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Objective: To compare the rate of refractive growth (RRG3) of the crystalline lens (“lens”) versus the eye excluding the lens (“globe”) for the fellow, noncataractous eyes of participants in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 114 children who had unilateral cataract surgery as infants were recruited. Biometric and refraction data were obtained from the normal eyes at surgery and at 1, 5, and 10 years. Subjects were included if complete data (axial length [AL], corneal power, and refraction) were available at surgery and at 10 years of age. Methods: At surgery and at 1, 5, and 10 years, AL, corneal power, and cycloplegic refraction were measured in the normal eyes. For each eye, the RRG3 was defined by linear regression of refraction at the intraocular lens (IOL) plane against log10 (age + 0.6 years). The RRG3 for the globe was based on IOL power for emmetropia; the RRG3 for the lens was based on IOL power calculated to give the observed refractions. Intraocular lens powers were calculated with the Holladay 1 formula. The means were compared with a paired 2-tailed t test, and linear regression was used to look for a correlation between RRG3 of the lens globe. Main Outcome Measures: The RRG3 of the lens and globe. Results: Complete data were available for 107 normal eyes. The mean RRG3 of the lenses was −12.0 ± 2.5 diopters (D) and the mean RRG3 of the globes was −14.1 ± 2.7 D (P < 0.001). The RRG3 of the lens correlated with the RRG3 of the globe (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The RRG3 was 2 D more negative in globes compared with lenses in normal eyes. Globes with a greater rate of growth tended to have lenses with a greater rate of growth.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain (NP) significantly impacts quality of life and often coexists with affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. Addressing both NP and its psychiatric manifestations requires a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic options. This study aimed to review the main pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments for NP and comorbid affective disorders to describe their mechanisms of action and how they are commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: A review was conducted across five electronic databases, focusing on pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments for NP and its associated affective disorders. The following combination of MeSH and title/abstract keywords were used: "neuropathic pain," "affective disorders," "depression," "anxiety," "treatment," and "therapy." Both animal and human studies were included to discuss the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of these interventions. Results: Pharmacological interventions, including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, modulate neural synaptic transmission to alleviate NP. Topical agents, such as capsaicin, lidocaine patches, and botulinum toxin A, offer localized relief by desensitizing pain pathways. Some of these drugs, especially antidepressants, also treat comorbid affective disorders. Non‐pharmacological techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and photobiomodulation therapy, modulate cortical activity and have shown promise for NP and mood disorders. Conclusions: The interconnection between NP and comorbid affective disorders necessitates holistic therapeutic strategies. Some pharmacological treatments can be used for both conditions, and non‐pharmacological interventions have emerged as promising complementary approaches. Future research should explore novel molecular pathways to enhance treatment options for these interrelated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new tetracyclic morpholine-fused[5,1-c]-triazole, (4aS,5S,6aR,10aR,10bR)-5-methoxy-9,9-dimethyl-4a,5,6a,7,10a,10b-hexahydro-12H-[1,3]dioxino[4′,5′:5,6]pyrano[4,3-b][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazine, was synthesized via a five-step sequence starting from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside by using, as a key step, an intramolecular copper(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). The synthesized compound was fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is Mexico’s second leading cause of neonatal mortality. The 75% reduction in mortality due to RDS has been attributed to the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). A survey was conducted to determine the perception of the medical staff regarding the availability of nCPAP equipment and supplies in Mexican hospitals with neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: We sent a survey via e-mail to several neonatologists in each state of the country, requesting only one response per hospital. We performed statistical analysis with SPSS software. Results: We received 195 surveys from private (HPri) and public (HPub) hospitals with NICUs nationwide: 100% of HPri and 39% of HPub. More than 75% of the nursing and medical staff had received formal training in nCPAP in 11% of HPri and 5% of HPub. The perceived availability of CPAP equipment was 83.7% vs. 52.1%; nasal cannula supply, 75.5% vs. 36.3%; air/ oxygen blender availability, 51.0% vs. 32.9%, in HPri and HPub, respectively. The observed differences were statistically significant. Significant differences were also found among healthcare institutions. Conclusions: The availability of CPAP equipment and consumables between HPub and HPri is unbalanced and is lower in public institutions. Bubble CPAP is not included essential equipment in the national catalog of instruments and equipment for public hospitals, and its request is complicated. The training of CPAP staff and the availability of bubble CPAP and supplies in public hospitals should be improved.

A series of novel 1-N-α-d-glucopyranosyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole xanthines was synthesized from azido sugars (glucose, galactose, and lactose) and propargyl xanthines (theophylline and theobromine) using a typical copper (I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The corrosion inhibition activities of these new carbohydrate-xanthine compounds were evaluated by studying the corrosion of API 5 L X70 steel in a 1 M HCl medium. The results showed that, at 10 ppm, a 90% inhibition efficiency was reached by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibitory efficiency of these molecules is explained by means of quantum chemical calculations of the protonated species with the solvent effect, which seems to better represent the actual situation of the experimental conditions. Some quantum chemical parameters were analyzed to characterize the inhibition performance of the tested molecules.

A series of carbohydrate-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized in good yields from glucofuranose and allofuranose diacetonides using as key step a three-component 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition catalysed by a Cu–Al mixed oxide. In this multi-component reaction, Cu–Al mixed oxide/sodium ascorbate system serves as a highly reactive, recyclable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The reported protocol has significant advantages over classical CuI/N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) or CuSO4/sodium ascorbate conditions in terms of efficiency and reduced synthetic complexity. In addition, the selective deprotection of synthesized di-O-isopropylidene derivatives was also carried out leading to the corresponding mono-O-isopropylidene products in moderate yields. Some of the synthesized triazole glycoconjugates were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as fungus (Aspergillus niger) and yeast (Candida utilis). The results revealed that these compounds exhibit moderate to good antimicrobial activity mainly against Gram-negative bacteria.