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Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis using microalgae is a promising low-cost sustainable alternative. High CO2 tolerant microalgae have not yet been explored for this application. This study pretends to determine the potential of an environmental green algae Desmodesmus abundans acclimated to low and high CO2 (LCA and HCA strains, respectively) as a platform for AgNPs synthesis and evaluate the effect of pH (5, 7.5, 11) and biological component (cells, supernatant and both components) in comparison to a collection strain Spirulina platensis. Exponential grown cultures were centrifuged, the pellet resuspended in 10 mM AgNO3 prepared in water or supernatant at different pH and incubated for 40 h (24 °C, continuous light). After, the filtrated solution was characterized using UV–visible absorption spectra, Zetasizer and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed drastic differences between strains. No nanoparticles were observed with strain LCA, except at pH 11 using the pellet, which generated large particles (127.8 ± 14.8 nm diameter, −26.7 ± 2.4 mV zeta potential). In contrast, the HCA strain in these conditions showed the smallest AgNPs with the lowest zeta potential (14.9 ± 6.4 nm, −32.7 ± 5.3 mV). When the supernatant was conserved, HCA exhibited AgNPs in all pH solutions, with smallest sizes at pH 11 (27.7 ± 14.0 nm, −20.0 ± 1.8 mV). In addition, the HCA supernatant alone showed reducing potential for AgNP synthesis (51.8 ± 20.7 nm, −17.4 ± 1.3 mV). S. platensis also generated AgNPs in all conditions, but nanoscale particles were observed only at pH 11 (18.3 ± 7.5 nm, −33.9 ± 2.4 mV). In conclusion, high CO2 atmospheres seem to potentiate AgNPs synthesis by microalgae with interesting properties accordingly to biological component employed, representing a potential byproduct in CO2 mitigation systems.

Background/Objective: Individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are at increased genetic risk for T1D. Previous studies identified the presence of β-cell dysfunction before clinical onset and diagnosis of T1D. However, it is unclear if β-cell dysfunction predates islet autoimmunity in individuals at high genetic risk. Our objective was to test β-cell function in islet antibody negative adults who have a first-degree relative with T1D. We hypothesized that individuals at genetic risk for T1D would exhibit β-cell dysfunction even without detectable islet autoimmunity.Methods: We used ordinary one-way and Brown-Forsythe ANOVA to compare the repeated mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) and hyperglycemic clamp glucose-stimulated β-cell response and function measures between three groups of individuals: normoglycemic adults without T1D family history age, sex, and BMI-matched islet antibody negative first-degree relatives of individuals with T1D, and islet antibody positive first-degree relatives of individuals with T1D.Results: Neither the MMTT first-phase insulin secretion measures (c-peptide0-15 minutes, c-peptide0-30 minutes, insulin0-15 minutes, insulin0-30 minutes), nor second-phase measures (c-peptide0-120 minutes, insulin0-120 minutes, and glucose0-120 minutes) showed a statistically significant difference between groups. The clamp acute c-peptide response to glucose, insulin sensitivity, c-peptide steady state, first-phase β-cell function, and second-phase β-cell function were similar between subject groups in both visits. Fasting proinsulin:c-peptide ratios, a biomarker of β-cell stress, were also similar between participant groups.Conclusion and Impact: Our data suggest that genetically at-risk autoantibody negative adult relatives of individuals with T1D do not demonstrate β-cell dysfunction compared to controls. Studies show that β-cell ER dysfunction preceding T1D onset is more striking in younger children. Thus, our findings may reflect the use of an adult study population. Alternatively, β-cell dysfunction in T1D may require initial autoimmune activation. This study will contribute to the growing understanding of risk factors contributing to T1D development.This project was funded, in part, with support from the Research Training Program in Diabetes and Obesity funded, in part by grant 3T32DK064466 from the National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding also provided by JDRF grant 2-SRA-2017-498-M-B.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of c. 80% of land plants, having enormous ecological and economic impact, as they often improve crop plant nutrition and yield. DNA-based identification with molecular markers is used to analyze AM fungal communities in the field, but reaching species level taxonomic resolution remains challenging. Thus, currently there is no consensus on how to analyze high-throughput sequences and assign them into species. Here, a new sequencing strategy combined with taxonomic affiliations implemented with an evolutionary placement algorithm (EPA) was established. It is based on sequencing a c. 450 bp region of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal rRNA gene with the MiSeq-Illumina platform. The method is suitable for the discrimination of closely related AMF species and was used to study host-AMF preferences in roots of Pequin pepper, soybean and orange at one location in the arid northeast of Mexico. Twenty AM fungal species from 13 genera were detected. Phylogenetic affiliation of reads to species revealed crop preferential associations. In Pequin pepper roots, several Rhizophagus species represented most of the community, Rhizophagus clarus being the most abundant. The soybean AM fungal community was dominated by Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae and that of orange by several species of Dominikia, some of them only found in this crop. Unraveling the AMF-plant preferences of important crops by an affordable and robust sequencing method, combined with phylotaxonomic AMF species resolution, is an important tool to obtain taxonomic units that are meaningful in both biological and ecological studies.

Background: Although dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has a high specificity, there is still a subset of patients with false positive tests (FP); whether these results have prognostic value remains unclear. Aims: To identify the clinical and echocardiographic predictors of FP on DSE and to evaluate the prognostic impact of FP on DSE. Methods: Retrospective study of 355 consecutive patients who underwent DSE for ischemia assessment over a one-year period: 134 (37,7%) women, 70,3 ± 0,57 years. Demographics, risk factors, clinical and laboratorial parameters and DSE variables were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups regarding the presence (FP+) or the absence (FP0) of a FP result on DSE and a comparative analysis was performed to characterize the groups and identify potencial predictors of FP results. Patients were followed for 2 years to assess acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization for acute heart failure (HF) and mortality. Results: The FP rate was 4,5%. Comparing to FP0, patients in group FP+ were younger, baseline wall motion abnormalities were more frequent, had higher mean blood pressure values at rest and at peak stage and more often hypertensive response. There were no significant differences regarding previous coronary artery disease, medication or complete left bundle branch block. By multivariate analysis, only mean blood pressure values at rest (OR 0,01; 95%CI 0,005-0,02; p=0,003) and at peak stage (OR 0,02; 95%CI 0,000-0,004; p=0,003) were independent predictors of FP. During follow-up was observed: acute myocardial infarction (FP+: 12,5% vs FP0: 1,8%, p=0,046), HF (FP+: 6,3% vs FP0: 11,5%, p=0,44) and mortality (FP+: 6,3% vs FP0: 6,2%, p=0,65). After adjustment for age, sex and comorbidities, there were no diferences between the groups regarding HF and mortality, but the group FP+ mantained a higher rate of acute myocardial infarction (OR 0,21; 95%CI 0,065-0,354; p=0,005). Conclusion: A FP result on DSE was associated with higher mean blood pressure values during the test and with higher rates of acute myocardial infarction during follow-up. This result on DSE should therefore be faced as a risk marker for ischemic events and can identify patients that may benefit from aggressive risk factor control and careful clinical follow-up.

Lakes in subtropical regions are highly susceptible to eutrophication due to the heavy rainfall, which causes significant runoff of pollutants (e.g., nutrients) to reach surface waters, altering the water quality and influencing the microbial communities that regulate the biogeochemical cycles within these ecosystems. Lake Cajititlán is a shallow, subtropical, and endorheic lake in western Mexico. Nutrient pollution from agricultural activity and wastewater discharge have affected the lake’s water quality, leading the reservoir to a hypereutrophic state, resulting in episodes of fish mortality during the rainy season. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of bacterial communities within Lake Cajititlán and their genes associated with the nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and carbon biogeochemical cycles during the rainy season, as well as the influences of physicochemical and environmental variables on such dynamics. Significant temporal variations were observed in the composition of bacterial communities, of which Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera. The climatological parameters that were most correlated with the bacterial communities and their functional profiles were pH, DO, ORP, turbidity, TN, EC, NH4+, and NO3–. The bacterial communities displayed variations in their functional composition for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolisms during the sampling months. The bacterial communities within the lake are highly susceptible to nutrient loads and low DO levels during the rainy season. Bacterial communities had a higher relative abundance of genes associated with denitrification, nitrogen fixation, assimilatory sulfate reduction, cysteine, SOX system, and all phosphorus metabolic pathways. The results obtained here enrich our understanding of the bidirectional interactions between bacterial communities and major biogeochemical processes in eutrophic subtropical lakes.

Septoglomus mexicanum is here described as a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. It was isolated from rhizospheric soil of two endemic Mexican legumes: Prosopis laevigata and Mimosa luisana, which grow in semiarid regions of central Mexico. Septoglomus mexicanum is characterized by forming globose spores of (154.5-)202.8(-228.9) µm diam and a spore wall consisting of four layers (SWL1-SWL4): outer wall layer (SWL1) hyaline, evanescent, (1.7-)3.2(-4.3) µm thick; SWL2 laminate and smooth, orange to reddish orange, (3.1-)4.5(-6.1) µm thick; SWL3 laminate, smooth, reddish orange to reddish brown, (4.1-)5.1(-5.7) µm thick; and SWL4 hyaline, semiflexible, (0.93-)1.2(-1.4) µm thick. None of the spore wall layers stain with Melzer's reagent. The subtending hypha has a color from yellowish to golden and presents a septum on spore base. Septoglomus mexicanum can be distinguished from all other Septoglomus species by spore size and color, by spore wall structure (four layers), and by color change of the subtending hypha. Phylogenetic analysis based on the AMF extended DNA barcode covering a 1.5-kb fragment of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), and the large subunit (LSU) of rRNA genes places S. mexicanum in the genus Septoglomus, separated from other described Septoglomus species, especially S. turnauae, with whom it could be confused morphologically. All available sequences in public databases suggest that this new fungal species has not yet been previously detected. Thus, there are currently 149 Glomeromycota species registered in Mexico, representing 47.4% of the known species worldwide.

Avocado fruit contains lipid derivatives with antimicrobial properties called acetogenins. In this study, antimicrobial spectrum of purified acetogenins was characterized. Additionally, eight Gram-positive bacteria were exposed to commercial food preservatives (Nisaplin® and Mirenat®) for comparison. Acetogenins were also added to a food system containing meat, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and stored at 20°C and 4°C. Avocado seed extract (Avosafe®) contained 71.3% w/w total acetogenins, its main components were AcO-avocadene and persenone A (22.05 ± 1.84 and 20.14 ± 1.40% w/w, respectively). Avosafe® (15 µg disc−1) inhibited Gram-positive bacteria, with higher efficacy towards spore-formers (Clostridium sporogenes, C. perfringens, Bacillus subtilis, and Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius). Acetogenins’ inhibition zones were 2–4 times higher compared to Nisaplin® and Mirenat® for Gram-positive bacteria, except for Staphylococcus aureus. During refrigerated storage (4°C, 72 d), Avosafe® inhibited L. monocytogenes completely; decreasing initial 3-log inoculum to undetectable levels within 3 h, and maintaining the effect to completion.

Through the intersectionality of a feminist approach and a phenomenological lens, this article examines groups of women who use social media to enact resis-tance against street harassment, derogatory expressions against women, piropos, and “locker room talk.” The analysis focuses on the project “#Ropasucia” by writ-ers/artists Maricela Guerrero, Paula Abramo, and Xitlali Rodriguez Mendoza,who conceived a project that forcibly identifies—by employing a public stage such as the Internet—how a perpetrator’s remarks obligate women to react and share their experiences. The artists then interpreted their project’s results using large-scale artistic installations exhibiting interior clothing and soap. In the project “No me llamo mamacita; arte vs. acoso callejero,” we explore how illocutionary forces combat verbal violence/harassment in public and semi-public spaces in the nation’s capital, Mexico City, as well as how catcalling not only affects self-esteem but translates to increased statistics of violence in both public and private spaces. In viewing violent assaults and aggression as phenomenological events, we discuss how artists convert language, “dirty laundry” (undergarments), soap, drawings, and posters into tools for writing the human, women experience as a phenomenon of a response against verbal violence. Connecting these artistic works to others similar in nature across the world, we demonstrate the global trend of women rising in resistance

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Música, O presente relatório visa refletir todo o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio profissional inserido no Mestrado em Ensino de Música do Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho no ano letivo de 2019/2020. Este relatório resulta do estágio desenvolvido no Conservatório de Música Calouste Gulbenkian, nos grupos de recrutamento M04 (clarinete) e M32 (Conjuntos Vocais e ou Instrumentais; Orquestra; Música de Câmara; Coro; Classe de Conjunto). Dada a constatação que o fato de tocar em conjunto é um fator motivacional no desenvolvimento das capacidades musicais e pessoais dos alunos, esta intervenção visa demonstrar de que forma é que a prática da música de câmara impacta a execução individual. Primeiramente, foi realizada a observação de aulas lecionadas pelos professores cooperantes, com o objetivo de compreender e contextualizar o perfil de cada aluno. Seguidamente, foi elaborada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com o intuito de enquadrar a música de câmara num contexto real apresentando as várias perspetivas de diferentes autores. Simultaneamente, foram elaboradas planificações das aulas lecionadas, com o objetivo de perceber de que forma é que a música de câmara influência os alunos. Adicionalmente, é também observado o impacto que as aulas de acompanhamento com piano têm na motivação e na capacidade de comunicação do aluno. No seguimento da recolha de dados, foram utilizados instrumentos como pesquisas bibliográficas, grelhas de observação de aulas e questionários aos alunos intervenientes. Num contexto informal, foi também adquirido conhecimento através da experiência e exemplo dos professores cooperantes. Os resultados deste Projeto de Intervenção Supervisionada, corresponderam às expetativas criadas no início do mesmo, sendo que a motivação é considerada na sua maioria como a chave do sucesso no desenvolvimento musical do aluno. Desta forma, os alunos consideram relevante a prática em conjunto especialmente a música de câmara. Em suma, a prática da música de câmara está paralelemente relacionada com a motivação, sendo que quanto maior exposição a este tipo de prática, maior a motivação dos alunos., This report aims to reflect all the work developed during the professional internship inserted in the Master in Music Teaching of the Institute of Education of the University of Minho in the school year 2019/2020. This report results from the internship developed at the Calouste Gulbenkian Conservatory of Music, in the recruitment groups M04 (clarinet) and M32 (Vocal and/or Instrumental Sets; Orchestra; Chamber Music; Choir; Ensemble Class). Given the fact that playing together is a motivational factor in the development of students' musical and personal skills, this intervention is intended to demonstrate how the practice of chamber music impacts individual performance. Firstly, the observation of classes conducted by the cooperating teachers was carried out, with the objective of understanding and contextualizing the profile of each student. Then, a bibliographical research was elaborated with the purpose of contextualizing chamber music in a real context presenting the various perspectives of different authors. Simultaneously, lesson plans were elaborated, with the goal of understanding how chamber music influences the students. In addition, the impact that the piano accompaniment classes have on the student's motivation and communication skills is also observed. Following the data survey, tools such as bibliographic research, class observation grids and questionnaires were used to the students involved. In a more informal context, knowledge was also acquired through the experience and example of the cooperating teachers. The results of this Supervised Intervention Project, corresponded to the expectations created at the beginning of it, with motivation being considered in its majority as the key to success in the student's musical development. In this way, the students consider relevant the practice together especially the chamber music. In summary, the practice of chamber music is related to motivation, and the greater exposure to this type of practice, the greater the students' motivation.

Lake Cajititlán is a small, shallow, subtropical lake located in an endorheic basin in western Mexico. It is characterized by a strong seasonality of climate with pronounced wet and dry seasons and has been classified as a hypereutrophic lake. This eutrophication was driven by improperly treated sewage discharges from four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and by excessive agricultural activities, including the overuse of fertilizers that reach the lake through surface runoff during the rainy season. This nutrient rich runoff has caused algal blooms, which have led to anoxic or hypoxic conditions, resulting in large-scale fish deaths that have occurred during or immediately after the rainy season. This study investigated the changes in the phytoplankton community in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season and the association between these changes and the physicochemical water quality and environmental parameters measured in the lake’s basin.PlanktothrixandCylindrospermopsiswere the dominant genera of the cyanobacterial community, while the Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Trebouxiophyceae classes dominated the microalgae community. However, the results showed a significant temporal shift in the phytoplankton communities in Lake Cajititlán induced by the rainy season. The findings of this study suggest that significant climatic variations cause high seasonal surface runoff and rapid changes in the water quality (Chlorophyll-a, DO, NH4+, and NO3–) and in variations in the composition of the phytoplankton community. Finally, an alternation between phosphorus and nitrogen limitation was observed in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season, clearly correlating to the presence ofPlanktothrixwhen the lake was limited by phosphorus and to the presence ofCylindrospermopsiswhen the lake was limited by nitrogen. The evidence presented in this study supports the idea that the death of fish in Lake Cajititlán could be mainly caused by anoxia, caused by rapid changes in water quality during the rainy season. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first study on the phytoplankton community in a subtropical lake during the rainy season using high throughput 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Harsh environmental conditions in drylands force plants and their associated microbial communities to adapt to abiotic stresses. In semi-arid environments, climatic conditions and poor agricultural management have a strong impact on plant yield and thus, enhancing soil fertility by means of beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been proposed as part of sustainable agricultural management. As drylands will increase due to climate change, studying microbial community dynamics of crops under such conditions is crucial as it might favor rhizobacteria adapted to drought. While the microbiome of many native dryland crops has been characterized, the microbial community composition from non-native crops under semi-arid environmental conditions is understudied. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial community associated with the roots of three crops with different growth cycles, cultivated in the same semi-arid environment, to understand their microbial community composition during the season with the highest temperature in northeast Mexico. We performed high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from root samples of Pequin pepper, soybean and orange trees. Classified taxa were evaluated according to crop, sampling time and climatological parameters. Our findings revealed that changes in temporal dynamics of microbial communities correlate with environmental temperature. Moreover, the microbial community of pepper was more diverse and differed from that of soybean and orange. Regarding PGPR, 47.6% of the genera were shared among crops with a high relative abundance of Bacillus, but we also detected crop-specific microbial associations where Serratia was specific to orange trees and Rhodobacter to pepper. When analyzing PGPR in correlation to climatological parameters, Bacillus was found to thrive under lower precipitation rates, higher temperatures and higher evaporation rates in pepper and orange. In contrast, some PGPR commonly used in commercial biofertilizers such as Rhizobium and Azospirillum were affected by high temperatures. This study provides a better understanding of the rhizobacterial assemblies of economically relevant crops grown under a semi-arid environment.

The plant wound-response is a complex process that generates changes in physiological, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms. The objective of the present study was to increase our understanding of the genetic wound-response of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) as an early (1 h) and late response (9 h) to two different wounding intensities (florets and chops) through transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq. Chops generated the highest differential expression at both, early and late response; in the early response, genes that showed the highest upregulation were those involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid pathway, whereas in the late response those involved in amino acid and indolyl glucosinolate biosynthesis were upregulated. Likewise, in florets, only a few genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were induced, mainly in the early response. The information generated will help to elucidate effective strategies leading to the enhancement of nutraceutical characteristics and shelf-life stability of fresh-cut broccoli products.

Las agroempresas de bovinos lecheros en el país son muy heterogéneas, por lo que es necesario clasificarlas para su análisis y mejora adecuada. El objetivo del trabajo fue estratificar productores de lechería familiar de Los Altos de Jalisco que utilizaron el desarrollo tecnológico de asesoría y consultoría CHAPINGO-AGROPEC Star con la metodología propuesta por la FAO para identificar diferencias en las características productivas de agroempresas lecheras dentro de cada estrato. Los componentes de agrupación fueron: Escolaridad (ES), Superficie Equivalente de Riego (SER), Bovino Equivalente (BE) y Nivel Tecnológico; este último se desglosó en Índices de Calidad Genética (ICG), Manejo Alimenticio (IMA), Manejo Reproductivo (IMR), Manejo Sanitario (IMS) e Infraestructura y Equipo (IIE). Se identificaron dos tipos de productores: de transición (88 %) y empresariales (12 %). Los productores de transición tuvieron en promedio 87 BE, educación básica, y una SER de 12 ha; 67 % de ellos realizó inseminación artificial (IA) más monta, y la alimentación ofrecida a su ganado fue muy variada. Los empresariales tuvieron en promedio 190 BE, educación profesional y una SER de seis ha, 100 % aplicó IA, y se proporcionó alimento balanceado al ganado. La estratificación de las agroempresas fue apropiada y útil.

Summary Anticlostridial activity of acetogenins from avocado seed was further characterised, and their stability and effectiveness under food processing conditions, and in a model food system, studied for the first time. Isolated AcO-avocadenyne (1) and AcO-avocadene (2) showed anticlostridial potential, particularly the latter molecule. Enriched acetogenins extracts, obtained at laboratory scale (EAE) and semi-commercially (Avosafe®), presented similar MIC values (3.9–9.8 ppm) and a bacteriostatic effect. Extracts bioactivity showed resistance to heat (≤120 °C), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 300–600 MPa, 3–6 min, 25 °C) and salt (≤3% w/v). In addition, the extract was most stable at pH ≥ 7.0 and potency against endospores increased after HHP treatment and exposure to pH 9.5, suggesting a positive effect on solubility or structure of particular acetogenins. In a model food system processed by HHP, acetogenins were retained; however, initial quantities gradually declined by 63% and 32% at 25 and 4 °C, respectively, at the end of the storage period (42 days). Most stable molecules (persediene (4) > persenones > AcO-avocadene (2)) possess a keto or trans-enone group at C-4 in the aliphatic chain, which could support hydrogen donation to surrounding carbon atoms and confer antioxidant activity. Active endospores were completely inhibited by 5000 ppm Avosafe® in the model food system (37 °C, 72 h) and lower concentrations (500–1000 ppm) resulted in 1–2 log reduction of a 3 log inoculum target. Efficacy information generated in the present work is considered crucial to improve scientific knowledge on spore inhibition properties of avocado acetogenins.

Por muito se discutiu a relevância do testemunho como fonte historica de pesquisa, questionando a veracidade e possibilidades metodologicas para tal. O presente artigo tem por objetivo reiterar a alternativa de uso do testemunho como fonte historica, exemplificando tal questao com a analise da obra Voluntarios do Martirio : narrativa da Revolucao de 1893, de Ângelo Dourado.

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Influenced by feedstock type and microbial inoculum, different microbial groups must precisely interact for high‐quality biogas yields. As a first approach for optimization, this study aimed to identify through time the biogas‐producing microbial community in a 10‐ton dry anaerobic digester treating cattle manure by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomics. Moreover, the associated bovine residues or feedstocks (leachate, manure, oxidation lagoon water, rumen) were also characterized to determine their contribution. A diverse and dynamic community characterized by Bacteria (82%–88%) and a considerable amount of Archaea (8%–15%) presented profiles particular to each stage of biogas production. Eukaryotes (2.6%–3.6%), mainly fungi, were a minor but stable component. Proteobacteria represented 47% of the community at the start of the run but only 18% at the end, opposite to the Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group (8% and 20%, respectively), while Firmicutes (12%–18%) and Actinobacteria (12%–32%) remained relatively constant. Methanogens of the order Methanomicrobiales represented by several species of Methanoculleus were abundant at the end of the run (77%) contrary to Methanosarcinales (11%) and Methanobacteriales (0.7%). Therefore, methanogenesis mainly occurred by the hydrogenotrophic pathway. Manure and oxidation lagoon water seemed to contribute key microorganisms, while rumen dominated by Methanobrevibacter (72%) did not proliferate in the digester. Manure particularly possessed Methanoculleus (24%) and uncultured methanogens identified by DGGE, whereas oxidation lagoon was exclusively abundant in Methanolinea (18%) and Methanosaeta (19%). Leachate, as the microbial inoculum from a previous run, adequately preserved the biogas‐producing community. These results could lead to higher biogas yields through bioaugmentation strategies by incorporating higher proportions or an enriched inoculum from the relevant feedstocks.

International audience; In this paper, we consider scheduling problems involving resources that must perform complex setup operations between the tasks they realize. To deal with such problems, we introduce a simple yet efficient iterative two-layer decision process that alternates between the fast synthesis of high-level schedules based on a coarse-grain model of setup operations, and the production of detailed schedules based on a fine-grain model. Experiments realized on representative benchmarks of a multi-robot application show the efficiency of the approach.; Dans ce papier, nous examinons les problèmes d'ordonnancement avec des ressources qui doivent effectuer des opérations de réglage complexes entre les tâches qu'elles réalisent. Pour traiter de tels problèmes, nous introduisons un processus de décision itératif simple mais efficace à deux niveaux qui alterne entre la synthèse rapide d'ordonnancements de haut niveau basée sur un modèle à gros grain des opérations de réglage et la production d'ordonnancements détaillés basés sur un modèle à grain fin. Les expérimentes réalisées sur des problèmes représentatifs d'une application multi-robots montrent l'efficacité de cette approche.

Acetogenins are bioactive fatty acid derivatives found in avocado tissues. Their efficacy as antimicrobials has been documented and initiated interest to use them as replacements of synthetic food additives. The present work focused on evaluation of multiple analytical methodologies for detection and quantification of organic solids present in a food-grade acetogenin-enriched extract (Avosafe&reg, ), and on its safety evaluations using bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) tests and acute oral toxicity to rat assays. Results confirmed chemical structures of two acetogenins as present in Avosafe&reg, (AcO-avocadyne-(0) and AcO-avocadiene B-(3)), and together with seven other previously known compounds, quantified 94.74 &plusmn, 5.77% w/w of its solids as acetogenins. Safety evaluations indicated that Avosafe&reg, was non-mutagenic and had an acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) to rats higher than the maximum concentration tested (&gt, 2000 mg&middot, kg&minus, 1), with no signs of macroscopic abnormalities in organs. Mean body weight and hematological and biochemical parameters were normal after 14 days of a single oral dose of 2000 mg&middot, 1. The results advance scientific information on the safety of avocado seed acetogenins and also generate new knowledge on profiles and concentrations of individual acetogenins found in avocado tissues (seed, pulp, and leaves) and in Avosafe&reg

Este artículo forma parte del proyecto “Hablemos Escritoras Podcast y de Proyecto Escritoras Mexicanas Contemporáneas”., La producción literaria de las escritoras mexicanas Socorro Venegas y Sylvia Aguilar Zéleny, se ha convertido en importante caja de resonancia para tratar temas como violencia infringida a niñas, niños y jóvenes, negligencia, trabajo físico a temprana edad, embarazo precoz y alcoholismo. Su obra dialoga con lo que Cristina Rivera Garza llama “la estética desapropiativa”, que produce una escritura contestataria desde donde se contribuye al bien común. Este artículo revisa en algunos cuentos comprendidos en los libros La risa de las azucenas (1997) de Venegas y Nenitas (2013) de Aguilar Zéleny, el uso de voces de menores para revelar nociones de violencia y poder, con base en las ideas sobre “tensión narrativa” de David Stromberg, quien ve que el valor narrativo del texto y la apertura del horizonte interpretativo del lector se crea en la distancia que la tensión crea entre narrador y lo dicho., The literary production of Mexican writers Socorro Venegas and Sylvia Aguilar Zeleny has turned into a sounding box for topics such as violence against children and young adults, negligence, underage labor, early pregnancy, and alcoholism. Their work establishes a dialogue with what Cristina Rivera Garza calls “des-appropriate esthetic” which leads to a narrative that responds to the common good. This article studies some short stories in the books La risa de las azucenas (1997) by Venegas and Nenitas (2013) by Aguilar Zéleny, the use of the voice of children to expose concepts of violence and power. The study is based on David Stromberg’s concept of “narrative tension”, which claims that the narrative value of a text and the reader’s interpretive horizon is based precisely on the distance created by tension between the narrator and what is being narrated.