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The financially challenging work of creative professionals is a widely recognized concern, and uncovering the root causes of such challenges requires more explorations into the impact of personal factors on income generation. Accordingly, we investigated the significance of 400 creative professionals' entrepreneurial or artistic identities and business skills in their income adequacy on the basis of role identity theory. Our findings show that business skills support the likelihood of income adequacy but that artistic identity reduces it. The combination of entrepreneurial identity with business skills increases income adequacy, whereas entrepreneurial identity alone has no influence. These results point to the complexity of individuals' income formation and the need to study the outcomes of different work identities and their interplay with various skills. They imply that assuming an artistic identity can be an economic liability. Hence, our study implies that enabling creative and innovative work to prosper necessitates that creative professionals develop an adaptive, artistic–entrepreneurial meta‐identity, in addition to enhancing their business skills, so that they can adjust between possible selves in different situations and work environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship may be the only viable solution for finding employment in rural areas because of their limited labor markets. However, how curricular and extracurricular entrepreneurial activities can support the entrepreneurial potential of rural youth remains a question. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigate the impact of curricular and extracurricular entrepreneurial activities on rural adolescents' entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and desirability. Our findings show that extracurricular entrepreneurial activities, especially inventive and commercial ones, enhance both ESE and entrepreneurial desirability, but formal curricular entrepreneurial activities do not. Our study highlights how extracurricular entrepreneurial activities can support young people's perceptions of their entrepreneurial potential while allowing them to explore and exploit local entrepreneurial opportunities. These activities are vital for rural areas to enable rural youth to see opportunities in their local surroundings and consider entrepreneurship as a career option early in life. The implications suggest that rural entrepreneurship education could leverage naturally occurring opportunities for leisure-time entrepreneurial activities in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies show that growth is an important goal for businesses, but little is known of how the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship works in family businesses and how this differs from their nonfamily peers. We examine that and how entrepreneurial activity mediates the relationship in family and nonfamily businesses. Our results on 532 firms show that family businesses benefit from innovative orientation, which is both directly and indirectly associated with firm growth via entrepreneurial activity. This association does not exist in nonfamily businesses. Furthermore, risk taking does not influence family business growth even if it does in nonfamily businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]