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Introduction: Periodic evaluations are an indispensable part of any training programme. This study assessed ophthalmology residency training in Nigeria from the perspective of ophthalmology trainers. Materials and Methods: This was a nationwide web-based survey of ophthalmology trainers at the 30 institutions accredited by the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria from April 2021 to June 2021. Trainers were invited to complete a Google form via E-mail and WhatsApp. Data were collected on the characteristics of trainers and the training programme. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight (71.2%) out of 222 trainers responded to the survey comprising 67 (42.4%) males and 91 (57.6%) females, amongst whom were 97 (61.4%) subspecialists. The mean age (±standard deviation) was 51.47 ± 8.61 years (range, 38–75 years). Most respondents rated human resources (trainers and support staff) as 'much more' than adequate (n = 30, 19%), the volume of surgery as 'less or much less' than adequate (n = 82, 51.9%), the conduct of examinations as 'good' or better than good (n = 120, 75.9%) and impact of emigration of ophthalmologists on training as 'very negative' (n = 36, 22.8%). Overall, 94 (59.4%) respondents rated the quality of training as 'good' or better than good. Respondents recommended improving funding and training resources, revising the current conduct of examinations, increasing the use of appropriate technology and improving remunerations and national security. Conclusions: The majority of ophthalmology trainers rated ophthalmology residency training in Nigeria as 'good' but rated 'volume of surgery' as inadequate for training. Recommendations were made to improve the quality of training, revise examination practices and reduce the negative impact of emigration.

INTRODUCTION: Intraocular pressure changes have been reported following the various cataract surgical technique. This study aims to compare the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) variation following conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification in an indigenous black population. METHODS: a comparative cross-sectional study of adult patients aged 40 years and above who had pressure was measured with Goldman´s applanation tonometer pre-operatively and 1stday, 1st week, 1st month as well as 3rd month post-operative periods and recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean IOP changes between study groups were compared using ANOVA. P-value of 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: total of 82 patients consisting of 20(24.4%) ECCE, 32(39%) MSICS and 30(36.6%) phacoemulsification with mean preoperative 13.4mmHg, 13.5mmHg and 14.1 mmHg (p = 0.657) respectively was studied. Mean IOP increased from baseline at 1st sup day post-operative period in the ECCE and MSICS groups (13.4 ± 3.0mmHg to 13.7 ± 4.5mmHg (p = 0.84) and 13.5 ± 3.1mmHg to 15.3 ± 5.1mmHg (P = 0.48) respectively), and decrease in the phacoemulsification group (14.1 ± 2.6mmHg to 13.9 ± 3.5mmHg (p = 0.378). There was a decline in IOP in all the 3 study groups by one week post-operative period; the difference was significant only in the ECCE group (p = 0.032). By 3rd month postoperatively, there was a reduction in mean IOP when compared with pre-operative IOP the difference being greatest in the ECCE group. CONCLUSION: ECCE, MSICS, and Phacoemulsification cause a decline in IOP below preoperative levels at 3rd month postoperatively in the MSICS group.

Purpose: The study aimed at determining the associations between ocular biometry and anthropometric measurements in a Nigerian adult population. Subjects and Methods: Participants were healthy members of staff and students of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife. The height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Ocular axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometric readings (K) and corneal radius of curvature were measured with the IOL Master. Data were analysed with SPSS version 16 (IBM Corporation), and associations between ocular biometric variables and anthropometric measurements were explored. Results: Three hundred and fifty healthy participants aged 18–60 years (mean age: 34.8 ± 11.2 years) were enrolled. Height was significantly positively correlated with AL (r = 0.37, P< 0.01) and ACD (r = 0.17, P = 0.01) and negatively correlated with K (r = −0.28, P< 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between weight and AL (r = 0.13, P = 0.02) while the BMI was only negatively correlated with ACD (r = −0.11, P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, the relationship between height and AL (R2 = 0.58, P< 0.01) as well as ACD (R2= 0.11, P< 0.01) persisted. The relationship between weight and AL and that between BMI and ACD were totally abolished after controlling for age and height. Conclusion: The body height is independently associated with ocular AL and ACD while the body weight and BMI are not independently associated with any of the ocular biometric indices studied.

Introduction: We report a rare cause of keratitis, due to Cylindrocarpon lichenicola, in a farmer with keratomycosis. Despite the acknowledged virulence of this fungus, a suitable antifungal for its management was not accessible. Case presentation: A 67-year-old farmer presented with a two-week history of pain, mucopurulent discharge, redness and a corneal ulcer with a visual acuity of hand movement in the right eye. With a working diagnosis of infective keratitis, corneal scrapings were taken under a slit lamp biomicroscope for microbiological testing. Direct lactophenol cotton blue mounts revealed septate fungal hyphae, while fungal culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar at room temperature grew woolly mould phenotypically consistent with C. lichenicola. Management and outcome: The patient was started on hourly topical natamycin (5%), ciprofloxacin (0.3%), two-hourly instillation of tobramycin (0.3%) and atropine (1%) twice daily for three months following the isolation of the fungus. The eye healed with a corneal scar and no improvements in visual acuity. Discussion: This infection was difficult to manage due to the inaccessibility of a suitable antifungal, namely, voriconazole in our setting. Hence, there is a need for prompt identification and early institution of suitable antifungals in any patient with suspected keratomycosis.