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Background The predictive value of adiposity indices and the newly developed index for cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases ( CVD s) remains unclear in the Chinese population. This study aimed to compare the predictive value of A Body Shape Index with other 5 conventional obesity‐related anthropometric indices (body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, waist‐to‐height ratio) in Chinese population. Methods and Results A total of 44 048 participants in the study were derived from the baseline data of the PURE ‐China (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology) study in China. All participants’ anthropometric parameters, CVD s, and risk factors (dyslipidemia, abnormal blood pressure, and hyperglycemia) were collected by standard procedures. Multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive values of obesity‐related anthropometric indices to the cardiometabolic risk factors and CVD s. A positive association was observed between each anthropometric index and cardiometabolic risk factors and CVD s in all models ( P AUC s) for predicting dyslipidemia ( AUC s: 0.646, sensitivity: 65%, specificity: 44%), hyperglycemia ( AUC s: 0.595, sensitivity: 60%, specificity: 45%), and CVD s ( AUC s: 0.619, sensitivity: 59%, specificity: 41%). Waist circumference showed the best prediction for abnormal blood pressure ( AUC s: 0.671, sensitivity: 66%, specificity: 40%) compared with other anthropometric indices. However, the new body shape index did not show a better prediction to either cardiometabolic risk factors or CVD s than that of any other traditional obesity‐related indices. Conclusions Waist‐to‐height ratio appeared to be the best indicator for dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and CVD s, while waist circumference had a better prediction for abnormal blood pressure.

Background Most cardiovascular diseases occur in low‐ and middle‐income regions of the world, but the socioeconomic distribution within China remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate whether the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases differs among high‐, middle‐, and low‐income regions of China and to explore the reasons for the disparities. Methods and Results We enrolled 46 285 individuals from 115 urban and rural communities in 12 provinces across China between 2005 and 2009. We recorded their medical histories of cardiovascular diseases and calculated the INTERHEART Risk Score for the assessment of cardiovascular risk‐factor burden, with higher scores indicating greater burden. The mean INTERHEART Risk Score was higher in high‐ and middle‐income regions than in low‐income regions (9.47, 9.48, and 8.58, respectively, P P trend =0.0064). In high‐ and middle‐income regions, urban communities have higher INTERHEART Risk Score and higher prevalent rate than rural communities. In low‐income regions, however, the prevalence of total cardiovascular disease was similar between urban and rural areas despite the significantly higher INTERHEART Risk Score for urban settings. Conclusions We detected an inverse trend between risk‐factor burden and cardiovascular disease prevalence in urban and rural communities in high‐, middle‐, and low‐income regions of China. Such asymmetry may be attributed to the interregional differences in residents’ awareness, quality of healthcare, and availability and affordability of medical services.