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In this research, we introduce an effective electrode material, i.e. porous manganese oxide (Mn2O3) nanorods (NRs) prepared by simple hydrothermal process, designed for use in electrochemical supercapacitors. XRD analysis unequivocally confirms that the Mn2O3NRs possess a pure cubic crystalline structure with an Ia3space group, indicating the high degree of crystallinity and phase purity. Morphological examinations confirmed that the Mn2O3NRs display a distinct rod-like structure, featuring an average size of around 30 nm, underscoring their nanostructured characteristics. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized Mn2O3NRs as electrodes for supercapacitors was thoroughly examined, resulting in an impressive specific capacitance of 483 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was carried out to assess the effective series resistance (ESR), revealing a minimal resistance value of 3.2 Ω, highlighting excellent charge transfer kinetics. Mn2O3NRs electrode displayed exceptional capacitance retention even after undergoing 500 charge–discharge cycles at a high current density of 5 A/g, indicating their remarkable chemical stability as an electrode material. This study introduces a promising and scalable approach for the development of high-performance supercapacitors, with Mn2O3NRs as a critical component, and offers valuable insights into the design and engineering of advanced energy storage devices.