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Mingli Liu,1 Daifeng Dong,2,3 Jia Xiao,1 Cong Lai,1 Aixia Zhuang,1 Yan Wang1 1Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China; 3China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mingli Liu, Ph.D, Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 1 Taoyuan Road, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13975223596, Email liumingli@hnust.edu.cnBackground: Research on the links between the behavioral inhibition and approach systems (BIS/BAS), and internet addiction (IA) in adolescents has been inconclusive. BIS/BAS may interact with adolescent trait characteristics, resulting in different outcomes. Grit may alter adolescents’ motivations, which can even be based on biological systems such as BIS/BAS. However, the impact of BIS/BAS and potential moderating factors on adolescents’ internet use remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between BIS/BAS and IA in adolescents and explore the potential moderating roles of the two facts of grit, passion and perseverance, on the association between BIS/BAS and IA.Methods: A total of 1,881 junior and senior high school students (Mage = 14.65, standard deviation age = 1.81, ranging from 11 to 20 years) completed a self-reported measure of BIS/BAS, IA, and grit. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the differences between adolescents with IA and those with normal internet use. Pearson correlation and regression model analyses, including moderating model analysis, were used to qualify the associations between IA and BIS/BAS, as well as the potential moderating role of grit passion and perseverance.Results: The results showed that 19.1% of the participants met the criteria for IA. Both BIS (β = 0.085, t = 3.650, p < 0.001) and BAS (β = 0.06, t = 2.552, p < 0.05) were positively associated with IA risk, and grit-perseverance moderated the association between BIS and IA (β = − 0.230, bootstrap 95% confidence interval: − 0.450 to − 0.012) and BAS with IA (β = − 0.187, bootstrap 95% confidence interval: − 0.299 to − 0.076).Conclusion: These findings extend the current knowledge on the associations between BIS/BAS and IA. Moreover, the findings suggest that enhancing grit-perseverance may improve prevention and intervention of IA risk in adolescents who are sensitive to BIS and BAS.Keywords: internet addiction, reinforcement sensitivity, grit, perseverance, passion

Background and Purpose: Whether imaging parameters would independently predict stroke recurrence in low-risk minor ischemic stroke (MIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) according to traditional score system (such as ABCD 2 score, which was termed on the basis of the initials of the five factors: age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration, diabetes) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the association between imaging parameters and 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with TIA or MIS in different risk stratum stratified by ABCD 2 score. Methods: We included patients with TIA and MIS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) with complete baseline vessel and brain imaging data from the Third China National Stroke Registry III. Patients were categorized into different risk groups based on ABCD 2 score (low risk, 0–3; moderate risk, 4–5; and high risk, 6–7). The primary outcome was stroke recurrence within 1 year. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess whether imaging parameters (large artery stenosis, infarction number) were independently associated with stroke recurrence. Results: Of the 7140 patients included, 584 patients experienced stroke recurrence within 1 year. According to the ABCD 2 score, large artery stenosis was associated with higher stroke recurrence in both low-risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.746 [95% CI, 1.200–2.540]) and moderate-risk group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.326 [95% CI, 1.042–1.687]) but not in the high-risk group ( P >0.05). Patients with multiple acute infarctions or single acute infarction had a higher risk of recurrent stroke than those with no infarction in both low- and moderate-risk groups, but not in the high-risk group. Conclusions: Large artery stenosis and infarction number were independent predictors of 1-year stroke recurrence in low-moderate risk but not in high-risk patients with TIA or MIS stratified by ABCD 2 score. This finding emphasizes the importance of early brain and vascular imaging evaluation for risk stratification in patients with TIA or MIS.

The aim of the present study was to determine the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and microRNA‑222 in the serum of patients with AD. The expression of microRNAs was detected and the results were verified using microarray analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that there were 35 strips of microRNA in the mild AD group, in which the difference of expression signal was >500 IU/ml. There were 26 strips of microRNA with a difference in expression signal of >500 IU/ml in the mild and moderate AD groups. The downregulation of microRNA‑222 in the mild and moderate groups was statistically significant (P