismail (UMI), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), and Université de Moulay Ismail (UMI)

Subjects
Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Soil Chemistry, Forests, Ecosystems, Geographical Locations, Soil, Electricity, Agricultural Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Scedosporium, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Ecology, Physics, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Fungi, Electric Conductivity, Biology and Life Sciences, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Soil Ecology, Pollution, Terrestrial Environments, Chemistry, Morocco, Physical Sciences, People and Places, Africa, Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Research Article
Abstract

Scedosporium species are opportunistic pathogens causing various infections, including disseminated infections in severely immunocompromised patients. Preventive measures aiming to reduce the risk of exposure to these fungi require a better knowledge on their ecology and on the sources of contamination of the patients. In this context, 99 soil samples from the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra and Fez-Meknes regions in Morocco were analyzed. Samples were inoculated on the highly selective Scedo-Select III culture medium, and seven chemical parameters of the soils were measured. Scedosporium species were detected in 48 of the samples, with the highest density in soils from wastewater treatment plants and landfills, followed by those from roadsides and polluted riverbanks, thus confirming the impact of human activities on their ecology. Scedosporium apiospermum was the most common species, followed by S. boydii and S. aurantiacum. Analysis of the chemical parameters of the soils revealed the presence of Scedosporium species was mainly associated with a moderate electrical conductivity, a pH range of 7.0 to 7.6, a nutrient-rich content and a moderate phosphorus amount. Thereby, these results demonstrated the relatively high occurrence of Scedosporium in Morocco and highlighted the impact of phosphorus content on their ecology.

Published
2020

16. Risk factors for intra‐abdominal fungal infection after simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation: A single‐center retrospective experience

Author

Flateau, Clara, primary, Aït‐Ammar, Nawel, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Salomon, Laurent, additional, Matignon, Marie, additional, Lepeule, Raphaël, additional, Melica, Giovanna, additional, Grimbert, Philippe, additional, Lelièvre, Jean‐Daniel, additional, Gallien, Sébastien, additional, and Botterel, Françoise, additional

Published
2020
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17. Identifying thresholds for classifying moderate-to-heavy soil-transmitted helminth intensity infections for FECPAKG2, McMaster, Mini-FLOTAC and qPCR

Author

Levecke, Bruno, primary, Cools, Piet, additional, Albonico, Marco, additional, Ame, Shaali, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Ayana, Mio, additional, Behnke, Jerzy M., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Cringoli, Giuseppe, additional, Dana, Daniel, additional, Guillard, Bertrand, additional, Viet Hoa, Nguyen Thi, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kattula, Deepthi, additional, Keiser, Jennifer, additional, Kotze, Andrew C., additional, Matoso, Leonardo F., additional, Maurelli, Maria P., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, Mekonnen, Zeleke, additional, Mirams, Greg, additional, Montresor, Antonio, additional, Oliveira, Rodrigo Corrêa, additional, Periago, Maria V., additional, Pinto, Simone A., additional, Rinaldi, Laura, additional, Sayasone, Somphou, additional, Sumo, Laurentine, additional, Tchuem-Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Cam Thach, Dang Thi, additional, Thomas, Eurion, additional, Zeynudin, Ahmed, additional, Verweij, Jaco J., additional, Vlaminck, Johnny, additional, and Vercruysse, Jozef, additional

Published
2020
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20. The Potential Role of Clinical Metagenomics in Infectious Diseases: Therapeutic Perspectives.

Author

d'Humières, Camille, Salmona, Maud, Dellière, Sarah, Leo, Stefano, Rodriguez, Christophe, Angebault, Cécile, Alanio, Alexandre, Fourati, Slim, Lazarevic, Vladimir, Woerther, Paul-Louis, Schrenzel, Jacques, and Ruppé, Etienne

Subjects
COMMUNICABLE disease diagnosis, PARASITOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY, ANTI-infective agents, GENOMES, GENOMICS, VIROLOGY, NUCLEIC acids, MYCOLOGY
Abstract

Clinical metagenomics (CMg) is the process of sequencing nucleic acid of clinical samples to obtain clinically relevant information such as the identification of microorganisms and their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Over the last decades, sequencing and bioinformatic solutions supporting CMg have much evolved and an increasing number of case reports and series covering various infectious diseases have been published. Metagenomics is a new approach to infectious disease diagnosis that is currently being developed and is certainly one of the most promising for the coming years. However, most CMg studies are retrospective, and few address the potential impact CMg could have on patient management, including initiation, adaptation, or cessation of antimicrobials. In this narrative review, we have discussed the potential role of CMg in bacteriology, virology, mycology, and parasitology. Several reports and case-series confirm that CMg is an innovative tool with which one can (i) identify more microorganisms than with conventional methods in a single test, (ii) obtain results within hours, and (iii) tailor the antimicrobial regimen of patients. However, the cost-efficiency of CMg and its real impact on patient management are still to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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21. Risk factors for intra‐abdominal fungal infection after simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation: A single‐center retrospective experience.

Author

Flateau, Clara, Aït‐Ammar, Nawel, Angebault, Cécile, Salomon, Laurent, Matignon, Marie, Lepeule, Raphaël, Melica, Giovanna, Grimbert, Philippe, Lelièvre, Jean‐Daniel, Gallien, Sébastien, and Botterel, Françoise

Subjects
INTRA-abdominal infections, MYCOSES, ARTERIAL grafts, REOPERATION, CANDIDA albicans, NECROTIZING pancreatitis
Abstract

Background: Data on the risk factors and outcome of intra‐abdominal fungal infections (IAFI) following simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation (PKT) are scarce. Materials/methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted on all patients who underwent simultaneous PKT from January 2007 to December 2016. Deep sites positive cultures for fungi during the first post‐transplantation year were collected. Clinical, radiological, and microbiological data of proven and probable invasive fungal infections were analysed. Results: Among sixteen PKT patients, 15 were included. Seven patients (47%) developed an invasive fungal infection, exclusively IAFI (six proven, one probable). The proven IAFI included four peritonitis, one pancreatic necrosis with infected hematoma, and one patient with positive preservation fluid only (PF). Candida albicans (n = 4) was the most prevalent species (associated with Galactomyces candidus in one case), C glabrata, C dubliniensis, and C krusei were found in one case each. Three patients had either a positive direct examination and/or culture for renal or pancreatic PF and the culture of PF was positive for the same species that caused IAFI. IAFIs were significantly associated with pancreatic graft arterial thrombosis (5/7 vs 0/8, P =.007) and fungal contamination of PF (3/7 vs 0/8, P =.008). Among patients with IAFI, all required an early surgical revision post‐transplantation [1‐18 days] and six had early or delayed pancreatic graft removal. One patient died in the first post‐transplant year. Conclusion: IAFI is a common complication in PKT, associated with pancreatic graft thrombosis or fungal contamination of the graft PF, and can sometimes lead to pancreatic detransplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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22. Identifying thresholds to classify moderate-to-heavy soil-transmitted helminth intensity infections for FECPAKG2, McMaster, Mini-FLOTAC and qPCR.

Author

Levecke, Bruno, Cools, Piet, Albonico, Marco, Ame, Shaali, Angebault, Cécile, Ayana, Mio, Behnke, Jerzy M., Bethony, Jeffrey M., Cringoli, Giuseppe, Dana, Daniel, Guillard, Bertrand, Viet Hoa, Nguyen Thi, Kang, Gagandeep, Kattula, Deepthi, Keiser, Jennifer, Kotze, Andrew C., Matoso, Leonardo F., Maurelli, Maria P., McCarthy, James S., and Mekonnen, Zeleke

Subjects
HELMINTHIASIS, HOOKWORM disease, WORM eggs, ASCARIS lumbricoides, KEY performance indicators (Management), INTESTINAL infections
Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) has defined moderate-to-heavy intensity (M&HI) infections with soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the two hookworms, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) based on specific values of eggs per gram of stool, as measured by the Kato-Katz method. There are a variety of novel microscopy and DNA-based methods but it remains unclear whether applying current WHO thresholds on to these methods allows for a reliable classification of M&HI infections. We evaluated both WHO and method-specific thresholds for classifying the M&HI infections for novel microscopic (FECPAKG2, McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC) and DNA-based (qPCR) diagnostic methods. For this, we determined method-specific thresholds that best classified M&HI infections (defined by Kato-Katz and WHO thresholds; reference method) in two multi-country drug efficacy studies. Subsequently, we verified whether applying these method-specific thresholds improved the agreement in classifying M&HI infections compared to the reference method. When we applied the WHO thresholds, the new microscopic methods mainly misclassified M&HI as low intensity, and to a lesser extent low intensity infection as M&HI. For FECPAKG2, applying the method-specific thresholds significantly improved the agreement for Ascaris (moderate → substantial), Trichuris and hookworms (fair → moderate). For Mini-FLOTAC, a significantly improved agreement was observed for hookworms only (fair → moderate). For the other STHs, the agreement was almost perfect and remained unchanged. For McMaster, the method-specific thresholds revealed a fair to a substantial agreement but did not significantly improve the agreement. For qPCR, the method-specific thresholds based on genome equivalents per ml of DNA moderately agreed with the reference method for hookworms and Trichuris infections. For Ascaris, there was a substantial agreement. We defined method-specific thresholds that improved the classification of M&HI infections. Validation studies are required before they can be recommended for general use in assessing M&HI infections in programmatic settings. Author summary: The prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (M&HI) infections is a key indicator for measuring the success of large-scale deworming programs for intestinal worms because they account for the majority of the worm attributable morbidity. Currently, intestinal worm infections are classified as M&HI when the number of worm eggs that are microscopically detected in stool using a standard diagnostic method exceeds a threshold set by the World Health Organization. Over the years, a variety of new promising diagnostic methods have been introduced for the diagnosis of intestinal worms. Although they have some important advantages over the current standard method, it is not clear whether they can reliably classify M&HI infections. This is because their test results either systematically indicate lower egg counts or are expressed in a unit other than eggs per gram of stool (e.g, concentration of worm DNA), warranting the need for method-specific thresholds. We defined method-specific thresholds and verified whether they increased the correct classification of M&HI infections. Overall, our results indicate that method-specific thresholds improved the classification of M&HI infections, but that further validation is required before they can be recommended for evaluating the occurrence M&HI infections in large-scale deworming programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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23. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author

Costa, Damien, primary, Razakandrainibe, Romy, additional, Sautour, Marc, additional, Valot, Stéphane, additional, Basmaciyan, Louise, additional, Gargala, Gilles, additional, Lemeteil, Denis, additional, Favennec, Loïc, additional, Dalle, Frédéric, additional, Debourgogne, Anne, additional, Angoulvant, Adela, additional, Agnamey, Patrice, additional, bonhomme, Julie, additional, Degeilh, Brigitte, additional, Chemla, Cathy, additional, Garnaud, Cécile, additional, Lollivier, Coralie, additional, angebault, Cécile, additional, Delaunay, Pascal, additional, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, additional, Fréalle, Emilie, additional, Grenouillet, Frédéric, additional, Morio, Florent, additional, Botterel, Françoise, additional, Belkadi, Ghania, additional, Yera, Hélène, additional, Nevez, Gilles, additional, Iriart, Xavier, additional, Accoceberry, Isabelle, additional, Brunet, Julie, additional, Thellier, Marc, additional, Rabodonirina, Meja, additional, Sasso, Milene, additional, Miossec, Charline, additional, Nicolas, Murielle, additional, Desbois, Nicole, additional, Poirier, Philippe, additional, Pomares, Christelle, additional, Houze, Sandrine, additional, Le govic, Yohann, additional, Bellanger, Anne Pauline, additional, Labbe, Franck, additional, Darde, Marie Laure, additional, Duquesnoy, Olivier, additional, Flori, Pierre, additional, Bastien, Patrick, additional, Gueudet, Thomas, additional, Villena, Isabelle, additional, Aubert, Dominique, additional, Cateau, Estelle, additional, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth, additional, Kapel, Nathalie, additional, Dannaoui, Eric, additional, Valentin, Alexis, additional, Totet, Anne, additional, Menotti, Jean, additional, Blanchet, Denis, additional, Demar, Magalie, additional, Dutoit, Emmanuel, additional, Piarroux, Renaud, additional, Sitterle, Emilie, additional, Magne, Denis, additional, Hamane, Samsa, additional, Berry, Antoine, additional, and Ramade, Cecile, additional

Published
2018
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27. Molecular Demonstration of a Pneumocystis Outbreak in Stem Cell Transplant Patients: Evidence for Transmission in the Daycare Center

Author

Robin, Christine, primary, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Gits-Muselli, Maud, additional, la Martire, Giulia, additional, Schlemmer, Frédéric, additional, Botterel, Françoise, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Leclerc, Mathieu, additional, Beckerich, Florence, additional, Redjoul, Rabah, additional, Pautas, Cécile, additional, Toma, Andrea, additional, Maury, Sébastien, additional, Bretagne, Stéphane, additional, and Cordonnier, Catherine, additional

Published
2017
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30. Prospective Evaluation of Serum β-Glucan Testing in Patients With Probable or Proven Fungal Diseases

Author

Angebault, Cécile, primary, Lanternier, Fanny, additional, Dalle, Frédéric, additional, Schrimpf, Cécile, additional, Roupie, Anne-Laure, additional, Dupuis, Aurélie, additional, Agathine, Aurélie, additional, Scemla, Anne, additional, Paubelle, Etienne, additional, Caillot, Denis, additional, Neven, Bénédicte, additional, Frange, Pierre, additional, Suarez, Felipe, additional, d'Enfert, Christophe, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, and Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth, additional

Published
2016
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31. Fungal and Bacterial Diversity of Airway Microbiota in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Concordance Between Conventional Methods and Ultra-Deep Sequencing, and Their Practical use in the Clinical Laboratory.

Author

Botterel, Françoise, Angebault, Cécile, Cabaret, Odile, Stressmann, Franziska A., Costa, Jean-Marc, Wallet, Frédéric, Wallaert, Benoit, Bruce, Kenneth, and Delhaes, Laurence

Abstract

Given the complexity of the airway microbiota in the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, it seems crucial to compile the most exhaustive and exact list of the microbial communities inhabiting CF airways. The aim of the present study was to compare the bacterial and fungal diversity of sputa from adult CF patients during non-exacerbation period by culture-based and molecular methods, and ultra-deep-sequencing (UDS). Sputum samples from four CF patients were cultured and analysed by DNA extractions followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis through resolution of bacterial ribosomal gene (rDNA) fragments, and cloning plus sequencing of part of fungal rRNA genes. These approaches were compared with UDS method targeting 16S rDNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 region of rDNA. A total of 27 bacterial and 18 fungal genera were detected from the four patients. Five (18%) and 3 (16%) genera were detected by culture for bacteria and fungi, respectively, 9 (33%) and 3 (16%) by first generation sequencing (FGS) methods, and 26 (96%) and 18 (100%) by UDS. The mean number of genera detected by UDS per patient was statistically higher than by culture or FGS methods. Patients with severe airway disease as assessed by standard spirometry exhibited a reduced fungal and bacterial diversity. UDS approach evaluates more extensively the diversity of fungal and bacterial flora compared with cultures. However, it currently remains difficult to routinely use UDS mainly because of the lack of standardization, and the current cost of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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32. Monitoring antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria faecal levels is helpful in predicting antibiotic susceptibility of bacteraemia isolates in patients with haematological malignancies

Author

Woerther, Paul-Louis, primary, Micol, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Angebault, Cécile, additional, Pasquier, Florence, additional, Pilorge, Sylvain, additional, Bourhis, Jean-Henri, additional, de Botton, Stéphane, additional, Gachot, Bertrand, additional, and Chachaty, Elisabeth, additional

Published
2015
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36. Carriage of Enterobacteria Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Composition of the Gut Microbiota in an Amerindian Community

Author

Gosalbes, María José, Vázquez-Castellanos, Jorge F., Angebault, Cécile, Woerther, Paul-Louis, Ruppé, Etienne, Ferrús, María Loreto, Latorre, Amparo, Andremont, Antoine, and Moya, Andrés

Abstract

ABSTRACTEpidemiological and individual risk factors for colonization by enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (E-ESBL) have been studied extensively, but whether such colonization is associated with significant changes in the composition of the rest of the microbiota is still unknown. To address this issue, we assessed in an isolated Amerindian Guianese community whether intestinal carriage of E-ESBL was associated with specificities in gut microbiota using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. While the richness of taxa of the active microbiota of carriers was similar to that of noncarriers, the taxa were less homogeneous. In addition, species of four genera, Desulfovibrio,Oscillospira, Parabacteroides, and Coprococcus, were significantly more abundant in the active microbiota of noncarriers than in the active microbiota of carriers, whereas such was the case only for species of Desulfovibrioand Oscillospirain the total microbiota. Differential genera in noncarrier microbiota could either be associated with resistance to colonization or be the consequence of the colonization by E-ESBL.

Published
2015
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37. Azole Resistance in Clinical and Environmental Aspergillu s Isolates from the French West Indies (Martinique).

Author

Monpierre L, Desbois-Nogard N, Valsecchi I, Bajal M, Angebault C, Miossec C, Botterel F, and Dannaoui É

Abstract

The emergence of azole resistant Aspergillus spp., especially Aspergillus fumigatus , has been described in several countries around the world with varying prevalence depending on the country. To our knowledge, azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. has not been reported in the West Indies yet. In this study, we investigated the antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus spp. from Martinique, and the potential resistance mechanisms associated with mutations in cyp51A gene. Overall, 208 Aspergillus isolates were recovered from clinical samples ( n = 45) and environmental soil samples ( n = 163). They were screened for resistance to azole drugs using selective culture media. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) towards voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole, as shown by the resistant isolates, were determined using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) microdilution broth method. Eight isolates ( A. fumigatus , n = 6 and A. terreus , n = 2) had high MIC for at least one azole drug. The sequencing of cyp51A gene revealed the mutations G54R and TR34/L98H in two A. fumigatus clinical isolates. Our study showed for the first time the presence of azole resistance in A. fumigatus and A. terreus isolates in the French West Indies.

Published
2021
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38. Scedosporium species in soils from various biomes in Northwestern Morocco.

Author

Mouhajir A, Poirier W, Angebault C, Rahal E, Bouabid R, Bougnoux ME, Kobi A, Zouhair R, Bouchara JP, and Giraud S

Subjects
Ecology, Ecosystem, Humans, Morocco, Scedosporium pathogenicity, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Scedosporium genetics, Scedosporium isolation & purification
Abstract

Scedosporium species are opportunistic pathogens causing various infections, including disseminated infections in severely immunocompromised patients. Preventive measures aiming to reduce the risk of exposure to these fungi require a better knowledge on their ecology and on the sources of contamination of the patients. In this context, 99 soil samples from the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra and Fez-Meknes regions in Morocco were analyzed. Samples were inoculated on the highly selective Scedo-Select III culture medium, and seven chemical parameters of the soils were measured. Scedosporium species were detected in 48 of the samples, with the highest density in soils from wastewater treatment plants and landfills, followed by those from roadsides and polluted riverbanks, thus confirming the impact of human activities on their ecology. Scedosporium apiospermum was the most common species, followed by S. boydii and S. aurantiacum. Analysis of the chemical parameters of the soils revealed the presence of Scedosporium species was mainly associated with a moderate electrical conductivity, a pH range of 7.0 to 7.6, a nutrient-rich content and a moderate phosphorus amount. Thereby, these results demonstrated the relatively high occurrence of Scedosporium in Morocco and highlighted the impact of phosphorus content on their ecology., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2020
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