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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) used as a plastic enhancer in producing polycarbonate resins to manufacture hard plastics. Due to strict limitations on the manufacturing and utilization of BPA, several bisphenol substitutes, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF), have been developed to replace it in various applications. Because of their widespread use in food containers, infant bottles, and reusable water bottles, bisphenols (BPs) have been identified in different environmental circumstances, including drinking water, seawater, industrial effluent, and endocrine systems such as human blood, urine, and breast milk. However, locating and analyzing them in different conditions has proven to be challenging. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the prevalence of BPs in the environment. The significance of advanced treatment options for treating and eliminating BPA and its alternatives from water bodies are reviewed. Also, the research gaps and future scopes are discussed in this review article. According to the literature survey, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation provide synergistic benefits for environmental challenges because of their substantial adsorption Q5 capacity, high oxidation capability, and low cost compared to alternative individual treatment options. HIGHLIGHTS The occurrence of bisphenols in aquatic systems has been addressed.; The aggressive impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environmental matrices is outlined.; The pollutant's sustainability and structural characteristics are analyzed.; The cost-effective treatment strategies for simultaneous BPs reduction are discussed.; The significances of BPs on the integrated treatment approach are detailed.;

The study assesses the efficacy of CeO2 nanoparticles synthesised via the hydrothermal method for UV‐induced catalytic activity in decomposing cobalt complexes. Various analyses, including X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), and UV‐Vis spectrophotometry were employed to investigate the impact of cobalt on cerium oxide's morphology, optical, electrochemical, and microstructural characteristics. The XRD analysis revealed a cubic structure in the fluorite‐type pattern, primarily oriented along the (111) direction. Raman spectroscopy supported these findings, identifying an active mode peak at 464 cm−1 and indicating the presence of F2g cubic fluorite. SEM imaging displayed cleavage and uniform, densely packed grains. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ce, O, and Co, corroborated by X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) data. Optical measurements indicated a band gap starting at 3.03 eV, which decreased with increasing Co ratio, reaching 2.9 eV at 4 % cobalt incorporation. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated that Co‐doped samples exhibited enhanced ion storage capacity. These comprehensive analyses underscore the potential of Co‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles for UV‐induced catalytic activity, offering valuable insights into their structural and functional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, metal oxides have attracted significant research attention due to their wide-ranging applicability in nearly every field of study. In the present study, we focus on photochemical reactions promoted by using nanoscale MoO3, TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite facilitated charge separation and elevated photo-destruction efficiency of [Cu(dien)(1-MeIm)Cl]Cl complex in a mixed solvent medium via an interlayer pathway. The synthesized complex and the nanomaterials were validated by various instrumental techniques. The lifetime of charge carriers (τ = 36 ns) is higher than bare materials proving its superior photo efficacy. Introduction of 40% acetonitrile (ACN:H2O) solvent gave a higher photoreduction rate constant for Cu(II) complex by MoO3/TiO2 (5.733 × 10–2 s−1) denoting the better photocatalytic nature of nanocomposite rather than the prepared bare nanomaterials. The findings from the study unambiguously reveal that even a small amount of surface incorporation significantly shifts the material for blue LED application. Thus, it paves the way for unleashing its diverse uses, comprehending its distinctive attributes and investigating its possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano CeO2/SnO2 composite was successfully synthesised using the hydrothermal method and is one of the most widely used photocatalysts in metal-oxide semiconductors and has good photocatalytic activity. Experimental and spectroscopic approaches confirmed the structure and shape of the nanocomposite according to XRD, HR-TEM and SEM results. Spectral peaks are shown to migrate with the CeO2/SnO2 composite in experiments using Raman and opacity (photoluminescence). The magnetic properties of the composite were thoroughly investigated. The different oxidation states of Ce and Sn, which act as active sites in the electrocatalytic activity of this nanocomposite material, were observed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capability of the CeO2/SnO2 composite was demonstrated by additional galvanic charge–discharge (GCD) experiments at various current densities, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements at different scan rates (the maximum capacitance value of 718 F g−1 from CV and 721 A g−1 from GCD). Reduction of cis-[Co(phen)2Cl2]Cl by nano-CeO2/SnO2 was traced for the production of Co(II) ion, which was shown to be catalytically efficient by UV–Vis response curves. Thus, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the nano-CeO2/SnO2 material can be attributed to the excellent charge separation and electron transport for the reduction efficiency of the photogenerated charge carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using coprecipitation method, and characterization was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The size of these particles was found to be in the range from 20 to 100 nm, and these particles were used as nanoadsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions like chromium and copper from the artificial wastewater. Adsorption depends on the optimum conditions of parameters such as pH (2.5 and 6.5), contact time (60 and 80 minutes), and dosages at room temperature for chromium and copper that were observed with a removal efficiency of 92 %. These particles showed remarkable efficiency in removal of metals. Further, these particles were regenerated for reuse, and desorption was done using HCl and NaOH effluent for copper and chromium metals, respectively. The removals of pollutant enhanced with magnetic nanoparticles are evident with the obtained results. The separation factor (r) lies between 0 and 1, indicating favoring Langmuir isotherm for both chromium and copper ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic, cost-effective, heterojunction SnO2/ZnFe2O4nanocomposites were synthesized via. simple one-pot hydrothermal technique, and its phase formation, microstructure, morphology, chemical states and magnetism were examined by various characteristics. The photoconversion of mixed ligand involved cis-[CoIII(en)2(Im)Cl]Cl2 by SnO2/ZnFe2O4nanocomposite showed efficient catalytic activity compared to the bare SnO2 and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles under the wavelength of 254 nm and 365 nm in neat water and binary solvents system. SnO2/ZnFe2O4 heterojunction photocatalyst showed enhanced electron donor–acceptor capacitance and diminished the recombination of electron–hole (e−/h+) pairs and efficient generation of photogenerated reactive species. The rate constant (k) of SnO2/ZnFe2O4 (0.0540 s−1) is higher than that of the SnO2 (0.0160 s−1) and ZnFe2O4 (0.157 s−1) in H2O/PriOH (70:30%) than in remain solvents system in catalytic conversion of Co(III)/(II) system. The photoactive mechanism of Co(III) complex by SnO2/ZnFe2O4nanocomposite and its corresponding bare nanoparticles were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, cost-effective, environmentally friendly well-fabricated SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized via hydrothermal route and the photocatalytic activity was validated using the (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] complex under ultra-violet illumination. The structural features of (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] complex and catalysts were systematically examined by various characteristics. The photoreactivity of the model compound (NH3-trz)[Fe(dipic)2] in water/binary solvent systems was investigated. The rate of photoreaction (k) of nanocomposite (0.1432 s−1) is higher than the SnO2 (0.0373 s−1) and TiO2 (0.1422 s−1) in H2O:PriOH (70:30%) than the rest of the solvents system. The pathways, mechanistic feature of accumulated reactive species on nanocomposite to induce adherent [Fe(dipic)2]− anion and photo-reductive products were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates insight into how leaders could lead the rising waters of the Covid-19 pandemic with agility and compassion. Based on pertinent literature, leaders must redefine their leadership mindset to harness team behavioural change toward team dynamics in organizational resilience. Through phenomenological research of eight companies’ leaders, a proposed model was presented to define the behavioural shift that facilitates leaders in orientating team mindset while embracing compassion. The next normal needs of the organization on the change of leaders’ behaviour, implying that building unique and pleasing agile and compassionate practices would lead to an improved organizational team workplace. This focuses on leaders’ efforts to empower teams through a cohesive concept to enable long-term team success. The research contributes to the body of knowledge through its constructivist approach and identification of underlying team dynamics pivotal for organizational resilience.

A facile one-step co-precipitation approach was used in designing altered band gap energy nano SnO2 using stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O) and dimethyl oxalate as precursors. Microstructure of the materials was elucidated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman active modes at A1g + B1g + B2g + Eg indicate the tetragonal-rutile type, D4h point group and P42/mnm space group. Optical absorption near the band edge upon fitting in αhν = A(hν − Eg)n/2 yielded band gap energy of 3.2 eV. Luminescence studies demonstrate a strong dependence of defect induced emission at 380 nm. Time-decay curve of the nano SnO2 particles with an emission at 380 nm fits well to a triexponential function (I = ΣnAnexp(− t/τn)), containing a fast and slow processes with lifetime, 11.55 ns (τ1), 175.67 ns (τ2) and 0.62 ns (τ3). Cyclic voltammogram curves demonstrated quasi-rectangular shape with no redox peaks, due to the contribution of both electric double layer capacitance and Faradaic reactions. The photocatalytic efficiency of nano SnO2 was tested for degradation of malachite green oxalate dye: C52H54N4O12 + (nano SnO2/λ = 254 nm) + radical (·O2−, ·OH, ·OOH) → H2O + CO2. Nano SnO2 based sensor was tested toward ammonia gas at very low concentration. Regardless of concentration of the ammonia gas, the resistance recovers to the baseline level after stopping ammonia flow. The average time to reach 90% of the stable sensor signal (τ90) for the response is ~ 27 s and for recovery is ~ 54 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile co-precipitation technique was developed to prepare SnO2 nanoparticles using stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2⋅2H2O) and characterized. The photocatalytic efficiency of nano SnO2 was tested for degradation of Rhodamine B: C28H31ClN2O3 + (nano SnO2/λ = 254 nm) + reactive species (•O2−, •OH, •OOH) → H2O + CO2. In addition, mixture of Rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green oxalate (MGO) were selected as the dual dye system (model pollutants) and their influencing factors such as concentration of mixtures (RhB + MGO), catalyst dosage, intensity of light source (254 and 365 nm), pH were also studied. Blank experiment (without catalyst) and surface adsorption indicates that Rhodamine B degrades at relatively very slow rate with k = 2.30 × 10−3 min−1 and k = 2.4 × 10−3 min−1 respectively. However, nano SnO2 induces a large increment in degradation rate corresponding with k = 4.0 × 10−3 min−1 (RhB = 8.69 × 10−6 M, catalyst 50 mg/100 mL, λ = 254 nm) and mixed dyes kRhB = 18.96 × 10−3 min−1 and kMGO = 26.5 × 10−3 min−1 were obtained. Further, the reusability of the catalyst was sustained up to three cycles and verified with XRD pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new low-cost adsorbent such as sulphuric acid modifiedStrychnos potatorumseeds (SMSP) was employed for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution in batch and column modes. Results showed that the removal of Cr(VI) ions could be effectively removed with the SMSP in batch operation. Adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto SMSP followed the pseudo-first-order and Redlich–Peterson models in batch operation and Thomas model in column operation. Adsorption was more favourable at acidic pH of 2.0 with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 202.7 mg/g. NaOH was a better desorbing agent with the recovery of 93.245% of Cr(VI) ions. Column studies were optimized with various parameters such as bed height (2–10 cm), Cr(VI) ions concentration (50–250 mg/L) and flow rate (5–25 mL/min). According to the fact that SMSP-based adsorption process could be a promising technology for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There has been a huge increase in diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications over the last decade, predominantly in the middle- and low-income countries. In these countries, the majority live in rural areas. The Rural Epidemiology of Diabetes in South India (REDSI) study was aimed to analyze the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and its complications in rural farming and non-farming villages in Tamil Nadu, South India. A research survey on the prevalence of self-reported diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol and tobacco use) and agricultural occupational exposure was executed among 106,111 people from 61 villages in the state of Tamil Nadu, South India, during 2015–2018. Overall, we observed a diabetes prevalence of 11.9% in rural South India. A nearly two-fold higher prevalence of diabetes was observed among the farming community (15.0%) compared to that among the non-farming population (8.7%). Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong association with agrochemical exposure (P < 0.0001) and diabetes prevalence among rural farming people. Our survey indicates a high prevalence of diabetes in rural South India particularly among the farming community. This survey in conjunction with other epidemiological and experimental studies raises the need for understanding the etiology of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities.

Bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and are often associated with the hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT/Osler–Weber–Rendu) syndrome. We present a woman who presented with neurological symptoms due to a cerebral abscess. On further evaluation, bilateral pulmonary AVMs were identified. The patient was diagnosed with HHT, based on positive family history and multiple cerebral AVMs recognized on subsequent catheter angiogram, in addition to the presence of bilateral pulmonary AVMs. Craniotomy with drainage of the brain abscess and endovascular embolization of the pulmonary AVMs was offered to the patient. As a preembolization work-up, the patient underwent nuclear lung perfusion scan with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) to assess the right-to-left shunt secondary to the pulmonary AVMs. Postembolization follow-up perfusion scan was also obtained to estimate the hemodynamic response. The case is presented to describe the role of Tc-99m MAA perfusion lung scan in preoperatively evaluating patients with pulmonary AVMs and to emphasize on the scan's utility in posttreatment follow-up. Various present day usages of the Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan, other than diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, are discussed. Providing background knowledge on the physiological and hemodynamic aspects of the Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan is also attempted. Various imaging pitfalls and necessary precautions while performing Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan are highlighted.

This systematic review was designed to answer the following question: Does chitosan provide better smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy than other root canal irrigants? A literature search was done using electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO host, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey from inception to June 18, 2024. The reference lists of included articles were also hand-searched. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies' eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed data extraction. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias in the selected studies. The search retrieved 2330 studies. After analysis, 36 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included, with 19 involving smear layer removal, 16 involving antibacterial efficacy, and 1 involving both. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was medium. Chitosan removed the smear layer more effectively than citric acid and acetic acid, similar to MTAD and Qmix, with conflicting results against EDTA. In addition, chitosan demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to chlorhexidine, propolis, and photodynamic therapy but was less effective than sodium hypochlorite. Based on available evidence, it was found that chitosan provided better smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy than most root canal irrigants compared in this systematic review. There was substantial heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies. As a result, this review highly recommends further research using standardized methods to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as a root canal irrigant in in-vitro studies to validate its clinical use., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: Authors report no conflict of interest related to this study. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.)