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208 results on '"ABBOTT, C."'

1. A long-term study of the magnetic field and activity in the M giant RZ Ari

Author

Konstantinova-Antova, R., Georgiev, S., Lèbre, A., Palacios, A., Morin, J., Bogdanovski, R., Abbott, C., Baron, F., Aurière, M., Drake, N. A., Tsvetkova, S., Josselin, E., Paladini, C., Mathias, P., and Zamanov, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a detailed long-term study of the single M6 III giant RZ~Ari to obtain direct and simultaneous measurements of the magnetic field, activity indicators, and radial velocity in order to infer the origin of its activity. We study its magnetic activity in the context of stellar evolution, and for this purpose, we also refined its evolutionary status and Li abundance. In general, for the M giants, little is known about the properties of the magnetic activity and its causes. RZ~Ari posses the strongest surface magnetic field of the known Zeeman-detected M giants and is bright enough to allow a deep study of its surface magnetic structure. The results are expected to shed light on the activity mechanism in these stars.

Published
2023

2. Identifying canonical and replicable multi‐scale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting‐state fMRI datasets

Author

Iraji, A, Fu, Z, Faghiri, A, Duda, M, Chen, J, Rachakonda, S, DeRamus, T, Kochunov, P, Adhikari, BM, Belger, A, Ford, JM, Mathalon, DH, Pearlson, GD, Potkin, SG, Preda, A, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, Bustillo, JR, Yang, K, Ishizuka, K, Faria, A, Sawa, A, Hutchison, K, Osuch, EA, Theberge, J, Abbott, C, Mueller, BA, Zhi, D, Zhuo, C, Liu, S, Xu, Y, Salman, M, Liu, J, Du, Y, Sui, J, Adali, T, and Calhoun, VD

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Psychology, Cognitive and Computational Psychology, Neurosciences, Psychology, Bioengineering, Clinical Research, Neurological, Humans, Brain Mapping, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Nerve Net, Brain, functional connectivity, functional templates, independent component analysis, intrinsic connectivity networks, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Despite the known benefits of data-driven approaches, the lack of approaches for identifying functional neuroimaging patterns that capture both individual variations and inter-subject correspondence limits the clinical utility of rsfMRI and its application to single-subject analyses. Here, using rsfMRI data from over 100k individuals across private and public datasets, we identify replicable multi-spatial-scale canonical intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) templates via the use of multi-model-order independent component analysis (ICA). We also study the feasibility of estimating subject-specific ICNs via spatially constrained ICA. The results show that the subject-level ICN estimations vary as a function of the ICN itself, the data length, and the spatial resolution. In general, large-scale ICNs require less data to achieve specific levels of (within- and between-subject) spatial similarity with their templates. Importantly, increasing data length can reduce an ICN's subject-level specificity, suggesting longer scans may not always be desirable. We also find a positive linear relationship between data length and spatial smoothness (possibly due to averaging over intrinsic dynamics), suggesting studies examining optimized data length should consider spatial smoothness. Finally, consistency in spatial similarity between ICNs estimated using the full data and subsets across different data lengths suggests lower within-subject spatial similarity in shorter data is not wholly defined by lower reliability in ICN estimates, but may be an indication of meaningful brain dynamics which average out as data length increases.

Published
2023

4. Action Learning and Healthcare: Affinities and Challenges

Author

Sanyal, C., Edmonstone, J., Abbott, C., Winterburn, K., and Boak, G.

Abstract

Action learning has been used in healthcare settings to bring about changes to how services are delivered, to help individuals to develop their knowledge and skills, including leadership development, and to enable the development of collective abilities and communities of practice. It is evident that there are some positive elements in the healthcare environment that support the processes of action learning -- what we might call affinities between the environment and these processes. However, those who have practised action learning in these environments also know that difficulties and disablers can arise, to derail or block the processes -- what we might, perhaps optimistically, call challenges. This paper is based on the authors' experiences as facilitators of action learning in healthcare, and also social care. Each of the authors independently identified the main affinities they had experienced and the main challenges they had encountered in their work with action learning in different organisations in health and social care. They were collected together and themes were identified. The authors then reflected on the themes and, in some cases, built on them. The purpose of the paper is to share the learning from their experiences, and to encourage others who are using action learning in these environments to consider how best to use the affinities and how best to monitor for and, where necessary, tackle the challenges.

Published
2022
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5. Random walks and quasi-convexity in acylindrically hyperbolic groups

Author

Abbott, C. and Hull, M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Geometric Topology, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Mathematics - Group Theory
Abstract

It is known that every infinite index quasi-convex subgroup $H$ of a non-elementary hyperbolic group $G$ is a free factor in a larger quasi-convex subgroup of $G$. We give a probabilistic generalization of this result. That is, we show that when $R$ is a subgroup generated by independent random walks in $G$, then $\langle H, R\rangle\cong H\ast R$ with probability going to one as the lengths of the random walks go to infinity and this subgroup is quasi-convex in $G$. Moreover, our results hold for a large class of groups acting on hyperbolic metric spaces and subgroups with quasi-convex orbits. In particular, when $G$ is the mapping class group of a surface and $H$ is a convex cocompact subgroup we show that $\langle H, R\rangle$ is convex cocompact and isomorphic to $ H\ast R$., Comment: 31 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019
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7. Extending group actions on metric spaces

Author

Abbott, C., Hume, D., and Osin, D.

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory, Mathematics - Geometric Topology
Abstract

We address the following natural extension problem for group actions: Given a group $G$, a subgroup $H\le G$, and an action of $H$ on a metric space, when is it possible to extend it to an action of the whole group $G$ on a (possibly different) metric space? When does such an extension preserve interesting properties of the original action of $H$? We begin by formalizing this problem and present a construction of an induced action which behaves well when $H$ is hyperbolically embedded in $G$. Moreover, we show that induced actions can be used to characterize hyperbolically embedded subgroups. We also obtain some results for elementary amenable groups.

Published
2017

8. Physical properties of star clusters in the outer LMC as observed by the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Pieres, A., Santiago, B., Balbinot, E., Luque, E., Queiroz, A. B. A., da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., Drlica-Wagner, A., Roodman, A., Abbott, C., Allam, S., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T. F., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Tucker, D., and Walker, A. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) harbors a rich and diverse system of star clusters, whose ages, chemical abundances, and positions provide information about the LMC history of star formation. We use Science Verification imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey to increase the census of known star clusters in the outer LMC and to derive physical parameters for a large sample of such objects using a spatially and photometrically homogeneous data set. Our sample contains 255 visually identified cluster candidates, of which 109 were not listed in any previous catalog. We quantify the crowding effect for the stellar sample produced by the DES Data Management pipeline and conclude that the stellar completeness is < 10% inside typical LMC cluster cores. We therefore develop a pipeline to sample and measure stellar magnitudes and positions around the cluster candidates using DAOPHOT. We also implement a maximum-likelihood method to fit individual density profiles and colour-magnitude diagrams. For 117 (from a total of 255) of the cluster candidates (28 uncatalogued clusters), we obtain reliable ages, metallicities, distance moduli and structural parameters, confirming their nature as physical systems. The distribution of cluster metallicities shows a radial dependence, with no clusters more metal-rich than [Fe/H] ~ -0.7 beyond 8 kpc from the LMC center. The age distribution has two peaks at ~ 1.2 Gyr and ~ 2.7 Gyr., Comment: 41 pages, 16 figures, 1 appendix

Published
2015
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9. A long-term study of the magnetic field and activity in the M giant RZ Ari

Author

Konstantinova-Antova, R., primary, Georgiev, S., additional, Lèbre, A., additional, Palacios, A., additional, Morin, J., additional, Bogdanovski, R., additional, Abbott, C., additional, Baron, F., additional, Aurière, M., additional, Drake, N. A., additional, Tsvetkova, S., additional, Josselin, E., additional, Paladini, C., additional, Mathias, P., additional, and Zamanov, R., additional

Published
2024
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10. P44 Phase 1 study of PGN-EDO51 demonstrates tolerability, delivery and high levels of exon skipping for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Author

Larkindale, J., primary, Lonkar, P., additional, Goyal, J., additional, Holland, A., additional, Foy, J., additional, Garg, B., additional, Yu, S., additional, Frank, A., additional, Abbott, C., additional, Svenstrup, N., additional, Cormier, J., additional, Vacca, S., additional, and Mellion, M., additional

Published
2023
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12. Sex-specifics of ECT outcome

Author

Blanken, M. A. J. T., Oudega, M. L., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Sonnenberg, C. S., Rhebergen, D., Klumpers, U. M. H., van Diermen, L., Birkenhager, T., Schrijvers, D., Redlich, R., Dannlowski, U., Heindel, W., Coenjaerts, M., Nordanskog, P., Oltedal, L., Kessler, U., Frid, L. M., Takamiya, A., Kishimoto, T., Jorgensen, M. B., Jorgensen, A., Bolwig, T., Emsell, L., Sienaert, P., Bouckaert, F., Abbott, C. C., Péran, P., Arbus, C., Yrondi, A., Kiebs, M., Philipsen, A., van Waarde, J. A., Prinsen, E., van Verseveld, M., van Wingen, G., ten Doesschate, F., Camprodon, J. A., Kritzer, M., Barbour, T., Argyelan, M., Cardoner, N., Urretavizcaya, M., Soriano-Mas, C., Narr, K. L., Espinoza, R. T., Prudic, J., Rowny, S., van Eijndhoven, Ph., Tendolkar, I., Dols, A., Psychiatry, APH - Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, IOO, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Brain Imaging, and ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Phenotype, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Electroconvulsive therapy, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], ECT, Sex, Human medicine, Major depressive disorder, Sex-specific, Predictor
Abstract

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for patients with severe major depressive disorder (MDD). Given the known sex differences in MDD, improved knowledge may provide more sex-specific recommendations in clinical guidelines and improve outcome. In the present study we examine sex differences in ECT outcome and its predictors. Methods: Clinical data from 20 independent sites participating in the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) were obtained for analysis, totaling 500 patients with MDD (58.6 % women) with a mean age of 54.8 years. Severity of depression before and after ECT was assessed with validated depression scales. Remission was defined as a HAM-D score of 7 points or below after ECT. Variables associated with remission were selected based on literature (i.e. depression severity at baseline, age, duration of index episode, and presence of psychotic symptoms). Results: Remission rates of ECT were independent of sex, 48.0 % in women and 45.7 % in men (X2(1) = 0.2, p = 0.70). In the logistic regression analyses, a shorter index duration was identified as a sex-specific predictor for ECT outcome in women (X2(1) = 7.05, p = 0.01). The corresponding predictive margins did show overlapping confidence intervals for men and women. Conclusion: The evidence provided by our study suggests that ECT as a biological treatment for MDD is equally effective in women and men. A shorter duration of index episode was an additional sex- specific predictor for remission in women. Future research should establish whether the confidence intervals for the corresponding predictive margins are overlapping, as we find, or not.

Published
2023

15. Sex-specifics of ECT outcome

Author

Blanken, M. A.J.T., Oudega, M. L., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Sonnenberg, C. S., Rhebergen, D., Klumpers, U. M.H., Van Diermen, L., Birkenhager, T., Schrijvers, D., Redlich, R., Dannlowski, U., Heindel, W., Coenjaerts, M., Nordanskog, P., Oltedal, L., Kessler, U., Frid, L. M., Takamiya, A., Kishimoto, T., Jorgensen, M. B., Jorgensen, A., Bolwig, T., Emsell, L., Sienaert, P., Bouckaert, F., Abbott, C. C., Péran, P., Arbus, C., Yrondi, A., Kiebs, M., Philipsen, A., van Waarde, J. A., Prinsen, E., van Verseveld, M., Van Wingen, G., ten Doesschate, F., Camprodon, J. A., Kritzer, M., Barbour, T., Argyelan, M., Cardoner, N., Urretavizcaya, M., Soriano-Mas, C., Narr, K. L., Espinoza, R. T., Prudic, J., Rowny, S., van Eijndhoven, Ph, Tendolkar, I., Dols, A., Blanken, M. A.J.T., Oudega, M. L., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Sonnenberg, C. S., Rhebergen, D., Klumpers, U. M.H., Van Diermen, L., Birkenhager, T., Schrijvers, D., Redlich, R., Dannlowski, U., Heindel, W., Coenjaerts, M., Nordanskog, P., Oltedal, L., Kessler, U., Frid, L. M., Takamiya, A., Kishimoto, T., Jorgensen, M. B., Jorgensen, A., Bolwig, T., Emsell, L., Sienaert, P., Bouckaert, F., Abbott, C. C., Péran, P., Arbus, C., Yrondi, A., Kiebs, M., Philipsen, A., van Waarde, J. A., Prinsen, E., van Verseveld, M., Van Wingen, G., ten Doesschate, F., Camprodon, J. A., Kritzer, M., Barbour, T., Argyelan, M., Cardoner, N., Urretavizcaya, M., Soriano-Mas, C., Narr, K. L., Espinoza, R. T., Prudic, J., Rowny, S., van Eijndhoven, Ph, Tendolkar, I., and Dols, A.

Abstract

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for patients with severe major depressive disorder (MDD). Given the known sex differences in MDD, improved knowledge may provide more sex-specific recommendations in clinical guidelines and improve outcome. In the present study we examine sex differences in ECT outcome and its predictors. Methods: Clinical data from 20 independent sites participating in the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) were obtained for analysis, totaling 500 patients with MDD (58.6 % women) with a mean age of 54.8 years. Severity of depression before and after ECT was assessed with validated depression scales. Remission was defined as a HAM-D score of 7 points or below after ECT. Variables associated with remission were selected based on literature (i.e. depression severity at baseline, age, duration of index episode, and presence of psychotic symptoms). Results: Remission rates of ECT were independent of sex, 48.0 % in women and 45.7 % in men (X2(1) = 0.2, p = 0.70). In the logistic regression analyses, a shorter index duration was identified as a sex-specific predictor for ECT outcome in women (X2(1) = 7.05, p = 0.01). The corresponding predictive margins did show overlapping confidence intervals for men and women. Conclusion: The evidence provided by our study suggests that ECT as a biological treatment for MDD is equally effective in women and men. A shorter duration of index episode was an additional sex- specific predictor for remission in women. Future research should establish whether the confidence intervals for the corresponding predictive margins are overlapping, as we find, or not.

Published
2023

16. Antipsychotic treatment in early onset of psychosis: an umbrella review of meta analytic evidence and a focus on side effects

Author

Besana, F., primary, De Pablo, G. Salazar, additional, Rodriguez, V., additional, Arienti, V., additional, Civardi, S.C., additional, Maraña, L., additional, Camazón, P.A., additional, Catalan, A., additional, Rogdaki, M., additional, Abbott, C., additional, Kyriakopoulos, M., additional, Fusar-Poli, P., additional, Correll, C.U., additional, and Arango, C., additional

Published
2023
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17. Canonical and Replicable Multi-Scale Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in 100k+ Resting-State fMRI Datasets

Author

Iraji, A., primary, Fu, Z., additional, Faghiri, A., additional, Duda, M., additional, Chen, J., additional, Rachakonda, S., additional, DeRamus, T., additional, Kochunov, P., additional, Adhikari, B. M., additional, Belger, A., additional, Ford, J.M., additional, Mathalon, D.H., additional, Pearlson, G.D., additional, Potkin, S.G., additional, Preda, A., additional, Turner, J.A., additional, van Erp, T.G.M., additional, Bustillo, J. R., additional, Yang, K., additional, Ishizuka, K., additional, Sawa, A., additional, Hutchison, K., additional, Osuch, E. A., additional, Theberge, Jean, additional, Abbott, C., additional, Mueller, B.A., additional, Zhi, D., additional, Zhuo, C., additional, Liu, S., additional, Xu, Y., additional, Salman, M., additional, Liu, J., additional, Du, Y., additional, Sui, J., additional, Adali, T., additional, and Calhoun, V.D., additional

Published
2022
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19. Multimodal multi-center analysis of electroconvulsive therapy effects in depression: Brainwide gray matter increase without functional changes

Author

van de Mortel, L.A., primary, Bruin, W.B., additional, Thomas, R.M., additional, Abbott, C., additional, Argyelan, M., additional, van Eijndhoven, P., additional, Mulders, P., additional, Narr, K.L., additional, Tendolkar, I., additional, Verdijk, J.P.A.J., additional, van Waarde, J.A., additional, Bartsch, H., additional, Oltedal, L., additional, and van Wingen, G.A., additional

Published
2022
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21. 223P Tumor whole genome sequencing-based ultrasensitive ctDNA analysis as an early biomarker for clinical outcome in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) phase I clinical trials (Ph1) and a tool for beyond progressive disease by iRECIST

Author

Toledo, R.D.A., García, A.M. Calahorro, Moreno, A.B., Mirallas, O., Galvao, V., Casal, G. Alonso, Vieito, M., Braña, I., Oberoi, A., Bardaji, M.J. Lostes, Keough, K.C., Navarro, F., Jimenez, J., Olano, A. Mel, Nuciforo, P.G., Abbott, C., Pugh, J.L., Chen, R., Boyle, S., and Garralda, E.

Published
2024
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22. Mycoprotein

Author

Finnigan, T., primary, Needham, L., additional, and Abbott, C., additional

Published
2017
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23. List of Contributors

Author

Abbott, C., primary, Alashi, A.M., additional, Aluko, R.E., additional, Asavajaru, P., additional, Blanchard, C., additional, Boles, E.C., additional, Carolan, M., additional, Dunkel, F.V., additional, Ercili-Cura, D., additional, Finnigan, T., additional, Flambeau, M., additional, Gulzar, M., additional, Hoogenkamp, H., additional, Johnstone, A.M., additional, Klamczynska, B., additional, Krieger, T.M., additional, Kumagai, H., additional, Lam, A., additional, Lam, R.S.H., additional, Lewis, K.A., additional, Mäkinen, O.E., additional, Marambe, H.K., additional, Matlock, M.D., additional, McBey, D., additional, McCarty, J.A., additional, Minnaar, A., additional, Mooney, W.D., additional, Nadathur, S.R., additional, Neacsu, M., additional, Needham, L., additional, Orcutt, M.W., additional, Orona-Tamayo, D., additional, Paredes-López, O., additional, Paulsen, P.V., additional, Poutanen, K., additional, Pudel, F., additional, Redl, A., additional, Respondek, F., additional, Samaranayaka, A., additional, Sandefur, H.N., additional, Santra, D.K., additional, Scanlin, L., additional, Schoenlechner, R., additional, Sozer, N., additional, Tan, S., additional, Taylor, J., additional, Taylor, J.R.N., additional, Thrane, M., additional, Tulbek, M.C., additional, Valverde, M.E., additional, van de Noort, M., additional, Van Huis, A., additional, Wanasundara, J.P.D., additional, and Wang, Y.(C.), additional

Published
2017
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25. Multimodal multi-center analysis of electroconvulsive therapy effects in depression: Brainwide gray matter increase without functional changes

Author

Mortel, L.A. van de, Bruin, W.B., Thomas, R.M., Abbott, C., Argyelan, M., Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van, Mulders, P., Tendolkar, I., Oltedal, L., Wingen, G.A. van, Mortel, L.A. van de, Bruin, W.B., Thomas, R.M., Abbott, C., Argyelan, M., Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van, Mulders, P., Tendolkar, I., Oltedal, L., and Wingen, G.A. van

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 283841.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

27. Distressing psychotic-like experiences, cognitive functioning and early developmental markers in clinically referred young people aged 8–18 years

Author

Barnes, G. L., primary, Stewart, C., additional, Browning, S., additional, Bracegirdle, K., additional, Laurens, K. R., additional, Gin, K., additional, Hirsch, C., additional, Abbott, C., additional, Onwumere, J., additional, Banerjea, P., additional, Kuipers, E., additional, and Jolley, S., additional

Published
2021
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30. Psychosocial predictors of distressing unusual experiences in adolescence: Testing the fit of an adult cognitive model of psychosis.

Author

Gin, K, Stewart, C, Abbott, C, Banerjea, P, Bracegirdle, K, Browning, S, Byrne, M, Emsley, R, Ginestet, C, Hirsch, C, Kuipers, E, Laurens, KR, Onwumere, J, Plant, D, Valmaggia, L, Jolley, S, Gin, K, Stewart, C, Abbott, C, Banerjea, P, Bracegirdle, K, Browning, S, Byrne, M, Emsley, R, Ginestet, C, Hirsch, C, Kuipers, E, Laurens, KR, Onwumere, J, Plant, D, Valmaggia, L, and Jolley, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: For adults with psychosis, international guidelines recommend individual and family based cognitive behavioural therapy interventions. Recommendations are extended to children and adolescents, based on adult research. It is also recommended that psychological interventions are offered for childhood presentations of psychotic-like or Unusual Experiences (UE), in the absence of a formal diagnosis, when these are Distressing (UEDs). Cognitive models underpinning these interventions require testing in adolescent populations, to further refine therapies. We address this need, by testing for the first time, the application of the adult cognitive model of psychosis to adolescent UEDs. METHODS: We used baseline data from the Coping with Unusual ExperienceS (CUES+) randomised controlled trial for 122 clinically referred adolescents (12-18 years) with self-reported UEDs. Known psychological mechanisms of adult cognitive models of psychosis; negative life events, affect (anxiety and depression), reasoning (jumping to conclusions bias), and schemas were investigated using multiple linear regression models, alongside variables particularly associated with the development and severity of adolescent UEDs and UE type (dissociation, externalising/behavioural problems, managing emotions). RESULTS: The psychological mechanisms of adult cognitive models of psychosis explained 89% of the total variance of adolescent UED severity, F (10, 106) = 99.34, p < .0005, r2 = 0.89, with schemas as the principal significant contributor. Variance explained 40 - 72% across each of the UE types (paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, paranormal thinking and grandiosity). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the psychological components of adult cognitive models of psychosis, particularly schemas, are also implicated in adolescent UEDs.

Published
2021

31. Diagnosis of neuropathy and risk factors for corneal nerve loss in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A corneal confocal microscopy study

Author

Ferdousi, M, Kalteniece, A, Azmi, S, Petropoulos, IN, Ponirakis, G, Alam, U, Asghar, O, Marshall, A, Fullwood, C, Jeziorska, M, Abbott, C, Lauria, G, Faber, CG, Soran, H, Efron, N, Boulton, AJM, Malik, RA, Ferdousi, M, Kalteniece, A, Azmi, S, Petropoulos, IN, Ponirakis, G, Alam, U, Asghar, O, Marshall, A, Fullwood, C, Jeziorska, M, Abbott, C, Lauria, G, Faber, CG, Soran, H, Efron, N, Boulton, AJM, and Malik, RA

Abstract

© 2020 by the American Diabetes Association. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and the risk factors for corneal nerve loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 490 participants, including 72 healthy control subjects, 149 with type 1 diabetes, and 269 with type 2 diabetes, underwent detailed assessment of peripheral neuropathy and CCM in relation to risk factors. RESULTS Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), corneal nerve fiber branch density (CNBD) (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.02) were significantly lower in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with control subjects. CNFD (P < 0.0001), CNBD (P < 0.0001), and CNFL (P < 0.0001) were lower in type 1 diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the diagnosis of DPN demonstrated a good area under the curve for CNFD of 0.81, CNBD of 0.74, and CNFL of 0.73. Multivariable regression analysis showed a significant association among reduced CNFL with age (b =-0.27, P = 0.007), HbA1c (b=-1.1; P = 0.01), and weight (b=-0.14; P = 0.03) in patients with type 2 diabetes and with duration of diabetes (b=-0.13; P = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (b=1.8, P = 0.04), and triglycerides (b =-2.87; P = 0.009) in patients with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS CCM identifies more severe corneal nerve loss in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes and shows good diagnostic accuracy for DPN. Furthermore, the risk factors for a reduction in corneal nerve fiber length differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Published
2021

33. Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks in Long Term Care Facilities in England: a national survey

Author

Andrew Hayward, Sapphira Thorne, Katie Sharp, Alasdair Donaldson, Leone Wardman, Gemma Hallatt, Maria Krutikov, Danielle Burke, Owen Abbott C Stat, Laura Shallcross, and Susan Hopkins

Subjects
Long-term care, Isolation (health care), business.industry, Environmental health, Pandemic, Prevalence, Staffing, Outbreak, Infection control, Medicine, Context (language use), business
Abstract

BackgroundOutbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 have occurred worldwide in Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), but the reasons why some facilities are particularly vulnerable to infection are poorly understood. We aimed to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks in LTCFs.MethodsCross-sectional survey of all LTCFs providing dementia care or care to adults >65 years in England with linkage to SARS-CoV-2 test results. Exposures included: LTCF characteristics, staffing factors, and use of disease control measures. Main outcomes included risk factors for infection and outbreaks, estimated using multivariable logistic regression, and survey and test-based weighted estimates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence.Findings5126/9081 (56%) LTCFs participated in the survey, with 160,033 residents and 248,594 staff. The weighted period prevalence of infection in residents and staff respectively was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.9-11.1%) and 3.8% (95%: 3.4-4.2%) and 2724 LTCFs (53.1%) had ≥1 infection. Odds of infection and/or outbreaks were reduced in LTCFs that paid sickness pay, cohorted staff, did not employ agency staff and had higher staff to resident ratios. Higher odds of infection and outbreaks were identified in facilities with more admissions, lower cleaning frequency, poor compliance with isolation and “for profit” status.InterpretationHalf of LTCFs had no cases suggesting they remain vulnerable to outbreaks. Reducing transmission from staff requires adequate sick pay, minimal use of temporary staff, improved staffing ratios and staff cohorting. Transmission from residents is associated with the number of admissions to the facility and poor compliance with isolation.FundingUK Government Department of Health & Social CareResearch in contextEvidence before this studyCOVID-19 outbreaks have occurred worldwide in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), which provide care to elderly and vulnerable residents, and are associated with high mortality. The reasons why LTCFs are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 are poorly understood. Most studies of risk factors for COVID-19 to date have been limited by scale, and poor quality administrative, demographic and infection control data. We conducted a systematic search on 27 July 2020 in MEDLINE Ovid, WHO COVID-19 database and in MedRxiv to identify studies reporting risk factors for COVID-19 infection or outbreaks in LTCFs, with no date or language restrictions. We used the search terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus” and “care home”, “nursing home”, “long term care facilit” and excluded studies that did not investigate LTCF-level risk factors. 14 studies met our inclusion criteria comprising 11 cross-sectional studies and 3 surveys. The largest cross-sectional study was conducted in 9395 specialised nursing facilities across 30 states in USA; the largest survey was conducted in 124 LTCFs in Haute-Garrone region of France. Risk of bias was high across all studies, and results could not be pooled due to heterogeneity between studies. Main risk factors for infection and/or outbreaks related to the size of the facility, lower ratios of staff to residents, urban location, higher occupancy, and the community prevalence of infection. Only one study collected data on the use of disease control measures during the pandemic, and no studies provided data on risk factors such as the use of temporary staff, or the impact of staff working across multiple locations.Added value of this studyWe conducted a national telephone survey with managers of all LTCFs in England which provided dementia care or care to residents aged > 65 years to collect data on the number of staff and residents in each facility, confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, characteristics of the facility e.g.size, staffing (use of temporary staff, staffing ratios, sickness pay) and disease control measures such as cohorting and isolation. We identified risk factors for infection in residents and staff, outbreaks (defined as ≥1 case per LTCF) and large outbreaks using logistic regression. We also estimated the proportion of staff and residents who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Responses were obtained from 5126 of out 9081 (56%) of eligible LTCFs. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most detailed survey of risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks that has been conducted in LTCFs.Implications of all the available evidenceAlmost half of LTCFs surveyed in this study did not report any cases of infection, and remain vulnerable to infection and outbreaks, highlighting the need for effective control measures. Reducing transmission from staff requires adequate sick pay, minimal use of temporary staff, improved staffing ratios and staff cohorting. Transmission from residents is associated with the number of admissions to the facility and poor compliance with control measures such as isolation.

Published
2020

34. Contributions of common genetic variants to risk of schizophrenia among individuals of African and Latino ancestry

Author

Macedo, A., Evgrafov, O.V., McCarroll, S.A., Marder, S.R., Vawter, M.P., Bromet, E.J., Sullivan, P.F., Purcell, S.M., Azevedo, M.H., Kotov, R., Rakofsky, J.J., Nicolini, H., Moran, J.L., Pato, M.T., Genovese, G., Dumont, A.L., Fochtmann, L.J., Braff, D.L., Smoller, J.W., Peterson, R.E., Bigdeli, T.B, Chapman, S.B., Rapaport, M.H., Belliveau, R.A., Kennedy, J.L., Achtyes, E.D., O'Dushlaine, C., Nemesh, J., Sklar, B.M., Medeiros, H., Perkins, D.O., Sklar, P., Iyegbe, C.O., Escamilla, M.A., Bevilacqua, E., Knowles, J.A., Scolnick, E.M., Morley, C.P., Carvalho, C.B., Sobell, J.L., Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC) Consortium, Malaspina, D., Lehrer, D.S., Gage, D., DeLisi, L.E., Macciardi, F., Dewan, M.J., Meyers, J.L., Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) Investigators, Abbott, C., Kinkead, B., Georgakopoulos, P., Gur, R.E., Stahl, E.A., Gur, R.C., Valderrama, J., Buckley, P.F., Byerley, W., and Pato, C.N.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a common, chronic and debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome affecting tens of millions of individuals worldwide. While rare genetic variants play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia, most of the currently explained liability is within common variation, suggesting that variation predating the human diaspora out of Africa harbors a large fraction of the common variant attributable heritability. However, common variant association studies in schizophrenia have concentrated mainly on cohorts of European descent. We describe genome-wide association studies of 6152 cases and 3918 controls of admixed African ancestry, and of 1234 cases and 3090 controls of Latino ancestry, representing the largest such study in these populations to date. Combining results from the samples with African ancestry with summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) study of schizophrenia yielded seven newly genome-wide significant loci, and we identified an additional eight loci by incorporating the results from samples with Latino ancestry. Leveraging population differences in patterns of linkage disequilibrium, we achieve improved fine-mapping resolution at 22 previously reported and 4 newly significant loci. Polygenic risk score profiling revealed improved prediction based on trans-ancestry meta-analysis results for admixed African (Nagelkerke���s R2 = 0.032; liability R2 = 0.017; P < 10���52), Latino (Nagelkerke���s R2 = 0.089; liability R2 = 0.021; P < 10���58), and European individuals (Nagelkerke���s R2 = 0.089; liability R2 = 0.037; P < 10���113), further highlighting the advantages of incorporating data from diverse human populations.

Published
2020
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35. Brain changes induced by electroconvulsive therapy are broadly distributed

Author

Ousdal, Olga Therese, Argyelan, M., Narr, K.L., Abbott, C., Wade, Benjamin, Vandenbulcke, Mathieu, Tendolkar, I., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Petrides, Georgios, Sienaert, P., Ousdal, Olga Therese, Argyelan, M., Narr, K.L., Abbott, C., Wade, Benjamin, Vandenbulcke, Mathieu, Tendolkar, I., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Petrides, Georgios, and Sienaert, P.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 216694.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

36. A suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis: initial functional results

Author

Allen, PJ, Nayagam D A, X, Luu C, D, Barnes, N, Kolic, M, Young, K, Baglin E, K, Abbott C, J, Briggs R, J, Yeoh, J, Kentler W, G, Kvansakul, J, Titchener S, A, Petoe M, A, and Williams C, E

Subjects
ddc: 610, genetic structures, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: The success of our prototype clinical trial (NCT01603576) of a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis led us to develop a second generation fully implantable device, with the aim of providing visual information to profoundly visually impaired patients (NCT03406416). We believe that enabling the[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2019

Published
2019
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37. 44-channel suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis clinical trial: interim device status update 1 year post-implantation

Author

Nayagam, DAX, Petoe M, A, Titchener S, A, Kolic, M, Baglin E, K, Abbott C, J, Luu C, D, Epp S, B, Thien, P, Kvansakul, J, Shivdasani M, N, Kentler W, G, Burns, O, Villalobos, J, Millard, R, Seligman, P, Yeoh, J, Briggs R, J, Shepherd R, K, Williams C, E, and Allen P, J

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine, environment and public health
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the functionality and mechano-electrical stability of our suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis (SRP) in clinical trial participants. Methods: 4 patients were implanted with a generation-2 SRP (Feb-Aug, 2018; ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03406416). The implant had 44 platinum electrodes[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2019

Published
2019
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38. Perception of motion in a 2nd generation suprachoroidal retinal implant

Author

Titchener, Samuel A., Petoe, M. A., Kvansakul, J., Shivdasani, M. N., Fallon, J. B., Nayagam, D. A .X., Epp, S. B., Williams, C. E., Barnes, N., Kentler, W. G., Kolic, M., Baglin, E. K., Abbott, C. J., Luu, C. D., and Allen, P. J.

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether perception of motion is achievable with a 2nd generation suprachoroidal retinal implant. Methods: Three participants (PA, PB, PC) implanted with a 44-channel suprachoroidal retinal implant performed a 4AFC motion discrimination task. Stimuli were a single white vertical[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2019

Published
2019

39. A suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis: surgical safety and stability

Author

Allen, Penelope J., Nayagam, D. A. X., Epp, S. B., Luu, C. D., Barnes, N., Kolic, M., Young, K., Baglin, E. K., Abbott, C. J., Briggs, R. J., Yeoh, J., Kentler, W. G., Titchener, S. A., Petoe, M. A., and Williams, C. E.

Subjects
genetic structures, ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: The success of our prototype clinical trial (NCT01603576) of a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis led us to develop a second generation fully implantable device, with the aim of providing visual information to profoundly visually impaired patients. Materials and methods: Four patients[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2019

Published
2019

40. Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks in Long Term Care Facilities in England: a national survey

Author

Shallcross, Laura, primary, Burke, Danielle, additional, Stat, Owen Abbott C, additional, Donaldson, Alasdair, additional, Hallatt, Gemma, additional, Hayward, Andrew, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Krutikov, Maria, additional, Sharp, Katie, additional, Wardman, Leone, additional, and Thorne, Sapphira, additional

Published
2020
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46. Electric field causes volumetric changes in the human brain

Author

Argyelan, M., Oltedal, L., Deng, Zhi-De, Wade, Benjamin, Bikson, Marom, Joanlanne, Andrea, Tendolkar, I., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Malhotra, Anil K., Abbott, C., Argyelan, M., Oltedal, L., Deng, Zhi-De, Wade, Benjamin, Bikson, Marom, Joanlanne, Andrea, Tendolkar, I., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Malhotra, Anil K., and Abbott, C.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 213595.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2019

47. Perception of motion in a 2nd generation suprachoroidal retinal implant

Author

Titchener, SA, Petoe M, A, Kvansakul, J, Shivdasani M, N, Fallon J, B, Nayagam D A, X, Epp S, B, Williams C, E, Barnes, N, Kentler W, G, Kolic, M, Baglin E, K, Abbott C, J, Luu C, D, Allen P, J, Titchener, SA, Petoe M, A, Kvansakul, J, Shivdasani M, N, Fallon J, B, Nayagam D A, X, Epp S, B, Williams C, E, Barnes, N, Kentler W, G, Kolic, M, Baglin E, K, Abbott C, J, Luu C, D, and Allen P, J

Published
2019

49. Engineering and evaluation of a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis

Author

Petoe, M, Nayagam, D, Shivdasani, M, Villalobos, J, Burns, O, Thien, P, Epp, S, McGowan, C, Williams, RA, Salinas-LaRosa, CM, Abbott, C, Brandli, A, Yeoh, J, Korikkar, M, Titchener, S, Seligman, P, Kentler, W, Barnes, N, Walker, J, Dengate, R, Scott, A, Luu, C, Ayton, L, Williams, C, Shepherd, R, and Allen, P

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: To describe ongoing safety evaluation and preparation for human clinical trial of our 44-channel suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. Materials and Methods: Hardware and software development of a portable vision processor has been concurrent with pre-clinical assessment of the 44-channel[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2017

Published
2017
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50. Volume of the Human Hippocampus and Clinical Response Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

Author

Oltedal, L., Narr, K.L., Abbott, C., Anand, A., Argyelan, M., Bartsch, H., Dannlowski, U., Dols, A., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Emsell, L., Erchinger, V.J., Espinoza, R., Hahn, T., Hanson, L.G., Hellemann, G., Jorgensen, M.B., Kessler, U., Oudega, M.L., Paulson, O.B., Redlich, R., Sienaert, P., Stek, M.L., Tendolkar, I., Vandenbulcke, M., Oedegaard, K.J., Dale, A.M., Oltedal, L., Narr, K.L., Abbott, C., Anand, A., Argyelan, M., Bartsch, H., Dannlowski, U., Dols, A., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Emsell, L., Erchinger, V.J., Espinoza, R., Hahn, T., Hanson, L.G., Hellemann, G., Jorgensen, M.B., Kessler, U., Oudega, M.L., Paulson, O.B., Redlich, R., Sienaert, P., Stek, M.L., Tendolkar, I., Vandenbulcke, M., Oedegaard, K.J., and Dale, A.M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 196725.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Hippocampal enlargements are commonly reported after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To clarify mechanisms, we examined if ECT-induced hippocampal volume change relates to dose (number of ECT sessions and electrode placement) and acts as a biomarker of clinical outcome. METHODS: Longitudinal neuroimaging and clinical data from 10 independent sites participating in the Global ECT-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) were obtained for mega-analysis. Hippocampal volumes were extracted from structural magnetic resonance images, acquired before and after patients (n = 281) experiencing a major depressive episode completed an ECT treatment series using right unilateral and bilateral stimulation. Untreated nondepressed control subjects (n = 95) were scanned twice. RESULTS: The linear component of hippocampal volume change was 0.28% (SE 0.08) per ECT session (p < .001). Volume change varied by electrode placement in the left hippocampus (bilateral, 3.3 +/- 2.2%, d = 1.5; right unilateral, 1.6 +/- 2.1%, d = 0.8; p < .0001) but not the right hippocampus (bilateral, 3.0 +/- 1.7%, d = 1.8; right unilateral, 2.7 +/- 2.0%, d = 1.4; p = .36). Volume change for electrode placement per ECT session varied similarly by hemisphere. Individuals with greater treatment-related volume increases had poorer outcomes (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale change -1.0 [SE 0.35], per 1% volume increase, p = .005), although the effects were not significant after controlling for ECT number (slope -0.69 [SE 0.38], p = .069). CONCLUSIONS: The number of ECT sessions and electrode placement impacts the extent and laterality of hippocampal enlargement, but volume change is not positively associated with clinical outcome. The results suggest that the high efficacy of ECT is not explained by hippocampal enlargement, which alone might not serve as a viable biomarker for treatment outcome.

Published
2018

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