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2,287 results on '"Albert-Ludwigs University"'

1. Estate in miniature: Maxim Gorky in Freiburg-Günterstal

Author: Elisabeth Cheauré and Albert-Ludwigs-University
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Maxim, Art history, Estate, Art, media_common
Abstract: Gorky’s discursive construction as a “proletarian writer” and “father of Socialist Realism” not seldom collides with his real biography, which for many years led him into a specific form of emigration. One of the stations led him to the German university town of Freiburg, more precisely to the small village of Günterstal near Freiburg, where Gorky lived from June to November 1923 and where — according to the thesis of the contribution — he cultivated a way of life that can be compared with the tradition of estate life: (1) strong hierarchical characteristics; (2) a typical form of sociability, determined by long-term stays of guests; (3) special forms of communication, which manifest themselves in a distinct culture of letters; (4) special experiences in the countryside areas, which are understood as — mostly desired and idyllic — counterpart (heterotopia) to urban life and as such are also reflected. At the same time, however, there is a fundamental difference between this estate and the surrounding “rural life” of the peasantry and the villages; the estate in turn forms a heterotopia with these.
Published: 2020
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2. Foreign Reports about Stepan Razin’s Execution. New Documents from the Stockholm Archive

Author: Riksbankens jubileumsfond, The Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences. Project No. RFP12-0055:1, Юбилейный фонд Шведского государственного банка (Riksbankens jubileumsfond), проект № RFP12-0055:1, А. В. Лаврентьев, Д. Уо, В. Б. Крысько, Kazakov, Gleb M.; Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br., Maier, Ingrid; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Riksbankens jubileumsfond, The Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences. Project No. RFP12-0055:1, Юбилейный фонд Шведского государственного банка (Riksbankens jubileumsfond), проект № RFP12-0055:1, А. В. Лаврентьев, Д. Уо, В. Б. Крысько, Kazakov, Gleb M.; Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br., and Maier, Ingrid; Uppsala University, Uppsala
Abstract: This paper analyzes reports written by foreign authors about the execution of Stepan Razin. The main focus is on two dispatches written by the Swedish citizen and merchant in Moscow, Christoff Koch, in May–June 1671 and sent to Narva, and from there, they were forwarded to the Swedish capital, among other places. They are now kept at the State Archives in Stockholm, and they have not been discussed previously in the scholarly literature. The paper contains the full translation into Russian of two long reports written by Koch about Razin’s capture, delivery to Moscow, interrogation, and execution, with our comments. Special attention is given to a unique colored drawing, showing the brothers, Stepan and Frol Razin, as well as the body parts of the executed Stepan. From the written documents it becomes clear that the drawing was sent from Moscow to the governor of Swedish Ingria in Narva, and then forwarded to Stockholm, together with the two Koch dispatches. The authors come to the conclusion that several copies must have been made and that they were intentionally distributed among foreigners in Moscow. Most probably only one copy has survived to our days, the one in Stockholm. Arguments are given for the hypothesis that one copy of the drawing ended up in England and served as the prototype for the well-known imprint of 1672, which shows the Razin brothers when they were being delivered to Moscow. In our study we also compare the information given by Koch with descriptions of Razin’s death that were published in West-European newspapers, pamphlets, and books during the 1670s. This comparison brings us to the conclusion that the information about the execution of the leader of the rebellion reached the European press from several witnesses to the events, and that, over time, the original information was filled out with invented details., В статье анализируются сообщения западноевропейских источников о казни Степана Разина. При этом в центре внимания находятся обнаруженные в стокгольмском Государственном архиве и до настоящего времени не введенные в научный оборот донесения шведского купца в Москве Кристофа Коха, отправленные им в мае–июне 1671 г. в Нарву, откуда они пересылались, в частности, в шведскую столицу. В статье приводится полный русский пере вод двух длинных писем Коха, посвященных поимке, допросу и казни Разина, с нашими комментариями. Особое внимание уделено уникальному раскрашенному рисунку, изображающему плененных Степана и Фрола Разиных и части тела казненного Степана. Из документов следует, что рисунок был отправлен из Москвы ингерманландскому губернатору в Нарве, а оттуда дальше в Стокгольм, вместе с двумя донесениями Коха. Авторы приходят к выводу, что подобных рисунков в Москве было сделано несколько, и что они специально распространялись среди иностранцев. По всей вероятности, только один экземпляр сохранился до наших дней, а именно в Стокгольме. Приводятся аргументы в пользу предположения, что один из рисунков оказался в Англии и там послужил прототипом для известной гра вюры 1672 г., изображающей братьев Разиных в момент доставки в Москву. В рамках исследования также проведено подробное сопоставление информации, сообщаемой в донесениях Коха, с рассказами о смерти Разина, опубликованными в западноевропейских газетах, брошюрах и книгах 1670-х гг. Такое сопоставление позволяет заключить, что сведения о казни главы восстания попадали в европейскую печать от нескольких информантов — свидетелей событий, причем эти рассказы со временем начинали обрастать вымышленными деталями.
Published: 2017

3. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe [Preprint]

Author: Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., 1, Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bialystok, Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Universität Leipzig, ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study [Uppsala], Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of biology, georgetown University, Washington DC, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Viscum Pollenanalys & Miljöhistoria, Nässjö, Sweden, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Wessex Archaeology [Salisbury], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Palaeobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Latvia (LU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Cologne, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain., Centre for Theoretical Studies, Charles University, Czechia (CTS), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, USA, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, European Project: 263735,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,TEC(2010), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany, Faculty of History and International Relations, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Department of Earth Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Salisbury, UK, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Institute of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republi, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia., Department of Quaternary Research, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Lund University [Lund], Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia., Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], IFP Energies Nouvelles, Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies Division, Rueil-Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., 3 Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Institute of History, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (Dafne), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISEM, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Anthropocene Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, CNRS, HNHP UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland., Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pre- and Early History and West Asian Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], López Sáez, José Antonio, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: Land-use changes, Ecology, black death pandemic, Humaniora: 000::Arkeologi: 090 [VDP], palaeoecological data, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, paleoecology, palynology, big data, paleoecology, Europe, big data, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, palynology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.So.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.So.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.)., The Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics., Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group, Estonian Research Council PRG323 PUT1173, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission FP7 263735 MSC 655659, Georgetown Environmental Initiative, Latvian Ministry of Education and Science LZP-2020/2-0060 LLNL-JRNL-820941, National Science Foundation (NSF) GSS-1228126, Polish-Swiss Research Programme 013/2010 086/2010, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N306 275635, Polish National Science Centre 2019/03/X/ST10/00849 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 2015/17/B/ST10/03430 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 N N304 319636, SCIEX 12.286, Spanish Government REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P FPU16/00676, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 421-2010-1570 2018-01272, Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly, Spanish Government RTI2018-101714-B-I00, OP RDE, MEYS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728
Published: 2022
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4. Determination of absorption cross-section of Si nanocrystals by two independent methods based on either absorption or luminescence

Author: Zacharias, M. [Faculty of Engineering, IMTEK, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg (Germany)]
Published: 2016
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5. Contact- and distance-based principal component analysis of protein dynamics

Author: Stock, Gerhard [Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)]
Published: 2015
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6. Seeding for sirtuins: microseed matrix seeding to obtain crystals of human Sirt3 and Sirt2 suitable for soaking

Author: Jung, Manfred [Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg (Germany)]
Published: 2015
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7. What Is the Required Certainty of Evidence for the Implementation of Novel Techniques for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Obstruction?

Author: Muhammad Imran Omar, Stavros Gravas, Christian Gratzke, Mauro Gacci, Thomas R. W. Herrmann, Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Kari A.O. Tikkinen, Charalampos Mamoulakis, M. Speakman, Malte Rieken, Taunton & Somerset Hospital, Taunton, UK, Service d'urologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence AOUC-Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy., Department of Urology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany., Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece., Urology Clinic, Spital Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland, Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany., Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK., University Hospital Basel [Basel], University of Helsinki, and Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, media_common.quotation_subject, Prostatic Hyperplasia, 030232 urology & nephrology, Context (language use), [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Lower urinary tract symptoms, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Medicine, Meaning (existential), Intensive care medicine, Set (psychology), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Test (assessment), Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Inclusion and exclusion criteria, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Context A large number of minimally invasive techniques have been developed for the surgical management of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) presumed to be secondary to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) over the last 3 decades. Many have not stood the test of time often because they were overpromoted before there were sufficient data. Objective The scope of this paper is to consider whether new devices, for the treatment of male LUTS/BPO, have been implemented prematurely in the past. We also examine the relative certainty of evidence (CoE) that is currently available for newer developing technologies and make recommendations about the CoE that should be demanded in the future before widespread implementation. Key messages This evidence must provide adequate length of follow-up to allow proper information to be provided for patients before treatment choices are made and to be able to create recommendations in high-quality guidelines such as those of the European Association of Urology. It is not just within the domain of LUTS treatments that this is important, other urological devices, such as mesh devices, have been equally “guilty” and likewise devices in most other (surgical) specialities. We believe that there is a need for a set of requirements built around primary randomised controlled trials (RCTs) looking at both efficacy and safety, and secondary studies to confirm the reproducibility and generalisability of the first pivotal studies. Otherwise, there is a danger that a single pivotal study can be overexploited by device manufacturers. Studies that are needed include (1) proof of concept, (2) RCTs on efficacy and safety, as well as (3) cohort studies with a broad range of inclusion and exclusion criteria to confirm both reproducibility and generalisability of the benefits and harms. It is not the purpose of this paper to make judgements about individual treatments but simply to look at different treatments to provide verification for this debate. Patient summary Many new treatment devices have been developed over the last 20–30 yr, often with inadequate medium- to long-term results. Many have not stood the test of time, but were heavily promoted by manufacturers, the press, and some doctors when they were first released, meaning that many patients had unsatisfactory results. This paper proposes minimum standards for the investigation of new treatments before their widespread promotion to patients.
Published: 2019
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8. Successful application of ancient DNA extraction and library construction protocols to museum wet collection specimens

Author: Axel Barlow, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Michael V. Westbury, Michaela Preick, Johanna L. A. Paijmans, Célio F. B. Haddad, Nikolas Basler, Mariana L. Lyra, Nicolas Straube, Johannes Penner, Michael Hofreiter, University Museum of Bergen, SNSB Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Braunschweig University of Technology, University of Potsdam, Museum für Naturkunde– Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, University of Copenhagen, Cambridge University, Rega Institute for Medical Research, and Nottingham Trent University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, Extinct species, biological collection, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Specimen Handling, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Target capture, Genetics, DNA, Ancient, ancient DNA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, archival DNA, single-stranded DNA library, Museums, target capture, Genetic data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, formalin, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, chemistry, Evolutionary biology, Archival dna, DNA, Biotechnology
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Millions of scientific specimens are housed in museum collections, a large part of which are fluid preserved. The use of formaldehyde as fixative and subsequent storage in ethanol is especially common in ichthyology and herpetology. This type of preservation damages DNA and reduces the chance of successful retrieval of genetic data. We applied ancient DNA extraction and single stranded library construction protocols to a variety of vertebrate samples obtained from wet collections and of different ages. Our results show that almost all samples tested yielded endogenous DNA. Archival DNA extraction was successful across different tissue types as well as using small amounts of tissue. Conversion of archival DNA fragments into single-stranded libraries resulted in usable data even for samples with initially undetectable DNA amounts. Subsequent target capture approaches for mitochondrial DNA using homemade baits on a subset of 30 samples resulted in almost complete mitochondrial genome sequences in several instances. Thus, application of ancient DNA methodology makes wet collection specimens, including type material as well as rare, old or extinct species, accessible for genetic and genomic analyses. Our results, accompanied by detailed step-by-step protocols, are a large step forward to open the DNA archive of museum wet collections for scientific studies. University Museum of Bergen SNSB Bavarian State Collection of Zoology Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Laboratório de Herpetologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Zoological Institute Braunschweig University of Technology Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Museum für Naturkunde– Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg Section for Evolutionary Genomics The GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Zoology Cambridge University Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology Rega Institute for Medical Research School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Laboratório de Herpetologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP FAPESP: #2013/50741-7 FAPESP: #2017/2616-8 FAPESP: #2018/15425-0 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: 351649567 CNPq: 431589/2016-0
Published: 2021
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9. Computational Applications in Secondary Metabolite Discovery (CAiSMD) : an online workshop

Author: Augustine B. Arreyetta-Bawak, Donatus B. Eni, Miquel Duran-Frigola, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Tilmann Weber, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Simeon Akame, Maria Sorokina, Thommas M. Musyoka, Raphael Onuku, Neann Mathai, Marnix H. Medema, Marilia Valli, Özlem Tastan Bishop, Smith B. Babiaka, Victor Chukwudi Osamor, Samuel Egieyeh, Vaishali M. Patil, Jutta Ludwig-Müller, Ana L. Chávez-Hernández, Yannick Djoumbou-Feunang, José L. Medina-Franco, Ludger A. Wessjohann, Conrad Stork, Serge A.T. Fobofou, Romuald Tematio Fouedjou, Oyere Tanyi Ebob, Paul F. Zierep, Johannes Kirchmair, Kiran K. Telukunta, Jonathan Alunge Metuge, Justin J. J. van der Hooft, Daniel M. Shadrack, Fidele Ntie-Kang, Boris D. Bekono, University of Buea, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Technische Universität Dresden, Tarunavadaanenasaha Muktbharatonnayana Samstha Foundation, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Covenant University, University of the Western Cape, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Corteva Agriscience, Friedrich Schiller University, Universität Hamburg, University of Bergen, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ersilia Open Source Initiative, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, University of Dschang, Catholic University of Central Africa, University of Yaoundé I, University of Maiduguri, University of Nigeria Nsukka, St. John’s University of Tanzania, Rhodes University, KIET Group of Institutions, Wageningen University, University of Vienna, Technical University of Denmark, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)
Subjects: Medical education, Internet resources, Bioinformatics, Web tools, Chemoinformatics, Information technology, Library and Information Sciences, Meeting Report, T58.5-58.64, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Computer Science Applications, Online workshop, Chemistry, Predictions, Round table, Bioinformatica, Metabolites, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Psychology, QD1-999
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst We report the major conclusions of the online open-access workshop “Computational Applications in Secondary Metabolite Discovery (CAiSMD)” that took place from 08 to 10 March 2021. Invited speakers from academia and industry and about 200 registered participants from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, and North America) took part in the workshop. The workshop highlighted the potential applications of computational methodologies in the search for secondary metabolites (SMs) or natural products (NPs) as potential drugs and drug leads. During 3 days, the participants of this online workshop received an overview of modern computer-based approaches for exploring NP discovery in the “omics” age. The invited experts gave keynote lectures, trained participants in hands-on sessions, and held round table discussions. This was followed by oral presentations with much interaction between the speakers and the audience. Selected applicants (early-career scientists) were offered the opportunity to give oral presentations (15 min) and present posters in the form of flash presentations (5 min) upon submission of an abstract. The final program available on the workshop website (https://caismd.indiayouth.info/) comprised of 4 keynote lectures (KLs), 12 oral presentations (OPs), 2 round table discussions (RTDs), and 5 hands-on sessions (HSs). This meeting report also references internet resources for computational biology in the area of secondary metabolites that are of use outside of the workshop areas and will constitute a long-term valuable source for the community. The workshop concluded with an online survey form to be completed by speakers and participants for the goal of improving any subsequent editions. Department of Chemistry University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Institute of Pharmacy Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 Institute of Botany Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b Tarunavadaanenasaha Muktbharatonnayana Samstha Foundation Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1 Department of Computer and Information Sciences Colege of Science and Technology Covenant University, Km. 10 Idiroko Rd School of Pharmacy University of the Western Cape South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit South African National Bioinformatics Institute University of the Western Cape Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Sao Paulo State University–UNESP Corteva Agriscience Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Center for Bioinformatics Universität Hamburg Department of Chemistry and Computational Biology Unit (CBU) University of Bergen Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics Albert-Ludwigs-University DIFACQUIM Research Group Department of Pharmacy School of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ersilia Open Source Initiative Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Programme in Computational Biology Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry University of Dschang Department of Immunology School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa, BP 7871 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Department of Physics Ecole Normale Supérieure University of Yaoundé I, BP. 47 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab Department of Microbiology Faculty of Sciences University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Department of Chemistry St. John’s University of Tanzania, P. O. Box 47 Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi) Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Computer Aided Drug Design Lab KIET Group of Institutions Bioinformatics Group Wageningen University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4 Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Sao Paulo State University–UNESP
Published: 2021
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10. The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences

Author: Forest Isbell, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra J. Wright, Alexandru Milcu, Christian Wirth, Alexandra Weigelt, Jasper van Ruijven, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Christiane Roscher, Yongfei Bai, Kathryn E. Barry, Liesje Mommer, Hans de Kroon, John Connolly, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Zurich, and Barry, Kathryn E
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biotic feedbacks, Evolution, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Complementarity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Feedback, Behavior and Systematics, Stress amelioration, Economics, Ecosystem, Biomass, Abiotic facilitation, 910 Geography & travel, Resource tracers, Resource partitioning, Bodembiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, Plant–soil feedback, Ecology, Plant Ecology, Soil Biology, Complementarity effect, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Complementarity (physics), 10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem functioning, Plant-soil feedback, Facilitation, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Monoculture, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., 'complementarity effect'). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.
Published: 2019
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11. Information‐Based Machine Learning for Tracer Signature Prediction in Karstic Environments

Author: Andreas Hartmann, B. Mewes, H. Oppel, Vera Marx, Oppel, H., 1 Institute of Hydrology, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany, Marx, V., 2 Chair of Hydrological Modeling and Water Resources Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany, and Hartmann, A.
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 551.48, Computer science, karst, Karst, information content, TRACER, hydrograph separation, Machine learning, Entropy (information theory), Statistical physics, entropy, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Karstic groundwater systems are often investigated by a combination of environmental or artificial tracers. One of the major downsides of tracer‐based methods is the limited availability of tracer measurements, especially in data sparse regions. This study presents an approach to systematically evaluate the information content of the available data, to interpret predictions of tracer concentration from machine learning algorithms, and to compare different machine learning algorithms to obtain an objective assessment of their applicability for predicting environmental tracers. There is a large variety of machine learning approaches, but no clear rules exist on which of them to use for this specific problem. In this study, we formulated a framework to choose the appropriate algorithm for this purpose. We compared four different well‐established machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machines, Extreme Learning Machines, Decision Trees, and Artificial Neural Networks) in seven different karst springs in France for their capability to predict tracer concentrations, in this case SO42− and NO3−, from discharge. Our study reveals that the machine learning algorithms are able to predict some characteristics of the tracer concentration, but not the whole variance, which is caused by the limited information content in the discharge data. Nevertheless, discharge is often the only information available for a catchment, so the ability to predict at least some characteristics of the tracer concentrations from discharge time series to fill, for example, gaps or increase the database for consecutive analyses is a helpful application of machine learning in data sparse regions or for historic databases., Key Points: Application of entropy and mutual information reveals the information content gap between discharge derived from joint tracer and discharge analyses. Understanding the information content of hydrological data enhances the interpretation of machine learning prediction results. Similarities in information could be used for regionalization of catchment characteristics of karst‐affected catchments., German Research Foundation (DFG
Published: 2020
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12. Araise awareness to extreme flood events in a context of lack of risk culture. The development of ORRION and CREDO-CRUE tools in the Rhine Graben (France – Germany – Switzerland)

Author: Martin, Brice, Furst, Benjamin, Glaser, Rüdiger, Giacona, Florie, Himmelsbach, Iso, Schönbein, Johannes, Meyer, Teva, Annette, Bösmeier, Centre de Recherches sur les Économies, les Sociétés, les Arts et les Techniques (CRESAT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut für Physische Geographie (IPG), Albert-Ludwigs University, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
Subjects: [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

13. Consistently dated Atlantic sediment cores over the last 40 thousand years

Author: Konrad A Hughen, Joel B Pedro, Carsten Rühlemann, Paul Cornils Knutz, Natalia Vázquez Riveiros, Trond Dokken, Mary Elliot, James A Collins, Ana Luiza Spadano Albuquerque, Silvia Osorio Nave, William E. N. Austin, Simon Jung, Julia Gottschalk, Joachim Schönfeld, Lukas Wacker, Wiem Fersi, Helge W Arz, Paolo Scussolini, Peter M Abbott, Frank Peeters, Laurence Vidal, Janne Repschläger, Syee Weldeab, Luke C Skinner, Emilia Salgueiro, Bernard Dennielou, Jorijntje Henderiks, Gesine Mollenhauer, Filipa Naughton, Aurélie Penaud, Claire Waelbroeck, Charlotte Skonieczny, Jean-Pascal Dumoulin, Jacques Giraudeau, David Van Rooij, Victoria L Peck, François Thil, Irka Hajdas, David Thornalley, Bryan C Lougheed, Jenny Roberts, Mélanie Wary, Anders E. Carlson, Delia W Oppo, Alex Dickson, Gema Martínez-Méndez, Samuel Toucanne, Rodrigo Costa Portilho-Ramos, Thomas M Marchitto, Maria Fernanda Sanchez Goñi, Christa Farmer, David C Lund, Linda Rossignol, Antje H L Voelker, Martin Ziegler, Susana Martin Lebreiro, Bruno Malaizé, Lise Missiaen, Dirk Nürnberg, Rosemarie E Came, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Stéphanie Desprat, Frédérique Eynaud, Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Particle Physics, Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ACROE - Ingénierie de la Création Artistique (ACROE-ICA), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Departamento de Geoquimica, Universidade Federal Fluminense [Rio de Janeiro] (UFF), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), IFREMER, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Paleobiology Program, Uppsala University, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Departamento de Geologia Marinha, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agricultural and Resource Economics Department, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géodynamique et enregistrement Sédimentaire - Geosciences Marines (GM-LGS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathematisches institut, Albert-Ludwigs University, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute, University of St Andrews. Coastal Resources Management Group, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, Skinner, Luke [0000-0002-5050-0244], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], NSF OCE grantsNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EW9209-1JPC, V29-202], FCTFundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [UID/Multi/04326/2019], European Project: 339108,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-ADG,ACCLIMATE(2014), Waelbroeck, Claire, Earth and Climate, Water and Climate Risk, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Géodynamique et enregistrement Sédimentaire (LGS), Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bjreknes Centre for Climate Research, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Chercheur indépendant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Hofstra University [Hempstead], Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire Environnements Sédimentaires - Géosciences Marines (GM/LES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of New Hampshire (UNH), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Vazquez Riveiros, Natalia [0000-0001-7513-153X], Hajdas, Irka [0000-0003-2373-2725], Arz, Helge [0000-0002-1997-1718], Gottschalk, Julia [0000-0002-0403-3059], Henderiks, Jorijntje [0000-0001-9486-6275], Hughen, Konrad [0000-0003-3201-934X], Mollenhauer, Gesine [0000-0001-5138-564X], Oppo, Delia [0000-0003-2946-5904], Thornalley, David [0000-0001-5885-5499], Voelker, Antje H. L. [0000-0001-6465-6023], Wary, Mélanie [0000-0001-5211-2168], and Weldeab, Syee [0000-0002-4829-5237]
Subjects: Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 3705 Geology, Palaeoclimate, MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, marine isotopic stage-3, Palaeoceanography, Ice core, sea-surface temperature, SDG 13 - Climate Action, DEEP-WATER, ICE-CORES, north-atlantic, Glacial period, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, GC, 0303 health sciences, PRODUCTIVITY, Statistics, GREENLAND, Computer Science Applications, Oceanography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, GC Oceanography, 704/106/413, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, data-descriptor, Geology, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, Climate Research, WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC, western tropical atlantic, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Library and Information Sciences, millennial-scale changes, Education, glacial period, 03 medical and health sciences, C-14 RESERVOIR AGES, CHANGES, Paleoclimatology, G1, Deglaciation, STAGE-3, productivity changes, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, c-14 reservoir ages, greenland ice-cores, deep-water, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 13 Climate Action, GLACIAL PERIOD, Ocean current, MARINE ISOTOPIC, 37 Earth Sciences, G Geography (General), DAS, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 14 Life Below Water, NORTH-ATLANTIC, 704/106/2738, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Environmental Sciences, Greenhouse gas, Probability and Uncertainty, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Rapid changes in ocean circulation and climate have been observed in marine-sediment and ice cores over the last glacial period and deglaciation, highlighting the non-linear character of the climate system and underlining the possibility of rapid climate shifts in response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. To date, these rapid changes in climate and ocean circulation are still not fully explained. One obstacle hindering progress in our understanding of the interactions between past ocean circulation and climate changes is the difficulty of accurately dating marine cores. Here, we present a set of 92 marine sediment cores from the Atlantic Ocean for which we have established age-depth models that are consistent with the Greenland GICC05 ice core chronology, and computed the associated dating uncertainties, using a new deposition modeling technique. This is the first set of consistently dated marine sediment cores enabling paleoclimate scientists to evaluate leads/lags between circulation and climate changes over vast regions of the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, this data set is of direct use in paleoclimate modeling studies., Design Type(s)modeling and simulation objective • data collection and processing objective • source-based data analysis objectiveMeasurement Type(s)age-depth modelTechnology Type(s)computational modeling techniqueFactor Type(s)geographic location • depthSample Characteristic(s)Atlantic Ocean • marine sediment Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Published: 2019
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14. Management of Urinary Retention in Patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author: Yuhong Yuan, Marcus J. Drake, Stephan Madersbacher, Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Malte Rieken, Muhammad Imran Omar, Thomas R. W. Herrmann, Charalampos Mamoulakis, Iason Kyriazis, Markos Karavitakis, M. Speakman, Mauro Gacci, Stavros Gravas, Christian Gratzke, Kari A.O. Tikkinen, Center of Minimal Invasive Urology Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece, Department of Urology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece., Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK., Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece., Service d'urologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), University of Bristol [Bristol], Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence AOUC-Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy., Department of Urology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany., Urology Clinic, Spital Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland, Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany., Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Taunton & Somerset Hospital, Taunton, UK, University of Helsinki, Division of Gastroenterology & Cochrane UGPD Group, Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada., and Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Subjects: Male, Tamsulosin, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, Treatment outcome, Prostatic Hyperplasia, 030232 urology & nephrology, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, Alfuzosin, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Prostatectomy, Supplementary data, urinary retention, prostate, Urinary retention, business.industry, General surgery, Urinary Retention, 3. Good health, Meta-analysis, Centre for Surgical Research, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, randomized controlled trial, Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists, Quinazolines, treatment outcome, medicine.symptom, Prostatic obstruction, Benign prostatic obstruction, Urinary Catheterization, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: CONTEXT: Practice patterns for the management of urinary retention (UR) secondary to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO; UR/BPO) vary widely and remain unstandardized.OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence for managing patients with UR/BPO with pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments included in the European Association of Urology guidelines on non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Search was conducted up to April 22, 2018, using CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. This systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies. Methods as detailed in the Cochrane handbook were followed. Certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Literature search identified 2074 citations. Twenty-one studies were included (qualitative synthesis). The evidence for managing patients with UR/BPO with pharmacological or nonpharmacological treatments is limited. CoE for most outcomes was low/very low. Only α1-blockers (alfuzosin and tamsulosin) have been evaluated in more than one RCT. Pooled results indicated that α1-blockers provided significantly higher rates of successful trial without catheter compared with placebo [alfuzosin: 322/540 (60%) vs 156/400 (39%) (odds ratio {OR} 2.28, 95% confidence interval {CI} 1.55 to 3.36; participants=940; studies=7; I2=41%; low CoE); tamsulosin: 75/158 (47%) vs 40/139 (29%) (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.29 to 4.45; participants=297; studies=3; I2=30%; low CoE)] with rare adverse events. Similar rates were achieved with tamsulosin or alfuzosin [51/87 (59%) vs 45/84 (54%) (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.41; participants=171; studies=2; I2=0%; very low CoE)]. Nonpharmacological treatments have been evaluated in RCTs/prospective comparative studies only sporadically.CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence that usage of α1-blockers (alfuzosin and tamsulosin) may improve resolution of UR/BPO. As most nonpharmacological treatments have not been evaluated in patients with UR/BPO, the evidence is inconclusive about their benefits and harms.PATIENT SUMMARY: There is some evidence that alfuzosin and tamsulosin may increase the rates of successful trial without catheter, but little or no evidence on various nonpharmacological treatment options for managing patients with urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic obstruction.
Published: 2019
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15. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author: Charles A. Nock, Helge Bruelheide, Forest Isbell, Nina Buchmann, Teja Tscharntke, Sebastian T. Meyer, Darren P. Giling, Fons van der Plas, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Eva Koller-France, Christian Wirth, Jes Hines, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Anja Vogel, Andreas Schuldt, Jana S. Petermann, Anne Ebeling, Holger Schielzeth, Christoph Scherber, Manfred Türke, Aletta Bonn, Helmut Hillebrand, Ulrich Brose, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Olga Ferlian, David A. Wardle, François Buscot, Nicole M. van Dam, Andrew D. Barnes, Hans de Kroon, Kathryn E. Barry, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Grégoire T. Freschet, Birgitta König-Ries, Nico Eisenhauer, Cameron Wagg, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra Weigelt, Jörg Müller, Christiane Roscher, Alexandru Milcu, Malte Jochum, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Inst Biodivers, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit [Szeged], Biological Research Centre [Szeged] (BRC), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Agroecology, DNPW, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Department of Chemistry, Hull University, University of Hull [United Kingdom], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Aarhus University [Aarhus], German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Technische Universitat Munchen, Institut für Biologie I, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Bavarian Forest National Park, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], European Project: 677232,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ECOWORM(2016), European Project: 265171,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,FUNDIVEUROPE(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Radboud university [Nijmegen]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, Eco-evolution, 11. Sustainability, Ecosystem, Landscape, Real-world biodiversity change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Biodiversity change, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Food web, Spatial scaling, 15. Life on land, Ecosystem functions, Management, Geography, Conceptual framework, 13. Climate action, Sustainable management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem management, Multifunctionality, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.
Published: 2019
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16. Improving the understanding of flood risk in the Alsatian region by knowledge capitalization: the ORRION participative observatory

Author: Florie Giacona, Brice Martin, Benjamin Furst, Rüdiger Glaser, Nicolas Eckert, Iso Himmelsbach, Charlotte Edelblutte, Luc Christiany, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centre de Recherches sur les Économies, les Sociétés, les Arts et les Techniques (CRESAT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut für Physische Geographie (IPG), Albert-Ludwigs University, and University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Documentation, Natural hazard, Common knowledge, 0601 history and archaeology, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Environmental planning, Risk management, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Land use, Flood myth, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Societal impact of nanotechnology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:Geology, Geography, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History
Abstract: Despite the strong societal impact of natural hazards, their documentation remains incomplete, with only a few inventories exceeding the past two centuries. Surprisingly enough, this also applies to Europe, a densely populated territory, and to floods, which along with storms is the most common and damage-causing natural hazard in this area. In addition, existing inventories have often been compiled by scientists and technicians and are used for risk management in a top-down manner, although the participation of all parties concerned has been recognized as a key factor for disaster reduction. To address this double paradox, the present article presents the regional flood risk observatory ORRION for the Alsatian region, northeastern France, and its very rich data content. Stemming from two successive interdisciplinary and transnational French-German research projects, ORRION was designed as a participative online platform where information is shared between individuals, stakeholders, engineers, and scientists. This original approach aims at maximizing knowledge capitalization and contributes to building a common knowledge base for flood risk. ORRION is organized by events including all river floods that have likely arisen from a single synoptic situation. For each event, it documents information sources, date of occurrence, causes, and consequences in terms of damage and affected river basins and municipalities. ORRION contributed toward renewing our knowledge of flood hazard and risk in the target area. Notably, here, long chronicles of floods are derived for 13 rivers, the Rhine and most of its main Alsatian tributaries, and for all Alsatian municipalities, most of them since the end of the 15th century, but over more than one millennium for the Rhine. Their main characteristics according to various typologies (seasonality, causes, severity, etc.) are analyzed. Major developments over the study period related to sources, land use, and/or climate change are identified. The advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed and the potential to expand both data exploitation and the building of common flood risk knowledge are listed.
Published: 2018
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17. La valeur patrimoniale des inondations. Un enjeu pour la culture du risque dans le fossé rhénan

Author: Brice Martin, Rüdiger Glaser, Charlotte Edelblutte, Benjamin Furst, Giacona Florie, Iso Himmelsbach, Nicolas Holleville, Johannes Schönbein, Marie - Claire Vitoux, Patrick Wassmer, Giacona, Florie, Centre de Recherches sur les Économies, les Sociétés, les Arts et les Techniques (CRESAT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut für Physische Geographie (IPG), Albert-Ludwigs University, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'embryologie cellulaire et moléculaire (LECM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

18. Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature

Author: Cornelia Sommer-Ruck, Michel Mb Toledano, Guido Kroemer, María Segovia, Christa Meisinger, Jens Nielsen, Stéphane Picot, Campbell W. Gourlay, Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz, Raffael Schaffrath, Manuela Côrte-Real, Richard Y. Zhao, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Frank Madeo, Zhaojie J Zhang, Maria A. Bauer, F-Nora Vögtle, Andrés Aguilera, Ali Gargouri, Kathryn R. Ayscough, Nicolas Fasel, Paula Ludovico, Maria João Sousa, Patrick Rockenfeller, Stéphen Manon, Johannes M. Herrmann, Dina Petranovic, Vítor Costa, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Nicoletta Guaragnella, Benedikt Westermann, Marc Blondel, Christophe Cullin, Lynn La Megeney, William Wc Burhans, Michael Breitenbach, Peter Polčic, Jürgen J. Heinisch, Thomas Heger, Katrina Kf Cooper, Tiago Tf Outeiro, Birthe Fahrenkrog, Stephan J. Sigrist, Antonio Barrientos, Andreas Zimmermann, Michael Chang, Paola Goffrini, Michael Mt Greenwood, Amir Sharon, Bing Zhou, Shoshana Bar-Nun, Sabrina Büttner, Ian W. Dawes, Rena Balzan, Karin Thevissen, Duccio Cavalieri, Eva Herker, Joris Winderickx, Tobias Eisenberg, Nicanor Austriaco, Ted Powers, Tobias Pendl, Kai-Uwe Fröhlich, Vladimir I. Titorenko, Stefan Wölfl, Martin Mb Dickman, Sebastian J. Hofer, Thomas Nyström, Sergio Giannattasio, Cristina Mazzoni, Johan Jm Thevelein, Silke Wissing, Mick F. Tuite, Peter Belenky, Heinz Hd Osiewacz, Mark Rinnerthaler, Helmut Jungwirth, Christoph Ruckenstuhl, Fedor Ff Severin, Mark Ramsdale, Enzo Martegani, Chris M. Grant, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Jörn Dengjel, Hay-Oak Park, Ralf J. Braun, Katharina Kainz, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Universidade do Minho, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, (IMB), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Department of Biochemistry - George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Molécules et cibles thérapeutiques (MCT), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BayerCropScience AG, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, CNR - Bari, Heinrich Pette Institute [Hamburg], Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften [Graz], University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho [Braga], Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Systems Biology, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Radicaux Libres, Substrats Énergétiques et Physiopathologie Cérébrale, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Synthèse de Molécules d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (SMITh), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Kassel [Kassel], Department of Cellular Machines, BioTechnological Center, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Concordia University [Montreal], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Kent [Canterbury], Q2S [NTNU], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-The Research Council of Norway, Functional Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Apoptose, cancer et immunité (U848), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Immunopathologie et immunointervention thérapeutique (CRC - Inserm U1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome]-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Albert-Ludwigs University, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU)-The Research Council of Norway, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Carmona-Gutierrez, D, Bauer, M, Zimmermann, A, Aguilera, A, Austriaco, N, Ayscough, K, Balzan, R, Bar-Nun, S, Barrientos, A, Belenky, P, Blondel, M, Braun, R, Breitenbach, M, Burhans, W, Buettner, S, Cavalieri, D, Chang, M, Cooper, K, Côrte-Real, M, Costa, V, Cullin, C, Dawes, I, Dengjel, J, Dickman, M, Eisenberg, T, Fahrenkrog, B, Fasel, N, Froehlich, K, Gargouri, A, Giannattasio, S, Goffrini, P, Gourlay, C, Grant, C, Greenwood, M, Guaragnella, N, Heger, T, Heinisch, J, Herker, E, Herrmann, J, Hofer, S, Jiménez-Ruiz, A, Jungwirth, H, Kainz, K, Kontoyiannis, D, Ludovico, P, Manon, S, Martegani, E, Mazzoni, C, Megeney, L, Meisinger, C, Nielsen, J, Nystroem, T, Osiewacz, H, Outeiro, T, Park, H, Pendl, T, Petranovic, D, Picot, S, Polčic, P, Powers, T, Ramsdale, M, Rinnerthaler, M, Rockenfeller, P, Ruckenstuhl, C, Schaffrath, R, Segovia, M, Severin, F, Sharon, A, Sigrist, S, Sommer-Ruck, C, Sousa, M, Thevelein, J, Thevissen, K, Titorenko, V, Toledano, M, Tuite, M, Voegtle, F, Westermann, B, Winderickx, J, Wissing, S, Woelfl, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, R, Zhou, B, Galluzzi, L, Kroemer, G, and Madeo, F
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Applied Microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, Regulated cell death, Apoptosis, Review, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, necrosis, Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), lcsh:QH301-705.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, reactive oxygen species, biology, Model organism, apoptosis, regulated cell death, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, accidental cell death, Necrosi, 3. Good health, caspases, autophagic cell death, Caspases, Reactive oxygen specie, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Programmed cell death, autophagy, caspase, mitotic catastrophe, model organism, Regulated necrosis, Computational biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, Necrosis, Accidental cell death, Virology, Genetics, Journal Article, Autophagy, Molecular Biology, Science & Technology, ved/biology, Apoptosi, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, Mitotic catastrophe, 030104 developmental biology, Autophagic cell death, lcsh:Biology (General), Parasitology, Guidelines, yeast, cell death, Reactive oxygen species
Abstract: Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cel-lular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the defi-nition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differ-ential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death rou-tines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the au-thors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the pro-gress of this vibrant field of research., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018
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19. Root Gravitropism Is Regulated by a Crosstalk between para-Aminobenzoic Acid, Ethylene, and Auxin

Author: Benedetto Ruperti, Philip Kochersperger, Hugues Nziengui, Hanna Lasok, Fabrice Rébeillé, Franck Anicet Ditengou, Klaus Palme, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Albert Ludwigs University, Baden-Württemberg Stiftung, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF SYSBRA, SYSTEC, Microsystems), Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments (EXC 294), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG SFB 746, INST 39/839,840,841), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR 50WB1022), Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Mutant, Gravitropism, PRECURSOR P-AMINOBENZOATE, PROTEIN, Endogeny, Plant Science, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biosynthesis, Auxin, DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH-RESPONSES, GENE FAMILY-MEMBERS, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, PLANT DEVELOPMENT, PHOSPHATE STARVATION, GLUCOSE ESTER, TRANSPORT, BIOSYNTHESIS, Arabidopsis, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, heterocyclic compounds, Transcription factor, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Signal transduction
Abstract: International audience; Plants respond to gravitational force through directional growth along the gravity vector. Although auxin is the central component of the root graviresponse, it works in concert with other plant hormones. Here, we show that the folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a key modulator of the auxin-ethylene interplay during root gravitropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In gravistimulated roots, PABA promotes an asymmetric auxin response, which causes the asymmetric growth responsible for root curvature. This activity requires the auxin response transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) and ARF19 as well as ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, indicating that PABA activity requires both auxin and ethylene pathways. Similar to ethylene, exogenous PABA reverses the agravitropic root growth of the auxin transport mutant pin-formed2 (pin2) and the auxin biosynthetic double mutant with loss of function of weak ethylene insensitive (wei) genes, wei8wei2, but not the pin2wei8wei2 triple mutant. This finding suggests that PABA regulates the ethylene-dependent reciprocal compensation between auxin transport and biosynthesis. Furthermore, manipulation of endogenous free PABA levels by modulating the expression of the gene encoding its glucosylation enzyme, UDP-GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASE75B1, impacts the root graviresponse, suggesting that endogenous free PABA levels may play a crucial role in modulating the auxin-ethylene cross talk necessary for root gravitropism.
Published: 2018
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20. Top canopy nitrogen allocation linked to increased grassland carbon uptake in stands of varying species richness

Author: Milcu, Alexandru, Gessler, Arthur, Roscher, Christiane, Rose, Laura, Kayler, Zachary, Bachmann, Dörte, Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin, Zavadlav, Saša, Galiano, Lucía, Buchmann, Tina, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Roy, Jacques, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Albert Ludwigs University, Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)
Subjects: Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Article, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Models predict that vertical gradients of foliar nitrogen (N) allocation, increasing from bottom to top of plant canopies, emerge as a plastic response to optimise N utilisation for carbon assimilation. While this mechanism has been well documented in monocultures, its relevance for mixed stands of varying species richness remains poorly understood. We used 21 naturally assembled grassland communities to analyse the gradients of N in the canopy using N allocation coefficients (K N ) estimated from the distribution of N per foliar surface area (KN-F) and ground surface area (KN-G). We tested whether: 1) increasing plant species richness leads to more pronounced N gradients as indicated by higher K N -values, 2) K N is a good predictor of instantaneous net ecosystem CO2 exchange and 3) functional diversity of leaf N concentration as estimated by Rao’s Q quadratic diversity metric is a good proxy of K N . Our results show a negative (for KN-G) or no relationship (for KN-F) between species richness and canopy N distribution, but emphasize a link (positive relationship) between more foliar N per ground surface area in the upper layers of the canopy (i.e. under higher KN-G) and ecosystem CO2 uptake. Rao’s Q was not a good proxy for either K N . ISSN:2045-2322
Published: 2017
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21. Tree diversity affects chlorophyllafluorescence and other leaf traits of tree species in a boreal forest

Author: Mariangela N. Fotelli, Ana Garcia Nogales, Charlotte Grossiord, Leena Finér, Arthur Gessler, Damien Bonal, Reto J. Strasser, Kalliopi Radoglou, Martina Pollastrini, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), ept Phys Chem & Nat Syst, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Institute, Forest Dynam, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Unit Environm Sci & Management, North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Marie Curie IEF fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF), European Project: 265171, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), North West University, University of Florence (UNIFI), Albert Ludwigs University, and 22074996 - Strasser, Reto Jörg
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Chlorophyll, Specific leaf area, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], canopée, fluorescence chlorophyllienne, Plant Science, Photosynthetic efficiency, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, forêt mixte, Trees, Species composition, PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION, peuplement monospécifique, Mixed forest, pure forest stand, Botany, boreal forest, Photosynthesis, SCOTS PINE, ELECTRON-TRANSPORT, canopy, EUROPEAN FORESTS, biology, peuplement forestier pur, Chlorophyll A, Crown (botany), WATER AVAILABILITY, FunDivEUROPE, Picea abies, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, ISOTOPE COMPOSITION, Betula pendula, JUVENILE BEECH, Photosynthetic acclimation, FAGUS-SYLVATICA L, PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L, forêt boréale, Species richness, DROUGHT STRESS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: An assemblage of tree species with different crown properties creates heterogeneous environments at the canopy level. Changes of functional leaf traits are expected, especially those related to light interception and photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) properties in dark-adapted leaves, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content (N) and carbon isotope composition (delta C-13) were measured on Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula pendula Roth. in monospecific and mixed boreal forests in Europe, in order to test whether they were affected by stand species richness and composition. Photosynthetic efficiency, assessed by induced emission of leaf ChlF, was positively influenced in B. pendula by species richness, whereas P. abies showed higher photosynthetic efficiency in monospecific stands. Pinus sylvestris had different responses when it coexisted with P. abies or B. pendula. The presence of B. pendula, but not of P. abies, in the forest had a positive effect on the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport and N in P. sylvestris needles, and the photosynthetic responses were positively correlated with an increase of leaf d 13C. These effects on P. sylvestris may be related to high light availability at the canopy level due to the less dense canopy of B. pendula.The different light requirements of coexisting species was the most important factor affecting the distribution of foliage in the canopy, driving the physiological responses of the mixed species.Future research directions claim to enhance the informative potential of the methods to analyse the responses of pure and mixed forests to environmental factors, including a broader set of plant species' functional traits and physiological responses.
Published: 2017
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22. Species interactions increase the temporal stability of community productivity in Pinus sylvestris-Fagus sylvaticamixtures across Europe

Author: Jan den Ouden, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Viktor Kurylyak, Hans Pretzsch, Michael Heym, Quentin Ponette, Peter Annighöfer, Miren del Río, Jerzy Skrzyszewski, Václav Hurt, Ekaterina Madrickiene, Hubert Sterba, Vít Šrámek, Frits Mohren, Marek Fabrika, Gerhard Schütze, Kamil Bielak, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Gediminas Brazaitis, Ignacio Barbeito, David I. Forrester, Dejan Stojanović, Evy Ampoorter, Maciej Pach, Miroslav Svoboda, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Fabio Lombardi, Bratislav Matović, Lars Drössler, Renzo Motta, Magnus Löf, Lluís Coll, Dept Silviculture & Forest Management, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Sustainable Forest Management Res, Universitad de Valladolid, Chair Forest Growth & Yield Sci, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Forest & Nat Lab, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Dept Silviculture, Forest Research Institute, Inst Forest Biol & Silviculture, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Dept Agr & Forest Engn, Universitat de Lleida, Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Management & Geodesy, Technical University of Zvolen, Chair Silviculture, Albert Ludwigs University, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Dipartimento AGR, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Inst Lowland Forestry & Environm, University of Novi Sad, Forest Ecol & Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Dept Agr Forest & Food Sci DISAFA, University of Turin, Inst Forest Ecol & Silviculture, Dept Silviculture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Fac Biosci Engn, Université Catholique de Louvain, Forestry and Game Management Research, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Czech University of Life Science, COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR, Spanish project AGL2014-51964-C2-2-R, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NUBiP), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, and Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], PURE STANDS, Plant Science, Organizational levels, 01 natural sciences, pinus sylvestris, Basal area, stabilité temporelle, MAXIMUM STAND DENSITY, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, NORWAY SPRUCE, FOREST PRODUCTIVITY, PE&RC, niche, Productivity (ecology), Niche complementarity, europe, Mixed-species forests, Asynchrony, Population, fagus sylvatica, 010603 evolutionary biology, interaction entre espèces, SUMMER DROUGHT, productivité, Fagus sylvatica, european beech, BOREAL FORESTS, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, education, SCOTS PINE, Beech, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Scots pine, Temporal variability, Species diversity, TREE DIVERSITY, Overyielding, MIXED STANDS, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, BEECH, Plant-plant interactions, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that species diversity enhances the temporal stability (TS) of community productivity in different ecosystems, although its effect at the population and tree levels seems to be negative or neutral. Asynchrony in species responses to environmental conditions was found to be one of the main drivers of this stabilizing process. However, the effect of species mixing on the stability of productivity, and the relative importance of the associated mechanisms, remain poorly understood in forest communities. We investigated the way mixing species influenced the TS of productivity in Pinus sylvestris L.;Fagus sylvatica L. forests, and attempted to determine the main drivers among overyielding, asynchrony between species annual growth responses to environmental conditions, and temporal shifts in species interactions. We used a network of 93 experimental plots distributed across Europe to compare the TS of basal area growth over a 15-year period (1999–2013) in mixed and monospecific forest stands at different organizational levels, namely the community, population and individual tree levels. Mixed stands showed a higher TS of basal area growth than monospecific stands at the community level, but not at the population or individual tree levels. The TS at the community level was related to asynchrony between species growth in mixtures, but not to overyielding nor to asynchrony between species growth in monospecific stands. Temporal shifts in species interactions were also related to asynchrony and to the mixing effect on the TS. Synthesis. Our findings confirm that species mixing can stabilize productivity at the community level, whereas there is a neutral or negative effect on stability at the population and individual tree levels. The contrasting findings regarding the relationships between the temporal stability and asynchrony in species growth in mixed and monospecific stands suggest that the main driver in the stabilizing process may be the temporal niche complementarity between species rather than differences in species’ intrinsic responses to environmental conditions. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2016 British Ecological Society
Published: 2017
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23. Generalized biomass and leaf area allometric equations for European tree species incorporating stand structure, tree age and climate

Author: I. H. H. Tachauer, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Somidh Saha, Gudeta W. Sileshi, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Ignacio Barbeito, Giorgio Vacchiano, Hans Pretzsch, Tamalika Chakraborty, Hendrik Stark, Peter Annighoefer, David I. Forrester, Snow & Landscape Res, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Chair Silviculture, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Chair Forest Growth & Yield Sci, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Abt Waldbau & Waldokol Gemassigten Zonen, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Silviculture & Forest Syst Management, CIFOR Forest Res Ctr, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Sustainable Forest Management Res Inst IuFOR, Universitad de Valladolid, Joint Res Ctr, Directorate D, Sustainable Resources Bioecon Unit, Commission of the European Communities, Dept Silviculture, Forest Research Institute, Chair Site Classificat & Vegetat Sci, Inst Technol Assessment & Syst Anal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Plot 1244, Heisenberg Fellowship from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) FO 791/4-1, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Albert Ludwigs University, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, leaf area, Monitoring, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Specific leaf area, Allometry, Forest growth, Pseudo-observations, Shade tolerance, Wood density, Forestry, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Tree allometry, UNITED-STATES, Introduced species, MARITIME PINE, Biology, surface foliaire, forêt européenne, 01 natural sciences, QUERCUS-ILEX, WOODY BIOMASS, biomasse, SECONDARY FORESTS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), Policy and Law, PINUS-PINASTER AIT, Ecology, Edaphic, SOUTHERN CHINA, 15. Life on land, Management, Productivity (ecology), FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS, contrainte édaphique, équation allométrique, variabilité génétique intraspécifique, 010606 plant biology & botany, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS
Abstract: Biomass and leaf area equations are often required to assess or model forest productivity, carbon stocks and other ecosystem services. These factors are influenced by climate, age and stand structural attributes including stand density and tree species diversity or species composition. However, such covariates are rarely included in biomass and leaf area equations. We reviewed the literature and built a database of biomass and leaf area equations for 24 European tree species and 3 introduced species. The final dataset contained 973 equations. Most of the equations were site-specific and therefore restricted to the edaphic, climatic and stand structural conditions of the given site. To overcome this limitation, the database was used to develop regional species-specific equations that can be used in a wide range of stands and to quantify the effects of climate, age and stand structure on biomass or leaf area. The analysis showed considerable inter- and intra-specific variability in biomass relationships. The intra-specific variability was related to climate, age or stand characteristics, while the inter-specific variability was correlated with traits such as wood density, specific leaf area and shade tolerance. The analysis also showed that foliage mass is more variable than stem or total aboveground biomass, both within and between species, and these biomass components have contrasting responses to age and changes in stand structure. Despite the large number of published equations, many species are still not well represented. Therefore, generic equations were developed that include species-specific wood density instead of species identity. Further improvements may be possible if future studies quantify the stand structure of individual tree neighbourhoods instead of using the stand means for all trees sampled with the given stand. © 2017 The Authors
Published: 2017
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24. Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: Patterns, mechanisms, and open questions

Author: Pascal A. Niklaus, Anke Hildebrandt, Gerd Gleixner, Sebastian T. Meyer, Jacques Roy, Christoph Scherber, Wolfgang Wilcke, Guangjuan Luo, Teja Tscharntke, Sophia Leimer, Christine Fischer, Helmut Hillebrand, François Buscot, Stefan Halle, Eric Allan, Markus Lange, Stefan Scheu, Michael Wachendorf, Alexandru Milcu, Hans de Kroon, Christof Engels, Christian Wirth, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Liesje Mommer, Romain L. Barnard, Raphaël Proulx, Arthur Gessler, Xavier Le Roux, Christiane Roscher, Anne Ebeling, Markus Fischer, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Nina Buchmann, Cameron Wagg, Holger Beßler, Bernhard Schmid, Alexandra Weigelt, Nico Eisenhauer, Yvonne Oelmann, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, University of Bern, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit [Szeged], Biological Research Centre [Szeged] (BRC), Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Chair of Hydrogeology, Institute for Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroecology, DNPW, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Biologie I, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Department Biogeochemical Processes [Jena], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR 456, FOR 1451], Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [FOR 456, FOR 1451], Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS-gBGC), Technische Universitat Munchen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écotron Européen de Montpellier - UPS 3248, Albert Ludwigs University, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography & travel, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Complementarity, Biology, 580 Plants (Botany), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Selection effect, Biomass, Nutrient cycling, Carbon storage, Multi-trophic interactions, Ecosystem engineer, Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem, Ecosystem diversity, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ddc:910, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Plant Ecology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Body size and species richness, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, ddc, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Selectioneffect, Nutrientcycling, Carbonstorage, Multi-trophicinteractions, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most of which focussed on a limited set of ecosystem variables. The Jena Experiment was set up in 2002 to investigate the effects of plant diversity on element cycling and trophic interactions, using a multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review the results of 15 years of research in the Jena Experiment, focussing on the effects of manipulating plant species richness and plant functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from the plant diversity plots, the Jena Experiment has allowed answering fundamental questions important for functional biodiversity research.[br/] First, the question was how general the effect of plant species richness is, regarding the many different processes that take place in an ecosystem. About 45% of different types of ecosystem processes measured in the 'main experiment', where plant species richness ranged from 1 to 60 species, were significantly affected by plant species richness, providing strong support for the view that biodiversity is a significant driver of ecosystem functioning. Many measures were not saturating at the 60-species level, but increased linearly with the logarithm of species richness. There was, however, great variability in the strength of response among different processes. One striking pattern was that many processes, in particular belowground processes, took several years to respond to the manipulation of plant species richness, showing that biodiversity experiments have to be long-term, to distinguish trends from transitory patterns. In addition, the results from the Jena Experiment provide further evidence that diversity begets stability, for example stability against invasion of plant species, but unexpectedly some results also suggested the opposite, e.g. when plant communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability. This highlights the need to revisit diversity-stability theory.[br/] Second, we explored whether individual plant species or individual plant functional groups, or biodiversity itself is more important for ecosystem functioning, in particular biomass production. We found strong effects of individual species and plant functional groups on biomass production, yet these effects mostly occurred in addition to, but not instead of, effects of plant species richness.[br/] Third, the Jena Experiment assessed the effect of diversity on multitrophic interactions. The diversity of most organisms responded positively to increases in plant species richness, and the effect was stronger for above-than for belowground organisms, and stronger for herbivores than for carnivores or detritivores. Thus, diversity begets diversity. In addition, the effect on organismic diversity was stronger than the effect on species abundances.[br/] Fourth, the Jena Experiment aimed to assess the effect of diversity on N, P and C cycling and the water balance of the plots, separating between element input into the ecosystem, element turnover, element stocks, and output from the ecosystem. While inputs were generally less affected by plant species richness, measures of element stocks, turnover and output were often positively affected by plant diversity, e.g. carbon storage strongly increased with increasing plant species richness. Variables of the N cycle responded less strongly to plant species richness than variables of the C cycle.[br/] Fifth, plant traits are often used to unravel mechanisms underlying the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship. In the Jena Experiment, most investigated plant traits, both above-and belowground, were plastic and trait expression depended on plant diversity in a complex way, suggesting limitation to using database traits for linking plant traits to particular functions.[br/] Sixth, plant diversity effects on ecosystem processes are often caused by plant diversity effects on species interactions. Analyses in the Jena Experiment including structural equation modelling suggest complex interactions that changed with diversity, e.g. soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emission were affected by changes in the composition and activity of the belowground microbial community. Manipulation experiments, in which particular organisms, e.g. belowground invertebrates, were excluded from plots in split-plot experiments, supported the important role of the biotic component for element and water fluxes.[br/] Seventh, the Jena Experiment aimed to put the results into the context of agricultural practices in managed grasslands. The effect of increasing plant species richness from 1 to 16 species on plant biomass was, in absolute terms, as strong as the effect of a more intensive grassland management, using fertiliser and increasing mowing frequency. Potential bioenergy production from high-diversity plots was similar to that of conventionally used energy crops. These results suggest that diverse 'High Nature Value Grasslands' are multifunctional and can deliver a range of ecosystem services including production-related services.[br/] A final task was to assess the importance of potential artefacts in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, caused by the weeding of the plant community to maintain plant species composition. While the effort ( in hours) needed to weed a plot was often negatively related to plant species richness, species richness still affected the majority of ecosystem variables. Weeding also did not negatively affect monoculture performance; rather, monocultures deteriorated over time for a number of biological reasons, as shown in plant-soil feedback experiments.[br/] To summarize, the Jena Experiment has allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the functional role of biodiversity in an ecosystem. A main challenge for future biodiversity research is to increase our mechanistic understanding of why the magnitude of biodiversity effects differs among processes and contexts. It is likely that there will be no simple answer. For example, among the multitude of mechanisms suggested to underlie the positive plant species richness effect on biomass, some have received limited support in the Jena Experiment, such as vertical root niche partitioning. However, others could not be rejected in targeted analyses. Thus, from the current results in the Jena Experiment, it seems likely that the positive biodiversity effect results from several mechanisms acting simultaneously in more diverse communities, such as reduced pathogen attack, the presence of more plant growth promoting organisms, less seed limitation, and increased trait differences leading to complementarity in resource uptake. Distinguishing between different mechanisms requires careful testing of competing hypotheses. Biodiversity research has matured such that predictive approaches testing particular mechanisms are now possible.
Published: 2017
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25. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for Lyme neuroborreliosis in children: a systematic review

Author: Dersch, Rick, Hottenrott, Tilman, Schmidt, Stefanie, Sommer, Harriet, Huppertz, Hans-Iko, Rauer, Sebastian, Meerpohl, Joerg, German Cochrane Centre, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Department of Neurology - University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University Medical Center, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This article was funded by the German Academy of Neurology and the Medical Center – University of Freiburg. The article processing charge was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg in the funding programme Open Access Publishing., Bodescot, Myriam, Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg = University Medical Center Freiburg (Uniklinik), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and University of Freiburg Medical Center
Subjects: Clinical Neurology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Research Article
Abstract: Background Many aspects of pharmacological treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis in children, such as choice of drug, dosage, and duration are subject to intense debates, leading to uncertainties in patients’ parents and healthcare providers alike. To assess the available evidence for pharmacological treatment for children with Lyme neuroborreliosis we conducted a systematic review. Methods The comprehensive systematic literature search included randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) on treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis in children (age
Published: 2016
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26. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author: Harriet Milligan, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, Lander Baeten, Santiago Soliveres, Peter Manning, Tommaso Jucker, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Hervé Jactel, Arthur Gessler, Olivier Bouriaud, Andrea Coppi, Fons van der Plas, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Damien Bonal, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Diem Nguyen, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Monique Carnol, Dawid Zielinski, Christian Wirth, David A. Coomes, Lars Vesterdal, Leena Finér, Timo Domisch, Jan Stenlid, Virginie Guyot, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Helge Bruelheide, Julia Koricheva, Adam Benneter, Fernando Valladares, Eric Allan, Sophia Ratcliffe, Federico Selvi, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, Christina C. Bestias, André Granier, François-Xavier Joly, Seid Muhie Dawud, Martina Pollastrini, Charlotte Grossiord, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Markus Fischer, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Gessler, Arthur [0000-0002-1910-9589], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Dynam, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gastroentérologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), European Commission, Allan, Eric [0000-0001-9641-9436], Albert Ludwigs University, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Hôpital Beaujon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Allan, Eric
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Databases, Factual, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Homogenization (climate), Biodiversity, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Corrections, Models, Biological, Environmental science, Trees, β-diversity, Ecosystem functioning, FunDivEUROPE, Spatial scale, Multidisciplinary, Ecosystem, Computer Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spatial scale, Ecology, Beta-diversity, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Europe, Geography, Medio Ambiente, ecosystem functioning, Species richness, Tree species
Abstract: Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality., The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171.
Published: 2016
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27. Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability

Author: Hubert Sterba, Jerzy Skrzyszewski, Gediminas Brazaitis, J. den Ouden, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Kris Verheyen, Gerhard Schütze, Bratislav Matović, Fabio Lombardi, Renzo Motta, Frits Mohren, Peter Annighöfer, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Ch. Ammer, Magnus Löf, Lluís Coll, Admir Avdagić, Ignacio Barbeito, Viktor Kurylyak, Maciej Pach, Hans Pretzsch, Miroslav Svoboda, Marek Fabrika, Vít Šrámek, Quentin Ponette, M. del Río, Kamil Bielak, David I. Forrester, Lars Drössler, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universitad de Valladolid, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Sarajevo, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Universitat de Lleida, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, University of Novi Sad, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Turin, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Forestry and Game Management Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Czech University of Life Science, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Forest Research Institute, COST Action EuMIXFOR (FP1206-160714-045064), Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture, and Forestry (7831-22209-2013), German Science Foundation (PR 292/12-1), Spanish project (AGL2014-51964-C2-2-R), Technische Universitat Munchen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Technical University of Zvolen, Albert Ludwigs University, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Université Catholique de Louvain, and Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, structure du peuplement, Monitoring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stand density, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, fagus sylvatica, disponibilité en eau, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multiplicative mixing effect, Fagus sylvatica, european beech, Additive mixing effect, Morphological variability, Overyielding, Tree size inequality, Forestry, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, pin sylvestre, arbre forestier feuillu, peuplement forestier melange, Shade tolerance, Beech, Mixing (physics), mixed forest stand, biology, Policy and Law, Ecology, arbre forestier résineux, Scots pine, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, biology.organism_classification, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Structural heterogeneity, Management, Productivity (ecology), Environmental science, Monoculture, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. This may be achieved by a higher heterogeneity in stand structure which is often addressed but rarely quantified. Here, we use 32 triplets of mature and fully stocked monocultures and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) located along a productivity and water availability gradient through Europe to examine how mixing modifies the stand structure in terms of stand density, horizontal tree distribution pattern, vertical stand structure, size distribution pattern, and variation in tree morphology. We further analyze how site conditions modify these aspects of stand structure. For this typical mixture of a light demanding and shade tolerant species we show that (i) mixing significantly increases many aspects of structural heterogeneity compared with monocultures, (ii) mixing effects such as an increase of stand density and diversification of vertical structure and tree morphology are caused by species identity (additive effects) but also by species interactions (multiplicative effects), and (iii) superior heterogeneity of mixed stands over monocultures can increase from dry to moist sites. We discuss the implications for analyzing the productivity, for modelling and for the management of mixed species stands. The networking in this study has been supported by COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR. All contributors thank their national funding institutions and the woodland owners for agreeing to establish, measure, and analyze data from the triplets. The first author also thanks the Bayerischen Staatsforsten (BaySF) for supporting the establishment of the plots, the Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture, and Forestry for permanent support of the project W 07 “Long-term experimental plots for forest growth and yield research” (# 7831-22209-2013) and the German Science Foundation for providing the funds for the projects PR 292/12-1 “Tree and stand-level growth reactions on drought in mixed versus pure forests of Norway spruce and European beech”. The second author thanks the COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR for funding the STSM FP1206-160714-045064, and the Spanish project AGL2014-51964-C2-2-R.
Published: 2016
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28. Nitrate sinks and sources as controls of spatio-temporal water quality dynamics in an agricultural headwater catchment

Author: Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Tobias Schuetz, Patrick Durand, Markus Weiler, Schuetz, T., Chair of Hydrology, University of Freiburg, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), German Research Foundation (DFG), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg in the funding programme Open Access Publishing, and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Watershed, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, STREAMS, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:TD1-1066, Sink (geography), chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Nitrate, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:T, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:G, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Water quality
Abstract: Several controls are known to affect water quality of stream networks during flow recession periods, such as solute leaching processes, surface water–groundwater interactions as well as biogeochemical in-stream turnover processes. Throughout the stream network, combinations of specific water and solute export rates and local in-stream conditions overlay the biogeochemical signals from upstream sections. Therefore, upstream sections can be considered functional units which could be distinguished and ordered regarding their relative contribution to nutrient dynamics at the catchment outlet. Based on snapshot sampling of flow and nitrate concentrations along the stream in an agricultural headwater during the summer flow recession period, we determined spatial and temporal patterns of water quality for the whole stream. A data-driven, in-stream-mixing-and-removal model was developed and applied for analysing the spatio-temporal in-stream retention processes and their effect on the spatio-temporal fluxes of nitrate from subcatchments. Thereby, we have been able to distinguish quantitatively between nitrate sinks, sources per stream reaches, and subcatchments, and thus we could disentangle the overlay of nitrate sink and source signals. For nitrate sources, we determined their permanent and temporal impact on stream water quality and for nitrate sinks, we found increasing nitrate removal efficiencies from upstream to downstream. Our results highlight the importance of distinct nitrate source locations within the watershed for in-stream concentrations and in-stream removal processes, respectively. Thus, our findings contribute to the development of a more dynamic perception of water quality in streams and rivers concerning ecological and sustainable water resource management.
Published: 2016
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29. Nuclear cathepsin D enhances TRPS1 transcriptional repressor function to regulate cell cycle progression and transformation in human breast cancer cells

Author: Bach, Anne-Sophie, Derocq, Danielle, Laurent-Matha, Valérie, Montcourrier, Philippe, Sebti, Salwa, Orsetti, Béatrice, Theillet, Charles, Gongora, Céline, Pattingre, Sophie, Ibing, Eva, Roger, Pascal, Linares, Laetitia, Reinheckel, Thomas, Meurice, Guillaume, Kaiser, Frank, Gespach, Christian, Liaudet-Coopman, Emmanuelle, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universität zu Lübeck [Lübeck], Service de Pathologie [CHU Nîmes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Plateforme de Génomique [Gustave Roussy], Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse (AMMICa), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work was supported by the ‘Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale’, University of Montpellier, the associations ‘Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer’, Ligue Régionale du Languedoc Roussillon’ and ‘Ligue Régionale de la Charente Maritime’, the CHEMORES consortium (EU FP6, grant number: LSHCCT-2007-037665). Thomas Reinheckel was supported by SFB 850 project B7., UNICANCER - Institut régional du Cancer [Montpellier] (ICM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Université de Montpellier (UM), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Oncologie Médicale [CHU Saint -Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et physiopathologie des cellules épithéliales, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Albert-Ludwigs University, Department of Neurology, Linares, Laetitia, Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Transcription, Genetic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunoblotting, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, confocal microscopy, Cathepsin D, yeast-two hybrid, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Two-Hybrid System Techniques, BAT3, Humans, GATA-factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cell Proliferation, Cell Nucleus, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression Profiling, Cell Cycle, Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, PTHrP promoter, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Repressor Proteins, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Receptors, Estrogen, MCF-7 Cells, RNA Interference, Molecular Chaperones, Protein Binding, Transcription Factors, Research Paper
Abstract: International audience; The lysosomal protease cathepsin D (Cath-D) is overproduced in breast cancer cells (BCC) and supports tumor growth and metastasis formation. Here, we describe the mechanism whereby Cath-D is accumulated in the nucleus of ERα-positive (ER+) BCC. We identified TRPS1 (tricho-rhino-phalangeal-syndrome 1), a repressor of GATA-mediated transcription, and BAT3 (Scythe/BAG6), a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling chaperone protein, as new Cath-D-interacting nuclear proteins. Cath-D binds to BAT3 in ER+ BCC and they partially co-localize at the surface of lysosomes and in the nucleus. BAT3 silencing inhibits Cath-D accumulation in the nucleus, indicating that Cath-D nuclear targeting is controlled by BAT3. Fully mature Cath-D also binds to full-length TRPS1 and they co-localize in the nucleus of ER+ BCC where they are associated with chromatin. Using the LexA-VP16 fusion co-activator reporter assay, we then show that Cath-D acts as a transcriptional repressor, independently of its catalytic activity. Moreover, microarray analysis of BCC in which Cath-D and/or TRPS1 expression were silenced indicated that Cath-D enhances TRPS1-mediated repression of several TRPS1-regulated genes implicated in carcinogenesis, including PTHrP, a canonical TRPS1 gene target. In addition, co-silencing of TRPS1 and Cath-D in BCC affects the transcription of cell cycle, proliferation and transformation genes, and impairs cell cycle progression and soft agar colony formation. These findings indicate that Cath-D acts as a nuclear transcriptional cofactor of TRPS1 to regulate ER+ BCC proliferation and transformation in a non-proteolytic manner.
Published: 2015
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30. Subcutaneous Lower Pole Release as Double Bubble Prevention in Constricted Base Breasts: The "Plus One" Augmentation Technique.

Author: Fertsch S, Wolter A, Rancati A, Angrigiani C, Voigt M, and Andree C
Abstract: Background: Breasts with a broad base, constricted inframammary fold (IMF) and a short distance between the nipple and the IMF are predisposed to form a double bubble (DB) deformity. Most publications have focused on the correction of a DB rather than on its prevention and thorough analysis of the IMF., Objectives: Introduction of a third dissection plane in breast augmentation for preventing or correcting DB deformities., Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis conducted by a single surgeon, involving 46 patients with a well-defined constricted IMF who underwent breast augmentation with the 'Plus One' technique between 2019 and 2021. Women who required mastopexy were excluded. All procedures were analyzed for lower pole curvature using visual and graphical photographic analysis. The lower pole breast contour was plotted as a graph for better comparison of outcomes. Breast-Q surveys were conducted before and 3 months after surgery. Follow-ups were done at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery., Results: The curve of the postoperative lower pole was convex in 96% of the cases. In 4%, the curve tends to straighten out in the lower pole. In one case, the curve became concave at one point indicating a DB deformity, making a DB complication rate of 2%. The mean preoperative satisfaction score was 43±2, and the postoperative satisfaction score was 94±3 on the BREAST-Q scale., Conclusions: The "plus one" method showed stable and satisfying results and is easily reproducible with a low complication rate. This can also be used as either a prophylactic or corrective measure., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2025
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31. Persistent symptoms and clinical findings in adults with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome in the second year after acute infection: A population-based, nested case-control study.

Author: Peter RS, Nieters A, Göpel S, Merle U, Steinacker JM, Deibert P, Friedmann-Bette B, Nieß A, Müller B, Schilling C, Erz G, Giesen R, Götz V, Keller K, Maier P, Matits L, Parthé S, Rehm M, Schellenberg J, Schempf U, Zhu M, Kräusslich HG, Rothenbacher D, and Kern WV
Subjects: Humans, Middle Aged, Male, Female, Case-Control Studies, Adult, Aged, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Adolescent, Germany epidemiology, Fatigue etiology, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 psychology, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract: Background: Self-reported health problems following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are common and often include relatively non-specific complaints such as fatigue, exertional dyspnoea, concentration or memory disturbance and sleep problems. The long-term prognosis of such post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is unknown, and data finding and correlating organ dysfunction and pathology with self-reported symptoms in patients with non-recovery from PCS is scarce. We wanted to describe clinical characteristics and diagnostic findings among patients with PCS persisting for >1 year and assessed risk factors for PCS persistence versus improvement., Methods and Findings: This nested population-based case-control study included subjects with PCS aged 18-65 years with (n = 982) and age- and sex-matched control subjects without PCS (n = 576) according to an earlier population-based questionnaire study (6-12 months after acute infection, phase 1) consenting to provide follow-up information and to undergo comprehensive outpatient assessment, including neurocognitive, cardiopulmonary exercise, and laboratory testing in four university health centres in southwestern Germany (phase 2, another 8.5 months [median, range 3-14 months] after phase 1). The mean age of the participants was 48 years, and 65% were female. At phase 2, 67.6% of the patients with PCS at phase 1 developed persistent PCS, whereas 78.5% of the recovered participants remained free of health problems related to PCS. Improvement among patients with earlier PCS was associated with mild acute index infection, previous full-time employment, educational status, and no specialist consultation and not attending a rehabilitation programme. The development of new symptoms related to PCS among participants initially recovered was associated with an intercurrent secondary SARS-CoV-2 infection and educational status. Patients with persistent PCS were less frequently never smokers (61.2% versus 75.7%), more often obese (30.2% versus 12.4%) with higher mean values for body mass index (BMI) and body fat, and had lower educational status (university entrance qualification 38.7% versus 61.5%) than participants with continued recovery. Fatigue/exhaustion, neurocognitive disturbance, chest symptoms/breathlessness and anxiety/depression/sleep problems remained the predominant symptom clusters. Exercise intolerance with post-exertional malaise (PEM) for >14 h and symptoms compatible with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome were reported by 35.6% and 11.6% of participants with persistent PCS patients, respectively. In analyses adjusted for sex-age class combinations, study centre and university entrance qualification, significant differences between participants with persistent PCS versus those with continued recovery were observed for performance in three different neurocognitive tests, scores for perceived stress, subjective cognitive disturbances, dysautonomia, depression and anxiety, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life. In persistent PCS, handgrip strength (40.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) [39.4, 41.1]] versus 42.5 [95% CI [41.5, 43.6]] kg), maximal oxygen consumption (27.9 [95% CI [27.3, 28.4]] versus 31.0 [95% CI [30.3, 31.6]] ml/min/kg body weight) and ventilatory efficiency (minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope, 28.8 [95% CI [28.3, 29.2]] versus 27.1 [95% CI [26.6, 27.7]]) were significantly reduced relative to the control group of participants with continued recovery after adjustment for sex-age class combinations, study centre, education, BMI, smoking status and use of beta blocking agents. There were no differences in measures of systolic and diastolic cardiac function at rest, in the level of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide blood levels or other laboratory measurements (including complement activity, markers of Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] reactivation, inflammatory and coagulation markers, serum levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate). Screening for viral persistence (PCR in stool samples and SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen levels in plasma) in a subgroup of the patients with persistent PCS was negative. Sensitivity analyses (pre-existing illness/comorbidity, obesity, medical care of the index acute infection) revealed similar findings. Patients with persistent PCS and PEM reported more pain symptoms and had worse results in almost all tests. A limitation was that we had no objective information on exercise capacity and cognition before acute infection. In addition, we did not include patients unable to attend the outpatient clinic for whatever reason including severe illness, immobility or social deprivation or exclusion., Conclusions: In this study, we observed that the majority of working age patients with PCS did not recover in the second year of their illness. Patterns of reported symptoms remained essentially similar, non-specific and dominated by fatigue, exercise intolerance and cognitive complaints. Despite objective signs of cognitive deficits and reduced exercise capacity, there was no major pathology in laboratory investigations, and our findings do not support viral persistence, EBV reactivation, adrenal insufficiency or increased complement turnover as pathophysiologically relevant for persistent PCS. A history of PEM was associated with more severe symptoms and more objective signs of disease and might help stratify cases for disease severity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Peter et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2025
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32. A xenogenic-free culture medium for cell micro-patterning systems as cell-instructive biomaterials for potential clinical applications.

Author: Che H, Hart ML, Lauer JC, Selig M, Voelker M, Kurz B, and Rolauffs B
Subjects: Humans, Cells, Cultured, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Animals, Adipogenesis drug effects, Tissue Engineering methods, Blood Platelets metabolism, Cattle, Mesenchymal Stem Cells cytology, Cell Differentiation, Culture Media, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Osteogenesis drug effects
Abstract: Cell micro-patterning controls cell fate and function and has potential for generating therapeutically usable mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) populations with precise functions. However, to date, the micro-patterning of human cells in a translational context has been impossible because only ruminant media supplements, e.g. fetal bovine serum (FBS), are established for use with micro-patterns (MPs). Thus, there are currently no good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant media available for MPs. This study tested a xenogenic-free human plasma and platelet lysate (hP + PL) medium supplement to determine its compatibility with MPs. Unfiltered hP + PL medium resulted in significant protein deposition, creating a 'carpet-like' layer that rendered MPs ineffective. Filtration (3×/5×) eliminated this effect. Importantly, quantitative comparison using droplet digital PCR revealed that human MSCs in all media types exhibited similar profiles with strong myogenic Calponin 1/Transgelin 2 (TAGLN2) and weaker osteogenic alkaline phosphatase/Runt-related transcription factor 2 marker expression, and much weaker adipogenic (lipoprotein lipase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and chondrogenic (collagen type II/aggrecan) expression, with profiles being dominated by myogenic markers. Within these similar profiles, an even stronger induction of the myogenic marker TAGLN2 by all hP + PL- compared to FBS-containing media. Overall, this suggested that FBS can be replaced with hP + PL without altering differentiation profiles. However, assessing individual MSC responses to various MP types with defined categories revealed that unfiltered hP + PL medium was unusable. Importantly, FBS- and 3× filtered hP + PL media were comparable in each differentiation category. Summarized, this study recommends 3× filtered hP + PL as a xenogenic-free and potentially GMP-compliant alternative to FBS as a culture medium supplement for micro-patterning cell populations in both basic and translational research that will ensure consistent and reliable MSC micro-patterning for therapeutic use., (© 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)
Published: 2025
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33. Association between non-insulin-based insulin resistance indicators and frailty progression: a national cohort study and mendelian randomization analysis.

Author: Tian H, Li YM, Wang CQ, Chen GQ, and Lian Y
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, China epidemiology, Aged, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Time Factors, Triglycerides blood, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Geriatric Assessment, Frailty diagnosis, Frailty blood, Frailty epidemiology, Frailty genetics, Insulin Resistance, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Frail Elderly, Blood Glucose metabolism, Disease Progression, Biomarkers blood
Abstract: Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to an increased risk of frailty, yet it remains unclear whether the non-insulin-based IR indicators are associated with frailty trajectories and physical function decline. It aimed to examine the associations of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and with long-term deficit-accumulation frailty trajectories and physical function decline., Methods: Data from 6722 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Baseline TyG index, METS-IR, eGDR, along with the frailty index (FI) over nine years, were calculated. FI trajectories were assessed using group-based trajectory model (GBTM). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between IR indicators with FI trajectory and frailty risk. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) models were utilized to detect potential dose-response associations. Linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate associations with FI development speed. Age, gender, educational level, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, life satisfaction, social activity and sleep duration were adjusted. Additionally, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to assess the causality of observed associations., Results: Three FI trajectories including low-stable frailty, moderate-increasing frailty, and accelerated rising frailty were identified. Regarding the frail risk, each SD increment in TyG index was associated with a 16.1% increase in the risk of frailty (OR = 1.161; 95%CI: 1.092, 1.235). An inverse association was observed for eGDR with the OR (95%CI) being 0.741 (0.696, 0.788). A linear relationship was observed between baseline TyG index and frailty risk (P nonlinear = 0.696), but nonlinear association patterns for eGDR (P nonlinearity < 0.010) and METS-IR (P nonlinearity < 0.010). Each SD increment of TyG index was associated with greater FI increase (β = 0.005 SD/y; 95%CI = 0.002, 0.008 SD/y; P < 0.001). A similar association pattern was observed for METS-IR, and participants in the highest quartile of METS-IR showed significantly greater FI progression, with β value of 0.013 (95% CI = 0.004, 0.022). Each SD increment of eGDR was associated with a slower increase in FI (β=-0.006 SD/y, 95% CI=-0.009, -0.003 SD/y; P < 0.001). Participants in the highest quartile of eGDR presented a lower annual change in FI compared with participants in quartile 1 group during follow-up (β=-0.013 SD/y, 95% CI=-0.022, -0.005 SD/y; P for trend = 0.001). Similar findings were observed for physical function decline. Findings from MR analysis showed a causal relationship between higher TyG index and increased risk of frailty (β = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.079, 0.349; P = 0.002)., Conclusions: The non-insulin-based IR indicators, including TyG index, METS-IR and eGDR, were independently associated with the frailty progression and physical function decline. Monitoring and managing abnormal glucose metabolism should be recommended as a part of comprehensive strategies to prevent or delay the progression of frailty., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Ethics Committee of Peking University approved the CHARLS (IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided informed consent at the baseline assessment. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)
Published: 2025
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34. Crystal Lattice Analysis for 2D Nanomorphology Prediction of Phase-Separated Materials.

Author: Schnitzer T, van den Bersselaar BWL, Lamers BAG, van Son MHC, Maessen SJD, de Graaf FV, de Waal BFM, Trapp N, Vantomme G, and Meijer EW
Abstract: Spontaneous phase separation of materials is a powerful strategy to generate highly defined 2D nanomorphologies with novel properties and functions. Exemplary are such morphologies in block copolymers or amphiphilic systems, whose formation can be well predicted based on parameters such as volume fraction and shape factor. In contrast, the formation of 2D nanomorphologies is currently unpredictable in materials perfectly defined at the molecular level, in which crystallinity plays a significant role. Here, we introduce a crystal lattice analysis to predict a priori the formation of 2D nanomorphologies from the crystalline units in phase-separated soft materials. We show that the formation of lamellar morphologies, their domain spacings, and thermal transition temperatures of such materials can be predicted using a straightforward crystal lattice analysis workflow. We envision this approach to facilitate the design and discovery of new materials with 2D nanomorphologies that are essential for next-generation electronic applications.
Published: 2025
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35. Shape-matching-based fracture reduction aid concept exemplified on the proximal humerus-a pilot study.

Author: Mys K, Visscher L, Lindenmann S, Pastor T, Antonacci P, Knobe M, Jaeger M, Lambert S, and Varga P
Abstract: Purpose: Optimizing fracture reduction quality is key to achieve successful osteosynthesis, especially for epimetaphyseal regions such as the proximal humerus (PH), but can be challenging, partly due to the lack of a clear endpoint. We aimed to develop the prototype for a novel intraoperative C-arm-based aid to facilitate true anatomical reduction of fractures of the PH., Methods: The proposed method designates the reduced endpoint position of fragments by superimposing the outer boundary of the premorbid bone shape on intraoperative C-arm images, taking the mirrored intact contralateral PH from the preoperative CT scan as a surrogate. The accuracy of the algorithm was tested on 60 synthetic C-arm images created from the preoperative CT images of 20 complex PH fracture cases (Dataset A) and on 12 real C-arm images of a prefractured human anatomical specimen (Dataset B). The predicted outer boundary shape was compared with the known exact solution by (1) a calculated matching error and (2) two experienced shoulder trauma surgeons., Results: A prediction accuracy of 88% (with 73% 'good') was achieved according to the calculation method and an 87% accuracy (68% 'good') by surgeon assessment in Dataset A. Accuracy was 100% by both assessments for Dataset B., Conclusion: By seamlessly integrating into the standard perioperative workflow and imaging, the intuitive shape-matching-based aid, once developed as a medical device, has the potential to optimize the accuracy of the reduction of PH fractures while reducing the number of X-rays and surgery time. Further studies are required to demonstrate the applicability and efficacy of this method in optimizing fracture reduction quality., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors are not compensated and there are no other institutional subsidies, corporate affiliations or funding sources supporting this work unless clearly documented and disclosed. Ethical approval: Dataset A: The retrospective medical image data collection study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Lucerne Cantonal Hospital (no. 2021‐00823). Dataset B: The donor of the anatomical specimen gave her informed consent inherent within the donation of the anatomical gift statement during her lifetime. All experiments were carried out under the relevant guidelines and regulations., (© 2025. CARS.)
Published: 2025
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36. Survival of Eurasian lynx in the human-dominated landscape of Europe.

Author: Premier J, Bastianelli ML, Oeser J, Anders O, Andren H, Aronsson M, Bagrade G, Belotti E, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Bufka L, Černe R, Červený J, Drouet-Hoguet N, Ďuľa M, Fuxjäger C, Herdtfelder M, Hočevar L, Jędrzejewski W, Kont R, Koubek P, Kowalczyk R, Krofel M, Krojerová-Prokešová J, Kubala J, Kusak J, Kutal M, Linnell JDC, Mattisson J, Middelhoff TL, Melovski D, Molinari-Jobin A, Odden J, Okarma H, Ornicāns A, Pagon N, Persson J, Schmidt K, Sindičić M, Slijepčević V, Tám B, Zimmermann F, Kramer-Schadt S, and Heurich M
Abstract: Survival and cause-specific mortality rates are vital for evidence-based population forecasting and conservation, particularly for large carnivores, whose populations are often vulnerable to human-caused mortalities. It is therefore important to know the relationship between anthropogenic and natural mortality causes to evaluate whether they are additive or compensatory. Further, the relation between survival and environmental covariates could reveal whether specific landscape characteristics influence demographic performance. We used telemetry data on 681 Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a model apex predator with large spatial requirements, that were tracked across their European distribution. Through time-to-event analyses, we sought to determine the variables associated with differences in their survival. Illegal killing was the main cause of mortality (33.8%), and mortality rates were similar in protected and hunted populations (8.6% and 7.0% per year, respectively). Survival varied greatly across populations (70-95% per year). Across all study sites, higher hunting and anthropogenic mortality rates were partially compensated by lower rates of other mortality causes but not by natural mortality alone. Variation in survival depended on sex (female survival was 1.5 times greater than male survival) and seasonality (highest risk during hunting season and winter), and lower survival rates were correlated with higher human modification of landscapes at both coarse (home range composition) and fine (habitat use within home range) scales. Some variation in survival was driven by unobserved factors, which, given the high rates of human-caused mortalities, including illegal killing, are of foremost concern. Due to the low natural mortality rates in protected and hunted populations, we conclude that anthropogenic causes of mortality are likely close to additive, such that maintaining or increasing refuge habitat with little human disturbance is critical to lynx conservation., (© 2025 The Author(s). Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
Published: 2025
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37. Conservation benefits of a large marine protected area network that spans multiple ecosystems.

Author: Smith JG, Lopazanski C, Free CM, Brun J, Anderson C, Carr MH, Claudet J, Dugan JE, Eurich JG, Francis TB, Gill DA, Hamilton SL, Kaschner K, Mouillot D, Raimondi PT, Starr RM, Ziegler SL, Malone D, Marraffini ML, Parsons-Field A, Spiecker B, Yeager M, Nickols KJ, and Caselle JE
Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely implemented tools for long-term ocean conservation and resource management. Assessments of MPA performance have largely focused on specific ecosystems individually and have rarely evaluated performance across multiple ecosystems either in an individual MPA or across an MPA network. We evaluated the conservation performance of 59 MPAs in California's large MPA network, which encompasses 4 primary ecosystems (surf zone, kelp forest, shallow reef, deep reef) and 4 bioregions, and identified MPA attributes that best explain performance. Using a meta-analytic framework, we evaluated the ability of MPAs to conserve fish biomass, richness, and diversity. At the scale of the network and for 3 of 4 regions, the biomass of species targeted by fishing was positively associated with the level of regulatory protection and was greater inside no-take MPAs, whereas species not targeted by fishing had similar biomass in MPAs and areas open to fishing. In contrast, species richness and diversity were not as strongly enhanced by MPA protection. The key features of conservation effectiveness included MPA age, preimplementation fisheries pressure, and habitat diversity. Important drivers of MPA effectiveness for single MPAs were consistent across MPAs in the network, spanning regions and ecosystems. With international targets aimed at protecting 30% of the world's oceans by 2030, MPA design and assessment frameworks should consider conservation performance at multiple ecologically relevant scales, from individual MPAs to MPA networks., (Conservation BiologyConservation Biology© 2024 The Author(s). Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
Published: 2025
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38. Biofabrication of anisotropic articular cartilage based on decellularized extracellular matrix.

Author: Puiggalí-Jou A, Hui I, Baldi L, Frischknecht R, Asadikorayem M, Janiak J, Chansoria P, McCabe MC, Stoddart MJ, Hansen KC, Christman KL, and Zenobi-Wong M
Abstract: Tissue-engineered grafts that mimic articular cartilage show promise for treating cartilage injuries. However, engineering cartilage cell-based therapies to match zonal architecture and biochemical composition remains challenging. Decellularized articular cartilage extracellular matrix (dECM) has gained attention for its chondro-inductive properties, yet dECM-based bioinks have limitations in mechanical stability and printability. This study proposes a rapid light-based bioprinting method using a tyrosine-based crosslinking mechanism, which does not require chemical modifications of dECM and thereby preserves its structure and bioactivity. Combining this resin with Filamented Light (FLight) biofabrication enables the creation of cellular, porous, and anisotropic dECM scaffolds composed of aligned microfilaments. Specifically, we focus on the effects of various biopolymer compositions (i.e. hyaluronic acid, collagen I, and dECM) and inner architecture (i.e. bulk light vs FLight) on immune response and cell morphology, and we investigate their influence on nascent ECM production and long-term tissue maturation. Our findings highlight the importance of FLight scaffolds in directing collagen deposition resembling articular cartilage structure and promoting construct maturation, and they emphasize the superiority of biological-rich dECM over single-component materials for engineering articular cartilage, thereby offering new avenues for the development of effective cartilage tissue engineering strategies., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)
Published: 2025
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39. JNK1 inhibitors target distal B cell receptor signaling and overcome BTK-inhibitor resistance in CLL.

Author: Saleem SK, Decker S, Kissel S, Bauer M, Chernyakov D, Bräuer-Hartmann D, Aumann K, Wickenhauser C, Herling M, Skorobohatko O, Mathew N, Schmidt C, Klein C, Follo M, and Dierks C
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Mice, Apoptosis drug effects, Female, Pyrimidines pharmacology, Syk Kinase metabolism, Syk Kinase antagonists & inhibitors, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell drug therapy, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell pathology, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell metabolism, Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase antagonists & inhibitors, Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase metabolism, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell metabolism, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm drug effects, Signal Transduction drug effects, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 genetics, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 antagonists & inhibitors, Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adenine pharmacology, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Piperidines pharmacology
Abstract: Inhibition of the proximal B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway by BTK inhibitors is highly effective in the treatment of CLL, but drug resistance or intolerance occurs. Here, we investigated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1) as an alternative drug target in the distal BCR pathway. JNK1 was preferentially overexpressed and activated in poor prognostic CLL with unmutated IGHV. Proximal BCR inhibition (BTK, PI3K, or SYK inhibitors) or SYK knockdown efficiently dephosphorylated JNK1, identifying JNK1 as a critical BCR downstream kinase in CLL. JNK1 inhibition induced apoptosis in primary CLL cells, resulting in the downregulation of BCL2, MCL1, and c-JUN. JNK1 inhibition in patient-derived CLL xenografted mice and Eµ-TCL1-tg mice prevented CLL progression, reduced splenic infiltration, and restored T cell function and normal hematopoiesis. JNK1 inhibitors even remained effective in ibrutinib refractory CLL. In conclusion, our study revealed JNK1 as a promising drug target in CLL downstream of the BCR, overcoming ibrutinib resistance, blocking the protective microenvironment, and improving CLL-specific immunosuppressive mechanisms., (© 2024 Saleem et al.)
Published: 2025
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40. Intra-operative and post-operative management of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Coronary Task Force.

Author: Sandner S, Antoniades C, Caliskan E, Czerny M, Dayan V, Fremes SE, Glineur D, Lawton JS, Thielmann M, and Gaudino M
Subjects: Humans, Graft Occlusion, Vascular prevention & control, Postoperative Care methods, Intraoperative Care methods, Tissue and Organ Harvesting methods, Vasodilator Agents therapeutic use, Vasodilator Agents administration & dosage, Vascular Patency, Coronary Artery Bypass methods
Abstract: The structural and functional integrity of conduits used for coronary artery bypass grafting is critical for graft patency. Disruption of endothelial integrity and endothelial dysfunction are incurred during conduit harvesting subsequent to mechanical or thermal injury and during conduit storage prior to grafting, leading to acute thrombosis and early graft failure. Late graft failure, in particular that of vein grafts, is precipitated by progressive atherogenesis. Intra-operative management includes appropriate selection of conduit-specific harvesting techniques and storage solutions. Arterial grafts are prone to vasospasm subsequent to surgical manipulation, and application of intra-operative vasodilatory protocols is critical. Post-operative management includes continuation of oral vasodilator therapy and selection of antithrombotic and lipid-lowering agents to attenuate atherosclerotic disease progression in conduits. In this review, the scientific evidence underlying the key aspects of intra- and post-operative management of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting is examined. Clinical consensus statements for best clinical practice are provided, and areas requiring further research are highlighted., (This article has been co-published with permission in the European Heart Journal and the European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. © 2024 the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article.)
Published: 2025
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41. Type-Specific Impacts of Protein Defects in Pathogenic NFKB2 Variants: Novel Clinical Findings From 138 Patients.

Author: Meissner J, Fliegauf M, Grimbacher B, and Klemann C
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Child, Phenotype, Mutation, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Preschool, Young Adult, NF-kappa B p52 Subunit genetics, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes genetics, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes immunology
Abstract: Background: The noncanonical NF-κB2 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2) pathway is integral in regulating immunologic responses, supervising immune function, development, and homeostasis. NFKB2 encodes the cytoplasmic precursor p100, which undergoes processing of its inhibitory C-terminal half to generate p52. Impeding C-terminal defects are well established to cause primary immunodeficiency disorder. In contrast, the mechanism of truncating N-terminal defects remains obscure., Objective: We characterized clinical phenotypes associated with 3 distinct protein-defect types: (1) early truncations: typically occurring N-terminal relative to the nuclear localization sequence and affecting the Rel homology domain, predicting p100 expression to be halved and subsequent p52 generation by processing to be diminished; (2) central truncations: mainly affecting the ARD and predicting immediate expression of p52-like proteins and a 50% reduction of p100; and (3) C-terminal phosphorylation-/ubiquitination domain defects: causing expression of nonprocessable p100 with retained IκB-like activity and subsequently reducing generation of p52., Methods: We performed literature research on PubMed, Clinvar, and Human Gene Mutation Database collecting clinical and immunologic data on NFKB2 patients, focusing on comparing protein-defect-specific impacts., Results: The highest prevalence of early-onset primary immunodeficiency disorder and antibody deficiency occurred in the CTD-defect group. In addition, endocrinological abnormalities and T-cell-mediated autoimmunity were common and frequently required immunosuppression. An extensive immunologic workup revealed patients with C-terminal defects to have pan-hypogammaglobulinemia and reduced specific antibody responses and markedly impaired B-cell differentiation, but normal to elevated T-cell counts. In contrast, pathogenic NFKB2 variants causing central or early-truncating protein defects were only partially penetrant, with ameliorated symptoms and diminished T-cell-mediated autoimmunity., Conclusions: Our work defines a clear genotype-phenotype correlation for NFKB2 mutations., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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42. Chronic in vivo sequelae of repetitive acute mfb-DBS on accumbal dopamine and midbrain neuronal activity.

Author: Miguel Telega L, Ashouri Vajari D, Ramanathan C, Coenen VA, and Döbrössy MD
Subjects: Animals, Male, Ventral Tegmental Area metabolism, Mesencephalon metabolism, Rats, Dopaminergic Neurons metabolism, Neurons metabolism, Deep Brain Stimulation methods, Dopamine metabolism, Rats, Long-Evans, Nucleus Accumbens metabolism, Medial Forebrain Bundle drug effects
Abstract: Medial Forebrain Bundle Deep Brain Stimulation (MFB-DBS) can have rapid and long lasting antidepressant effects in Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) patients. The mechanisms are not well understood, but one hypothesis stipulates that modulation of the dopaminergic (DAergic) fibers contribute to the therapeutic outcome. Acute DBS effects on DA release have been studied; however, longitudinal studies with acute-repetitive DBS are lacking. Long-Evans accumbal DA release and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) calcium tonic and phasic signaling to different mfb-DBS parameters were measured using fiber photometry over 8 weeks, following acute and repetitive stimulation in behaving and non-behaving animals. DBS-induced release was observed in both targets, with increased frequency and DBS duration. 130 Hz stimulation increased phasic and tonic DA response over time, with the latter being a potential mechanism for its long-term clinical effectiveness. VTA calcium transients decreased, while phasic activity increased with frequency. Pulse width (PW)-mediated differential peak release timing also suggests potential parallel activation of diverse fiber types. Additionally, decreased DA transients rate during Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) suggests context and stimulation duration-dependent DA release. The data confirm chronic antidromic/orthodromic DAergic responses with stimulation parameter dependent variability, providing novel insights into temporal adaptations, connectivity and fiber recruitment on mfb DBS., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Neurochemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society for Neurochemistry.)
Published: 2025
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43. Correlation Between Intraoperative Near-infrared Spectroscopy Values and Neurologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Total Aortic Arch Replacement Using the Frozen Elephant Trunk Technique.

Author: Kletzer J, Czerny M, Kreibich M, Berger T, Bauer N, Dimov A, Fagu A, Eschenhagen M, Lehane C, and Kondov S
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Middle Aged, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation methods, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Stroke etiology, Registries, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Complications diagnosis, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared methods, Aorta, Thoracic surgery, Aorta, Thoracic diagnostic imaging, Monitoring, Intraoperative methods
Abstract: Objective: To correlate intraoperative near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) values with neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement using the frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique., Design: Retrospective, single-center registry study using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance., Setting: Between November 2013 and December 2023, 427 patients were treated for acute and chronic aortic pathologies using the FET procedure., Participants: A total of 166 patients with complete NIRS data at all predefined time points were included and retrospectively divided into two groups: patients diagnosed by experienced radiologists and clinicians with stroke and without stroke after FET., Measurements: Bilateral NIRS values were recorded continuously and at seven critical time points in each patient, and correlations were made between left- and right-sided NIRS values and stroke., Main Results: A total of 23 patients (13.9%) were diagnosed with stroke. There was a significantly higher in-hospital mortality in patients with stroke (21.7%) compared with patients without stroke (7.7%, p = 0.037). Left-sided regional cerebral oxygenation did not show significant difference in patients with versus without stroke (p = 0.550). Differences were detected in right-sided regional cerebral oxygenation trends (p < 0.001) and interhemisphere NIRS at specified time points (p = 0.009). The interaction, time × stroke, however, did not show significant results in any analysis (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: NIRS is a reliable tool to monitor intraoperative frontal lobe cerebral oxygen saturation. However, its use to predict postoperative stroke remains limited. Further refinements are needed to develop the technique into a prediction tool., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This work was funded by the Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Advanced Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg. M. Czerny is a consultant to Terumo Aortic, Medtronic, Endospan, and NEOS; is a shareholder of Ascense Medical and TEVAR Ltd; and received speaking honoraria from Cryolife-Jotec and Bentley. M. Kreibich has received speaking honoraria from Terumo Aortic. There are no other conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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44. Associative brain-computer interface training increases wrist extensor corticospinal excitability in patients with subacute stroke.

Author: Svejgaard B, Modrau B, Hernández-Gloria JJ, Wested CL, Dosen S, Stevenson AJT, and Mrachacz-Kersting N
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Pyramidal Tracts physiopathology, Pyramidal Tracts physiology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Motor Cortex physiopathology, Motor Cortex physiology, Adult, Electroencephalography, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology, Muscle, Skeletal physiology, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Stroke Rehabilitation methods, Stroke physiopathology, Wrist physiology, Wrist physiopathology, Evoked Potentials, Motor physiology
Abstract: In a recently developed associative rehabilitative brain-computer interface (BCI) system, electroencephalography (EEG) is used to identify the most active phase of the motor cortex during attempted movement and deliver precisely timed peripheral stimulation during training. This approach has been demonstrated to facilitate corticospinal excitability and functional recovery in patients with lower limb weakness following stroke. The current study expands those findings by investigating changes in corticospinal excitability following the associative BCI intervention in patients with post stroke with upper limb weakness. In a randomized controlled trial, 24 patients with subacute stroke, subdivided into an intervention group and a "sham" control group, performed 30 wrist extensions. The intervention comprised 30 pairings of single peripheral nerve stimulation at the motor threshold, timed so that the generated afferent volley arrived at the motor cortex during the peak negativity of the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP), which was identified with EEG. The sham group underwent the same intervention, though the intensity of the nerve stimulation was below the perception threshold. Immediately after training, patients in the associative group exhibited significantly larger amplitudes of muscular-evoked potentials, compared with pretraining measurements in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation. These changes persisted for at least 30 min and were not observed in the sham group. We demonstrate that motor-evoked potential amplitudes increased significantly following paired associative BCI training targeting upper limb muscles in patients with subacute stroke, which is in line with results from lower limb studies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated that a single training session with an associative brain-computer interface increased corticospinal excitability in patients suffering from upper limb weakness following stroke. This is the first time such an effect is described in the upper limb, which paves the way for effect augmentation of existing upper limb rehabilitation protocols.
Published: 2025
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45. High hydrostatic pressure treatment for advanced tissue grafts in reconstructive head and neck surgery.

Author: Kalle F, Stadler VP, Brach JK, Grote VF, Pohl C, Schulz K, Seidenstuecker M, Jonitz-Heincke A, Bader R, Mlynski R, and Strüder D
Subjects: Animals, Swine, Mice, Head, Cartilage, Neck, Chondrocytes cytology, Hydrostatic Pressure, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods
Abstract: The increasing importance of regenerative medicine has resulted in a growing need for advanced tissue replacement materials in head and neck surgery. Allo- and xenogenic graft processing is often time-consuming and can deteriorate the extracellular matrix (ECM). High hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-treatment could allow specific devitalization while retaining the essential properties of the ECM. Porcine connective tissue and cartilage were HHP-treated at 100-400 MPa for 10 min. Structural modifications following HHP-exposure were examined using electron microscopy, while devitalization was assessed through metabolism and cell death analyses. Furthermore, ECM alterations and decellularization were evaluated by histology, biomechanical testing, and DNA content analysis. Additionally, the inflammatory potential of HHP-treated tissue was evaluated in vivo using a dorsal skinfold chamber in a mouse model. The devitalization effects of HHP were dose-dependent, with a threshold identified at 200 MPa for fibroblasts and chondrocytes. At this pressure level, HHP induced structural alterations in cells, with a shift toward late-stage apoptosis. HHP-treatment preserved ECM structure and biomechanical properties, but did not remove cell debris from the tissue. This study observed a pressure-dependent increase of markers suggesting the occurrence of immunogenic cell death. In vivo investigations revealed an absence of inflammatory responses to HHP-treated tissue, indicating a favorable biological response to HHP. In conclusion, application of HHP devitalizes fibroblasts and chondrocytes at 200 MPa while retaining the essential properties of the ECM. Prospectively, HHP may simplify the preparation of allo- and xenogenic tissue replacement materials and increase the availability of grafts in head and neck surgery., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2025
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46. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction normalizes patellar kinematics but fails to predict cartilage contact area: A prospective 3D MRI study.

Author: Siegel M, Maier P, Taghizadeh E, Meine H, Lange T, Fuchs A, Yilmaz T, Schmal H, and Izadpanah K
Abstract: Introduction: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main patellar stabilizer in low knee flexion degrees (0-30°). Isolated MPFL reconstruction (MPFLr) is therefore considered the gold standard of surgical procedures for low flexion patellofemoral instabilities (PFIs). Despite excellent clinical results, little is known about the effect of MPFLr on kinematic parameters (KPs) of the patellofemoral joint in vivo. This study investigates the effect of MPFLr on KP of patellofemoral articulation, using a three-dimensional (3D) in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis at different flexion and loading positions, and analyzes the correlation of these parameters with the patellofemoral cartilage contact area (CCA)., Methods: In this prospective, matched-pair cohort study of 30 individuals, 15 patients with low flexion PFI and 15 knee-healthy individuals were included. Patients were analyzed pre and post-operatively after MPFLr. MRI images were obtained at 0°, 15° and 30° with and without muscle activation, using a custom-designed pneumatic loading device. Patellar shift, tilt and rotation were determined in 3D bone and cartilage models of each individual, guaranteeing the highest reliability. Subsequently, the KPs were correlated with patellofemoral CCA., Results: Patients with low flexion PFI had a leg geometry of 0.5 ± 2.6° valgus and a TTTG of 11.4 ± 4.4 mm. Eleven patients had moderate (Type A/B) and 2 had severe (Type C/D) trochlear dysplasia. Without muscle activation, patients showed significantly increased patellar shift (0-30°; p 0° = 0.011, p 15° = 0.004 and p 30° = 0.015) and tilt (15°; p 15° = 0.041). Muscle activation did not compensate for maltracking in these patients, but even increased tilt and shift further in extension ( p 0° = 0.002 and p 0° = 0.001). MPFLr statistically reduced patellofemoral tilt from 0° to 30° flexion during passive flexion and tended to approach the values of knee-healthy individuals ( p ext = 0.008, p 15° = 0.006 and p 30° = 0.003). Post-operatively, muscle activation led to comparable tilt and shift as in healthy individuals. Tilt, shift and rotation did not correlate with CCA neither in healthy individuals nor in pre- or post-operative patients., Conclusion: Isolated MPFLr can normalize patellar shift and tilt in patients with low flexion instability. Considering the influence of muscle activation, passive stabilization through MPFLr seems to be the basic precondition for physiologically active patella stabilization. The investigated KPs as easy-to-measure parameters in clinical practice cannot be used to assume normalized CCA for low flexion degrees. Therefore, methodologically demanding methods are still required to calculate the patellofemoral CCA., Level of Evidence: Level II., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.)
Published: 2024
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47. Post mortem cadaveric and imaging mapping analysis of the influence of cochlear implants on cMRI assessment regarding implant positioning and artifact formation.

Author: Arnold P, Fries L, Beck RL, Granitzer S, Reich M, Aschendorff A, Arndt S, and Ketterer MC
Abstract: Objectives: In times of an aging society and considering the escalating health economic costs, the indications for imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), must be carefully considered and strictly adhered to. This cadaver study aims to examine the influence of cochlear implant (CI) on the assessment of intracranial structures, artifact formation, and size in cranial MRI (cMRI). Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate the potential limitations in the interpretability and diagnostic value of cMRI in CI patients. Additionally, the study investigates the imaging of the brain stem and the internal ear canal and the feasibility of excluding cholesteatomas in cMRI for CI patients., Materials and Methods: Two cadaveric specimens were implanted with cochlear implants at varying angular positions (90°, 120°, and 135°), both unilaterally and bilaterally, with and without magnet in situ. MRI acquisition consisted of sequences commonly used in brain MRI scans (T 1 -MP-RAGE, T 2 -TSE, T 1 -TIRM, DWI, CISS). Subsequently, the obtained MRI images were manually juxtaposed with a reference brain from the Computational Anatomy Toolbox CAT12. The size and formation of artifacts were scrutinized to ascertain the assessability of 22 predefined intracranial structures. Furthermore, the internal auditory canal, middle ear and mastoid were evaluated., Results: The cadaveric head mapping facilitated the analysis of all 22 predefined intracranial structures. Artifacts were assessed in terms of their minimum and maximum impact on image comparability. Image quality and assessability were stratified into four categories (0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, and 75-100% of assessability restriction). The visualization of the central, temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes was contingent upon CI positioning and the choice of imaging sequence. Diffusion-weighted cMRI proved inadequate for monitoring cholesteatoma recurrence in ipsilateral CI patients, regardless of magnet presence. The ipsilateral internal auditory canal was inadequately visualized in both magnet-present and magnet-absent conditions. We divided our results into four categories. Category 3 (orange) indicates considerable limitations, while category 4 (red) indicates no interpretability, as the image is entirely obscured by artifacts., Conclusion: This study provides detailed predictive power for the assessability and therefore the relevance of performing cMRIs in CI patients. We advocate consulting the relevant CI center if artifact overlay exceeds 50% (categories 3 and 4), to evaluate magnet explantation and reassess the necessity of cMRI. When suspecting cholesteatoma or cholesteatoma recurrences in patients with ipsilateral cochlear implants, diagnostic investigation should preferably be pursued surgically, as the necessary MRI sequences are prone to artifact interference, even in the absence of a magnet. The ipsilateral internal auditory canal remains inadequately evaluable with a magnet in situ, while without the magnet, only rudimentary assessments can be made across most sequences., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: Philipp Arnold and Michael Reich declare no conflict of interest. Antje Aschendorff received travelling expenses and financial support for research from Cochlear Ltd, Australia; financial support for research and travelling expenses from Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria; financial support for research and travelling expenses from Oticon Inc., Somerset, NJ; financial support for research and travelling expenses from Advanced Bionics, Valencia, CA, USA. Susan Arndt received financial support for research and travelling expenses from Cochlear Ltd, Australia; financial support for research and travelling expenses from Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria travelling expenses from Advanced Bionics, Valencia, CA, USA. Manuel Christoph Ketterer received financial support for research from Cochlear Ltd, Australia; financial support for research from Oticon Inc., Somerset, NJ. Research involving human participants: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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48. PGM3 insufficiency: a glycosylation disorder causing a notable T cell defect.

Author: Yang L, Zerbato B, Pessina A, Brambilla L, Andreani V, Frey-Jakobs S, Fliegauf M, Barbouche MR, Zhang Q, Chiaradonna F, Proietti M, Du X, and Grimbacher B
Subjects: Humans, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cell Differentiation immunology, Cell Proliferation genetics, Glycosylation, Mutation, Phenotype, Lymphocyte Activation genetics, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Phosphoglucomutase deficiency, Phosphoglucomutase genetics, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation genetics, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation immunology
Abstract: Background: Hypomorphic mutations in the phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase 3 ( PGM3 ) gene cause a glycosylation disorder that leads to immunodeficiency. It is often associated with recurrent infections and atopy. The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear., Objective: This study aimed to characterize the phenotypes and immunological features associated with PGM3 insufficiency and investigate potential disease mechanisms., Methods: A systematic review of 44 published cases of PGM3 variants was performed, followed by T-cell phenotyping of two patients with PGM3 variants. A genotype-phenotypic severity study was conducted by comparing the residual PGM3 expression of the 12 reconstituted variants in human B cells. A PGM3 inhibitor was used to assess its effect on CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation., Results: Patients with PGM3 variants frequently presented with recurrent infections and atopy, accompanied by reduced naïve CD4+ T cell counts. A genotype-phenotype study showed that low levels of residual PGM3 expression are correlated with disease severity. Notably, inhibition of PGM3 activity impaired TCR-mediated CD4+ T cell proliferation and the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, complex N-glycans, O-GlcNAc, glycolytic stress, and mitochondrial respiration during proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Partial loss of PGM3 activity was observed to preferentially enhance Th1 and Th2 differentiation, while attenuating Th17 and Treg differentiation, consistent with clinical observations., Conclusion: PGM3 is a critical regulator of CD4+ T-cell proliferation and differentiation. These findings provide new insights into the diverse clinical manifestations and therapeutic development of PGM3 deficiency., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Zerbato, Pessina, Brambilla, Andreani, Frey-Jakobs, Fliegauf, Barbouche, Zhang, Chiaradonna, Proietti, Du and Grimbacher.)
Published: 2024
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49. Food insecurity and lifestyle behaviours in university students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative survey across three countries.

Author: Witkowiak MM, Idris AN, Sato A, Sacre H, Haddad C, Rizk R, Malaeb D, Strahler J, Salameh P, and Ierodiakonou D
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Universities, Lebanon epidemiology, Germany epidemiology, Young Adult, Cyprus epidemiology, Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemics, Adolescent, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Students statistics & numerical data, Students psychology, Life Style, Food Insecurity, Exercise
Abstract: Background: University students, often unemployed and reliant on low-nutrition foods, are susceptible to food insecurity (FI) with potential physical and mental health challenges. This study explores FI and its impact on lifestyle behaviours among university students., Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was performed by sending an online questionnaire to university students in Lebanon, Cyprus, and Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using validated measures, i.e., the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, adjusted linear regression models were performed to assess the associations between country, FI and physical activity, sleep quality, and diet., Results: In a convenience sample of 611 individuals (350 in Germany, 214 in Lebanon, and 47 in Cyprus) enrolled in the study, 547 provided complete response. 190 (34.7%) experienced FI, of whom 52 (9.5%) were severely food-insecure, with variation of FI prevalence between countries (18.9% in Germany, 14.9% in Cyprus, and 60.3% in Lebanon). Lifestyle behaviours also differed between participants from the three countries, with students in Germany exhibiting the highest physical activity level and the lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with Lebanon and Cyprus. On the other hand, participants from Lebanon and Cyprus had similar physical activity and diet behaviours. Concerning sleep, students in Cyprus showed the poorest quality. FI significantly correlated with reduced physical activity (beta - 0.171, 95% Confidence Interval (-0.313, -0.029)), but not with sleep or diet. The country of residence independently predicted lifestyle behaviours (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: This study suggests that FI impacts university students in countries of varying income levels, and the country of residence independently influences lifestyle behaviours. Larger-size studies are essential to confirm these findings and further explore FI's impact on university students outside the context of the pandemic., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved a priori by the INSPECT-LB Research Ethics Committee (2021REC-002-INSPECT-09-17). In every country, participation was entirely voluntary and confidential, and participants had the option to withdraw at any stage. Before completing the questionnaire, participants were briefed on the study objectives, and inclusion was contingent upon their consent, which was obtained on the initial page of the online survey. No form of compensation, whether financial or otherwise, was offered to participants for their involvement. The convenience sampling being observational with no traceability of patients offers a further guarantee of participants’ information confidentiality. All study participants provided informed consent before data collection. Consent for publication: Not Applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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50. Immunological effects of CD19.CAR-T cell therapy in systemic sclerosis: an extended case study.

Author: Claus M, Freitag M, Ewald M, Rodon L, Deicher F, Watzl C, Kolb P, Lorenz HM, Schmitt M, and Merkt W
Subjects: Humans, Receptors, IgG immunology, Female, Middle Aged, Immunotherapy, Adoptive methods, Male, Adult, Flow Cytometry, Longitudinal Studies, Immunity, Innate immunology, Scleroderma, Systemic immunology, Scleroderma, Systemic therapy, Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Abstract: Objective: The high potential of CD19.CAR-T cells to treat autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) supposedly relies on the disappearance of autoantibodies. Here we investigated effects of CAR-T cells on the innate immune system which is an important contributor to pathology in SSc., Methods: Longitudinal analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an Scl70 + SSc patient treated with CAR-T cells sampled over 18 months by 29-color spectral flow cytometry, in vitro experiments using sera from patient cohorts., Results: In the patient treated with CAR-T cells, the substantial clinical improvement was paralleled by dynamic changes in innate lymphoid cells, namely Fcγ-receptor IIIA-expressing natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells adopted a more juvenile, less activated, and less differentiated phenotype. In parallel, the potency of serum to form Scl70-containing immune complexes that activate Fcγ-receptor IIIA decreased over time. These observations suggested a mechanistic link between reversal of adaptive autoimmunity and recovering Fcγ-receptor IIIA-expressing innate immune cells after CAR-T cell therapy via regressing immune complex activity. Experiments with sera from the non-CAR-T-treated SSc cohort confirmed that Scl70-containing immune complexes activate Fcγ-receptor IIIA-expressing NK cells in a dose-dependent manner, substantiating the relevance of this link between adaptive and innate immunity in SSc., Conclusion: This report describes for the first time the phenotypic recovery of innate Fcγ-receptor-expressing cells in an SSc patient treated with CAR-T cells. Decreasing autoantibody levels associated with a reduced ability to form functional immune complexes, the latter appearing to contribute to pathology in SSc via activation of Fcγ receptor IIIA + cells such as NK cells., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CAR-T cell patient, SSc patients, SLE patients and healthy donors gave their written informed consent to the therapeutic procedures, blood donations and publication. The ethics committee of Heidelberg University, Germany, approved this study (S272/2021). Consent for publication: The CAR-T cell patient, SSc patients, SLE patients and healthy donors gave their written informed consent to the therapeutic procedures, blood donations and publication. Competing interests: provided upon request., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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