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This part of the review focuses on the proposed involvement of the gut microbiota in the realization of the genetic risk of multiple sclerosis, the formation of the intestinal microbiome in early life, and provides data supporting the hypothesis that aberrant formation of the intestinal microbiota in early life may be a predisposing factor to multiple sclerosis.

The review discusses the complex role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, summarizes data from studies of changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome in patients with multiple sclerosis, and provides evidence of the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in animals, a valid model of multiple sclerosis.

Mazkur maqolada Sharq mutafakkirlarining ta’lim-tarbiya, odob-axloq masalalaridagi qarashlari, islomda bolalar tarbiyasi to’g’risida so’z yuritilgan. Shuningdek, Sharq mutafakkirlarining ijodiy faoliyatidagi ta’lim-tarbiyaga oid yondashuvlar, g’oyalar, qarashlarni yosh avlodning ongiga singdirishda tarbiya usullari va vositalarini bilish, hayotda ulardan to’g’ri foydalanish pedagogik ta’lim jarayonida o’qituvchining pedagogik mahoratidagi muhim xususiyatlardan biri ekanligi ochib berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada oʻzbek tili soʻzlarining ma’lumotlar bazasini shakllantirish, jumladan soʻzlar bazasining umumiy statistikasi ko‘rib o‘tilgan, elektron soʻzlar bazasining mantiqiy modeli ishlab chiqilgan, harflar jadvalining umumiy koʻrinishi shakllantirilgan, soʻzlar jadvalining umumiy koʻrinishi tahlil qilingan va ishlab chiqilgan.

Zamonaviy axborot kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarining rivojlanishi va ommalashishi natijasida yozma nutqning elektron shaklidan foydalanish qamrovi oshib bormoqda. Nutqni sintez qilish tizimlarining umumiy ishlash prinsipidan kelib chiqadigan bo‘lsak, jarayonning asosiy obyekti sifatida matn ko‘rib chiqiladi. Sintezni tashkil etish jarayonining asosiy qismi kiruvchi matnni tahlil qilish va unga dastlabki ishlov berish uchun sarflanadi. Berilgan tilning grammatik va leksik qoidalarining sintez jarayoniga tadbiq etilishi va boshqa tahlillar shu bosqichida amalga oshiriladi.

This study was carried out to find out the effectiveness of role play technique in improving speaking skill in English. The population of the study was the grade X students of a public school from Lamjung district. The experimental group was taught through role play while the control class was taught through the traditional grammar based techniques. The total population of this study was 40 students who were enrolled in the academic year 2018/2019. &nbsp

The primary purpose of this study was to identify students’ perception about the implementation of peer dialogue to improve speaking ability. The study operated the quantitative approaches which include survey research. This research takes the students of speaking class in English Education Department. The sample was taken from 32 females and 4 males in a class. The data was collected using questionnaire that talk about peer dialogue to improve speaking ability. Results of this study interpret students' perception of peer dialogue to improve speaking ability. &nbsp

In fact, hotels have served as a hostel for the night since time immemorial. Today, hotels have changed not only accommodation, but also all services. There are many hotels in the world and We only know the most luxurious ones, so hotels are awarded stars based on their capacity and service they provide to customers. International hotels are cheaper and more developed than hotels in Uzbekistan, and their customer service is still at a high level. In our article, we have explored the most prestigious international hotels and hotels in Uzbekistan and we conducted questionnaires with clients.

The primary purpose of this study was to identify students’ perception about the implementation of peer dialogue to improve speaking ability. The study operated the quantitative approaches which include survey research. This research takes the students of speaking class in English Education Department. The sample was taken from 32 females and 4 males in a class. The data was collected using questionnaire that talk about peer dialogue to improve speaking ability. Results of this study interpret students' perception of peer dialogue to improve speaking ability. &nbsp

The goals of this study are (1) to find out student`s speaking skills before being taught by using task-based instructions. (2) To know changes and developments of the students` speaking skills after being taught by using task based instructions. (3) To find out major differences of students` speaking skills before and after the study. &nbsp

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tili fanini o‘qitishda innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanishning samarasi va o’ziga xos usullari haqida so’z boradi. Maqola davomida ingliz tili darslarida olib boriladigann turli zamonaviy innovatsiontexnologiyalarning turlari, ulardan foydalanish usullariga alohida to’xtalib o’tilgan. Maqola so’nggida ilmiy mulohazalar va fikrlar berib o’tilgan., {"references":["1. Bekmuratova U. B. \"Ingliz tilini o'qitishda innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanish\" mavzusida referat. Toshkent — 2012 yil","2. Мухаммаджонов, Ф. М. O'rta maktab o'quvchilarining ingliz tili o'rganishda duch keladigan qiyinchiliklari","3. Johnson, K. E. The Sociocultural Turn and Its Challenges for Second Language Teacher Education. // TESOL Quarterly., – London., 2006","4. Harmer J. The Practice of English Language Teaching. – London., 2001.","5. Пассов Э. И. Общительный метод обучения иностранного разговора. – Москва., 1985."]}

Annotatsiya: Qalamtasvir – barcha tasviriy san’at turlarining asosi hisoblanadi. Talaba o‘zining kuzatishlari, katta asar kompozitsiyalari ustidagi izlanishlarini avval qalamda dastlabki chizgilari bilan tasvirlaydi va ifodalaydi. San’at asarlarini yaratishda esa, ushbu bajarilgan chizgilar rassomga yordamchi manba bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.Men ushbu maqolamda odam bosh tasvirini qalamtasvirda soddalashtirilgan usullarda bosqichma –bosqich chizishni o’rganishni yoritib berishga xarakat qildim.

This study was carried out to find out the effectiveness of role play technique in improving speaking skill in English. The population of the study was the grade X students of a public school from Lamjung district. The experimental group was taught through role play while the control class was taught through the traditional grammar based techniques. The total population of this study was 40 students who were enrolled in the academic year 2018/2019. The study was experimental approach. The tools applied in this research were observation sheet and speaking test. After 20 lessons of the teaching, the post-test of speaking was conducted in which the students in both groups were asked to answer. The results showed that there is a significant improvement in speaking skill of experimental group. It can be concluded that role play have significant effect on students’ speaking skill.

The goals of this study are (1) to find out student`s speaking skills before being taught by using task-based instructions. (2) To know changes and developments of the students` speaking skills after being taught by using task based instructions. (3) To find out major differences of students` speaking skills before and after the study. &nbsp

This article discusses the nature of gender in contemporary linguistics and rhetorical law. The biological and social differences between men and women are generally referred to as gender. The fact that words in languages can be both masculine and feminine may also be known to people. At first look, it can seem as though linguistic gender naturally mirrors gender in nature.

This article provides important skills for English learners who are learning independently. The specific features of independent learning are also analyzed

Effective intercultural communication has become a priority today because of the importance it has gained in the understanding of the cultural diversity of the world.Immigration, urbanization, international employment, study exchange programs and ease of foreign travel are facilitating daily contact between people of different cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of developing the attitudes and the communication skills necessary for multicultural exchange, in everyday life and within organizations. Learning about other cultures and developing intercultural communication competences and skills can help facilitate the multicultural encounter and can lead to more openness and tolerance towards the significant other.

Ushbu maqolada siyosiy partiyalar va ularning faoliyati, jamiyat hayotidagi o`rni va roli, bugungi kundagi muhimlik darajasi, shuningdek, ularning faol ishlashi davlat hokimiyatining legitimligi belgisi sifatida ochib berilgan.

This article raises the need to assess the level of critical thinking and the use of didactics in educational processes with younger students in educational institutions. The research follows a qualitative approach and phenomenological hermeneutics. The design sought to explore, describe, and understand the phenomenon based on the experiences of the participants to discover the common elements of those experiences. To design the study, we worked with individuals who agreed to participate in the pandemic and had access to researchers using a semi-structured interview and checklist with a sample of 10 students and 3 faculty members. institution; the elements were aimed at reaching the domains indicated in the studied categories. It can be concluded that the level of thinking of younger students is still developing since it is still difficult for them to substantiate their thoughts with arguments. Likewise, teachers know that they need to deeply analyze the texts or content being studied so that students can find hidden meanings that cause problems and develop realistic and contextual thinking skills.

Taking into account the similarities and differences in the trends of the spoken style of a particular pair of languages is one of the key conditions for achieving a high degree of equivalence in translation. An attempt was made to systematize the most striking characteristic features of the syntax of colloquial Russian and English speech. To identify the main syntactic features of English and Russian colloquial speech.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system - diseases of the heart, arteries and veins. They are many and varied. Some of these diseases (rheumatism, myocarditis, etc.) damage the heart, some arteries (atherosclerosis) or veins (for example, thrombophlebitis), others damage the entire cardiovascular system (hypertension).

Ushbu maqolada jismoniy rivojlanish va sog‘lom turmush tarzining shakllanishi rivojlanish sohasi bo‘yicha bolalarda kutilayotgan natijalar va ushbu sohaning kichik sohalari haqida yetarli ma‘lumotlar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek xalqining samimiy ijodkori O‘tkir Hoshimov ijodi va uning “Ikki eshik orasi” asari tahlil qilingan. Asarda nomi keltirilgan barcha voqealar va obrazlar, ularning badiiy funksiyasi to‘la ravishda asoslangan.