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Filamentary and rod‐like assemblies are ubiquitous in biological systems, and single such assemblies can form one‐dimensional (1D) crystals. New, intense X‐ray sources, such as X‐ray free‐electron lasers, make it feasible to measure diffraction data from single 1D crystals. Such experiments would present some advantages, since cylindrical averaging of the diffraction data in conventional fiber diffraction analysis is avoided, there is coherent signal amplification relative to single‐particle imaging, and the diffraction data are oversampled compared with those from a 3D crystal so that the phase problem is better determined than for a 3D crystal [Millane (2017). Acta Cryst. A73, 140–150]. Phasing of 1D crystal diffraction data is examined, by simulation, using an iterative projection algorithm. Ab initio phasing is feasible with realistic noise levels and little envelope information is required if a shrink‐wrap algorithm is also incorporated. Some practical aspects of the proposed experiments are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed by negatively charged sodium deoxycholate (DOC) or positively charged cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) are shown to assemble into aligned films (3.8 cm2) on polycarbonate membranes by slow flow dead‐end filtration. Global alignment (S2D max ≈ 0.85) is obtained on both pristine polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated membranes and those with an intentional 150–600 nm groove pattern from hot embossing. In all cases, a custom microfluidic setup capable of precise control and measurement of the volume rate, transmembrane pressure, and the filtration resistance is used to follow SWCNT film formation. Conditions associated with the formation of SWCNT crystallites or their global alignment are identified and these are discussed in terms of membrane fouling and the interaction potential between the surface of the membrane and nanotubes. SWCNT alignment is characterized by cross‐polarized microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Crystallization under stringent cylindrical confinement leads to novel quasi-one-dimensional materials. Substances with strong cohesive interactions can eventually preserve the symmetries of their bulk phase compatible with the restricted geometry, while those with weak cohesive interactions develop qualitatively different structures. Frozen molecular deuterium (D 2), a solid with a strong quantum character, is structurally held by weak dispersive forces. Here, the formation of one-dimensional D 2 crystals under carbon nanotube confinement is reported. In contradiction with its weak cohesive interactions, their structures, scrutinized using neutron scattering, correspond to definite cylindrical sections of the hexagonal close-packed bulk crystal. The results are rationalized on the grounds of numerical calculations, which point towards nuclear quantum delocalization as the physical mechanism responsible for the stabilization of such outstanding structures. Image 1 • Neutron scattering allows structural studies of D 2 confined within MWCNTs. • D 2 within MWCNTs solidifies forming ordered crystals down to the strict 1D limit. • Crystallization of D 2 within MWCNTs preserves the structure of the bulk D 2 crystal. • The D 2 1D-crystals retain the strong quantum character of the bulk D 2 solid. • Strong evidence of Quantum Nuclear Effects as essential for the 1D-crystal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

We show that topological interface mode can emerge in a one-dimensional elastic string system which consists of two periodic strings with different band topologies. To verify their topological features, Zak-phase of each band is calculated and reveals the condition of topological phase transition accordingly. Apart from that, the transmittance spectrum illustrates that topological interface mode arises when two topologically distinct structures are connected. The vibration profile further exhibits the non-trivial interface mode in the domain wall between two periodic string composites. more...

The structural organization of compounds in a confined space of nanometer-scale cavities is of fundamental importance for understanding the basic principles for atomic structure design at the nanolevel. Here, we explore size-dependent structure relations between one-dimensional PbTe nanocrystals and carbon nanotube containers in the diameter range of 2.0-1.25 nm using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and ab initio calculations. Upon decrease of the confining volume, one-dimensional crystals reveal gradual thinning, with the structure being cut from the bulk in either a <110> or a <100> growth direction until a certain limit of ∼1.3 nm. This corresponds to the situation when a stoichiometric (uncharged) crystal does not fit into the cavity dimensions. As a result of the in-tube charge compensation, one-dimensional superstructures with nanometer-scale atomic density modulations are formed by a periodic addition of peripheral extra atoms to the main motif. Structural changes in the crystallographic configuration of the composites entail the redistribution of charge density on single-walled carbon nanotube walls and the possible appearance of the electron density wave. The variation of the potential attains 0.4 eV, corresponding to charge density fluctuations of 0.14 e/atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The recent introduction of slow vacuum filtration (SVF) technology has shown great promise for reproducibly creating high-quality, large-area aligned films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from solution-based dispersions. Despite clear advantages over other SWCNT alignment techniques, SVF remains in the developmental stages due to a lack of an agreed-upon alignment mechanism, a hurdle which hinders SVF optimization. In this work, the filter membrane surface is modified to show how the resulting SWCNT nematic order can be significantly enhanced. It is observed that directional mechanical grooving on filter membranes does not play a significant role in SWCNT alignment, despite the tendency for nanotubes to follow the groove direction. Chemical treatments to the filter membrane are shown to increase SWCNT alignment by nearly 1/3. These findings suggest that membrane surface structure acts to create a directional flow along the filter membrane surface that can produce global SWCNT alignment during SVF, rather serving as an alignment template., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.) more...

We show that topological interface mode can emerge in a one-dimensional elastic string system which consists of two periodic strings with different band topologies. To verify their topological features, Zak-phase of each band is calculated and reveals the condition of topological phase transition accordingly. Apart from that, the transmittance spectrum illustrates that topological interface mode arises when two topologically distinct structures are connected. The vibration profile further exhibits the non-trivial interface mode in the domain wall between two periodic string composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...