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1. Corrigendum to ‘An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs’ [J Hepatol 2021;75(3):572–581]

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton V.J. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. Collins, David Elphick, Mazn Karmo, Francisco Porras-Perez, Michael Mendall, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Joanne Sayer, James Jupp, Neil Fisher, Martyn J. Carter, Konrad Koss, Jayshri Shah, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Glyn Scott, Charles Grimley, Ian R. Gooding, Simon Williams, Judith Tidbury, Guan Lim, Kuldeep Cheent, Sass Levi, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, Terry Wong, Richard Marley, John Ramage, Harriet M. Gordon, Jo Ridpath, Theodore Ngatchu, Vijay Paul Bob Grover, Ray G. Shidrawi, George Abouda, L. Corless, Mark Narain, Ian Rees, Ashley Brown, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Joy Wilkins, Leonie Grellier, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Michael A. Heneghan, Howard Curtis, Helen C. Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Mark Aldersley, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Giles Walker, Alistair McNair, Amar Sharif, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin I. Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, Adrian Barnardo, Chirag Oza, Nurani N. Sivaramakrishnan, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Chris D.J. Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom J.W. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch'ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, and Charles Millson

Subjects
Science & Technology, Hepatology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, PBC Consortia, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Published
2021

2. Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant

Author

Christina Kyriakidou, David Baxter, David Chadwick, Gary Albert, Daniel F. McAuley, Jeremy Turner, James Galloway, Rebecca Clark, Eva P. Galiza, Agnieszka Meyrick, Philip A. Kalra, Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen, Emma C Thomson, Angela M. Minassian, Seth Toback, Jonathan Packham, Patrick Moore, Roy L. Soiza, Shalini Iyengar, Catherine Cosgrove, Filip Dubovsky, Dinesh Saralaya, Orod Osanlou, Duncan Browne, Iksung Cho, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Jane Minton, Andrew D. Higham, Marta Boffito, Christopher Jeanes, Paul T. Heath, Anna Goodman, Andreana Robertson, Fiona Burns, Helen Nicholls, Carol H. Pretswell, Richard E. Smith, Greg Glenn, Amardeep Heer, Kathy Smith, Ray Sheridan, Pauline A Swift, Arham Jamal, Joy Rivers, and Imrozia Munsoor

Subjects
Vaccination, Regimen, medicine.medical_specialty, Reactogenicity, business.industry, Internal medicine, Incidence (epidemiology), Post-hoc analysis, Medicine, Adverse effect, Vaccine efficacy, business, Placebo
Abstract

BackgroundCovid-19 vaccines are urgently needed, especially against emerging variants. NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 rS) nanoparticle vaccine containing trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant.MethodsA phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults 18-84 years old who received two intramuscular 5-µg doses, 21 days apart, of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) across 33 sites in the United Kingdom. The primary efficacy endpoint was virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 with onset 7 days after second vaccination in serologically negative participants.ResultsA total of 15,187 participants were randomized, of whom 7569 received NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received placebo; 27.2% were 65 years or older, 44.7% had comorbidities and 4.2% had baseline serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2. There were 10 cases of Covid-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 96 cases among placebo recipients, with symptom onset at least 7 days after second vaccination; NVX-CoV2373 was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 94.6) effective in preventing Covid-19, with no hospitalizations or deaths reported. There were five cases of severe Covid-19, all in the placebo group. Post hoc analysis revealed efficacies of 96.4% (73.8 to 99.5) and 86.3% (71.3 to 93.5) against the prototype strain and B.1.1.7 variant, respectively. Vaccine efficacy was similar across subgroups, including participants with comorbidities and those ≥65 years old. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar in the two groups.ConclusionA two-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred 89.7% protection against a blend of prototype and variant Covid-19, demonstrated high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant, and had a reassuring safety profile.(Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16).

Published
2021
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3. X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Author

S. Abiru, John F. Dillon, Yasuhiro Miyake, Piero Portincasa, Giancarlo Spinzi, R. Harvey, T. Ngatchu, Agostino Colli, M. Taniai, K. Flahive, Masanori Abe, B. Hoeroldt, S. Holder, Howard Curtis, María Isabel Colombo, C. MacNicol, Gang Xie, Andrew Chilton, H. Hussaini, Cristina Rigamonti, M. Kato, Shintaro Yagi, G. Abouda, D. Tyrer, Chris D. Evans, Christopher I. Amos, K. Koss, Kazuaki Chayama, P. Premchand, K. Migita, Simon Panter, Marco Marzioni, Silvia Colombo, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, M. Yagura, Ashley Brown, D. Gocher, Domenico Alvaro, K. Murata, Mark Wright, Piero Luigi Almasio, C. Healey, A. Ciaccio, N. Wheatley, Vincenzo Cardinale, T. Delahooke, Chiara Milani, T. Shewan, W. Stableforth, S. Levi, Mark L. Green, James V. Jones, Y. Baird, Aftab Ala, Burroughs Ak, D. Williams, K. Ario, P. Sanghi, Hemant Gupta, P. Southern, L. Farrington, M. Hamilton, Andrew D. Higham, I. Yabuuchi, H. Yatsuhashi, Lorenzo Morini, T. Yamamoto, Douglas Thorburn, M. Carnahan, N. Nishida, Susan Slininger, M. Koga, K. Honda, Annarosa Floreani, Andrew Douglass, K. Netherton, M. Yasunami, Hirohito Tsubouchi, F. Donato, K. Walker, U. Shmueli, Paolo Muratori, Ray Mathew, J. Maiden, E. Dungca, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, S. Vyas, Helen Sweeting, Subrata Saha, T. Komeda, T. Komatsu, H. J. Lee, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, T. Komura, C. Thomas, C. Shallcross, C. Duggan, J. Kordula, F. Muscariu, Lourdes Cumlat, Imran Patanwala, Giulia Cardamone, L. Morgan, J. Brighton, Masao Honda, H. Nakamura, David Jones, Raj Srirajaskanthan, M. E. Gershwin, T. Muro, L. Stafford, N. Fukushima, Graham P. Butcher, Andrea Crosignani, George Lipscomb, K. Hirata, Y. Nagaoki, S. Mann, Paul G. Richardson, David A Elphick, M. Mupudzi, Y. Ohara, E. Grieve, Gayle Clifford, Claudio Tiribelli, M. Quinn, G. Van Duyvenvoorde, E. Archer, Tatsuki Ichikawa, J. Maltby, T. Arinaga-Hino, Simon Williams, A. King, Yasuni Nakanuma, H. Doyle, A. Brind, Nora Cazzagon, H. Ota, Daphne D’Amato, K. Hogben, H. Wooldridge, J. Wilkins, Shuichi Kaneko, L. Hankey, Gordon Wood, Andrew Fraser, K. Martin, A. Naqvi, M. Ninkovic, M. Patel, Yoshihiko Maehara, Kapil Kapur, I. Amey, Vincenza Calvaruso, Kenichi Harada, T. Yamashita, James Neuberger, N. Taylor, T. Lee, J. Featherstone, C. Lawlor, K. Seward, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Andrea Galli, L. Tan, Kentaro Kikuchi, K. Furuta, Mark A. Ainsworth, Hiromasa Ohira, Esther Unitt, Yosuke Kawai, N. Lancaster, D. Simpson, R. Shidrawi, I. Salam, A.J. Bell, Pietro Andreone, J. Ishida, Voi Shim Wong, N Fisher, Andrew C. Douds, R. Penn, Matthew Foxton, A. Watson, Andrew Mason, S. Walsh, Hiromi Ishibashi, Daniel M. Forton, Giovanni Casella, H. Takaki, K. Yamauchi, Pietro Lampertico, Osamu Yokosuka, M. Koda, M. Davies, H. Mitchison, P. Gyawali, G. Bird, M. Hughes, L. Jones, C. Hamilton, A. Hynes, R. Galaska, Fabio Marra, Debasish Das, C. Cowley, A. Fouracres, Yasuhiko Sugawara, E. Mita, T. Saoshiro, Akinobu Taketomi, Robert P. Myers, R. Przemioslo, F. Wright, L. Hobson, L. Currie, J. Allison, J. Hails, Noriyo Yamashiki, Massimo Zuin, C. Grimley, Alessio Gerussi, S. Besley, Stefano Duga, A. Piotrowicz, H. Kouno, L. Dali-kemmery, H. Sakai, M. Mizokami, Stefano Fagiuoli, Amy Davis, Pier Maria Battezzati, Masao Nagasaki, Luigi Muratori, A. Mori, S. Desmennu, S. Jones, R. Abrahams, Keith George, F. Makita, J. Brown, D. Gorard, Satoru Joshita, M. Mills, Pierluigi Toniutto, S. Campbell, J. Butterworth, S. Dyer, Filomena Morisco, Norihiro Kokudo, T. Yapp, C. Shorrock, Floriano Rosina, E. Walker, Shinji Uemoto, H. Takahashi, Simon M. Rushbrook, K. Amor, E. Marshall, J. Browning, S. Batham, Luca Fabris, Paul R. Banim, Meenakshi Narain, M. Harada, Dermot Gleeson, N. Hirashima, M. Kikuchi, T. Nikami, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Carlo Ferrari, G. Prasad, O. Chirag, Katsushi Tokunaga, M. Nasseri, Rosanna Asselta, Y. Lu, Ken Shirabe, D. Sirdefield, George F. Mells, K. Sugi, R. Ayres, G. Whatley, A. Singhal, M. Leoni, N. Sivaramakrishnan, T. Harding, Rupert Ransford, Anton V J Gunasekera, C. Mulvaney-Jones, D. Ramanaden, M. Mendall, Muhammad F. Dawwas, Dave Jones, Luca Valenti, Earl J. Williams, Markus Gess, Peter Bramley, A. McNair, E. Hashimoto, P. Townshend, C. Ford, Mario Strazzabosco, Luca Miele, Matthew J Brookes, J. Colley, Mark Wilkinson, H. Dewhurst, Charles Millson, E. Shpuza, Shinji Shimoda, T. Himoto, P. Kitchen, M. Nakamuta, Hiroaki Nishimura, Martin Lombard, Kevork M. Peltekian, M. Pitcher, G. Lim, L. Graves, C. Palmer, S. Lord, S. Katsushima, S. Tripoli, Andrew Austin, N. White, B. Grover, S. Congreave, M. Prince, Rebecca Jones, K. Hirano, A. Shepherd, Y. Mano, Michael A. Heneghan, Richard Sandford, L. O'Donohoe, Marco Carbone, S. A. Rolls, Patrick Goggin, M. L. Cowan, M. Crossey, A. Loftus, K. Young, Mesbah Rahman, Cameron N. Ghent, E. Nambela, M. Xiong, L. Grellier, Sunil Dolwani, Antonio Picciotto, Gill Watts, Alberto Mattalia, Elvezia Maria Paraboschi, J. Orpe, Takeji Umemura, Yuki Hitomi, Fiona H. Gordon, Shotaro Sakisaka, A. Dias, Chin Lye Ch'ng, M. Carter, A. Mandal, Yufang Shi, Takafumi Ichida, N. Masaki, M. Oblak, S. Nagaoka, Kevin Yoong, O. Gervais, Minoru Nakamura, Kazuhiko Nakao, S. Taylor-Robinson, L. Kent, Sushma Saksena, A. Affronti, K. Boulton, R. Ede, H. Pateman, K. Yoshizawa, G. Bray, H. Ebinuma, Yeng Ang, Akio Ido, John Ramage, Richard Sturgess, C. Gray, E. Durant, M. Hayes, A. Saeed, J. Keggans, J. Gitahi, T. Valliani, Edoardo G. Giannini, C. Foale, A. Palegwala, Lory Saveria Crocè, K. Matsushita, S. Shaukat, J. Mclindon, S. Pearson, A. Barnardo, A. Wright, Mirko Tarocchi, R Marley, M. Kent, C. Dickson, A. Gibbins, J. Whiteman, S. Singhal, Richard Aspinall, M. Ito, Laura Cristoferi, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, J. Booth, A. Bathgate, Morikazu Onji, A. Grant, A. Paton, Y. Aiba, P. Chan, J. Sayer, S. Whalley, T. Mathialahan, J. Gotto, T. Kanda, B. Williams, K. Elliott, P. Raymode, Akinobu Takaki, V. Silvestre, I. Gee, C. Hovell, Graham R. Foster, D. Cotterill, G. Stansfield, Grazia Anna Niro, J. Conder, Yoshiyuki Ueno, A. Shah, Jane Metcalf, S. Hayashi, T. Sato, S. Jain, J. Subhani, Donatella Barisani, A. McKay, Kuniaki Arai, Jeremy Shearman, Torao Tanaka, S. Glenn, S. E. O'Donnell, Federica Malinverno, Denise O'Donnell, R. Casey, N. Sharer, J. Bowles, J. Kendall, Maria Cristina Vinci, Antonio Benedetti, George MacFaul, K. Houghton, Vincenzo Ronca, P. Desousa, B. Holbrook, F. Ali, B. Longhurst, Atsushi Tanaka, Marek Czajkowski, R. Tang, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Y. Watanabe, Graeme J.M. Alexander, R. Cloudsdale, F. Hines, M. Karmo, Brian D. Juran, I. Gooding, Y. Takeyama, J. Fraser, A. Mukhopadhya, Sumihito Tamura, Hajime Takikawa, R. Damant, E. Wilhelmsen, M. Kobayashi, J. Tregonning, V. Lambourne, D. Clement, D. Braim, M. Shimada, S. Sen, Shaun Greer, C. Innes, E. Gunter, C. Brown, H. Klass, A. Komori, Andy Li, H. Fairlamb, N. Ncube, Yoshinori Shimada, M. Harrison, S. Marriott, I. Grattagliano, Savino Bruno, A. Naganuma, Xiangjun Gu, Michael F. Seldin, S. Thornthwaite, Peter R. Mills, Katherine A. Siminovitch, X. Liu, Masataka Seike, J. Curtis, Carmela Cursaro, Z. Li, Mikio Zeniya, K. Warner, B. Bird, Jane Collier, Bridget Gunson, S. Tsuruta, E. Tanqueray, Richard Evans, H. Kamitsukasa, R. Sugimoto, Jeremy Tibble, D. Neal, S. Ducker, Francesco Azzaroli, K. Spurdle, K. Ocker, M. Senju, C. Collins, Y. Nakamura, Matthew E. Cramp, Yuji Soejima, I. Drake, K. Ueno, T. Mannami, Clara Mancuso, M. Kawashima, M. Cox, S. S. Kohn, H. Shibata, Stephen D. Ryder, Christopher Macdonald, J. Ridpath, Stephen P. Pereira, L. March, Barbara Coco, J. Morrison, A. Broad, J. Verheyden, Angelo Andriulli, N. Higuchi, J. Musselwhite, R. Bishop, Gwen Baxter, Richard A. Miller, Guido Colloredo, A. Eastick, I. Rees, Deb Ghosh, L. Winter, Sara Massironi, R. McCorry, Gianfranco Elia, T. Kobata, N. Naeshiro, K. Pollock, J. Gasem, S. Gallagher, K. Jing, S. Misra, B. Shinder, Harriet Gordon, E. Takesaki, J. Sadeghian, S. Tsunematsu, Ana Lleo, M. Aldersley, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Pietro Invernizzi, Heather J. Cordell, Asselta, R., Paraboschi, E. M., Gerussi, A., Cordell, H. J., Mells, G. F., Sandford, R. N., Jones, D. E., Nakamura, M., Ueno, K., Hitomi, Y., Kawashima, M., Nishida, N., Tokunaga, K., Nagasaki, M., Tanaka, A., Tang, R., Li, Z., Shi, Y., Liu, X., Xiong, M., Hirschfield, G., Siminovitch, K. A., Walker, E., Xie, G., Mason, A., Myers, R., Peltekian, K., Ghent, C., Atkinson, E., Juran, B., Lazaridis, K., Lu, Y., Gu, X., Jing, K., Amos, C., Affronti, A., Brunetto, M., Coco, B., Spinzi, G., Elia, G., Ferrari, C., Lleo, A., Muratori, L., Muratori, P., Portincasa, P., Colli, A., Bruno, S., Colloredo, G., Azzaroli, F., Andreone, P., Bragazzi, M., Alvaro, D., Cardinale, V., Cazzagon, N., Rigamonti, C., Floreani, A., Rosina, F., Ciaccio, A., Cristoferi, L., D'Amato, D., Malinverno, F., Mancuso, C., Massironi, S., Milani, C., O'Donnell, S. E., Ronca, V., Barisani, D., Lampertico, P., Donato, F., Fagiuoli, S., Almasio, P. L., Giannini, E., Cursaro, C., Colombo, M., Valenti, L., Miele, L., Andriulli, A., Niro, G. A., Grattagliano, I., Morini, L., Casella, G., Vinci, M., Battezzati, P. M., Crosignani, A., Zuin, M., Mattalia, A., Calvaruso, V., Colombo, S., Benedetti, A., Marzioni, M., Galli, A., Marra, F., Tarocchi, M., Picciotto, A., Morisco, F., Fabris, L., Croce, L. S., Tiribelli, C., Toniutto, P., Strazzabosco, M., Ch'Ng, C. L., Rahman, M., Yapp, T., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Czajkowski, M., Gunasekera, A., Gyawali, P., Premchand, P., Kapur, K., Marley, R., Foster, G., Watson, A., Dias, A., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Ramanaden, D., Gasem, J., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Shorrock, C., Lipscomb, G., Southern, P., Tibble, J., Gorard, D., Palegwala, A., Jones, S., Dawwas, M., Alexander, G., Dolwani, S., Prince, M., Foxton, M., Elphick, D., Mitchison, H., Gooding, I., Karmo, M., Saksena, S., Mendall, M., Patel, M., Ede, R., Austin, A., Sayer, J., Hankey, L., Hovell, C., Fisher, N., Carter, M., Koss, K., Piotrowicz, A., Grimley, C., Neal, D., Lim, G., Levi, S., Ala, A., Broad, A., Saeed, A., Wood, G., Brown, J., Wilkinson, M., Gordon, H., Ramage, J., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Grover, B., Shaukat, S., Shidrawi, R., Abouda, G., Ali, F., Rees, I., Salam, I., Narain, M., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Williams, S., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Chilton, A., Heneghan, M., Curtis, H., Gess, M., Drake, I., Aldersley, M., Davies, M., Jones, R., Mcnair, A., Srirajaskanthan, R., Pitcher, M., Sen, S., Bird, G., Barnardo, A., Kitchen, P., Yoong, K., Chirag, O., Sivaramakrishnan, N., Macfaul, G., Jones, D., Shah, A., Evans, C., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Fraser, A., Mills, P., Shallcross, C., Campbell, S., Bathgate, A., Shepherd, A., Dillon, J., Rushbrook, S., Przemioslo, R., Macdonald, C., Metcalf, J., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T., Ryder, S. 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E., Seldin, M. F., Invernizzi, P., Asselta R., Paraboschi E.M., Gerussi A., Cordell H.J., Mells G.F., Sandford R.N., Jones D.E., Nakamura M., Ueno K., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Tokunaga K., Nagasaki M., Tanaka A., Tang R., Li Z., Shi Y., Liu X., Xiong M., Hirschfield G., Siminovitch K.A., Walker E., Xie G., Mason A., Myers R., Peltekian K., Ghent C., Atkinson E., Juran B., Lazaridis K., Lu Y., Gu X., Jing K., Amos C., Affronti A., Brunetto M., Coco B., Spinzi G., Elia G., Ferrari C., Lleo A., Muratori L., Muratori P., Portincasa P., Colli A., Bruno S., Colloredo G., Azzaroli F., Andreone P., Bragazzi M., Alvaro D., Cardinale V., Cazzagon N., Rigamonti C., Floreani A., Rosina F., Ciaccio A., Cristoferi L., D'Amato D., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Massironi S., Milani C., O'Donnell S.E., Ronca V., Barisani D., Lampertico P., Donato F., Fagiuoli S., Almasio P.L., Giannini E., Cursaro C., Colombo M., Valenti L., Miele L., Andriulli A., Niro G.A., Grattagliano I., Morini L., Casella G., Vinci M., Battezzati P.M., Crosignani A., Zuin M., Mattalia A., Calvaruso V., Colombo S., Benedetti A., Marzioni M., Galli A., Marra F., Tarocchi M., Picciotto A., Morisco F., Fabris L., Croce L.S., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Strazzabosco M., Ch'ng C.L., Rahman M., Yapp T., Sturgess R., Healey C., Czajkowski M., Gunasekera A., Gyawali P., Premchand P., Kapur K., Marley R., Foster G., Watson A., Dias A., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Ramanaden D., Gasem J., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Shorrock C., Lipscomb G., Southern P., Tibble J., Gorard D., Palegwala A., Jones S., Dawwas M., Alexander G., Dolwani S., Prince M., Foxton M., Elphick D., Mitchison H., Gooding I., Karmo M., Saksena S., Mendall M., Patel M., Ede R., Austin A., Sayer J., Hankey L., Hovell C., Fisher N., Carter M., Koss K., Piotrowicz A., Grimley C., Neal D., Lim G., Levi S., Ala A., Broad A., Saeed A., Wood G., Brown J., Wilkinson M., Gordon H., Ramage J., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Grover B., Shaukat S., Shidrawi R., Abouda G., Ali F., Rees I., Salam I., Narain M., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Williams S., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Chilton A., Heneghan M., Curtis H., Gess M., Drake I., Aldersley M., Davies M., Jones R., McNair A., Srirajaskanthan R., Pitcher M., Sen S., Bird G., Barnardo A., Kitchen P., Yoong K., Chirag O., Sivaramakrishnan N., MacFaul G., Jones D., Shah A., Evans C., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Fraser A., Mills P., Shallcross C., Campbell S., Bathgate A., Shepherd A., Dillon J., Rushbrook S., Przemioslo R., Macdonald C., Metcalf J., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T., Ryder S.D., Collier J., Klass H., Ninkovic M., Cramp M., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Goggin P., Ghosh D., Douds A., Hoeroldt B., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Stableforth W., Ayres R., Thorburn D., Marshall E., Burroughs A., Mann S., Lombard M., Richardson P., Patanwala I., Maltby J., Brookes M., Mathew R., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass 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Sadeghian J., Williams B., Rolls S.-A., Hynes A., Duggan C., Crossey M., Stansfield G., MacNicol C., Wilkins J., Wilhelmsen E., Raymode P., Lee H.-J., Durant E., Bishop R., Ncube N., Tripoli S., Casey R., Cowley C., Miller R., Houghton K., Ducker S., Wright F., Bird B., Baxter G., Keggans J., Hughes M., Grieve E., Young K., Williams D., Ocker K., Hines F., Martin K., Innes C., Valliani T., Fairlamb H., Thornthwaite S., Eastick A., Tanqueray E., Morrison J., Holbrook B., Browning J., Walker K., Congreave S., Verheyden J., Slininger S., Stafford L., O'Donnell D., Ainsworth M., Lord S., Kent L., March L., Dickson C., Simpson D., Longhurst B., Hayes M., Shpuza E., White N., Besley S., Pearson S., Wright A., Jones L., Gunter E., Dewhurst H., Fouracres A., Farrington L., Graves L., Marriott S., Leoni M., Tyrer D., Dali-kemmery L., Lambourne V., Green M., Sirdefield D., Amor K., Colley J., Shinder B., Jones J., Mills M., Carnahan M., Taylor N., Boulton K., Tregonning J., Brown C., Clifford G., Archer E., Hamilton M., Curtis J., Shewan T., Walsh S., Warner K., Netherton K., Mupudzi M., Gunson B., Gitahi J., Gocher D., Batham S., Pateman H., Desmennu S., Conder J., Clement D., Gallagher S., Orpe J., Chan P., Currie L., O'Donohoe L., Oblak M., Morgan L., Quinn M., Amey I., Baird Y., Cotterill D., Cumlat L., Winter L., Greer S., Spurdle K., Allison J., Dyer S., Sweeting H., Kordula J., Aiba Y., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Kawai Y., Kohn S.-S., Gervais O., Migita K., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Higuchi N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Takikawa H., Ohira H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Carbone M., Cardamone G., Duga S., Gershwin M.E., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Asselta, R, Paraboschi, E, Gerussi, A, Cordell, H, Mells, G, Sandford, R, Jones, D, Nakamura, M, Ueno, K, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Tokunaga, K, Nagasaki, M, Tanaka, A, Tang, R, Li, Z, Shi, Y, Liu, X, Xiong, M, Hirschfield, G, Siminovitch, K, Walker, E, Xie, G, Mason, A, Myers, R, Peltekian, K, Ghent, C, Atkinson, E, Juran, B, Lazaridis, K, Lu, Y, Gu, X, Jing, K, Amos, C, Affronti, A, Brunetto, M, Coco, B, Spinzi, G, Elia, G, Ferrari, C, Lleo, A, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Portincasa, P, Colli, A, Bruno, S, Colloredo, G, Azzaroli, F, Andreone, P, Bragazzi, M, Alvaro, D, Cardinale, V, Cazzagon, N, Rigamonti, C, Floreani, A, Rosina, F, Ciaccio, A, Cristoferi, L, D'Amato, D, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Massironi, S, Milani, C, O'Donnell, S, Ronca, V, Barisani, D, Lampertico, P, Donato, F, Fagiuoli, S, Almasio, P, Giannini, E, Cursaro, C, Colombo, M, Valenti, L, Miele, L, Andriulli, A, Niro, G, Grattagliano, I, Morini, L, Casella, G, Vinci, M, Battezzati, P, Crosignani, A, Zuin, M, Mattalia, A, Calvaruso, V, Colombo, S, Benedetti, A, Marzioni, M, Galli, A, Marra, F, Tarocchi, M, Picciotto, A, Morisco, F, Fabris, L, Croce, L, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Strazzabosco, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney-Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali-kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, Kordula, J, Aiba, Y, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Kawai, Y, Kohn, S, Gervais, O, Migita, K, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Higuchi, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Takikawa, H, Ohira, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Carbone, M, Cardamone, G, Duga, S, Gershwin, M, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Gerussi A, Cordell HJ, Mells GF, Sandford RN, Jones DE, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Tokunaga K, Nagasaki M, Tanaka A, Tang R, Li Z, Shi Y, Liu X, Xiong M, Hirschfield G, Siminovitch KA, Canadian-US PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, UK-PBC Consortium, Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium, Carbone M, Cardamone G, Duga S, Gershwin ME, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, and LiveR North

Subjects
Canadian-US PBC Consortium, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Genome-wide association study, Disease, PBC, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, Linkage Disequilibrium, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Odds Ratio, X-Wide Association Study, Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium, X chromosome, Genetics, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Gastroenterology, Forkhead Transcription Factors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Shal Potassium Channels, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Adult, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Superenhancer, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Endopeptidases, Humans, Cell Lineage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Meta-analysi, Genetic association, Chromosomes, Human, X, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Meta-analysis, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Carrier Proteins, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background & aims: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. Methods: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). Results: Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10-4, with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10-6; odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.88; Japanese cohort). Although the transethnic meta-analysis evidenced only a suggestive signal (rs2239452, mapping within the PIM2 gene; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; P = 9.93 × 10-8), the population-specific meta-analysis showed a genome-wide significant locus in East Asian individuals pointing to the same region (rs7059064, mapping within the GRIPAP1 gene; P = 6.2 × 10-9; OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46). Indeed, rs7059064 tags a unique linkage disequilibrium block including 7 genes: TIMM17B, PQBP1, PIM2, SLC35A2, OTUD5, KCND1, and GRIPAP1, as well as a superenhancer (GH0XJ048933 within OTUD5) targeting all these genes. GH0XJ048933 is also predicted to target FOXP3, the main T-regulatory cell lineage specification factor. Consistently, OTUD5 and FOXP3 RNA levels were up-regulated in PBC case patients (1.75- and 1.64-fold, respectively). Conclusions: This work represents the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of the chrX contribution to the genetics of an autoimmune liver disease and shows a novel PBC-related genome-wide significant locus.

Published
2021

4. An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byan, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, MariaConsiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton VJ. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. Collins, David Elphick, Mazn Karmo, Francisco Porras-Perez, Michael Mendall, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Joanne Sayer, James Jupp, Neil Fisher, Martyn J. Carter, Konrad Koss, Jayshri Shah, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Glyn Scott, Charles Grimley, Ian R. Gooding, Simon Williams, Judith Tidbury, Guan Lim, Kuldeep Cheent, Sass Levi, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, Terry Wong, Richard Marley, John Ramage, Harriet M. Gordon, Jo Ridpath, Theodore Ngatchu, Vijay Paul Bob Grover, Ray G. Shidrawi, George Abouda, L. Corless, Mark Narain, Ian Rees, Ashley Brown, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Joy Wilkins, Leonie Grellier, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Michael A. Heneghan, Howard Curtis, Helen C. Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Mark Aldersley, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Giles Walker, Alistair McNair, Amar Sharif, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin I. Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, Adrian Barnardo, Chirag Oza, Nurani N. Sivaramakrishnan, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Chris DJ. Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom JW. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch’ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, Charles Millson, Cordell, H. J., Fryett, J. J., Ueno, K., Darlay, R., Aiba, Y., Hitomi, Y., Kawashima, M., Nishida, N., Khor, S. -S., Gervais, O., Kawai, Y., Nagasaki, M., Tokunaga, K., Tang, R., Shi, Y., Li, Z., Juran, B. D., Atkinson, E. J., Gerussi, A., Carbone, M., Asselta, R., Cheung, A., de Andrade, M., Baras, A., Horowitz, J., Ferreira, M. A. R., Sun, D., Jones, D. E., Flack, S., Spicer, A., Mulcahy, V. L., Byan, J., Han, Y., Sandford, R. N., Lazaridis, K. N., Amos, C. I., Hirschfield, G. M., Seldin, M. F., Invernizzi, P., Siminovitch, K. A., Ma, X., Nakamura, M., Mells, G. F., Mason, A., Vincent, C., Xie, G., Zhang, J., Affronti, A., Almasio, P. L., Alvaro, D., Andreone, P., Andriulli, A., Azzaroli, F., Battezzati, P. M., Benedetti, A., Bragazzi, M., Brunetto, M., Bruno, S., Calvaruso, V., Cardinale, V., Casella, G., Cazzagon, N., Ciaccio, A., Coco, B., Colli, A., Colloredo, G., Colombo, M., Colombo, S., Cristoferi, L., Cursaro, C., Croce, L. S., Crosignani, A., D'Amato, D., Donato, F., Elia, G., Fabris, L., Fagiuoli, S., Ferrari, C., Floreani, A., Galli, A., Giannini, E., Grattagliano, I., Lampertico, P., Lleo, A., Malinverno, F., Mancuso, C., Marra, F., Marzioni, M., Massironi, S., Mattalia, A., Miele, L., Milani, C., Morini, L., Morisco, F., Muratori, L., Muratori, P., Niro, G. A., O'Donnell, S., Picciotto, A., Portincasa, P., Rigamonti, C., Ronca, V., Rosina, F., Spinzi, G., Strazzabosco, M., Tarocchi, M., Tiribelli, C., Toniutto, P., Valenti, L., Vinci, M., Zuin, M., Nakamura, H., Abiru, S., Nagaoka, S., Komori, A., Yatsuhashi, H., Ishibashi, H., Ito, M., Migita, K., Ohira, H., Katsushima, S., Naganuma, A., Sugi, K., Komatsu, T., Mannami, T., Matsushita, K., Yoshizawa, K., Makita, F., Nikami, T., Nishimura, H., Kouno, H., Ota, H., Komura, T., Nakamura, Y., Shimada, M., Hirashima, N., Komeda, T., Ario, K., Nakamuta, M., Yamashita, T., Furuta, K., Kikuchi, M., Naeshiro, N., Takahashi, H., Mano, Y., Tsunematsu, S., Yabuuchi, I., Shimada, Y., Yamauchi, K., Sugimoto, R., Sakai, H., Mita, E., Koda, M., Tsuruta, S., Kamitsukasa, H., Sato, T., Masaki, N., Kobata, T., Fukushima, N., Ohara, Y., Muro, T., Takesaki, E., Takaki, H., Yamamoto, T., Kato, M., Nagaoki, Y., Hayashi, S., Ishida, J., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, M., Koga, M., Saoshiro, T., Yagura, M., Hirata, K., Tanaka, A., Takikawa, H., Zeniya, M., Abe, M., Onji, M., Kaneko, S., Honda, M., Arai, K., Arinaga-Hino, T., Hashimoto, E., Taniai, M., Umemura, T., Joshita, S., Nakao, K., Ichikawa, T., Shibata, H., Yamagiwa, S., Seike, M., Honda, K., Sakisaka, S., Takeyama, Y., Harada, M., Senju, M., Yokosuka, O., Kanda, T., Ueno, Y., Kikuchi, K., Ebinuma, H., Himoto, T., Yasunami, M., Murata, K., Mizokami, M., Kawata, K., Shimoda, S., Miyake, Y., Takaki, A., Yamamoto, K., Hirano, K., Ichida, T., Ido, A., Tsubouchi, H., Chayama, K., Harada, K., Nakanuma, Y., Maehara, Y., Taketomi, A., Shirabe, K., Soejima, Y., Mori, A., Yagi, S., Uemoto, S., H, E., Tanaka, T., Yamashiki, N., Tamura, S., Sugawara, Y., Kokudo, N., Chalasani, N., Luketic, V., Odin, J., Chopra, K., Abecasis, G., Cantor, M., Coppola, G., Economides, A., Lotta, L. A., Overton, J. D., Reid, J. G., Shuldiner, A., Beechert, C., Forsythe, C., Fuller, E. D., Gu, Z., Lattari, M., Lopez, A., Schleicher, T. D., Padilla, M. S., Toledo, K., Widom, L., Wolf, S. E., Pradhan, M., Manoochehri, K., Ulloa, R. H., Bai, X., Balasubramanian, S., Barnard, L., Blumenfeld, A., Eom, G., Habegger, L., Hawes, A., Khalid, S., Maxwell, E. K., Salerno, W., Staples, J. C., Jones, M. B., Mitnaul, L. J., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Yeoman, A., Gunasekera, A. V., Kooner, P., Kapur, K., Sathyanarayana, V., Kallis, Y., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Rooney, P., Ramanaden, D., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Gasem, J., Shorrock, C., Bhalme, M., Southern, P., Tibble, J. A., Gorard, D. A., Jones, S., Mells, G., Mulcahy, V., Srivastava, B., Foxton, M. R., Collins, C. E., Elphick, D., Karmo, M., Porras-Perez, F., Mendall, M., Yapp, T., Patel, M., Ede, R., Sayer, J., Jupp, J., Fisher, N., Carter, M. J., Koss, K., Shah, J., Piotrowicz, A., Scott, G., Grimley, C., Gooding, I. R., Williams, S., Tidbury, J., Lim, G., Cheent, K., Levi, S., Mansour, D., Beckley, M., Hollywood, C., Wong, T., Marley, R., Ramage, J., Gordon, H. M., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Bob Grover, V. P., Shidrawi, R. G., Abouda, G., Corless, L., Narain, M., Rees, I., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Wilkins, J., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Heneghan, M. A., Curtis, H., Matthews, H. C., Mohammed, F., Aldersley, M., Srirajaskanthan, R., Walker, G., Mcnair, A., Sharif, A., Sen, S., Bird, G., Prince, M. I., Prasad, G., Kitchen, P., Barnardo, A., Oza, C., Sivaramakrishnan, N. N., Gupta, P., Shah, A., Evans, C. D., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Barclay, S. T., Mcdonald, N., Bathgate, A. J., Palmer, K., Dillon, J. F., Rushbrook, S. M., Przemioslo, R., Mcdonald, C., Millar, A., Tai, C., Mitchell, S., Metcalf, J., Shaukat, S., Ninkovic, M., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T. J., Ryder, S., Collier, J., Klass, H., Cramp, M. E., Sharer, N., Aspinall, R., Ghosh, D., Douds, A. C., Booth, J., Williams, E., Hussaini, H., Christie, J., Mann, S., Thorburn, D., Marshall, A., Patanwala, I., Ala, A., Maltby, J., Matthew, R., Corbett, C., Vyas, S., Singhal, S., Gleeson, D., Misra, S., Butterworth, J., George, K., Harding, T., Douglass, A., Mitchison, H., Panter, S., Shearman, J., Bray, G., Roberts, M., Butcher, G., Forton, D., Mahmood, Z., Cowan, M., Ch'Ng, C. L., Rahman, M., Whatley, G. C. A., Wesley, E., Mandal, A., Jain, S., Pereira, S. P., Wright, M., Trivedi, P., Gordon, F. H., Unitt, E., Palejwala, A., Austin, A., Vemala, V., Grant, A., Higham, A. D., Brind, A., Mathew, R., Cox, M., Ramakrishnan, S., King, A., Whalley, S., Fraser, J., Thomson, S. J., Bell, A., Wong, V. S., Kia, R., Gee, I., Keld, R., Ransford, R., Gotto, J., Millson, C., Cordell H.J., Fryett J.J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S.-S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B.D., Atkinson E.J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M.A.R., Sun D., Jones D.E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V.L., Byan J., Han Y., Sandford R.N., Lazaridis K.N., Amos C.I., Hirschfield G.M., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K.A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G.F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P.L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P.M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L.S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G.A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tarocchi M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., 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Ferreira MAR, Sun D, Jones DE, Flack S, Spicer A, Mulcahy VL, Byan J, Han Y, Sandford RN, Lazaridis KN, Amos CI, Hirschfield GM, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, Siminovitch KA, Ma X, Nakamura M, Mells GF, PBC Consortia, Canadian PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, US PBC Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, and Calvaruso V. .

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, ALSPAC, ERN RARE-LIVER, Genomic co-localization, Network-based in silico drug efficacy screening, UK-PBC, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Italian PBC Study Group, LD SCORE REGRESSION, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, Genome-wide association study, Locus (genetics), Disease, SUSCEPTIBILITY, PBC, Chronic liver disease, Bioinformatics, GENETIC ASSOCIATION, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Medicine, Genetic association, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, business.industry, Biliary, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, PBC Consortia, 030104 developmental biology, Meta-analysis, ERN RARE LIVER, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract

[BACKGROUND & AIMS] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease in which autoimmune destruction of the small intra-hepatic bile ducts eventually leads to cirrhosis. Many patients have inadequate response to licensed medications, motivating the search for novel therapies. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses (GWMA) of PBC have identified numerous risk loci for this condition, providing insight into its aetiology. We undertook the largest GWMA of PBC to date, aiming to identify additional risk loci and prioritise candidate genes for in silico drug efficacy screening. [METHODS] We combined new and existing genotype data for 10, 516 cases and 20, 772 controls from five European and two East Asian cohorts. [RESULTS] We identified 56 genome-wide significant loci (20 novel) including 46 in European, 13 in Asian, and 41 in combined cohorts; and a 57th genome-wide significant locus (also novel) in conditional analysis of the European cohorts. Candidate genes at newly identified loci include FCRL3, INAVA, PRDM1, IRF7, CCR6, CD226, and IL12RB1, each having key roles in immunity. Pathway analysis reiterated the likely importance of pattern recognition receptor and TNF signalling, Jak-STAT signalling, and differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Drug efficacy screening identified several medications predicted to be therapeutic in PBC, some well-established in the treatment of other autoimmune disorders. [CONCLUSIONS] This study has identified additional risk loci for PBC, provided a hierarchy of agents that could be trialled in this condition, and emphasised the value of genetic and genomic approaches to drug discovery in complex disorders. [Lay summary] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that eventually leads to cirrhosis. In this study, we analysed genetic information from 10, 516 people with PBC and 20, 772 healthy individuals recruited in Canada, China, Italy, Japan, UK, or USA. We identified several genetic regions associated with PBC. Each of these regions contains several genes. For each region, we used diverse sources of evidence to help us choose the gene most likely to be involved in causing PBC. We used these ‘candidate genes’ to help us identify medications that are currently used for treatment of other conditions, which might also be useful for treatment of PBC., 原発性胆汁性胆管炎のゲノムワイド関連解析 --国際メタ解析による新規疾患感受性遺伝子と治療薬候補の同定--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-06-28.

Published
2021

5. Chemoprevention of Esophageal Cancer

Author

Elizabeth Ratcliffe, Mohamed Shibeika, Janusz Jankowski, and Andrew D. Higham

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Aspirin, Statin, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Cancer, Esophageal cancer, medicine.disease, Malignancy, Clinical trial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Esophagus, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Chemoprevention of cancer is an emerging field: using well-known supplements or medications to prevent carcinoma before invasion. Numerous agents are being studied to try to prevent esophageal malignancy given its high burden of mortality and late stage at diagnosis.

Published
2019
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